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652:. There are four petals in each antenna, providing two analogue outputs. With 256 antennas per reflector and the total of four reflectors, the telescope has the combined 2,048 analogue outputs to be processed. Signal from the antennas are amplified in two stages that make use of technology developed by the cell-phone industry. This allows CHIME to keep the analogue chain at relatively low noise while still being affordable. Each radio frequency output from the antennas is amplified by a
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743:
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604:(DESI), will continue using this technique, CHIME is a pioneer in using the radio emission of hydrogen rather than the starlight as a tracer of structure for detecting BAO. Although CHIME cannot be used for the same auxiliary science that galaxy surveys excel at, for BAO measurement CHIME represents a very cost-effective alternative as individual galaxies do not need to be observed.
668:(GPU). The Pathfinder has a fully functional correlator made from these units, and has demonstrated that consumer-grade GPU technology provides sufficient processing power for CHIME at a fraction of the price of other radio correlators. There are two F-engine containers located between two adjacent reflectors. Inside the F-engine containers, the analogue signals are
680:
of 13.11 terabits per second. The digital data is processed by the FPGA-based F-engines to organize into frequency bins. The data is then sent over optical cables to the X-engine container located next to the telescope. X-engine, which has 256 processing nodes with GPUs, performs the correlating and
576:
of 0.8 and 2.5, when the
Universe was between about 2.5 and 7 billion years old. CHIME will thus map over 3% of the total observable volume of the Universe, substantially more than has been achieved by large-scale structure surveys to date, during an epoch when the Universe is largely unobserved.
493:
that counteracts gravity's attractive force and causes this acceleration. Very little is known about what dark energy is. CHIME is in the process of making precise measurements of the acceleration of the
Universe to improve the knowledge of how dark energy behaves. The experiment is designed to
659:
CHIME is operated as a correlator, meaning that the inputs from all the antennas are combined so that the entire system operates as one system. This requires considerable computing power. The analogue signals are digitised at 800 MHz and processed using a combination of custom-built
620:
in Italy. This design was chosen for CHIME as a cost-effective way of arranging close-packed radio antennas so that the telescope can observe the sky at a wide range of angular scales. Using multiple, parallel semi-cylinders gives comparable resolution along both axes of the telescope.
681:
averaging of the F-engine data. An advantage of using GPUs in the X-engine design is the ease of programming. However, that comes with the cost of higher power consumption when compared to an FPGA solution. The telescope consumes 250 kilowatts of power.
770:
semi-cylinders populated by 128 dual-polarization antennas, and is currently being used as a testbed for CHIME technology and observing techniques. Additionally, the
Pathfinder will also be capable of making an initial measurement of the
863:
839:
A key milestone was the detection FRB 200428 on 2020-04-28 which was the first FRB for which emissions other than radio waves have been detected, the first to be found in the Milky Way, and the first to be associated with a magnetar.
532:
and other radio transients; a specialised instrument was developed for these science objectives. The telescope monitors 10 pulsars at a time around the clock to watch for variation in their time-keeping that might indicate a passing
1768:
K. Vanderlinde; K. Bandura; L. Belostotski; R. Bond; P. Boyle; J. Brown; H. C. Chiang; M. Dobbs; B. Gaensler; G. Hinshaw; V. Kaspi; T. Landecker; A. Liu; K. Masui; J. Mena-Parra; C. Ng; U. Pen; M. Rupen; J. Sievers; K. Smith;
799:. In November 2015, CHIME was reported to be "nearly operational", requiring the installation of receivers, and construction of the super-computer. In March 2016 the contract for the processing chips was placed.
824:
One of the early discoveries of the CHIME/Fast Radio Burst
Project (CHIME/FRB) was the second repeating FRB to be observed, FRB 180814. CHIME/FRB also discovered the first FRB that repeats at regular intervals:
1376:
Amiri, Mandana; Andersen, Bridget C.; Bandura, Kevin; Berger, Sabrina; Bhardwaj, Mohit; Boyce, Michelle M.; Boyle, P. J.; Brar, Charanjot; Breitman, Daniela; Cassanelli, Tomas; Chawla, Pragya (2021-12-01).
656:
which is co-located. The outputs from the amplifiers travels through coaxial cables at the length of 60 metres (200 ft) to the processors inside shielded containers called F-engines.
