279:
37:
362:
but not highways). Employment outside of federally regulated industries falls under provincial authority for most civil (including contract) law. Territories generally have similar powers as provinces but by those powers are delegated by federal statute (not constitutionally guaranteed), can be less
471:
In 2002, the
British Columbia government changed the Employment Standards Branch, replacing the investigation system that used to reply to labour law violations with an 18-page "Self-Help Kit" and mediation process. However, this has been criticized as changing the government's role "from enforcers
441:
The right to strike is an essential part of a meaningful collective bargaining process in our system of labour relations... This crucial role in collective bargaining is why the right to strike is constitutionally protected by s. 2 (d).
477:
341:
and the provinces and territories regulating all others. The constitution gives exclusive federal jurisdiction over employment as a component of its regulatory authority for specific industries, including
367:. Unless under federal jurisdiction, the laws which are in effect are those of the province or territory where the employment takes place (rather than the employee's home or the employer's head office).
423:". This legal concept allows employees in unionized workplaces to decline union membership, but requires them to pay the equivalent of basic union dues even if they decide not to be union members.
416:(the details of which differ somewhat from province to province) through which unions are recognized by the state as having the support of a majority of workers in a narrowly defined workplace.
484:
765:
951:
966:
956:
431:
The right of workers to strike and picket against their employer is constitutionally protected in Canada, according to the
Supreme Court of Canada's 2015 ruling in
755:
971:
337:
The federal, provincial, and territorial governments all regulate labour and employment law in Canada, with the federal government regulating a few particular
413:
386:
of individual indigenous nations, the distinct French-derived law system of Quebec, and the differing labour codes of each of the provinces and territories.
785:
673:
1034:
433:
363:
extensive in scope, differ for each of the three territories, are subject to change accruing over time, and also interact to a large extent with
309:
720:
389:
In areas of exclusive provincial jurisdiction, each province (and increasingly each territory) has authority to regulate . So, for example,
503:
1111:
233:
926:
725:
986:
936:
666:
1142:
775:
921:
911:
364:
146:
58:
961:
745:
302:
151:
659:
354:, inland and maritime fishing, as well as any form of transportation that crosses provincial boundaries (essentially
223:
592:
1147:
888:
826:
63:
1029:
1024:
740:
735:
409:
1178:
1106:
946:
893:
398:
394:
228:
329:
which regulates the rights, restrictions, and obligations of trade unions, workers, and employers in Canada.
295:
251:
1168:
1121:
821:
811:
710:
351:
86:
81:
404:
While Quebec's statutory environment is considerably different in many respects, most provinces and the
1173:
1116:
1004:
931:
816:
642:
626:
857:
790:
256:
1126:
1014:
836:
750:
510:
359:
730:
530:
213:
203:
171:
156:
129:
124:
1090:
1044:
883:
852:
760:
347:
208:
196:
166:
136:
91:
53:
20:
806:
183:
106:
96:
780:
478:
Health
Services and Support-Facilities Subsector Bargaining Association v British Columbia
8:
1009:
981:
390:
371:
218:
161:
141:
862:
497:
405:
355:
1070:
831:
770:
715:
682:
623:
Health
Services and Support—Facilities Subsector Bargaining Assn. v. British Columbia
379:
375:
343:
101:
605:
518:
338:
1049:
941:
693:
263:
582:
Saskatchewan
Federation of Labour v. Saskatchewan (SCC Case Information: 35423)]
916:
1162:
1085:
1080:
1075:
525:
383:
283:
36:
28:
420:
1065:
976:
452:
401:
are both subject to provincial legislation (the territories excepted).
1019:
456:
419:
One feature common to all provincial and federal labour laws is the "
651:
460:
571:
554:
459:
during strikes varies from province to province, and is largely
952:
Economic
Development Agency of Canada for the Regions of Quebec
967:
Financial
Transactions and Reports Analysis Centre of Canada
957:
Federal
Economic Development Initiative for Northern Ontario
1039:
567:
550:
326:
585:
756:
National Round Table on the
Environment and the Economy
972:
472:
of labour standards to being wage dispute resolvers."
