500:
813:
22:
397:, the archipelago was subject to a settler colonial process involving systematic enslavement, mass murder, and deportation of the Guanches, who were replaced with Spanish settlers, in a process foreshadowing the Iberian colonisation of the Americas that followed shortly thereafter. Also like in the Americas, Spanish colonialists in the Canaries quickly turned to the importation of slaves from mainland Africa as a source of labour due to the decimation of the already small Guanche population by a combination of war, disease, and brutal forced labour. Historian
347:
640:
420:
777:
1124:
3661:
give up your colonization, for without an armed force which will render physically impossible any attempt to destroy or prevent this colonization, colonization is impossible, not difficult, not dangerous, but IMPOSSIBLE!... Zionism is a colonization adventure and therefore it stands or falls by the question of armed force. It is important... to speak Hebrew, but, unfortunately, it is even more important to be able to shoot – or else I am through with playing at colonizing.
651:
186:
102:. Settlement endeavours were seen as taking place in empty areas, downplaying the Indigenous inhabitants. Later on in the 1970s and 1980s, settler colonialism was seen as bringing high living standards in contrast to the failed political systems associated with classical colonialism. Beginning in the mid-1990s, the field of settler colonial studies was established distinct but connected to
1037:
702:, ultimately this came about through agitation by settler society in order to gain access to Indigenous land. Especially in the US South, such land acquisition built plantation society and expanded the practice of slavery. Settler colonialism participated in the formation of US cultures and lasted past the conquest, removal, or extermination of Indigenous people. In 1928,
1159:. Some indigenous scholars believe that settler colonialism as a methodology can lead to overlooking indigenous responses to colonialism; however, other practitioners of indigenous studies believe that settler colonialism has important insights that are applicable to their work. Settler colonialism as a theory has also been criticized from the standpoint of
4449:
1196:, political scientist Adam Dahl states that while it has often been recognized that "American democratic thought and identity arose out of the distinct pattern by which English settlers colonized the new world", histories are missing the "constitutive role of colonial dispossession in shaping democratic values and ideals".
1372:
Settler colonialism is a relationship. It is related to colonialism but also inherently distinct from it. As a system defined by unequal relationships (like colonialism) where an exogenous collective aims to locally and permanently replace indigenous ones (unlike colonialism), settler colonialism has
1330:
The key phrases Wolfe coined here – that invasion is a 'structure not an event'; that settler colonial structures have a 'logic of elimination' of
Indigenous peoples; that 'settlers come to stay' and that they 'destroy to replace' – have been taken up as the defining precepts of the field and are now
706:
spoke admiringly of the impact of white settler colonialism on the
Natives, stating the US had "gunned down the millions of Redskins to a few hundred thousand, and now keep the modest remnant under observation in a cage". The practice of writing the Indigenous out of history perpetrated a forgetting
697:
Frederick
Jackson Turner, the father of the "frontier thesis" of American history, noted in 1901: "Our colonial system did not start with Spanish War; the U.S. had had a colonial history from the beginning...hidden under the phraseology of 'interstate migration' and territorial organization'". While
3660:
A voluntary reconciliation with the Arabs is out of the question either now or in the future. If you wish to colonize a land in which people are already living, you must provide a garrison for the land, or find some rich man or benefactor who will provide a garrison on your behalf. Or else-or else,
658:
In colonial
America, colonial powers created economic dependency and imbalance of trade, incorporating Indigenous nations into spheres of influence and controlling them indirectly with the use of Christian missionaries and alcohol. With the emergence of an independent United States, desire for land
139:
Settler colonialism is a logic and structure, and not a mere occurrence. Settler colonialism takes claim of environments for replacing existing conditions and members of that environment with those of the settlement and settlers. Intrinsically connected to this is the displacement or elimination of
1432:
Settler-colonialism describes the logic and operation of power when colonizers arrive and settle on lands already inhabited by another group. Importantly, settler colonialism operates through a logic of elimination, seeking to eradicate the original inhabitants through violence and other genocidal
1192:
970:
is credited with originating the field. He theorized settler colonialism as a structure (rather than an event) premised on the elimination rather than exploitation of the native population, thus distinguishing it from classical colonialism. Wolfe argued that settler colonialism was centered on the
918:
as a colonial state and writes that Jewish settlers could expel the
British in 1948 only because they had their own colonial relationships inside and outside Israel's new borders. Veracini believes the possibility of an Israeli disengagement is always latent and this relationship could be severed,
176:
writes, "Immigrants are unarmed; settlers come armed with both weapons and a nationalist agenda. Immigrants come in search of a homeland, not a state; for settlers, there can be no homeland without a state." Nevertheless, the difference is often elided by settlers who minimize the voluntariness of
1501:
Though often conflated with colonialism more generally, settler colonialism is a distinct imperial formation. Both colonialism and settler colonialism are premised on exogenous domination, but only settler colonialism seeks to replace the original population of the colonized territory with a new
514:
was set up at the Cape, and imported large numbers of slaves from Africa and Asia during the mid-seventeenth century. The Dutch East India
Company established a refreshment station for ships sailing between Europe and the east. The initial plan by Dutch East India Company officer
600:
publicly endorsed and funded the project. Between 1822 and the early 20th century, around 15,000 African
Americans colonized Liberia on lands acquired from the region's indigenous African population. The African American elite monopolized the government and established
4086:: "The domination of Latin America, North America, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, and the Asian part of the Soviet Union by European powers all involved the migration of permanent settlers from the European country to the colonies. These places were colonized."
2344:
3682:
Colonisation can have only one aim, and
Palestine Arabs cannot accept this aim. It lies in the very nature of things, and in this particular regard nature cannot be changed...Zionist colonisation must either stop, or else proceed regardless of the native
592:. This settlement scheme stemmed from fears that free African Americans would assist slaves in escaping, as well as the widespread belief among White Americans that African Americans were inherently inferior and should thus be relocated. U.S. presidents
519:
was to maintain a small community around the new fort, but the community continued to spread and settle further than originally planned. There was a historic struggle to achieve the intended
British sovereignty that was achieved in other parts of the
998:, seeking to reestablish a Jewish political entity in their historical territory. Zionism, Lissak argues, was both a national movement and a settlement movement at the same time, so it was not, by definition, a colonial settlement movement.
1167:
has been criticized on the basis that it does not provide a special status for indigenous claims, and in response settler colonial theory has been criticized for potentially contributing to the marginalization of racialized immigrants.
690:, American settlers poured into southern Ohio, such that by 1810 it had a population of 230,760. The defeat of the confederacies in the Great Lakes paved the way for large land loss in the region, via treaties such as the
2260:
110:
stated that "I didn't invent
Settler Colonial Studies. Natives have been experts in the field for centuries." Additionally, Wolfe's work was preceded by others that have been influential in the field, such as
4554:
4156:
1377:... It can happen at any time, and everyone is a settler if they are part of a collective and sovereign displacement that moves to stay, that moves to establish a permanent homeland by way of displacement.
1175:
suggested that settlers could never succeed in their effort to become native, and therefore the only way to end settler colonialism was to erase the political significance of the settler–native dichotomy.
1139:. The Indigenous Australian population was estimated at 795,000 at the time of European settlement. The population declined steeply for 150 years following settlement from 1788, due to casualties from
547:
minority over non-whites, politically, socially and economically. As of 2014, the South African government has re-opened the period for land claims under the Restitution of Land Rights Amendment Act.
2960:
Weinberg, T (2015). "The Griqua Past and the Limits of South African History, 1902–1994; Settler Colonialism and Land Rights in South Africa: Possession and Dispossession on the Orange River".
4134:
Taiwan, an island whose indigenous inhabitants are Austronesian, has been a de facto settler colony due to large-scale Han migration from China to Taiwan beginning in the seventeenth century.
935:
in the "Post Colonial Colony: time, space and bodies in Palestine/Israel in the persistence of the Palestinian Question" have included Israel in their global analysis of settler societies.
90:, which are close to the complete, prototypical form of settler colonialism. However, settler colonialism is not restricted to any specific culture and has been practised by non-Europeans.
169:
Therefore colonial settling has been called an invasion or occupation, emphazising the violent reality of colonization and its settling, instead of the more domestic meaning of settling.
659:
and the perceived threat of permanent Indigenous political and spatial structures led to violent relocation of many Indigenous tribes to the American West, in what is known as the
2793:
975:. His approach was defining for the field, but has been challenged by other scholars on the basis that many situations involve a combination of elimination and exploitation.
565:
Liberia is often regarded by scholars as a unique example of settler colonialism and the only known instance of Black settler colonialism. It is frequently described as an
1700:
Van Sant, Levi; Milligan, Richard; Mollett, Sharlene (2021). "Political Ecologies of Race: Settler Colonialism and Environmental Racism in the United States and Canada".
982:
views Zionism as the return of an indigenous population to its historic homeland, distinct from imperial expansion. Most Jews oppose the paradigm, saying it denies their
3615:
873:
activism and campus protests. However, this viewpoint faces substantial criticism from scholars and is largely rejected by many Jews due to its perceived denial of the
2059:
75:
occurs through removal of the settler population or (more debatably) through reforms to colonial structures, settler-indigenous compacts and reconciliation processes.
2845:"Mixed Reviews for Morocco as Fourth Committee Hears Petitioners on Western Sahara, Amid Continuing Decolonization Debate | Meetings Coverage and Press Releases"
6620:
162:
Depending on the definition, it may be enacted by a variety of means, including mass killing of the previous inhabitants, removal of the previous inhabitants and/or
4530:
177:
their departure, claiming that settlers are mere migrants, and some pro-indigenous positions which militantly simplify, claiming that all migrants are settlers.
1657:
Kauanui, J. Kēhaulani (3 April 2021). "False dilemmas and settler colonial studies: response to Lorenzo Veracini: 'Is Settler Colonial Studies Even Useful?'".
1865:
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874:
123:
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1619:
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1251:
928:
924:
3024:"Colonialism, Postcolonialism, and the Drive for Social Justice: A Historical Analysis of Identity Based Conflicts in the First Republic of Liberia"
466:
140:
existing residents, particularly through destruction of their environment and society. As such settler colonialism has been identified as a form of
4583:
4450:
The Apocalypse of Settler Colonialism: The Roots of Slavery, White Supremacy, and Capitalism in Seventeenth-Century North America and the Caribbean
3916:
Moshe Lissak, "'Critical' Sociology and 'Establishment' Sociology in the Israeli Academic Community: Ideological Struggles or Academic Discourse?"
2144:
Connolly, S. (2017). Settler colonialism in Ireland from the English conquest to the nineteenth century. In E. Cavanagh, & L. Veracini (Eds.),
686:, both eventually lost, thereby paving the way for American control over the region. Settlement into conquered land was rapid. Following the 1795
3271:
Semerdjian, Elyse (17 July 2024). "Gazafication and Genocide by Attrition in Artsakh/Nagorno Karabakh and the Occupied Palestinian Territories".
128:
3469:
5047:
6632:
1243:
725:
634:
26:
1929:
1247:
285:
1433:
acts and to replace the existing spiritual, epistemological, political, social, and ecological systems with those of the settler society.
1114:
4472:
The Dawning of the Apocalypse: The Roots of Slavery, White Supremacy, Settler Colonialism, and Capitalism in the Long Sixteenth Century.