2527:
581:(BAO), have left slight overdensities in the distribution of matter on scales of about 500 million light-years. This characteristic BAO scale has been well-measured by experiments like
564:
emitted by clouds of neutral hydrogen in distant galaxies, and is sensitive to the red shifted waves. By measuring the distribution of the hydrogen in the
Universe—a technique known as
690:
352:
612:
The choice to use a few elongated reflectors rather than many circular dishes is unusual but not original to CHIME: other examples of semi-cylindrical telescopes are the
714:
2185:
726:
2077:
702:
435:
857:
1445:
1476:
762:
FRBs observed by CHIME in
Galactic coordinates with locations of 474 nonrepeating and 18 repeating (62 bursts) sources from 28 August 2018 to 1 July 2019
1675:
81:
1773:; I. Stairs; N. Turok; et al. (The CHORD Collaboration) (5 Nov 2019). "The Canadian Hydrogen Observatory and Radio-transient Detector (CHORD)".
1538:
587:
and can therefore be used as a 'standard ruler' to determine the size of the
Universe as a function of time, thereby indicating the expansion rate.
2886:
1119:"Repeating Fast Radio Bursts Ring Canada's CHIME: FPGAs, GPUs, and CPUs Sift Through the Universe's Electromagnetic Spectrum to Make the Discovery"
1057:
Seo, Hee-Jong; Eisenstein, Daniel J. (2003). "Probing Dark Energy with
Baryonic Acoustic Oscillations from Future Large Galaxy Redshift Surveys".
766:
In 2013, the CHIME Pathfinder telescope was built, also at DRAO. It is a smaller-scale version of the full instrument, consisting of two, 36 x 20
498:
model predicts that dark energy began to dominate the energy density of the
Universe and when decelerated expansion transitioned to acceleration.
320:
1959:
501:
CHIME will make other observations in addition to its main, cosmological purpose. CHIME's daily survey of the sky will enable study of our own
1753:
2165:
549:
The instrument is a hybrid semi-cylindrical interferometer designed to measure the large scale neutral hydrogen power spectrum across the
577:
Maps of large-scale structure can be used to measure the expansion history of the
Universe because sound waves in the early Universe, or
2100:
617:
2881:
1866:
64:
2805:
2556:
2279:
2116:
1522:
784:
624:
The antennas are custom-designed for CHIME to have good response in the 400 to 800 MHz range in two linear polarisations. The
613:
465:
387:
121:
42:
1838:
1334:
1287:
1240:
1511:
1697:
1182:
Bandura, Kevin; et al. (2016). "ICE: a scalable, low-cost FPGA-based telescope signal processing and networking system".
2517:
2239:
1360:
1313:
1266:
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has a periodicity of 16.35 days. At a distance of only 500 million light years, it is also the closest FRB ever discovered.
590:
BAO measurements to date have been made by observing the distribution of galaxies on the sky. While future experiments, like
557:(BAO) scale across this redshift range where dark energy becomes a significant contributor to the evolution of the Universe.
2493:
2387:
601:
2871:
2485:
2319:
461:
414:) with 1024 dual-polarization radio receivers suspended on a support above them. The antenna receives radio waves from
2155:
1977:
1920:
1118:
821:
The science operations commenced in late September 2018, and began to detect several events within its first week.
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2716:
2085:
1987:
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2209:
1914:
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2309:
2145:
661:
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129:
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are built with components adapted from the cellphone industry and its data are processed using a custom-built
1995:
1859:
807:
2759:
2437:
2337:
1594:
772:
578:
28:
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2537:
2445:
2259:
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1910:
673:
554:
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2011:
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at operational sampling rate of 800 million samples per second. The result is the telescope's digital
512:
CHIME will also help other experiments to calibrate measurements of radio waves from rapidly spinning
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2299:
2219:
1936:
1926:
1059:
665:
486:
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cluster. The telescope has no moving parts and observes half of the sky each day as the Earth turns.
236:
843:
In 2022, funding was decided for construction of three outrigger sites to localise the FRB sources.
199:
139:
48:
2840:
2509:
2477:
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1941:
1852:
852:
506:
221:
1575:
2749:
2739:
2203:
2069:
803:
469:
191:
1611:
The CHIME/FRB Collaboration (9 January 2019). "A second source of repeating fast radio bursts".
1335:
IEEE 26th International Conference on Application-Specific Systems, Architectures and Processors
1288:
IEEE 26th International Conference on Application-Specific Systems, Architectures and Processors
1241:
IEEE 26th International Conference on Application-Specific Systems, Architectures and Processors
775:(BAO) with the intensity mapping technique and will become a useful telescope in its own right.