786:
Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America
1160:
434:Saskatchewan Federation of Labour v Saskatchewan
370:Canada's varied labour laws are a result of its
721:Comparison of Canadian and American economies
667:
303:
504:Employment Standards Act of British Columbia
382:variety. This expressed in law through the
1112:Canadian Federation of Independent Business
352:inland and maritime navigation and shipping
674:
660:
365:Inuit, MĂ©tis and First Nations governments
310:
296:
927:Canada Development Investment Corporation
572:(U.K.), 30 & 31 Victoria, c. 3., §92.
555:(U.K.), 30 & 31 Victoria, c. 3., §§91
395:except education on First Nation reserves
987:Western Economic Diversification Canada
937:Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation
603:
332:
1161:
1035:Federal financing for small businesses
410:enterprise-based bargaining structures
1143:Canadian Index of Consumer Confidence
776:Public-private partnerships in Canada
681:
655:
922:Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation
912:Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency
639:Ontario (Attorney General) v. Fraser
485:Fraser v. Ontario (Attorney General)
962:Financial Consumer Agency of Canada
560:
543:
466:
451:The law concerning the granting of
13:
593:"The Labour Injunction in Canada".
35:
14:
1190:
1148:International rankings of Canada
889:Social Union Framework Agreement
766:Provinces and territories by GDP
604:Johnson, C. J. (March 3, 2004).
277:
1107:Canada Development Corporation
726:Economic impact of immigration
632:
616:
597:
576:
1:
536:
1122:Canadian Payroll Association
1030:Federal Contractors' Program
591:Stephen Gleave et al, 2011.
446:
7:
711:Agreement on Internal Trade
491:
408:all follow the standard of
10:
1195:
1117:Credit Institute of Canada
932:Canada Infrastructure Bank
568:The Constitution Act, 1867
551:The Constitution Act, 1867
426:
1135:
1099:
1058:
995:
902:
871:
858:List of tariffs in Canada
845:
799:
746:Interprovincial migration
701:
689:
384:treaty-/land-based rights
348:radio and TV broadcasting
257:Law School Admission Test
1127:Canadian Labour Congress
511:Employment Standards Act
147:Immigration and refugees
531:United States labor law
463:rather than statutory.
1091:Toronto Stock Exchange
1045:National Child Benefit
884:Minimum wage in Canada
853:Canadian import duties
827:Science and technology
444:
137:Civil and human rights
40:
1179:Labour law by country
1025:Equalization payments
947:Department of Finance
736:Free trade agreements
439:
414:certification process
412:. They also share a
179:Labour and employment
152:Intellectual property
39:
645:, 2 S.C.R. 3.
399:municipal government
333:Regulatory framework
1169:Canadian labour law
1010:Canada Savings Bond
982:Royal Canadian Mint
879:Canadian labour law
323:Canadian labour law
64:Provincial statutes
863:Taxation in Canada
498:Canada Labour Code
41:
1174:Economy of Canada
1156:
1155:
1071:Montreal Exchange
1005:Transfer payments
716:Banking in Canada
683:Economy of Canada
320:
319:
284:Canada portal
1186:
676:
669:
662:
653:
652:
646:
636:
630:
629:, 2 S.C.R. 391.
620:
614:
613:
606:"Ripe for Abuse"
601:
595:
589:
583:
580:
574:
564:
558:
547:
519:Ontario v Fraser
467:British Columbia
339:economic sectors
325:is that body of
312:
305:
298:
282:
281:
280:
224:Courts of Appeal
59:Federal statutes
16:
15:
1194:
1193:
1189:
1188:
1187:
1185:
1184:
1183:
1159:
1158:
1157:
1152:
1131:
1095:
1054:
1050:National Policy
997:
991:
942:CPP Investments
904:
898:
867:
841:
795:
791:Social programs
741:Great Recession
703:
697:
694:Canadian dollar
685:
680:
650:
649:
637:
633:
621:
617:
602:
598:
590:
586:
581:
577:
565:
561:
557:, 92A, 94A, 95.