1187:
refers to enslaved Africans transported against their will, and to refugees forced into the Americas due to the effects of imperialism.
6581:
6566:
6238:
643:
3803:
2801:
151:, considering settler colonialism to entail the elimination of existing peoples and cultures, and not only their displacement (see
4371:
3862:"Genocide and settler colonialism: can a Lemkin-inspired genocide perspective aid our understanding of the Palestinian situation?"
3762:
6292:
1484:
1031:
55:, which maintains a connection or control to the territory through the settler's colonialism. Settler colonialism contrasts with
4194:
Page, A.; Petray, T. (2015). "Agency and Structural Constraints: Indigenous Peoples and the Settler-State in North Queensland".
2894:
Fourie, J (2014). "Settler Skills and Colonial Development: The Huguenot Wine-Makers in Eighteenth-Century Dutch South Africa".
6190:
1071:
in the 20th century. The Soviet policy also sometimes included the deportation of the native population, as in the case of the
755:
490:
293:
4024:
3069:
1789:
not only is genocide necessarily settler colonial (even though settler colonialism is not always genocidal or even successful)
1516:
6270:
6000:
5382:
4634:
4592:
4520:
4497:
4479:
4435:
4407:
4360:
4286:
4240:
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3844:
3770:
3653:
3180:
2944:
2878:
2736:
2707:
1782:
1754:
1365:
1007:
622:
3023:
2345:"Eastward Ho! Japanese Settler Colonialism in Hokkaido and the Making of Japanese Migration to the American West, 1869–1888"
6670:
3790:, NY, (2006) and "The Pre-Occupation of Post-Colonial Studies" ed. Fawzia Afzal-Khan and Kalpana Rahita Seshadri. (Durham:
947:, has stated, "Israel was created by a settler-colonial movement of Jewish immigrants". Damien Short has accused Israel of
5906:
3224:
Education and the Racial Dynamics of Settler Colonialism in Early America: Georgia and South Carolina, ca. 1700 - ca. 1820
6280:
3100:
2962:
1239:
1011:
983:
470:
465:
Under international law, the transfer of Moroccan citizens into the occupied territory constitutes a direct violation of
333:
2824:
796:, and other parts of the imperial frontier. To accomplish this goal they began a policy of settler colonialism by which
71:. As settler colonialism entails the creation of a new society on the conquered territory, it lasts indefinitely unless
6052:
5052:
3993:
3236:
2601:
2412:
1744:
155:, "the intentional destruction of a people in whole or in part"). However, the opposite argument has also been made by
3135:
1097:'s contemporary population is largely the result of Chinese settler colonialism beginning in the seventeenth century.
1052:, during which it displaced and resettled Indigenous peoples, while practicing settler colonialism. The annexation of
6698:
6523:
6418:
4696:
4615:
4462:
3579:
2676:
2446:"State-building, migration and economic development on the frontiers of northern Afghanistan and southern Tajikistan"
1983:
1072:
971:
control of land, that it continued after the closing of the frontier, and that continued to exist today, classifying
79:
6518:
3786:"Post Colonial Colony: time, space and bodies in Palestine/Israel in the persistence of the Palestinian Question",
1019:
956:
866:
172:
Settler colonialism is distinct from migration because immigrants aim to join an existing society, not replace it.
117:
5678:
3001:
1624:
1064:
often committed atrocities against them. During the Cold War, new forms of Indigenous repression were practiced.
948:
853:
771:
767:
4840:
6723:
6320:
6233:
2396:
972:
960:
849:
841:
360:
249:
196:
The settler colonial paradigm has been applied to a wide variety of conflicts around the world, including the
6553:
6116:
4232:
3882:
Troen, S. Ilan (2007). "De-Judaizing the Homeland: Academic Politics in Rewriting the History of Palestine".
3499:
Troen, S. Ilan (2007). "De-Judaizing the Homeland: Academic Politics in Rewriting the History of Palestine".
3422:
Clarke, Michael (16 February 2021). "Settler Colonialism and the Path toward Cultural Genocide in Xinjiang".
3077:
2753:
1057:
581:
560:
4049:
Bartels, Dennis; Bartels, Alice L. (2006). "Indigenous Peoples of the Russian North and Cold War Ideology".
3930:
Sunderland, Willard (2000). "The 'Colonization Question': Visions of Colonization in Late Imperial Russia".
3732:
because it was able to establish a number of colonial relationships within and without the borders of 1948."
2540:"Farmers to the Frontier: Settler Colonialism in the Eastern Prussian Provinces and German Southwest Africa"
613:
elite such as the Grebo Revolt in 1909–1910 and Kru Revolt in 1915 were quelled with U.S. military support.
44:
invade and occupy territory to permanently replace the existing society with the society of the colonizers.
6748:
6718:
6111:
5995:
3540:
2484:
1819:
1088:
2499:
401:
has labelled the conquest of the Canary Islands as the first overseas European settler colonial genocide.
6758:
6753:
6686:
6609:
6287:
6228:
6121:
5158:
3207:
2728:
2450:
1235:
1045:
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4666:
4157:"The Australian Settler State, Indigenous Agency, and the Indigenous Sector in the Twenty First Century"
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6370:
6304:
6183:
4561:
4512:
4488:
4278:
3964:
3257:
2699:
1205:
889:
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the United States government and local state governments directly aided this dispossession through the
609:, they felt superior to the natives, whom they dominated and oppressed. Indigenous revolts against the
341:
3095:
6558:
6335:
6248:
6079:
5227:
4791:
2867:
Settler colonialism and land rights in South Africa: Possession and dispossession on the Orange River
2618:
2500:"Between a Rock and a Hard Place: The Return of Internally Displaced Persons to Northern Afghanistan"
2297:"'We will memorise our home': exploring settler colonialism as an interpretive framework for Kashmir"
2296:
2163:
2011:
1773:(2021). "Colonialism, Frontiers, Genocide: Civilian-Driven Violence in Settler Colonial Situations".
1394:
675:
4297:
4180:
2539:
2007:"Europe's First Settler Colonial Incursion into Africa: The Genocide of Aboriginal Canary Islanders"
2006:
990:. Moses Lissak asserted that the settler-colonial thesis denies the idea that Zionism is the modern
510:
In 1652, the arrival of Europeans sparked the beginning of settler colonialism in South Africa. The
6543:
6528:
6325:
6168:
6037:
6012:
5862:
5521:
5516:
4417:
4122:
3817:
Decolonizing Israel. Ilan Pappé on Viewing Israel-Palestine Through the Lens of Settler-Colonialism
1144:
1118:
529:
511:
435:
has sponsored settlement schemes that have encouraged several thousand Moroccan citizens to settle
301:
297:
56:
3731:
2256:"Of Rivers and Human Rights: The Northern Areas, Pakistan's forgotten colony in Jammu and Kashmir"
978:
Critics of the paradigm argue that Zionism does not fit the traditional framework of colonialism.
800:
were resettled on the frontier. This policy was renewed by the People's Republic of China, led by
6627:
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5985:
5526:
5479:
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4427:
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801:
610:
589:
521:
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51:(of external origin, coming from the outside) domination typically organized or supported by an
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6275:
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From Politics Past to Politics Future: An Integrated Analysis of Current and Emergent Paradigms
1215:
1136:
869:. This academic framework has also been embraced by leftist groups and individuals involved in
245:
3409:
3334:
1958:
1950:
1866:"Discovery, settlement or invasion? The power of language in Australia's historical narrative"
1044:
Some scholars describe Russia as a settler colonial state, particularly in its expansion into
707:
of the full dimensions and significance of colonialism at both the national and local levels.
6394:
6176:
6057:
6017:
5830:
5705:
4769:
4759:
4718:
4689:
4167:
4145:
Statistics compiled by Ørsted-Jensen for Frontier History Revisited (Brisbane 2011), page 15.
3834:
3791:
3295:
2693:
2503:
2301:
1448:
Whyte, Kyle (1 September 2018). "Settler Colonialism, Ecology, and Environmental Injustice".
1110:
763:
759:
679:
671:
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was introduced South Africa in order to segregate the races and ensure the domination of the
525:
163:
68:
21:
5945:
2619:"Yehuda Bauer, the Concepts of Holocaust and Genocide, and the Issue of Settler Colonialism"
1349:
921:
accommodation of a Palestinian Israeli autonomy within the institutions of the Israeli state
6655:
6571:
6548:
6243:
6150:
5980:
5950:
5825:
5756:
5727:
5646:
4980:
4818:
4808:
4454:
3335:"Urbanizing Minority Minzu in the PRC: Insights from the Literature on Settler Colonialism"
2695:
The Ethnography of Vietnam's Central Highlanders: A Historical Contextualization, 1850–1990
1709:
1557:
1284:
1106:
743:
699:
687:
141:
5930:
4275:
Empire of the People: Settler Colonialism and the Foundations of Modern Democratic Thought
2517:
1546:
Englert, Sai (2020). "Settlers, Workers, and the Logic of Accumulation by Dispossession".