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2347:
649:
645:
591:
826:
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860:(HIRAX), a proposed radio telescope array in South Africa in the same frequency band as CHIME
750:
629:
457:
133:
2822:
2611:
2469:
2027:
2003:
1792:
1712:
1632:
1400:
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1301:
1254:
1201:
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903:
541:(FRBs) that last just milliseconds and have no well established astrophysical explanation.
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153:
8:
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110:
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1217:
1191:
1154:
1094:
1068:
1039:
978:
940:
832:
CHIME is so sensitive it was expected to eventually detect dozens of FRBs per day. The
534:
1237:
An Efficient Real-time Data Pipeline for the CHIME Pathfinder Radio Telescope X-Engine
2800:
2646:
1969:
1812:
1770:
1740:
1728:
1660:
1648:
1430:
1418:
1356:
1309:
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921:
583:
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453:
125:
1098:
1043:
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2019:
1800:
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1408:
1209:
1164:
1086:
1023:
988:
911:
894:
792:
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is accelerating. About seventy percent of the Universe today consists of so-called
442:
391:
215:
68:
1027:
2711:
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1900:
1875:
677:
399:
383:
211:
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1724:
1595:
radio telescope records mysterious low-frequency bursts from outside our galaxy
1413:
1378:
380:
60:
1644:
1213:
939:
Andreas Albrecht; et al. (2006). "Report of the Dark Energy Task Force".
2865:
2706:
2661:
2636:
1767:
1676:"Something in Deep Space Is Sending Signals to Earth in Steady 16-Day Cycles"
1422:
810:
561:
513:
505:
galaxy in radio frequencies, and is expected to improve the understanding of
472:
ceremony was held on 7 September 2017 to inaugurate the commissioning phase.
96:
83:
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1904:
1804:
1732:
1652:
1035:
925:
361:
2810:
2701:
2696:
2626:
1073:
945:
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The CHIME Pathfinder telescope, a prototype for the full CHIME telescope.
490:
1168:
992:
494:
observe the period in the Universe's history during which the standard
161:
1539:
Canadian ingenuity crafts game-changing technology for CHIME telescope
1290:. Vol. CFP15063-USB. Toronto, Ontario, Canada. pp. 164–165.
866:(CHORD), a proposed wider-band (300−1800 MHz) successor to CHIME
327:
2815:
2043:
813:
was held on 7 September 2017 to inaugurate the commissioning phase.
788:
502:
419:
411:
1775:
Canadian Long Range Plan for Astronomy and Astrophysics White Papers
1337:. Vol. CFP15063-USB. Toronto, Ontario, Canada. pp. 35–40.
1243:. Vol. CFP15063-USB. Toronto, Ontario, Canada. pp. 57–61.
1145:"Calibrating CHIME, A New Radio Interferometer to Probe Dark Energy"
916:
889:
758:
2676:
2528:
Special Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Science
2418:
1787:
1627:
1395:
1343:
1331:
A GPU-based Correlator X-engine Implemented on the CHIME Pathfinder
1296:
1249:
1196:
1090:
969:"Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment (CHIME) Pathfinder"
833:
742:
573:
550:
415:
1844:
1159:
983:
2269:
1512:
Canada's CHIME telescope taps AMD for GPU-based super. April 2016
1455:
553:
range 0.8 to 2.5. The power spectrum will be used to measure the
529:
485:
One of the biggest puzzles in contemporary cosmology is why the
2289:
1894:
1828:
1477:"Penticton plays host to international astrophysics conference"
890:"'Half-pipe' telescope will probe dark energy in teen Universe"
796:
633:
625:
395:
348:
300:
1284:
GPU Kernels for High-Speed 4-Bit Astrophysical Data Processing
441:
It has also turned out to be a great instrument for observing
2408:
1755:
CHIME Outrigger telescopes boost search for fast radio bursts
1578:. M. Amiri, K. Bandura, P. Berger, M. Bhardwaj, M. M. Boyce.
767:
641:
423:
403:
1890:
1610:
637:
431:
1375:
864:
Canadian Hydrogen Observatory and Radio-transient Detector
336:
Location of Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment
2186:
Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy
636:
petals are located along the focal line of each of the
537:. CHIME is able to detect the mysterious extragalactic
1446:"Canadian scientists try to shed light on dark energy"
1006:
Clery, Daniel (15 March 2019). "Flashes in the Scan".
434:
electronic system and 1000-processor high-performance
1696:
Weltman, Amanda; Walters, Anthony (5 November 2020).
887:
858:
Hydrogen Intensity and Real-time Analysis eXperiment
1576:
The CHIME Fast Radio Burst Project: System Overview
720:
An F-engine located between two adjacent reflectors
528:CHIME is being used for discovering and monitoring
166:
37 cm (810 MHz)–75 cm (400 MHz)
2290:Multi-Element Radio Linked Interferometer Network
836:reported 536 FRBs for the July 2018 - 2019 year.