1193:
Empire of the People: Settler Colonialism and the Foundations of Modern Democratic Thought
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8:
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5405:
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4423:
Replenishing the earth: the settler revolution and the rise of the Anglo-world, 1783–1939
3763:
Unsettling Settler Societies: Articulations of Gender, Race, Ethnicity and Class, Vol. 11
3296:"(Un)Tethering Indigeneity: The Colonized, Settlerized, Nationalized, and Something Else"
3096:"Black Imperialism: Americo-Liberian Rule over the African Peoples of Liberia, 1841–1964"
3044:
2668:
2518:"Paying for the Taliban's Crimes: Abuses Against Ethnic Pashtuns in Northern Afghanistan"
1280:"Thinking with and beyond settler colonial studies: new histories after the postcolonial"
1210:
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1023:
944:
885:
257:
190:
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5548:
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98:
During the 1960s, settlement and colonization were perceived as separate phenomena from
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4005:
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3516:
3447:
3364:
2979:
2913:
2870:
2638:
2559:
2524:
2481:"From 'Slavers' to 'Warlords': Descriptions of Afghanistan's Uzbeks in Western Writing"
2426:
2418:
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2318:
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2229:
2183:
2127:
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2028:
1934:
1846:
1682:
1583:
1548:
1423:
1321:
1156:
1140:
987:
920:
862:
825:
821:
721:
474:
436:
423:
Marches of 7 November (in green) and military action of 31 October (in red) during the
366:
201:
103:
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6403:
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1975:
The Conquest of the Desert: Argentina's Indigenous Peoples and the Battle for History
1954:
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after having received a signal from King Hassan II. As of 2015, it is estimated that
410:
4349:
Civilian-Driven Violence and the Genocide of Indigenous Peoples in Settler Societies
3958:
3616:"Campus Radicals and Leftist Groups Have Embraced the Idea of 'Settler Colonialism'"
2844:
1775:
Civilian-Driven Violence and the Genocide of Indigenous Peoples in Settler Societies
861:
has been characterized by some scholars as a form of settler colonialism concerning
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2002:
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683:
666:
In response to American encroachment on native land in the Great Lakes region, the
630:
593:
516:
398:
346:
156:
64:
3280:
2634:
2314:
2179:
2073:
2054:
2024:
1670:
1298:
1279:
6660:
6642:
6576:
6466:
6433:
6428:
6131:
6099:
5972:
5940:
5923:
5879:
5874:
5852:
5847:
5805:
5798:
5773:
5633:
5628:
5469:
5350:
5244:
5239:
5207:
5032:
5022:
4916:
4909:
4904:
4889:
4845:
4727:
4713:
4565:
4421:
4313:
4226:
3990:
Eastward to Empire: Exploration and Conquest on the Russian Open Frontier to 1750
3643:
3140:
2975:
2591:
2555:
1172:
904:
626:
606:
585:
451:
233:
205:
173:
5553:
2464:
2445:
639:
588:-run organization, to relocate free African Americans to Africa, as part of the
6665:
6601:
6586:
6510:
6500:
6480:
6207:
6203:
6074:
6069:
6032:
6007:
5990:
5901:
5886:
5857:
5815:
5663:
5623:
5618:
5573:
5499:
5459:
5449:
5439:
5254:
5133:
5027:
4894:
4776:
3435:
3384:
Settler Colonialism, Primitive Accumulation, and Biopolitics in Xinjiang, China
2848:
2273:
1373:
no geographical, cultural or chronological bounds. It is culturally nonspecific
660:
455:
439:
265:
229:
225:
221:
72:
3895:
3512:
3311:
2360:
1833:
1814:
419:
389:
on 1 May 1402 and ending with the surrender of the last Guanche resistance on
6742:
6692:
6155:
6042:
5837:
5810:
5783:
5761:
5739:
5506:
5489:
5474:
5318:
5271:
5259:
5185:
5077:
4951:
4946:
4921:
4803:
4644:
4118:
Re-conceptualizing Taiwan: Settler Colonial Criticism and Cultural Production
4098:"The Deportation of the Crimean Tatars in the Context of Settler Colonialism"
3593:
3554:
3443:
3401:
3360:
3352:
3319:
3121:
2774:
Re-conceptualizing Taiwan: Settler Colonial Criticism and Cultural Production
2123:
1842:
1810:
1729:
1678:
1469:
1461:
1419:
1317:
1084:
1027:
979:
967:
932:
893:
833:
597:
570:
394:
370:
289:
273:
253:
217:
197:
107:
5583:
5563:
4540:
4116:
4009:
2909:
2772:
2422:
2390:
936:
776:
6650:
6485:
6443:
6386:
6262:
6199:
6047:
5788:
5778:
5744:
5673:
5668:
5595:
5385:
5367:
5328:
5323:
5303:
5298:
5170:
5163:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5037:
4975:
4956:
4941:
4877:
4467:
4444:
4097:
3474:
3172:
2829:
1392:
McKay, Dwanna L.; Vinyeta, Kirsten; Norgaard, Kari Marie (September 2020).
1068:
952:
897:
870:
781:
747:
703:
533:
374:
317:
313:
112:
106:. Although often credited with originating the field, Australian historian
37:
3765:, Nira Yuval-Davis (Editor), Daiva K Stasiulis (Editor), Paperback 352pp,
2225:
1123:
6413:
6398:
6358:
5766:
5751:
5600:
5313:
5222:
5212:
5138:
4786:
4781:
4652:
4399:
4001:
3820:
3749:
3392:
2825:"Western Sahara's stranded refugees consider renewal of Morocco conflict"
2404:
2164:"'Terra promessa': migration and settler colonialism in Libya, 1911–1970"
991:
797:
447:
424:
414:
281:
99:
87:
52:
4070:
3943:
2281:
2131:
2107:
2053:
Barclay, Fiona; Chopin, Charlotte Ann; Evans, Martin (12 January 2017).
1578:
6471:
5793:
5610:
5484:
5444:
5377:
3730:"Israel could celebrate its anticolonial/anti-British struggle exactly
3700:
2255:
1721:
1569:
1411:
1308:
1164:
896:, described the Zionist project as "something colonial" in a letter to
667:
650:
486:
2209:
2083:
450:
took place, during which about 350,000 Moroccan citizens crossed into
5683:
5454:
5338:
5308:
5089:
4963:
4754:
4573:
4352:
4062:
3787:
3228:
3070:
The American Colonization Society: 200 Years of the “Colonizing Trick
2149:
1357:
1180:
829:
544:
540:
494:
386:
337:
269:
213:
209:
148:
83:
6198:
3222:
3136:"Liberia: The African-American settler colony that parallels Israel"
1350:"Introduction: Settler colonialism as a distinct mode of domination"
844:
today. However, this notion has also received significant criticism.
654:"Indian Land For Sale" by the U.S. Department of the Interior (1911)
185:
5084:
4867:
4825:
4764:
2392:
Brokers of Empire: Japanese Settler Colonialism in Korea, 1876–1945
1061:
789:
390:
382:
305:
241:
189:
Map of colonial empires throughout the world in 1754, prior to the
152:
60:
4544:
3082:
Oxford University Press’s Academic Insights for the Thinking World
3074:
Black Perspectives, African American Intellectual History Society,
2725:
The unimagined community: Imperialism and culture in South Vietnam
2663:
Rahman, Smita A.; Gordy, Katherine A.; Deylami, Shirin S. (2022).
1973:
1930:"New Caledonia set for 2nd referendum on independence from France"
1746:
Redefining Genocide: Settler Colonialism, Social Death and Ecocide
385:
people. Beginning with the start of the conquest of the island of
309:
6703:
4997:
4926:
4882:
4737:
2936:
2498:
Mundt, Alex; Schmeidl, Susanne; Ziai, Shafiqullah (1 June 2009).
1093:
According to a PhD thesis by Lin-chin Tsai, the ethnic makeup of
1053:
940:
888:, who said "Zionism is a colonization adventure." Founder of the
881:
858:
817:
432:
378:
277:
261:
48:
41:
4798:
3836:
Arab Minority Nationalism in Israel: The Politics of Indigeneity
3078:
The American Colonization Society’s plans for abolishing slavery
16:
Form of colonialism seeking population replacement with settlers
4830:
4705:
3804:
The Palestinian Enclaves Struggle: An Interview with Ilan Pappé
3470:"The Curious Rise of 'Settler Colonialism' and 'Turtle Island'"
1395:"Theorizing race and settler colonialism within U.S. sociology"
1094:
1036:
915:
837:
734:
has been described as settler colonialism targeting Armenians.
321:
237:
2593:
Destroying to Replace: Settler Genocides of Indigenous Peoples
907:
wrote an article later translated and published in English as
159:, who argues that all genocide is settler colonial in nature.
5464:
2210:"Italian Colonialism through a Settler Colonial Studies Lens"
793:
503:
2146:
The Routledge Handbook of the History of Settler Colonialism
1354:
The Routledge Handbook of the History of Settler Colonialism
377:
archipelago of the Canary Islands, located off the coast of
2778:
2596:. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company. pp. 1–32.
995:
462:
constitute two-thirds of the population of Western Sahara.
4674:
4228:
The Transit of Empire: Indigenous Critiques of Colonialism
3580:"Who's a 'Colonizer'? How an Old Word Became a New Weapon"
1502:
society of settlers (usually from the colonial metropole).
884:
themselves described the project as colonization, such as
678:
emerged. Despite initial victories in both cases, such as
4536:
1900:
1898:
694:
which saw the loss of more than 4,000,000 acres of land.
1331:
cited by countless scholars across numerous disciplines.
836:, credited with originating the field, famously defined
4025:"Conquering Siberia: The Case for Genocide Recognition"
1815:"Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native"
1699:
4206:
4162:. Australian Political Studies Association Conference.
2472:
2055:"Introduction: settler colonialism and French Algeria"
1910:
1895:
1883:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1147:
and forced re-settlement and cultural disintegration.
943:
and Israel in similar terms. Scholar Amal Jamal, from
788:
Near the end of their rule the Qing tried to colonize
1620:"A Typology of Colonialism | Perspectives on History"
1135:
Europeans explored and settled Australia, displacing
78:
Settler colonial studies has often focused on former
3648:. Vol. 1: The False Messiah. SCB Distributors.
2754:"The Chams in Vietnam: a great unknown civilization"
2108:"Challenging U.S. Militarism in Hawai'i and Okinawa"
1391:
1183:
scholar Jodi Byrd, in contrast to settler, the term
3169:
An Indigenous Peoples' History of the United States
2295:Mushtaq, Samreen; Mudasir, Amin (16 October 2021).
1594:
842:
most through example of a settler colonialist state
4249:
2662:
2510:
2261:International Journal on Minority and Group Rights
2052:
1515:
1393:
816:Scholars of settler colonialism generally see the
3333:Wang, Ju-Han Zoe; Roche, Gerald (16 March 2021).
2497:
1352:. In Cavanagh, Edward; Veracini, Lorenzo (eds.).
147:Some scholars describe the process as inherently
6740:
4649:Traces of History: Elementary Structures of Race
4584:Settlers: The Mythology of the White Proletariat
4302:The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History
3988:Lantzeff, George V.; Pierce, Richard A. (1973).
3734:Lorenzo Veracini, Borderlands, vol 6 No 2, 2007.
3196:https://www.issuelab.org/resources/3973/3973.pdf
2582:
2580:
2443:
1997:
1995:
1278:Carey, Jane; Silverstein, Ben (2 January 2020).
1277:
2437:
1056:and the Far East to Russia was resisted by the
966:Writing in the 1990s, the Australian historian
475:Israeli settlers in the Palestinian territories
350:Comparison of Africa in the years 1880 and 1913
4560:
4048:
3987:
2796:[Hassan II launches the Green March].
2294:
1951:"Indonesian Settler Colonialism in West Papua"
1805:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1001:
973:Israel as a modern form of settler colonialism
6184:
4690:
3695:Gelber, Mark H.; Liska, Vivian, eds. (2012).
2577:
1992:
1137:Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples
726:Confiscation of Armenian properties in Turkey
635:Native American genocide in the United States
27:loss of Native American land to U.S. settlers
6147:"Empire" as a description of foreign policy
4570:Settler Colonialism in the Twentieth Century
4555:American Indian Culture and Research Journal
4298:"'Settler Colonialism': Career of a Concept"
3166:
2617:Browning, Christopher R. (8 February 2022).
2544:Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History
1476:
1067:This colonization continued even during the
506:family traveling by covered wagon circa 1900
4604:Settler Colonialism: A Theoretical Overview
3713:Rodinson, Maxime. "Israel, fait colonial?"
3694:
3300:Journal of the Society for Armenian Studies
2491:
2214:Journal of Colonialism and Colonial History
1794:
1652:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1234:Example reconciliation programmes include:
1155:Settler colonialism exists in tension with
1115:List of massacres of Indigenous Australians
824:as the archetype of the definition. Map of
6191:
6177:
4697:
4683:
4193:
3929:
3832:
3672:
3666:
3538:
3270:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1535:
569:settler colony tasked with establishing a
467:Article 49 of the Fourth Geneva Convention
3877:
3875:
3866:The International Journal of Human Rights
3494:
3492:
3391:
3332:
3009:The SOAS Journal of Postgraduate Research
2463:
2082:
2072:
1832:
1617:
1577:
1307:
1297:
1129:Censuses, articles quoted in description.
875:historical Jewish connection to Palestine
134:
4624:
4601:
4506:
4343:
4295:
4212:
4083:
3743:
3539:Schuessler, Jennifer (22 January 2024).
3293:
2959:
2864:
2791:
2758:French Academic Network of Asian Studies
2751:
2691:
2616:
2586:
2207:
2001:
1916:
1889:
1769:
1639:
1605:
1517:"Settler Colonialism and Decolonisation"
1513:
1387:
1385:
1347:
1336:
1273:
1271:
1122:
1035:
811:
775:
649:
638:
498:
418:
393:on 29 September 1496 to the now-unified
345:
184:
20:
5971:
4485:
4393:
3956:
3573:
3571:
3534:
3532:
3530:
3021:
1948:
1904:
1656:
1545:
1532:
1032:Population transfer in the Soviet Union
532:(1961–1994) and finally the modern day
6741:
4416:
3872:
3613:
3489:
3467:
3463:
3461:
3421:
3381:
3162:
3160:
3158:
3039:
3037:
2999:
2995:
2993:
2924:
2893:
2860:
2858:
2822:
2722:
2478:
2388:
2161:
2105:
1971:
1863:
1736:
1443:
1441:
756:Southward expansion of the Han dynasty
491:Free Burghers in the Dutch Cape Colony
373:to subjugate under Castilian rule the
93:
6172:
4678:
4643:
4580:
4507:Manjapra, Kris (2020). "Settlement".
3881:
3859:
3673:Jabotinsky, Ze'ev (4 November 1923).
3577:
3498:
3220:
3093:
3076:December 22, 2016; Nicholas Guyatt, “
2930:
2479:Bleuer, Christian (17 October 2014).
2253:
1809:
1749:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 69.
1742:
1447:
1382:
1268:
1008:Ethnic Russians in post-Soviet states
623:European colonization of the Americas
6671:Postcolonial international relations
4396:Settler Colonialism: An Introduction
4272:
4255:
4224:
4154:
4114:
4095:
4022:
3932:Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas
3910:
3839:. Taylor & Francis. p. 48.
3641:
3568:
3527:
3294:Sargsyan, Nelli (22 November 2022).
3251:
2792:Hamdaoui, Neijma (31 October 2003).
2770:
2537:
1857:
1693:
1240:truth and reconciliation commissions
524:. State sovereignty belonged to the
6612:— Predecessors of sovereign states
4667:Articles on Settler Colonialism in
4023:Hill, Nathaniel (25 October 2021).
3960:A history of the peoples of Siberia
3645:Zionism: The Real Enemy of the Jews
3458:
3155:
3101:Canadian Journal of African Studies
3034:
2990:
2963:Journal of Southern African Studies
2887:
2855:
2112:Race, Poverty & the Environment
1618:Shoemaker, Nancy (1 October 2015).
1482:
1438:
715:
605:over the locals. As they possessed
576:Liberia was founded as the private
471:Turkish settlers in Northern Cyprus
334:White Africans of European ancestry
67:and gain a source of cheap or free
13:
4337:
4225:Byrd, Jodi A. (6 September 2011).
3717:, 1967. Republished in English as
3697:Theodor Herzl: From Europe to Zion
3468:Powell, Michael (5 January 2024).
2823:Shefte, Whitney (6 January 2015).
2342:
2162:Ertola, Emanuele (15 March 2016).
1978:. University of New Mexico Press.
1514:Veracini, Lorenzo (October 2007).
832:in 2020. The Australian historian
365:During the fifteenth century, the
14:
6770:
4660:
4509:Colonialism in Global Perspective
3719:Israel: A Colonial Settler-State?
3578:Cohen, Roger (10 December 2023).
2794:"Hassan II lance la Marche verte"
2623:The Journal of Holocaust Research
2208:Veracini, Lorenzo (Winter 2018).
984:historical connection to the land
909:Israel: A Colonial Settler-State?
354:
80:British colonies in North America
47:Settler colonialism is a form of
6633:Sovereign states formation dates
4102:International Crimes and History
3614:Kirsch, Adam (26 October 2023).
3541:"What Is 'Settler Colonialism'?"
3424:Global Responsibility to Protect
1949:McNamee, Lachlan (15 May 2020).
1127:"Areas of European settlement".
1020:Russian conquest of the Caucasus
880:Many of the founding fathers of
616:
381:and inhabited by the Indigenous
118:Zionist Colonialism in Palestine
4369:
4218:
4187:
4148:
4139:
4108:
4089:
4077:
4042:
4016:
3994:McGill-Queen's University Press
3981:
3950:
3923:
3860:Short, Damien (December 2012).
3853:
3826:
3809:
3797:
3780:
3756:
3737:
3724:
3707:
3688:
3635:
3607:
3415:
3375:
3326:
3287:
3264:
3245:
3214:
3200:
3189:
3128:
3087:
3062:
3015:
2953:
2837:
2816:
2785:
2764:
2752:Schweyer, Anne-Valérie (2019).
2745:
2716:
2685:
2656:
2610:
2538:Lerp, Dörte (11 October 2013).
2531:
2382:
2336:
2288:
2247:
2201:
2155:
2138:
2099:
2046:
1965:
1942:
1922:
1763:
1625:American Historical Association
1611:
1012:Expansion of Russia (1500–1800)
923:". Other commentators, such as
854:Palestinian genocide accusation
772:Qin campaign against the Baiyue
768:Persecution of Uyghurs in China
480:
6724:Decolonization of public space
4265:
3721:, New York, Monad Press, 1973.
3167:Dunbar-Ortiz, Roxanne (2014).
3114:10.1080/00083968.1973.10803695
3094:Akpan, M. B. (10 March 2014).
2397:Harvard University Asia Center
1507:
1228:
903:In 1967, the French historian
850:Zionism as settler colonialism
573:form of governance in Africa.
361:Conquest of the Canary Islands
1:
6539:Couronian (Polish-Lithuanian)
4543:, retrieved: March 17, 2021 (
4541:Institute of European History
4537:EGO - European History Online
4233:University of Minnesota Press
3967:. pp. 201–228, 241–346.
3642:Hart, Alan (13 August 2010).
3281:10.1080/14623528.2024.2377871
2635:10.1080/25785648.2021.2012985
2315:10.1080/01436597.2021.1984877
2180:10.1080/2201473X.2016.1153251
2074:10.1080/2201473X.2016.1273862
2025:10.1080/17532523.2017.1336863
1864:Kilroy, Peter (22 May 2024).
1671:10.1080/13688790.2020.1857023
1299:10.1080/13688790.2020.1719569
1261:
1040:Expansion of Russia 1500–1900
959:since its inception within a
582:American Colonization Society
561:American Colonization Society
528:(1910–1961), followed by the
6719:Christianity and colonialism
4627:The Settler Colonial Present
4552:What is settler colonialism?
4492:. Harvard University Press.
4474:Monthly Review Press, 2020.
4314:10.1080/03086534.2013.768099
3273:Journal of Genocide Research
3221:Spady, James O'Neil (2020).
3208:"The 1819 Treaty of Saginaw"
3002:"From Victims to Colonizers"
2976:10.1080/03057070.2015.991591
2665:Globalizing Political Theory
2556:10.1080/03086534.2013.836361
2485:Afghanistan Analysts Network
2389:Uchida, Jun (3 March 2014).
2349:The Journal of Asian Studies
1972:Larson, Carolyne R. (2020).
1820:Journal of Genocide Research
1150:
1100:
1089:Taiwanese indigenous peoples
957:Israeli–Palestinian conflict
867:Israeli–Palestinian conflict
7:
6687:Decolonization of knowledge
6610:Wars of national liberation
4704:
4669:Western American Literature
4155:Page, A. (September 2015).
3045:"Founding of Liberia, 1847"
2800:(in French). Archived from
2729:Manchester University Press
2465:10.1016/j.euras.2011.10.008
2451:Journal of Eurasian Studies
2343:Lu, Sidney Xu (June 2019).
1236:Reconciliation in Australia
1199:
1016:Russian conquest of Siberia
1002:Russia and the Soviet Union
180:
59:, where the imperial power
10:
6775:
4625:Veracini, Lorenzo (2015).
4602:Veracini, Lorenzo (2010).
4513:Cambridge University Press
4489:Neither Settler nor Native
4296:Veracini, Lorenzo (2013).
4279:University Press of Kansas
3965:Cambridge University Press
3806:, King's Review – Magazine
3746:Israel and Settler Society
3744:Veracini, Lorenzo (2006).
3436:10.1163/1875-984X-13010002
3258:Cambridge University Press
2700:University of Hawaii Press
2274:10.1163/157181104323383929
1348:Veracini, Lorenzo (2017).
1206:Pre-modern human migration
1104:
1082:
1005:
890:World Zionist Organization
847:
828:(magenta) in the occupied
741:
719:
620:
554:
550:
484:
446:. On 6 November 1975, the
408:
404:
358:
342:French conquest of Algeria
331:
6679:
6641:
6600:
6465:
6385:
6357:
6348:
6313:
6261:
6221:
6214:
6140:
6092:
5609:
5013:
4712:
4486:Mamdani, Mahmood (2020).
4029:www.genocidewatchblog.com
3896:10.1080/13537120701445372
3513:10.1080/13537120701445372
3382:Brooks, Jonathan (2021),
3312:10.1163/26670038-12342780
3000:Spence, David M. (2021).
2935:. Westport, Connecticut:
2444:Christian Bleuer (2012).
2361:10.1017/S0021911819000147
2012:African Historical Review
1834:10.1080/14623520601056240
1078:
807:
369:sponsored expeditions by
327:
4529:Marx, Christoph (2017).
4196:Settler Colonial Studies
4123:University of California
3353:10.1177/0097700421995135
3022:Parkins, Daniel (2019).
2723:Nguyen, Duy Lap (2019).
2692:Salemink, Oscar (2003).
2254:Raman, Anita D. (2004).
2168:Settler Colonial Studies
2060:Settler Colonial Studies
1489:oxfordbibliographies.com
1462:10.3167/ares.2018.090109
1221:
1145:Australian frontier wars
1119:Australian frontier wars
737:
534:Republic of South Africa
530:Republic of South Africa
512:Dutch East India Company
302:German South West Africa
57:exploitation colonialism
6628:Independence referendum
4550:Mikdashi, Maya (2013).
4428:Oxford University Press
4380:Oxford University Press
4115:Tsai, Lin-chin (2019).
3957:Forsyth, James (1992).
3621:The Wall Street Journal
3084:, December 22, 2016, /.
3049:Office of the Historian
2910:10.1111/1468-0289.12033
2897:Economic History Review
2771:Tsai, Lin-chin (2019).
2148:(pp. 49-64). Article 4
1450:Environment and Society
877:, among other reasons.
802:Chinese Communist Party
710:
644:U.S. westward expansion
590:Back-to-Africa movement
539:In 1948, the policy of
444:Western Sahara conflict
4175:Cite journal requires
3028:SIT Graduate Institute
1743:Short, Damien (2016).
1216:Transmigration program
1132:
1041:
845:
785:
700:use of military forces
676:Tecumseh's Confederacy
655:
647:
507:
428:
351:
193:
135:Definition and concept
30:
25:Graphic depicting the
6117:Medieval great powers
4394:Englert, Sai (2022).