2863:
938:
1516:
2176:Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment
1695:
1590:
1588:
1379:"The First CHIME/FRB Fast Radio Burst Catalog"
1142:
962:
960:
958:
956:
696:One of the four wire-mesh half pipe reflectors
373:Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment
22:Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment
1860:
1532:
1056:
1050:
966:
883:
881:
879:
732:The X-engine located next the CHIME telescope
648:from two adjacent cloverleaf petals into one
2166:Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder
1604:
1502:, Dunlap Institute. Retrieved: 7 March 2016.
1175:
1136:
932:
708:Cloverleaf-shaped antennas at the focal line
410:(roughly the size and shape of snowboarding
1960:500 meter Aperture Spherical Telescope
1585:
1468:
1383:The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series
1322:
1275:
1112:
1110:
1108:
953:
802:CHIME construction ended in August 2017. A
783:Construction of CHIME began in 2015 at the
754:CHIME experiment construction in July, 2015
1867:
1853:
1228:
876:
516:, which researchers hope to use to detect
306:
287:
274:
261:
248:
235:
220:
198:
182:
152:
138:
109:
47:
27:
1786:
1626:
1437:
1412:
1394:
1342:
1295:
1248:
1195:
1158:
1072:
982:
944:
915:
65:Regional District of Okanagan-Similkameen
2280:Molonglo Observatory Synthesis Telescope
2117:Warkworth Radio Astronomical Observatory
1673:
1443:
1105:
785:Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory
757:
749:
741:
614:Molonglo Observatory Synthesis Telescope
466:Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory
388:Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory
122:Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory
43:Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory
2887:2017 establishments in British Columbia
1181:
1116:
672:and amplified, then digitized by 8-bit
2864:
1841:44 slides inc Diagrams of beam-forming
1698:"A fast radio burst in our own Galaxy"
1550:
1523:Listening for the universe to chime in
1474:
1328:
1281:
1234:
286:8,000 m (86,000 sq ft)
2781:Cosmic microwave background radiation
2518:Pushchino Radio Astronomy Observatory
2240:Large Latin American Millimeter Array
1848:
1005:
816:
2846:
2494:National Radio Astronomy Observatory
2388:Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope
1143:Laura Newburgh; et al. (2014).
602:Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument
2486:Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory
1874:
1674:Ferreira, Becky (7 February 2020).
1329:Denman, Nolan; et al. (2015).
1282:Klages, Peter; et al. (2015).
1235:Recnik, Andre; et al. (2015).
1117:Leibson, Steven (24 January 2019).
967:Kevin Bandura; et al. (2014).
523:
448:CHIME is a partnership between the
260:100 m (328 ft 1 in)
13:
2320:Northern Extended Millimeter Array
1475:Arstad, Steve (13 November 2015).
14:
2898:
2156:Australia Telescope Compact Array
1978:Caltech Submillimeter Observatory
1921:Very Long Baseline Interferometry
1822:
568:—CHIME will make a 3D map of the
273:20 m (65 ft 7 in)
2882:Science and technology in Canada
2845:
2836:
2835:
1834:University of Toronto CHIME page
1553:"CHIME begins its cosmic search"
1551:Murray, Steve (March 22, 2018).
725:
713:
701:
689:
640:half pipe reflectors. There are
475:
347:
326:
319:
2210:Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope
2078:UTR-2 decameter radio telescope
1761:
1747:
1689:
1667:
1569:
1544:
1505:
1493:
1369:
778:
2310:Northern Cross Radio Telescope
2146:Atacama Large Millimeter Array
1123:Electronic Engineering Journal
999:
674:analogue-to-digital converters
662:field-programmable gate arrays
618:Northern Cross Radio Telescope
450:University of British Columbia
230:Number of telescopes
130:University of British Columbia
1:
1444:Semeniuk, Ivan (2013-01-27).
1028:10.1126/science.363.6432.1138
888:Castelvecchi, Davide (2015).