4376:Oxford Bibliographies
4372:"Settler Colonialism"
3792:Duke University Press
2504:Brookings Institution
2302:Third World Quarterly
2226:10.1353/cch.2018.0023
1485:"Settler Colonialism"
1126:
1111:Cultural assimilation
1083:Further information:
1039:
949:carrying out genocide
815:
780:The expansion of the
779:
764:Migration to Xinjiang
760:Sinicization of Tibet
720:Further information:
672:Northwest Confederacy
670:confederacies of the
653:
642:
526:Union of South Africa
502:
422:
359:Further information:
349:
188:
164:cultural assimilation
24:
6656:Internal colonialism
6127:European colonialism
6112:Ancient great powers
4455:Monthly Review Press
4002:10.2307/j.ctt1w0dbpp
3963:. Internet Archive.
3920:1:1 (1996), 247-294.
3393:10.2139/ssrn.3965577
3254:The American Steppes
3252:Moon, David (2020).
2931:Mayne, Alan (1999).
2865:Cavanagh, E (2013).
2669:Taylor & Francis
2405:10.2307/j.ctt1x07x37
2106:Takumi, Roy (1994).
2005:(7 September 2017).
1659:Postcolonial Studies
1285:Postcolonial Studies
1107:Europeans in Oceania
986:and aspirations for
744:Chinese expansionism
688:Treaty of Greenville
536:(1994–present day).
286:northern Afghanistan
142:environmental racism
6749:Settler colonialism
6714:Uncontacted peoples
6565:Mostly contiguous:
6439:settler colonialism
6404:Chartered companies
6122:Modern great powers
4273:Dahl, Adam (2018).
4096:Pohl, Otto (2015).
3833:Amal Jamal (2011).
3703:. pp. 100–101.
3210:. 26 November 2019.
2702:. pp. 35–336.
1714:2021Antip..53..629V
1562:2020Antip..52.1647E
1211:European emigration
1171:Political theorist
1161:postcolonial theory
1024:Circassian genocide
945:Tel Aviv University
886:Vladimir Jabotinsky
863:region of Palestine
826:Israeli settlements
646:in the 19th century
94:Origins as a theory
34:Settler colonialism
29:in the 19th century
6759:Settlement schemes
6754:Cultural geography
6709:Indigenous peoples
6452:Non-self-governing
4608:Palgrave MacMillan
4581:Sakai, J. (1983).
4515:. pp. 43–70.
3585:The New York Times
3546:The New York Times
3068:Nicholas Guyatt, “
2873:. pp. 10–16.
2871:Palgrave Macmillan
2869:. United Kingdom:
2525:Human Rights Watch
1722:10.1111/anti.12697
1570:10.1111/anti.12659
1412:10.1111/soc4.12821
1157:indigenous studies
1141:infectious disease
1133:
1058:Indigenous peoples
1042:
988:self-determination
846:
786:
722:Armenian highlands
680:St. Clair's defeat
656:
648:
508:
433:Kingdom of Morocco
429:
367:Kingdom of Castile
352:
202:Western New Guinea
194:
124:Settler Capitalism
104:Indigenous studies
61:conquers territory
53:imperial authority
31:
6736:
6735:
6732:
6731:
6517:Overseas, minor:
6479:Overseas, major:
6344:
6343:
6281:European colonies
6166:
6165:
6088:
6087:
6053:Polish–Lithuanian
5228:Gurjara-Pratihara
4636:978-1-137-37247-5
4606:. Hampshire, UK:
4594:978-1-62963-037-3
4522:978-1-108-42526-1
4499:978-0-674-98732-6
4480:978-1-58367-875-6
4437:978-0-19-929727-6
4409:978-0-7453-4490-4
4362:978-1-000-41177-5
4345:Adhikari, Mohamed
4288:978-0-7006-2607-6
4242:978-1-4529-3317-7
3974:978-0-521-40311-5
3846:978-1-136-82412-8
3775:SAGE Publications
3771:978-0-8039-8694-7
3715:Les Temps Moderne
3655:978-0-932863-78-2
3182:978-0-8070-0040-3
2946:978-0-275-96151-0
2880:978-1-137-30577-0
2804:on 3 January 2006
2738:978-1-52614-398-3
2709:978-0-8248-2579-9
2588:Adhikari, Mohamed
2395:. Vol. 337.
2309:(12): 3012–3029.
2003:Adhikari, Mohamed
1938:. 3 October 2020.
1784:978-1-000-41177-5
1771:Veracini, Lorenzo
1756:978-1-84813-546-8
1491:. Tate A. LeFevre
1400:Sociology Compass
1367:978-0-415-74216-0
1130:
992:national movement
732:Karabakh conflict
692:Treaty of Saginaw
578:colony of Liberia
557:Colony of Liberia
460:Moroccan settlers
437:Moroccan-occupied
411:Moroccan settlers
65:natural resources
6766:
6680:Related concepts
6621:in South America
6529:Austro-Hungarian
6467:Colonial empires
6377:Age of Discovery
6367:Maritime history
6355:
6354:
6219:
6218:
6193:
6186:
6179:
6170:
6169:
5969:
5968:
5634:Austro-Hungarian
5334:Chagatai Khanate
4699:
4692:
4685:
4676:
4675:
4656:
4640:
4621:
4598:
4577:
4566:Elkins, Caroline
4532:Settler Colonies
4526:
4503:
4441:
4413:
4390:
4388:
4386:
4366:
4332:
4330:
4328:
4292:
4259:
4253:
4247:
4246:
4235:. pp. xix.
4222:
4216:
4210:
4204:
4203:
4191:
4185:
4184:
4178:
4173:
4171:
4163:
4161:
4152:
4146:
4143:
4137:
4136:
4131:
4129:
4112:
4106:
4105:
4093:
4087:
4081:
4075:
4074:
4063:10.2307/25605315
4046:
4040:
4039:
4037:
4035:
4020:
4014:
4013:
3985:
3979:
3978:
3954:
3948:
3947:
3927:
3921:
3914:
3908:
3907:
3879:
3870:
3869:
3857:
3851:
3850:
3830:
3824:
3813:
3807:
3801:
3795:
3784:
3778:
3760:
3754:
3753:
3741:
3735:
3728:
3722:
3711:
3705:
3704:
3692:
3686:
3685:
3679:
3670:
3664:
3663:
3639:
3633:
3632:
3630:
3628:
3611:
3605:
3604:
3602:
3600:
3575:
3566:
3565:
3563:
3561:
3536:
3525:
3524:
3496:
3487:
3486:
3484:
3482:
3465:
3456:
3455:
3419:
3413:
3412:
3395:
3379:
3373:
3372:
3330:
3324:
3323:
3291:
3285:
3284:
3268:
3262:
3261:
3249:
3243:
3242:
3218:
3212:
3211:
3204:
3198:
3193:
3187:
3186:
3164:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3148:
3132:
3126:
3125:
3091:
3085:
3066:
3060:
3059:
3057:
3055:
3041:
3032:
3031:
3019:
3013:
3012:
3006:
2997:
2988:
2987:
2957:
2951:
2950:
2928:
2922:
2921:
2891:
2885:
2884:
2862:
2853:
2852:
2841:
2835:
2834:
2820:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2809:
2798:JeuneAfrique.com
2789:
2783:
2782:
2768:
2762:
2761:
2749:
2743:
2742:
2720:
2714:
2713:
2689:
2683:
2682:
2660:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2649:
2614:
2608:
2607:
2590:(25 July 2022).
2584:
2575:
2574:
2572:
2570:
2535:
2529:
2528:
2522:
2514:
2508:
2507:
2495:
2489:
2488:
2476:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2441:
2435:
2434:
2386:
2380:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2340:
2334:
2333:
2331:
2329:
2292:
2286:
2285:
2268:(1/2): 187–228.
2251:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2205:
2199:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2159:
2153:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2103:
2097:
2096:
2086:
2076:
2050:
2044:
2043:
2041:
2039:
1999:
1990:
1989:
1969:
1963:
1962:
1946:
1940:
1939:
1926:
1920:
1914:
1908:
1902:
1893:
1887:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1870:The Conversation
1861:
1855:
1854:
1836:
1807:
1792:
1791:
1767:
1761:
1760:
1740:
1734:
1733:
1697:
1691:
1690:
1654:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1615:
1609:
1603:
1592:
1591:
1581:
1556:(6): 1647–1666.
1543:
1530:
1529:
1519:
1511:
1505:
1504:
1498:
1496:
1480:
1474:
1473:
1445:
1436:
1435:
1397:
1389:
1380:
1379:
1376:
1345:
1334:
1333:
1311:
1301:
1275:
1255:
1232:
1128:
1050:Russian Far East
961:settler colonial
929:Nira Yuval-Davis
912:Lorenzo Veracini
818:Zionist movement
752:Dzungar genocide
716:Nagorno-Karabakh
684:siege of Detroit
631:Manifest destiny
611:Americo-Liberian
594:Thomas Jefferson
567:African American
517:Jan van Riebeeck
431:Since 1975, the
399:Mohamed Adhikari
250:Israel/Palestine
191:Seven Years' War
157:Lorenzo Veracini
6774:
6773:
6769:
6768:
6767:
6765:
6764:
6763:
6739:
6738:
6737:
6728:
6675:
6661:Nation-building
6643:Postcolonialism
6637:
6596:
6469:
6461:
6434:detribalization
6409:Interventionism
6381:
6350:
6340:
6309:
6257:
6210:
6197:
6167:
6162:
6151:American Empire
6136:
6132:African empires
6084:
5967:
5659:Central African
5605:
5423:Romano-Germanic
5009:
4743:Middle Assyrian
4716:
4708:
4703:
4663:
4637:
4618:
4610:. p. 182.
4595:
4568:, eds. (2005).
4562:Pedersen, Susan
4523:
4500:
4438:
4430:. p. 573.