870:
607:
2760:Gravitational-wave astronomy
2338:Primeval Structure Telescope
773:baryon acoustic oscillations
579:baryon acoustic oscillations
480:
7:
2672:Christiaan Alexander Muller
2538:Vermilion River Observatory
2446:Algonquin Radio Observatory
1911:Astronomical interferometer
846:
664:(FPGA) circuit boards and
555:baryon acoustic oscillation
151:545 m (1,788 ft)
10:
2903:
2872:Interferometric telescopes
2012:Large Millimeter Telescope
1839:CHIME: Status Update. 2013
1725:10.1038/d41586-020-03018-5
737:
560:CHIME is sensitive to the
2831:
2768:
2730:
2584:
2549:
2436:
2401:
2300:Murchison Widefield Array
2220:Green Bank Interferometer
2128:
2044:RATAN-600 Radio Telescope
1950:
1935:
1927:Astronomical radio source
1882:
1645:10.1038/s41586-018-0864-x
1580:The Astrophysical Journal
1214:10.1142/S2251171716410051
1060:The Astrophysical Journal
666:graphics processing units
632:antennas in the shape of
544:
487:expansion of the Universe
462:National Research Council
358:
345:
314:
295:
282:
269:
256:
244:
229:
207:
190:
170:
160:
147:
117:
75:
56:
38:
26:
2510:Onsala Space Observatory
2502:Nançay Radio Observatory
2478:Jodrell Bank Observatory
2378:Very Long Baseline Array
2054:Sardinia Radio Telescope
1541:, SpaceDaily, 2017-09-11
1414:10.3847/1538-4365/ac33ab
853:List of radio telescopes
572:of the Universe between
507:galactic magnetic fields
353:Related media on Commons
16:Canadian radio telescope
2740:Submillimetre astronomy
2352:Australia, South Africa
2204:Event Horizon Telescope
426:range. The telescope's
402:consisting of 100 x 20
398:which consists of four
2462:Green Bank Observatory
2348:Square Kilometre Array
1805:10.5281/zenodo.3765414
806:ceremony with federal
763:
755:
747:
592:The Dark Energy Survey
196:7 September 2017
2755:High-energy astronomy
2642:Sebastian von Hoerner
2250:Long Wavelength Array
2196:European VLBI Network
2136:Allen Telescope Array
2036:Qitai Radio Telescope
761:
753:
745:
630:printed circuit board
616:in Australia and the
570:large-scale structure
458:University of Toronto
134:University of Toronto
2823:Solar radio emission
2612:Jocelyn Bell Burnell
2470:Haystack Observatory
2004:Green Bank Telescope
1988:Effelsberg Telescope
646:differential signals
428:low-noise amplifiers
408:parabolic reflectors
283:Collecting area
208:Telescope style
97:49.3208°N 119.6236°W
2796:Pulsar timing array
2602:Edward George Bowen
2592:Elizabeth Alexander
2454:Arecibo Observatory
2358:Submillimeter Array
2260:Low-Frequency Array
2230:Korean VLBI Network
2096:Southern Hemisphere
2007:(West Virginia, US)
1829:Official CHIME site
1797:2019clrp.2020...28V
1717:2020Natur.587...43W
1637:2019Natur.566..235C
1405:2021ApJS..257...59C
1353:2015arXiv150306202D
1306:2015arXiv150306203K
1259:2015arXiv150306189R
1206:2016JAI.....541005B
1150:Proceedings of SPIE
1083:2003ApJ...598..720S
1020:2019Sci...363.1138C
974:Proceedings of SPIE
908:2015Natur.523..514C
834:CHIME/FRB Catalog 1
808:Minister of Science
654:low-noise amplifier
650:single-ended signal
518:gravitational waves
93: /
23:
2776:Aperture synthesis
2745:Infrared astronomy
2682:Joseph Lade Pawsey
2652:Kenneth Kellermann
2622:Nan Dieter-Conklin
2330:One-Mile Telescope
2109:Parkes Observatory
1597:. Rebecca Joseph,
1557:Astronomy Magazine
1527:The Globe and Mail
1451:The Globe and Mail
1169:10.1117/12.2056962
1153:. Vol. 9145.
993:10.1117/12.2054950
977:. Vol. 9145.
817:Science operations
764:
756:
748:
670:band-pass filtered
535:gravitational wave
102:49.3208; -119.6236
21:
2859:
2858:
2801:Radio propagation
2750:Optical astronomy
2647:Karl Guthe Jansky
2457:(Puerto Rico, US)
2432:
2431:
2224:West Virginia, US
1973:(Puerto Rico, US)
1970:Arecibo Telescope
1621:(7743): 235–238.
1525:, Ivan Semeniuk,
1362:978-1-4799-1924-6
1315:978-1-4799-1924-6
1268:978-1-4799-1924-6
902:(7562): 514–515.
566:intensity mapping
562:21 cm radio waves
539:fast radio bursts
460:and the Canadian
454:McGill University
443:fast radio bursts
369:
368:
126:McGill University
2894:
2877:Radio telescopes
2849:
2848:
2839:
2838:
2816:HD 164595 signal
2791:Odd radio circle
2769:Related articles
2687:Ruby Payne-Scott
2617:Arthur Covington
2607:Ronald Bracewell
2577:
2569:
2561:
2542:
2533:
2523:
2514:
2506:
2498:
2490:
2482:
2474:
2466:
2458:
2450:
2424:
2414:
2393:
2383:
2373:
2368:Very Large Array
2363:
2353:
2343:
2334:
2325:
2315:
2305:
2295:
2285:
2275:
2265:
2255:
2245:
2244:Argentina/Brazil
2235:
2225:
2215:
2200:
2191:
2181:
2171:
2161:
2151:
2141:
2121:
2113:
2105:
2097:
2090:
2086:Yevpatoria RT-70
2082:
2074:
2066:
2058:
2049:
2040:
2032:
2024:
2020:Lovell Telescope
2016:
2008:
2000:
1992:
1983:
1974:
1965:
1948:
1947:
1937:Radio telescopes
1869:
1862:
1855:
1846:
1845:
1817:
1816:
1790:
1765:
1759:
1751:
1745:
1744:
1702:
1693:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1671:
1665:
1664:
1630:
1608:
1602:
1601:. 3 August 2018.
1592:
1583:
1582:. 9 August 2018.
1573:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1563:
1548:
1542:
1536:
1530:
1520:
1514:
1509:
1503:
1497:
1491:
1490:
1488:
1487:
1472:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1462:
1441:
1435:
1434:
1416:
1398:
1373:
1367:
1366:
1346:
1326:
1320:
1319:
1299:
1279:
1273:
1272:
1252:
1232:
1226:
1225:
1199:
1179:
1173:
1172:
1162:
1140:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1114:
1103:
1102:
1076:
1074:astro-ph/0307460
1054:
1048:
1047:
1003:
997:
996:
986:
964:
951:
950:
948:
946:astro-ph/0609591
936:
930:
929:
919:
885:
793:British Columbia
729:
717:
705:
693:
524:Radio transients
392:British Columbia
362:edit on Wikidata
351:
330:
329:
323:
310:
305:
302:
301:chime-experiment
291:
278:
265:
252:
240:
239:
225:
224:
216:Zenith telescope
203:
202:
192:First light
186:
181:
179:
178:2015–August 2017
174:2015–August 2017
156:
143:
142:
113:
108:
107:
105:
104:
103:
98:
94:
91:
90:
89:
86:
69:British Columbia
52:
51:
31:
24:
20:
2902:
2901:
2897:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2892:
2891:
2862:
2861:
2860:
2855:
2827:
2764:
2732:
2726:
2712:Gart Westerhout
2580:
2575:
2567:
2559:
2545:
2540:
2531:
2521:
2520:(PRAO ASC LPI,
2512:
2504:
2496:
2488:
2480:
2472:
2464:
2456:
2448:
2428:
2422:
2412:
2397:
2391:
2381:
2371:
2361:
2351:
2341:
2332:
2323:
2313:
2303:
2293:
2283:
2273:
2263:
2253:
2243:
2233:
2223:
2213:
2198:
2189:
2179:
2169:
2159:
2149:
2139:
2129:Interferometers
2124:
2119:
2111:
2103:
2095:
2088:
2080:
2072:
2070:Usuda Telescope
2064:
2056:
2047:
2038:
2030:
2022:
2014:
2006:
1998:
1990:
1981:
1972:
1963:
1952:
1939:
1931:
1901:Radio telescope
1878:
1876:Radio astronomy
1873:
1825:
1820:
1766:
1762:
1752:
1748:
1711:(7832): 43–44.