4410:
4384:
4382:
4363:
4340:
4338:Further reading
4335:
4326:
4324:
4289:
4268:
4263:
4262:
4254:
4250:
4243:
4223:
4219:
4211:
4207:
4192:
4188:
4176:
4174:
4165:
4164:
4159:
4153:
4149:
4144:
4140:
4127:
4125:
4113:
4109:
4094:
4090:
4082:
4078:
4047:
4043:
4033:
4031:
4021:
4017:
3986:
3982:
3975:
3955:
3951:
3928:
3924:
3915:
3911:
3880:
3873:
3858:
3854:
3847:
3831:
3827:
3814:
3810:
3802:
3798:
3785:
3781:
3761:
3757:
3742:
3738:
3729:
3725:
3712:
3708:
3693:
3689:
3677:
3675:"The Iron Wall"
3671:
3667:
3656:
3640:
3636:
3626:
3624:
3612:
3608:
3598:
3596:
3576:
3569:
3559:
3557:
3537:
3528:
3497:
3490:
3480:
3478:
3466:
3459:
3420:
3416:
3380:
3376:
3331:
3327:
3292:
3288:
3269:
3265:
3250:
3246:
3239:
3219:
3215:
3206:
3205:
3201:
3194:
3190:
3183:
3165:
3156:
3146:
3144:
3141:Middle East Eye
3134:
3133:
3129:
3092:
3088:
3067:
3063:
3053:
3051:
3043:
3042:
3035:
3020:
3016:
3004:
2998:
2991:
2958:
2954:
2947:
2929:
2925:
2892:
2888:
2881:
2863:
2856:
2843:
2842:
2838:
2821:
2817:
2807:
2805:
2790:
2786:
2769:
2765:
2750:
2746:
2739:
2721:
2717:
2710:
2690:
2686:
2679:
2661:
2657:
2647:
2645:
2615:
2611:
2604:
2585:
2578:
2568:
2566:
2536:
2532:
2520:
2516:
2515:
2511:
2496:
2492:
2477:
2473:
2442:
2438:
2415:
2387:
2383:
2373:
2371:
2341:
2337:
2327:
2325:
2293:
2289:
2252:
2248:
2238:
2236:
2206:
2202:
2192:
2190:
2160:
2156:
2143:
2139:
2104:
2100:
2051:
2047:
2037:
2035:
2000:
1993:
1986:
1970:
1966:
1947:
1943:
1928:
1927:
1923:
1915:
1911:
1903:
1896:
1888:
1884:
1874:
1872:
1862:
1858:
1808:
1795:
1785:
1768:
1764:
1757:
1741:
1737:
1698:
1694:
1655:
1640:
1630:
1628:
1616:
1612:
1604:
1595:
1544:
1533:
1512:
1508:
1494:
1492:
1483:LeFevre, Tate.
1481:
1477:
1446:
1439:
1390:
1383:
1374:
1368:
1346:
1337:
1276:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1258:
1233:
1229:
1224:
1202:
1173:Mahmoud Mamdani
1153:
1121:
1103:
1091:
1081:
1034:
1006:Main articles:
1004:
925:Daiva Stasiulis
905:Maxime Rodinson
856:
848:Main articles:
810:
774:
740:
728:
718:
713:
637:
627:White Americans
621:Main articles:
619:
607:Western culture
580:in 1822 by the
563:
555:Main articles:
553:
497:
485:Main articles:
483:
452:Saguia al-Hamra
442:as part of the
417:
409:Main articles:
407:
363:
357:
344:
330:
234:Generalplan Ost
206:Andaman Islands
183:
174:Mahmood Mamdani
137:
96:
63:to exploit the
17:
12:
11:
5:
6772:
6762:
6761:
6756:
6751:
6734:
6733:
6730:
6729:
6727:
6726:
6721:
6716:
6711:
6706:
6701:
6696:
6689:
6683:
6681:
6677:
6676:
6674:
6673:
6668:
6666:Neocolonialism
6663:
6658:
6653:
6647:
6645:
6639:
6638:
6636:
6635:
6630:
6625:
6624:
6623:
6618:
6606:
6604:
6602:Decolonization
6598:
6597:
6595:
6594:
6589:
6584:
6579:
6574:
6569:
6562:
6561:
6556:
6551:
6546:
6541:
6536:
6531:
6526:
6521:
6514:
6513:
6508:
6503:
6498:
6493:
6488:
6483:
6476:
6474:
6463:
6462:
6460:
6459:
6454:
6448:
6447:
6446:
6441:
6436:
6431:
6426:
6421:
6411:
6406:
6401:
6391:
6389:
6383:
6382:
6380:
6379:
6374:
6363:
6361:
6352:
6346:
6345:
6342:
6341:
6339:
6338:
6333:
6328:
6323:
6317:
6315:
6314:Decolonization
6311:
6310:
6308:
6307:
6302:
6297:
6296:
6295:
6293:Southeast Asia
6285:
6284:
6283:
6273:
6267:
6265:
6259:
6258:
6256:
6255:
6246:
6241:
6236:
6231:
6225:
6223:
6216:
6212:
6211:
6208:neocolonialism
6204:decolonization
6196:
6195:
6188:
6181:
6173:
6164:
6163:
6161:
6160:
6159:
6158:
6153:
6144:
6142:
6138:
6137:
6135:
6134:
6129:
6124:
6119:
6114:
6109:
6108:
6107:
6096:
6094:
6090:
6089:
6086:
6085:
6083:
6082:
6077:
6072:
6067:
6062:
6061:
6060:
6050:
6045:
6040:
6035:
6030:
6025:
6020:
6015:
6010:
6005:
6004:
6003:
5998:
5988:
5983:
5977:
5975:
5966:
5965:
5964:
5963:
5958:
5953:
5948:
5943:
5933:
5928:
5927:
5926:
5916:
5911:
5910:
5909:
5904:
5899:
5889:
5884:
5883:
5882:
5877:
5867:
5866:
5865:
5860:
5855:
5850:
5845:
5835:
5834:
5833:
5828:
5818:
5813:
5808:
5803:
5802:
5801:
5796:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5771:
5770:
5769:
5764:
5754:
5749:
5748:
5747:
5742:
5732:
5731:
5730:
5725:
5715:
5714:
5713:
5708:
5698:
5693:
5692:
5691:
5686:
5681:
5676:
5671:
5661:
5656:
5655:
5654:
5649:
5641:
5636:
5631:
5626:
5621:
5615:
5613:
5607:
5606:
5604:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5587:
5586:
5581:
5576:
5571:
5566:
5561:
5556:
5546:
5541:
5540:
5539:
5534:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5504:
5503:
5502:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5436:
5435:
5430:
5420:
5419:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5364:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5343:
5342:
5341:
5336:
5331:
5326:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5291:
5290:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5264:
5263:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5237:
5236:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5194:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5173:
5168:
5167:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5131:
5130:
5129:
5124:
5114:
5113:
5112:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5087:
5082:
5081:
5080:
5070:
5069:
5068:
5063:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5019:
5017:
5015:Post-classical
5011:
5010:
5008:
5007:
5006:
5005:
4995:
4990:
4989:
4988:
4983:
4973:
4972:
4971:
4961:
4960:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4913:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4887:
4886:
4885:
4880:
4870:
4865:
4864:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4822:
4821:
4816:
4814:Middle Kingdom
4811:
4801:
4796:
4795:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4774:
4773:
4772:
4770:Neo-Babylonian
4767:
4762:
4760:Old Babylonian
4752:
4751:
4750:
4745:
4735:
4730:
4724:
4722:
4710:
4709:
4702:
4701:
4694:
4687:
4679:
4673:
4672:
4662:
4661:External links
4659:
4658:
4657:
4645:Wolfe, Patrick
4641:
4635:
4622:
4616:
4599:
4593:
4578:
4558:
4548:
4527:
4521:
4504:
4498:
4483:
4465:
4457:, 2018. 243p.
4442:
4436:
4414:
4408:
4391:
4367:
4361:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4333:
4308:(2): 313–333.
4293:
4287:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4261:
4260:
4248:
4241:
4217:
4205:
4186:
4177:|journal=
4147:
4138:
4121:(PhD thesis).
4107:
4088:
4076:
4057:(2): 265–279.
4051:Anthropologica
4041:
4015:
3980:
3973:
3949:
3938:(2): 210–232.
3922:
3918:Israel Studies
3909:
3890:(4): 872–884.
3884:Israel Affairs
3871:
3852:
3845:
3825:
3823:, 5 April 2017
3808:
3796:
3779:
3773:, August 1995
3755:
3736:
3723:
3706:
3687:
3665:
3654:
3634:
3606:
3567:
3526:
3507:(4): 872–884.
3501:Israel Affairs
3488:
3457:
3414:
3374:
3347:(3): 593–616.
3325:
3286:
3263:
3244:
3238:978-0367437169
3237:
3213:
3199:
3188:
3181:
3154:
3127:
3108:(2): 217–236.
3086:
3061:
3033:
3014:
2989:
2952:
2945:
2939:. p. 52.
2923:
2904:(4): 932–963.
2886:
2879:
2854:
2849:United Nations
2836:
2815:
2784:
2763:
2744:
2737:
2715:
2708:
2684:
2677:
2655:
2609:
2603:978-1647920548
2602:
2576:
2550:(4): 567–583.
2530:
2509:
2490:
2471:
2436:
2414:978-0674492028
2413:
2381:
2355:(3): 521–547.
2335:
2287:
2246:
2200:
2174:(3): 340–353.
2154:
2137:
2098:
2067:(2): 115–130.
2045:
1991:
1984:
1964:
1941:
1921:
1909:
1907:, p. 253.
1894:
1882:
1856:
1827:(4): 387–409.
1811:Wolfe, Patrick
1793:
1783:
1762:
1755:
1735:
1708:(3): 629–642.
1692:
1665:(2): 290–296.
1638:
1610:
1593:
1531:
1506:
1475:
1456:(1): 125–144.