1700:
1694:
1690:
1680:
1678:
1672:
1668:
1609:
1605:
1593:
1586:
1574:
1570:
1561:
1559:
1549:
1545:
1537:
1533:
1521:
1517:
1510:
1506:
1498:
1494:
1485:
1483:
1473:
1469:
1460:
1458:
1442:
1438:
1374:
1370:
1363:
1327:
1323:
1316:
1280:
1276:
1269:
1233:
1229:
1184:J. Astron. Inst
1180:
1176:
1141:
1137:
1127:
1125:
1115:
1106:
1055:
1051:
1004:
1000:
965:
954:
937:
933:
917:10.1038/523514a
886:
877:
873:
849:
827:180916.J0158+65
819:
781:
740:
733:
730:
721:
718:
709:
706:
697:
694:
610:
547:
526:
483:
478:
422:in the 400–800
384:radio telescope
381:interferometric
365:
341:
340:
339:
338:
337:
333:
332:
331:
299:
234:
219:
214:
212:radio telescope
197:
177:
175:
137:
132:
128:
124:
101:
99:
95:
92:
87:
84:
82:
80:
79:
46:
34:
33:CHIME telescope
17:
12:
11:
5:
2900:
2890:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2857:
2856:
2854:
2853:
2843:
2832:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2825:
2820:
2819:
2818:
2813:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2786:Interferometry
2783:
2778:
2772:
2770:
2766:
2765:
2763:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2736:
2734:
2728:
2727:
2725:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2667:Bernard Lovell
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2597:John G. Bolton
2594:
2588:
2586:
2582:
2581:
2579:
2578:
2570:
2565:ESA New Norcia
2562:
2553:
2551:
2547:
2546:
2544:
2543:
2535:
2525:
2515:
2507:
2499:
2491:
2483:
2475:
2467:
2459:
2451:
2442:
2440:
2434:
2433:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2426:
2416:
2405:
2403:
2399:
2398:
2396:
2395:
2385:
2375:
2372:New Mexico, US
2365:
2355:
2345:
2335:
2327:
2317:
2307:
2297:
2287:
2277:
2267:
2257:
2254:New Mexico, US
2247:
2237:
2227:
2217:
2207:
2201:
2193:
2190:California, US
2183:
2173:
2163:
2153:
2143:
2140:California, US
2132:
2130:
2126:
2125:
2123:
2122:
2114:
2106:
2104:(South Africa)
2098:
2092:
2091:
2083:
2075:
2067:
2059:
2051:
2041:
2033:
2028:Ooty Telescope
2025:
2017:
2009:
2001:
1993:
1985:
1975:
1967:
1956:
1954:
1945:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1929:
1924:
1918:
1908:
1898:
1886:
1884:
1880:
1879:
1872:
1871:
1864:
1857:
1849:
1843:
1842:
1836:
1831:
1824:
1823:External links
1821:
1819:
1818:
1760:
1746:
1688:
1666:
1603:
1584:
1568:
1543:
1531:
1515:
1504:
1492:
1467:
1436:
1368:
1361:
1321:
1314:
1274:
1267:
1227:
1190:(4): 1641005.
1174:
1135:
1104:
1091:10.1086/379122
1067:(2): 720–740.
1049:
1014:(6432): 1139.
998:
952:
931:
874:
872:
869:
868:
867:
861:
855:
848:
845:
818:
815:
780:
777:
739:
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735:
734:
731:
724:
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719:
712:
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707:
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61:Okanagan Falls
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2737:
2735:
2729:
2723:
2722:Robert Wilson
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2707:Govind Swarup
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2662:John D. Kraus
2660:
2658:
2657:Frank J. Kerr
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2637:Antony Hewish
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
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2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
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2516:
2511:
2508:
2503:
2500:
2495:
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2479:
2476:
2471:
2468:
2463:
2460:
2455:
2452:
2447:
2444:
2443:
2441:
2439:
2438:Observatories
2435:
2420:
2417:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2404:
2400:
2389:
2386:
2379:
2376:
2369:
2366:
2359:
2356:
2349:
2346:
2339:
2336:
2331:
2328:
2321:
2318:
2311:
2308:
2301:
2298:
2291:
2288:
2281:
2278:
2271:
2268:
2261:
2258:
2251:
2248:
2241:
2238:
2231:
2228:
2221:
2218:
2211:
2208:
2205:
2202:
2197:
2194:
2187:
2184:
2177:
2174:
2167:
2164:
2157:
2154:
2147:
2144:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2127:
2118:
2115:
2110:
2107:
2102:
2099:
2094:
2093:
2087:
2084:
2079:
2076:
2071:
2068:
2063:
2060:
2055:
2052:
2045:
2042:
2037:
2034:
2029:
2026:
2021:
2018:
2013:
2010:
2005:
2002:
1997:
1996:Galenki RT-70
1994:
1989:
1986:
1979:
1976:
1971:
1968:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1955:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1938:
1934:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1912:
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1902:
1899:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1887:
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1877:
1870:
1865:
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1847:
1840:
1837:
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1832:
1830:
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1826:
1814:
1810:
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1802:
1798:
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1780:
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1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1718:
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1710:
1706:
1699:
1692:
1677:
1670:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1629:
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1620:
1616:
1615:
1607:
1600:
1596:
1591:
1589:
1581:
1577:
1572:
1558:
1554:
1547:
1540:
1535:
1528:
1524:
1519:
1513:
1508:
1501:
1496:
1482:
1478:
1471:
1457:
1453:
1452:
1447:
1440:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1372:
1364:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1325:
1317:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1278:
1270:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1231:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1178:
1170:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1152:
1151:
1146:
1139:
1124:
1120:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1061:
1053:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1002:
994:
990:
985:
980:
976:
975:
970:
963:
961:
959:
957:
947:
942:
935:
927:
923:
918:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
896:
891:
884:
882:
880:
875:
865:
862:
859:
856:
854:
851:
850:
844:
841:
837:
835:
830:
828:
822:
814:
812:
811:Kirsty Duncan
809:
805:
800:
798:
794:
790:
786:
776:
774:
769:
760:
752:
744:
728:
723:
716:
711:
704:
699:
692:
687:
684:
683:
682:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
657:
655:
651:
647:
644:that combine
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
622:
619:
615:
605:
603:
599:
598:
593:
588:
586:
585:
580:
575:
571:
567:
563:
558:
556:
552:
542:
540:
536:
531:
521:
519:
515:
514:neutron stars
510:
508:
504:
499:
497:
492:
488:
476:Science goals
473:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
446:
444:
439:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
382:
378:
374:
363:
357:
354:
350:
344:
322:
313:
309:
304:
298:
294:
290:
285:
281:
277:
272:
268:
264:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
238:
232:
228:
223:
217:
213:
210:
206:
201:
195:
193:
189:
185:
173:
169:
165:
163:
159:
155:
150:
146:
141:
135:
131:
127:
123:
120:
116:
112:
106:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
59:
55:
50:
44:
41:
37:
30:
25:
19:
2731:Astronomy by
2692:Arno Penzias
2632:Cyril Hazard
2274:South Africa
2175:
2065:(Uzbekistan)
1905:Radio window
1778:
1774:
1763:
1754:
1749:
1708:
1704:
1691:
1679:. Retrieved
1669:
1618:
1612:
1606:
1598:
1579:
1571:
1560:. Retrieved
1556:
1546:
1534:
1529:, 2017-09-07
1518:
1507:
1495:
1484:. Retrieved
1480:
1470:
1459:. Retrieved
1449:
1439:
1386:
1382:
1371:
1330:
1324:
1283:
1277:
1236:
1230:
1187:
1183:
1177:
1148:
1138:
1126:. Retrieved
1122:
1064:
1058:
1052:
1011:
1007:
1001:
972:
934:
899:
893:
842:
838:
831:
823:
820:
801:
787:(DRAO) near
782:
779:Construction
765:
658:
623:
611:
595:
589:
582:
559:
548:
527:
511:
500:
484:
447:
440:
418:in space at
406:cylindrical
376:
372:
370:
118:Organization
18:
2811:Wow! signal
2702:Martin Ryle
2697:Grote Reber
2627:Frank Drake
2568:(Australia)
2402:Space-based
2392:Netherlands
2264:Netherlands
2234:South Korea
2112:(Australia)
2062:Suffa RT-70
1771:K. Spekkens
1681:10 February
1599:Global News
804:first light
491:dark energy
470:first light
420:frequencies
100: /
88:119°37′25″W
76:Coordinates
57:Location(s)
2866:Categories
2733:EM methods
1953:telescopes
1951:Individual
1788:1911.01777
1757:April 2022
1628:1901.04525
1562:2018-03-24
1486:2016-03-08
1461:2015-07-29
1396:2106.04352
1344:1503.06202
1297:1503.06203
1250:1503.06189
1197:1608.06262
871:References
685:Components
634:cloverleaf
608:Technology
412:half-pipes
162:Wavelength
85:49°19′15″N
2717:Paul Wild
2550:Multi-use
2530:(SAORAS,
2304:Australia
2292:(MERLIN,
2284:Australia
2170:Australia
2160:Australia
2089:(Ukraine)
2081:(Ukraine)
1991:(Germany)
1813:207870335
1741:226258016
1661:186244363
1431:235367793
1423:0067-0049
1389:(2): 59.
1222:118853428
1160:1406.2267
1128:12 August
984:1406.2288
789:Penticton
678:data rate
638:wire-mesh
574:redshifts
503:Milky Way
481:Cosmology
445:(FRBs).
2841:Category
2677:Jan Oort
2576:(Canada)
2560:(Canada)
2513:(Sweden)
2505:(France)
2449:(Canada)
2419:Spektr-R
2262:(LOFAR,
2242:(LLAMA,
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