1437:
1381:
1366:
1335:
1266:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1226:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1201:
1198:
1152:
1149:
1102:
1099:
1080:
1077:
1073:Crimean Tatars
1003:
1000:
809:
806:
739:
736:
717:
714:
712:
709:
661:Trail of Tears
618:
615:
586:White American
552:
549:
482:
479:
456:Spanish Sahara
454:in the former
440:Western Sahara
406:
403:
356:
355:Canary Islands
353:
329:
326:
230:French Algeria
222:Canary Islands
182:
179:
136:
133:
95:
92:
73:decolonisation
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6771:
6760:
6757:
6755:
6752:
6750:
6747:
6746:
6744:
6725:
6722:
6720:
6717:
6715:
6712:
6710:
6707:
6705:
6702:
6700:
6697:
6695:
6694:
6693:Terra nullius
6690:
6688:
6685:
6684:
6682:
6678:
6672:
6669:
6667:
6664:
6662:
6659:
6657:
6654:
6652:
6649:
6648:
6646:
6644:
6640:
6634:
6631:
6629:
6626:
6622:
6619:
6617:
6614:
6613:
6611:
6608:
6607:
6605:
6603:
6599:
6593:
6592:South African
6590:
6588:
6585:
6583:
6580:
6578:
6575:
6573:
6570:
6568:
6564:
6563:
6560:
6557:
6555:
6552:
6550:
6547:
6545:
6542:
6540:
6537:
6535:
6532:
6530:
6527:
6525:
6522:
6520:
6516:
6515:
6512:
6509:
6507:
6504:
6502:
6499:
6497:
6494:
6492:
6489:
6487:
6484:
6482:
6478:
6477:
6475:
6473:
6468:
6464:
6458:
6455:
6453:
6449:
6445:
6442:
6440:
6437:
6435:
6432:
6430:
6427:
6425:
6422:
6420:
6417:
6416:
6415:
6412:
6410:
6407:
6405:
6402:
6400:
6396:
6393:
6392:
6390:
6388:
6384:
6378:
6375:
6372:
6368:
6365:
6364:
6362:
6360:
6356:
6353:
6347:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6322:
6319:
6318:
6316:
6312:
6306:
6303:
6301:
6298:
6294:
6291:
6290:
6289:
6286:
6282:
6279:
6278:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6269:
6268:
6266:
6264:
6260:
6254:
6250:
6247:
6245:
6242:
6240:
6237:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6227:
6226:
6224:
6220:
6217:
6213:
6209:
6205:
6201:
6194:
6189:
6187:
6182:
6180:
6175:
6174:
6171:
6157:
6156:Soviet empire
6154:
6152:
6149:
6148:
6146:
6145:
6143:
6141:Miscellaneous
6139:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6106:
6103:
6102:
6101:
6098:
6097:
6095:
6091:
6081:
6078:
6076:
6073:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6063:
6059:
6056:
6055:
6054:
6051:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5993:
5992:
5989:
5987:
5984:
5982:
5979:
5978:
5976:
5974:
5970:
5962:
5959:
5957:
5954:
5952:
5949:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5938:
5937:
5934:
5932:
5929:
5925:
5922:
5921:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5912:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5895:
5894:
5893:
5890:
5888:
5885:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5873:
5872:
5871:
5868:
5864:
5861:
5859:
5856:
5854:
5851:
5849:
5846:
5844:
5841:
5840:
5839:
5836:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5823:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5804:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5777:
5776:
5775:
5772:
5768:
5765:
5763:
5760:
5759:
5758:
5755:
5753:
5750:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5740:German Empire
5738:
5737:
5736:
5733:
5729:
5726:
5724:
5721:
5720:
5719:
5716:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5704:
5703:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5690:
5687:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5677:
5675:
5672:
5670:
5667:
5666:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5644:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5622:
5620:
5617:
5616:
5614:
5612:
5608:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5585:
5582:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5572:
5570:
5567:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5557:
5555:
5552:
5551:
5550:
5547:
5545:
5542:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5509:
5508:
5505:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5482:
5481:
5480:Turco-Persian
5478:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5425:
5424:
5421:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5388:
5387:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5348:
5347:
5344:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5321:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5269:
5268:
5265:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5242:
5241:
5238:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5220:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5178:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5136:
5135:
5132:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5119:
5118:
5115:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5092:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5079:
5076:
5075:
5074:
5071:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5058:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5020:
5018:
5016:
5012:
5004:
5001:
5000:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4978:
4977:
4974:
4970:
4967:
4966:
4965:
4962:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4929:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4892:
4891:
4888:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4875:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4838:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4806:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4779:
4778:
4775:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4757:
4756:
4753:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4740:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4715:
4711:
4707:
4700:
4695:
4693:
4688:
4686:
4681:
4680:
4677:
4671:
4670:
4665:
4664:
4654:
4650:
4646:
4642:
4638:
4632:
4628:
4623:
4619:
4617:9780230284906
4613:
4609:
4605:
4600:
4596:
4590:
4586:
4585:
4579:
4575:
4571:
4567:
4563:
4559:
4556:
4553:
4549:
4546:
4542:
4538:
4534:
4533:
4528:
4524:
4518:
4514:
4510:
4505:
4501:
4495:
4491:
4490:
4484:
4481:
4477:
4473:
4469:
4468:Horne, Gerald
4466:
4464:
4463:9781583676639
4460:
4456:
4452:
4451:
4446:
4445:Horne, Gerald
4443:
4439:
4433:
4429:
4425:
4424:
4419:
4418:Belich, James
4415:
4411:
4405:
4401:
4397:
4392:
4381:
4377:
4373:
4370:Cox, Alicia.
4368:
4364:
4358:
4354:
4350:
4346:
4342:
4341:
4323:
4319:
4315:
4311:
4307:
4303:
4299:
4294:
4290:
4284:
4280:
4276:
4271:
4270:
4257:
4252:
4244:
4238:
4234:
4230:
4229:
4221:
4215:, p. 44.
4214:
4213:Veracini 2015
4209:
4201:
4197:
4190:
4182:
4169:
4158:
4151:
4142:
4135:
4124:
4120:
4119:
4111:
4103:
4099:
4092:
4085:
4084:Veracini 2013
4080:
4072:
4068:
4064:
4060:
4056:
4052:
4045:
4030:
4026:
4019:
4011:
4007:
4003:
3999:
3995:
3991:
3984:
3976:
3970:
3966:
3962:
3961:
3953:
3945:
3941:
3937:
3933:
3926:
3919:
3913:
3905:
3901:
3897:
3893:
3889:
3885:
3878:
3876:
3867:
3863:
3856:
3848:
3842:
3838:
3837:
3829:
3822:
3818:
3812:
3805:
3800:
3793:
3789:
3783:
3776:
3772:
3768:
3764:
3759:
3751:
3747:
3740:
3733:
3727:
3720:
3716:
3710:
3702:
3698:
3691:
3684:
3676:
3669:
3662:
3657:
3651:
3647:
3646:
3638:
3623:
3622:
3617:
3610:
3595:
3591:
3587:
3586:
3581:
3574:
3572:
3556:
3552:
3548:
3547:
3542:
3535:
3533:
3531:
3522:
3518:
3514:
3510:
3506:
3502:
3495:
3493:
3477:
3476:
3471:
3464:
3462:
3453:
3449:
3445:
3441:
3437:
3433:
3429:
3425:
3418:
3411:
3407:
3403:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3385:
3378:
3370:
3366:
3362:
3358:
3354:
3350:
3346:
3342:
3341:
3336:
3329:
3321:
3317:
3313:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3290:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3267:
3260:. p. 44.
3259:
3255:
3248:
3240:
3234:
3230:
3226:
3225:
3217:
3209:
3203:
3197:
3192:
3184:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3163:
3161:
3159:
3143:
3142:
3137:
3131:
3123:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3104:(in French).
3103:
3102:
3097:
3090:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3065:
3050:
3046:
3040:
3038:
3029:
3025:
3018:
3010:
3003:
2996:
2994:
2985:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2965:
2964:
2956:
2948:
2942:
2938:
2934:
2927:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2898:
2890:
2882:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2861:
2859:
2850:
2846:
2840:
2832:
2831:
2826:
2819:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2788:
2780:
2776:
2775:
2767:
2759:
2755:
2748:
2740:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2719:
2711:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2696:
2688:
2680:
2678:9781000788884
2674:
2670:
2666:
2659:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2613:
2605:
2599:
2595:
2594:
2589:
2583:
2581:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2534:
2527:. April 2002.
2526:
2519:
2513:
2505:
2501:
2494:
2486:
2482:
2475:
2466:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2452:
2447:
2440:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2393:
2385:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2339:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2303:
2298:
2291:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2262:
2257:
2250:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2204:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2158:
2151:
2147:
2141:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2102:
2094:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2061:
2056:
2049:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2013:
2008:
2004:
1998:
1996:
1987:
1985:9780826362087
1981:
1977:
1976:
1968:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1945:
1937:
1936:
1931:
1925:
1919:, p. 35.
1918:
1917:Veracini 2015
1913:
1906:
1901:
1899:
1892:, p. 40.
1891:
1890:Veracini 2015
1886:
1871:
1867:
1860:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1821:
1816:
1812:
1806:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1790:
1786:
1780:
1777:. Routledge.
1776:
1772:
1766:
1758:
1752:
1748:
1747:
1739:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1696:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1653:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1627:
1626:
1621:
1614:
1607:
1606:Veracini 2013
1602:
1600:
1598:
1589:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1550:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1527:
1523:
1518:
1510:
1503:
1490:
1486:
1479:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1444:
1442:
1434:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1396:
1388:
1386:
1378:
1369:
1363:
1360:. p. 4.
1359:
1355:
1351:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1332:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1286:
1281:
1274:
1272:
1267:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1231:
1227:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1203:
1197:
1195:
1194:
1188:
1186:
1182:
1179:According to
1177:
1174:
1169:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1148:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1125:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1098:
1096:
1090:
1086:
1085:Han Taiwanese
1076:
1074:
1070:
1065:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1038:
1033:
1029:
1028:Russification
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
999:
997:
996:Jewish people
993:
989:
985:
981:
980:S. Ilan Troen
976:
974:
969:
968:Patrick Wolfe
964:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
933:Joseph Massad
930:
926:
922:
917:
913:
910:
906:
901:
899:
895:
894:Theodor Herzl
891:
887:
883:
878:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
855:
851:
843:
839:
835:
834:Patrick Wolfe
831:
827:
823:
819:
814:
805:
803:
799:
795:
791:
783:
778:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
735:
733:
727:
723:
708:
705:
701:
695:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
664:
662:
652:
645:
641:
636:
632:
628:
624:
617:United States
614:
612:
608:
604:
603:minority rule
599:
598:James Madison
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
574:
572:
568:
562:
558:
548:
546:
542:
537:
535:
531:
527:
523:
518:
513:
505:
501:
496:
492:
488:
478:
476:
472:
468:
463:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
438:
434:
426:
421:
416:
412:
402:
400:
396:
395:Spanish crown
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
371:conquistadors
368:
362:
348:
343:
339:
335:
325:
323:
319:
318:South Vietnam
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
290:North America
287:
283:
279:
275:
274:Latin America
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
254:Italian Libya
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
218:British Kenya
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
198:New Caledonia
192:
187:
178:
175:
170:
167:
165:
160:
158:
154:
150:
145:
143:
132:
130:
129:Donald Denoon
126:
125:
120:
119:
114:
109:
108:Patrick Wolfe
105:
101:
91:
89:
85:
81:
76:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
45:
43:
39:
35:
28:
23:
19:
6691:
6651:Independence
6438:
6387:Colonization
6263:Colonization
6253:World oceans
6200:Colonization
5907:Contemporary
5757:Indo-Persian
5745:Nazi Germany
5689:Contemporary
5591:Vijayanagara
5490:Great Seljuk
5401:Thessalonica
5329:Golden Horde
4969:Carthaginian
4748:Neo-Assyrian
4733:Neo-Sumerian
4668:
4648:
4629:. Springer.
4626:
4603:
4587:. PM Press.
4582:
4569:
4557:37.2: 23–34.
4551:
4531:
4508:
4487:
4471:
4448:
4422:
4395:
4383:. Retrieved
4375:
4348:
4325:. Retrieved
4305:
4301:
4274:
4258:, p. 1.
4251:
4227:
4220:
4208:
4199:
4195:
4189:
4168:cite journal
4150:
4141:
4133:
4126:. Retrieved
4117:
4110:
4101:
4091:
4079:
4054:
4050:
4044:
4032:. Retrieved
4028:
4018:
4010:j.ctt1w0dbpp
3989:
3983:
3959:
3952:
3935:
3931:
3925:
3917:
3912:
3887:
3883:
3865:
3855:
3835:
3828:
3811:
3799:
3782:
3758:
3745:
3739:
3726:
3718:
3714:
3709:
3696:
3690:
3681:
3668:
3659:
3644:
3637:
3625:. Retrieved
3619:
3609:
3597:. Retrieved
3583:
3558:. Retrieved
3544:
3504:
3500:
3479:. Retrieved
3475:The Atlantic
3473:
3427:
3423:
3417:
3383:
3377:
3344:
3340:Modern China
3338:
3328:
3303:
3299:
3289:
3272:
3266:
3253:
3247:
3223:
3216:
3202:
3191:
3173:Beacon Press
3168:
3145:. Retrieved
3139:
3130:
3105:
3099:
3089:
3081:
3073:
3064:
3052:. Retrieved
3048:
3027:
3017:
3008:
2967:
2961:
2955:
2932:
2926:
2901:
2895:
2889:
2866:
2839:
2830:The Guardian
2828:
2818:
2806:. Retrieved
2802:the original
2797:
2787:
2773:
2766:
2757:
2747:
2724:
2718:
2694:
2687:
2664:
2658:
2646:. Retrieved
2629:(1): 30–38.
2626:
2622:
2612:
2592:
2567:. Retrieved
2547:
2543:
2533:
2512:
2493:
2474:
2455:
2449:
2439:
2423:j.ctt1x07x37
2391:
2384:
2372:. Retrieved
2352:
2348:
2338:
2326:. Retrieved
2306:
2300:
2290:
2265:
2259:
2249:
2237:. Retrieved
2217:
2213:
2203:
2191:. Retrieved
2171:
2167:
2157:
2145:
2140:
2118:(4/1): 8–9.
2115:
2111:
2101:
2064:
2058:
2048:
2036:. Retrieved
2016:
2010:
1974:
1967:
1944:
1933:
1924:
1912:
1905:Mamdani 2020
1885:
1873:. Retrieved
1869:
1859:
1824:
1818:
1788:
1774:
1765:
1745:
1738:
1705:
1701:
1695:
1662:
1658:
1629:. Retrieved
1623:
1613:
1579:1887/3220822
1553:
1547:
1525:
1521:
1509:
1500:
1493:. Retrieved
1488:
1478:
1453:
1449:
1431:
1403:
1399:
1371:
1353:
1329:
1289:
1283:
1252:South Africa
1230:
1191:
1190:In his book
1189:
1184:
1178:
1170:
1154:
1134:
1092:
1069:Soviet Union
1066:
1060:, while the
1043:
977:
965:
953:Palestinians
919:through an "
908:
902:
898:Cecil Rhodes
879:
857:
787:
782:Qing dynasty
748:Sinicization
729:
704:Adolf Hitler
696:
665:
657:
575:
564:
538:
522:Commonwealth
509:
481:South Africa
464:
430:
375:Macaronesian
364:
314:South Africa
298:West Prussia
195:
171:
168:
161:
146:
138:
122:
116:
113:Fayez Sayegh
97:
77:
46:
36:occurs when
33:
32:
18:
6549:New Zealand
6414:Colonialism
6399:Imperialism
6359:Exploration
6222:Exploration
5495:Khwarezmian
5428:Carolingian
5233:Rashtrakuta
4937:Shaishunaga
4836:Hellenistic
4819:New Kingdom
4809:Old Kingdom
4653:Verso Books
4400:Pluto Press
4266:Works cited
3821:Antiwar.com
3750:Pluto Press
3683:population.
3430:(1): 9–19.
3306:(1): 5–34.
2970:: 211–214.
2019:(1): 1–26.
1522:Borderlands
1309:1885/204080
1292:(1): 1–20.
955:during the
871:anti-Israel
798:Han Chinese
448:Green March
425:Green March
415:Green March
282:New Zealand
258:East Africa
100:colonialism
88:New Zealand
6743:Categories
6699:Plantation
6524:Australian
6506:Portuguese
6472:modern era
6419:chronology
6305:Antarctica
6249:Antarctica
6065:Portuguese
5946:Revival Le
5936:Vietnamese
5579:Later Tran
5549:Vietnamese
5445:Singhasari
5433:Holy Roman
5057:Bulgarian
4993:Satavahana
4964:Phoenician
4900:Achaemenid
4861:Indo-Greek
4841:Macedonian
4755:Babylonian
4426:. Oxford:
4385:21 January
3748:. London:
3701:De Gruyter
3171:. Boston:
2777:(Thesis).
2084:1893/25105
1935:Al Jazeera
1495:19 October
1262:References
1165:Antiracism
1105:See also:
963:context.
939:describes
937:Ilan Pappé
914:describes
742:See also:
668:Pan-Indian
487:Afrikaners
332:See also:
38:colonizers
6616:in Europe
6554:Norwegian
6457:Dependent
6450:Current:
6395:Antiquity
6215:By region
6058:Couronian
5696:Ethiopian
5684:Manchukuo
5639:Brazilian
5485:Ghaznavid
5455:Srivijaya
5406:Trebizond
5391:Byzantine
5373:North Sea
5368:Norwegian
5356:Almoravid
5339:Ilkhanate
5309:Majapahit
5282:Muromachi
5191:Solomonic
5176:Ethiopian
5090:Caliphate
5023:Aragonese
4851:Ptolemaic
4574:Routledge
4539:, Mainz:
4353:Routledge
4322:159666130
4256:Dahl 2018
3904:216148316
3788:Routledge
3594:0362-4331
3555:0362-4331
3521:216148316
3452:233974395
3444:1875-9858
3402:1556-5068
3369:233620981
3361:0097-7004
3320:2667-0038
3229:Routledge
3122:0008-3968
2984:144750398
2918:152735090
2643:246652960
2564:159707103
2458:: 69–79.
2431:259606289
2369:197847093
2323:244607271
2234:165512037
2188:164009698
2150:Routledge
2124:1532-2874
2093:151527670
2033:165086773
1875:14 August
1851:143873621
1843:1462-3528
1730:0066-4812
1687:233986432
1679:1368-8790
1588:225643194
1470:2150-6779
1428:225377069
1420:1751-9020
1358:Routledge
1326:214046615
1318:1368-8790
1181:Chickasaw
1151:Responses
1101:Australia
900:in 1902.
830:West Bank
822:Palestine
545:Afrikaner
541:Apartheid
495:Apartheid
387:Lanzarote
338:Pied-Noir
270:Manchukuo
214:Australia
210:Argentina
149:genocidal
84:Australia
49:exogenous
6577:Japanese
6567:American
6519:American
6371:European
6321:Americas
6271:Americas
6229:Americas
6038:Japanese
6001:Scottish
5981:American
5973:Colonial
5902:Imperial
5870:Moroccan
5806:Japanese
5784:Afsharid
5643:Burmese
5629:Austrian
5584:Later Le
5559:Early Le
5544:Venetian
5470:Tiwanaku
5383:Hellenic
5346:Moroccan
5277:Kamakura
5267:Japanese
5250:Saffarid
5203:Georgian
5117:Chalukya
5095:Rashidun
5085:Calakmul
5053:Bruneian
4932:Haryanka
4910:Sasanian
4905:Parthian
4856:Bactrian
4846:Seleucid
4826:Goguryeo
4804:Egyptian
4738:Assyrian
4728:Akkadian
4719:Colonies
4647:(2016).
4420:(2009).
4347:(2021).
4071:25605315
3944:41050526
3275:: 1–22.
2808:21 April
2648:30 April
2282:24675261
2132:41555279
1813:(2006).
1702:Antipode
1631:28 April
1549:Antipode
1200:See also
1185:arrivant
1062:Cossacks
1048:and the
951:against
865:and the
790:Xinjiang
784:of China
391:Tenerife
306:Rhodesia
242:Hokkaido
181:Examples
153:genocide
42:settlers
6704:Settler
6587:Russian
6582:Ottoman
6572:Chinese
6559:Swedish
6534:Belgian
6511:Spanish
6501:Italian
6481:British
6470:in the
6429:empires
6424:history
6349:General
6336:Oceania
6300:Oceania
6244:Oceania
6105:largest
6100:Empires
6080:Swedish
6075:Spanish
6070:Russian
6033:Italian
6008:Chinese
5996:English
5991:British
5986:Belgian
5961:Vietnam
5951:Tay son
5897:Tsarist
5892:Russian
5887:Ottoman
5853:Dzungar
5848:Khoshut
5821:Mexican
5816:Maratha
5799:Pahlavi
5779:Safavid
5774:Iranian
5701:Haitian
5664:Chinese
5624:Ashanti
5596:Wagadou
5522:Eastern
5517:Western
5500:Timurid
5460:Tibetan
5450:Songhai
5440:Serbian
5361:Almohad
5351:Idrisid
5255:Samanid
5245:Tahirid
5240:Iranian
5218:Kannauj
5198:Genoese
5134:Chinese
5127:Eastern
5122:Western
5110:Fatimid
5105:Abbasid
5100:Umayyad
5073:Burmese
5033:Ayyubid
5028:Angevin
4998:Xianbei
4986:Eastern
4981:Western
4927:Magadha
4890:Iranian
4883:Xiongnu
4868:Hittite
4777:Chinese
4765:Kassite
4714:Ancient
4706:Empires
4034:3 April
3815:Video:
3410:3965577
2937:Praeger
1959:3601528
1710:Bibcode
1558:Bibcode
1054:Siberia
1046:Siberia
994:of the
941:Zionism
882:Zionism
859:Zionism
840:as the
682:or the
571:Western
551:Liberia
427:in 1975
405:Morocco
383:Guanche
379:Morocco
278:Liberia
262:Kashmir
246:Ireland
6544:Danish
6496:German
6491:French
6351:topics
6326:Africa
6276:Africa
6234:Africa
6206:, and
6043:Mongol
6028:German
6023:French
6013:Danish
5956:Dainam
5931:Tongan
5919:Somali
5914:Sokoto
5880:'Alawi
5858:Kalmyk
5838:Mongol
5831:Second
5811:Korean
5762:Mughal
5752:Indian
5735:German
5728:Second
5718:French
5711:Second
5647:Second
5619:Afghan
5611:Modern
5537:Kyrgyz
5532:Uighur
5527:Second
5507:Turkic
5475:Toltec
5411:Epirus
5396:Nicaea
5319:Mongol
5272:Yamato
5208:Huetar
5066:Second
5003:Rouran
4952:Shunga
4947:Maurya
4922:Kushan
4895:Median
4873:Hunnic
4831:Harsha
4633:
4614:
4591:
4519:
4496:
4478:
4461:
4434:
4406:
4359:
4320:
4285:
4239:
4128:20 May
4069:
4008:
3971:
3942:
3902:
3843:
3769:
3652:
3627:7 July
3599:7 July
3592:
3560:7 July
3553:
3519:
3481:22 May
3450:
3442:
3408:
3400:
3367:
3359:
3318:
3235:
3179:
3147:24 May
3120:
3054:24 May
2982:
2943:
2916:
2877:
2735:
2706:
2675:
2641:
2600:
2562:
2429:
2421:
2411:
2367:
2321:
2280:
2232:
2186:
2130:
2122:
2091:
2031:
1982:
1957:
1849:
1841:
1781:
1753:
1728:
1685:
1677:
1586:
1468:
1426:
1418:
1375:
1364:
1324:
1316:
1248:Norway
1244:Canada
1238:, and
1143:, the
1117:, and
1095:Taiwan
1079:Taiwan
1030:, and
931:, and
916:Israel
838:Israel
808:Israel
770:, and
633:, and
493:, and
340:, and
328:Africa
322:Taiwan
320:, and
238:Hawaii
220:, the
204:, the
6486:Dutch
6093:Lists
6048:Omani
6018:Dutch
5924:Isaaq
5875:Saadi
5843:Oirat
5826:First
5794:Qajar
5723:First
5706:First
5679:China
5652:Third
5512:First
5465:Tikal
5416:Morea
5386:Roman
5304:Latin
5299:Khmer
5294:Kanem
5260:Buyid
5186:Zagwe
5181:Aksum
5171:Chola
5078:First
5061:First
5048:Bornu
5043:Benin
5038:Aztec
4976:Roman
4957:Gupta
4942:Nanda
4878:White
4327:7 May
4318:S2CID
4160:(PDF)
4104:(16).
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