548:
544:
539:
494:
469:
449:
429:
335:
316:
278:
276:
269:
268:
264:Call to the bar
247:
239:
238:
229:Superior Courts
199:
189:
188:
120:
112:
111:
77:
69:
68:
49:
12:
11:
5:
1192:
1182:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1154:
1153:
1151:
1150:
1145:
1139:
1137:
1133:
1132:
1130:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1103:
1101:
1097:
1096:
1094:
1093:
1088:
1086:S&P/TSX 60
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1062:
1060:
1056:
1055:
1053:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1015:Carbon pricing
1012:
1007:
1001:
999:
993:
992:
990:
989:
984:
979:
974:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
917:Bank of Canada
914:
908:
906:
900:
899:
897:
896:
891:
886:
881:
875:
873:
869:
868:
866:
865:
860:
855:
849:
847:
843:
842:
840:
839:
837:Transportation
834:
829:
824:
819:
814:
812:Communications
809:
803:
801:
797:
796:
794:
793:
788:
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
751:Land ownership
748:
743:
738:
733:
728:
723:
718:
713:
707:
705:
699:
698:
690:
687:
686:
679:
678:
671:
664:
656:
648:
647:
631:
615:
596:
584:
575:
559:
541:
540:
538:
535:
534:
533:
528:
523:
515:
507:
500:
493:
490:
489:
488:
481:
468:
465:
448:
445:
428:
425:
360:rail transport
334:
331:
318:
317:
315:
314:
307:
300:
292:
289:
288:
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286:
271:
270:
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139:
134:
133:
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121:
118:
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110:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
87:Administrative
84:
82:Constitutional
78:
75:
74:
71:
70:
67:
66:
61:
56:
50:
47:
46:
43:
42:
32:
31:
25:
24:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1191:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1164:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1102:
1100:Organisations
1098:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1081:Occupy Canada
1079:
1077:
1076:NASDAQ Canada
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1061:
1057:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
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1003:
1002:
1000:
994:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
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968:
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963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
909:
907:
901:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
876:
874:
870:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
850:
848:
844:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
804:
802:
798:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
747:
744:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
731:Energy policy
729:
727:
724:
722:
719:
717:
714:
712:
709:
708:
706:
700:
696:
695:
688:
684:
677:
672:
670:
665:
663:
658:
657:
654:
644:
640:
635:
628:
624:
619:
611:
607:
600:
594:
588:
579:
573:
570:
569:
563:
556:
553:
552:
546:
542:
532:
529:
527:
526:UK labour law
524:
521:
520:
516:
513:
512:
508:
506:
505:
501:
499:
496:
495:
487:
486:
482:
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479:
475:
474:
473:
464:
462:
458:
454:
443:
438:
436:
435:
424:
422:
417:
415:
411:
407:
402:
400:
396:
392:
387:
385:
381:
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366:
361:
357:
353:
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345:
340:
330:
328:
324:
313:
308:
306:
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294:
293:
291:
290:
285:
275:
274:
273:
272:
265:
262:
258:
255:
254:
253:
250:
249:
243:
242:
235:
232:
230:
227:
225:
222:
220:
217:
215:
212:
210:
209:Federal Court
207:
205:
204:Supreme Court
202:
201:
198:
193:
192:
185:
182:
180:
177:
173:
172:Trade secrets
170:
168:
165:
163:
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158:
155:
154:
153:
150:
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138:
135:
131:
128:
127:
126:
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122:
116:
115:
108:
105:
103:
100:
98:
95:
93:
90:
88:
85:
83:
80:
79:
73:
72:
65:
62:
60:
57:
55:
52:
51:
45:
44:
38:
34:
33:
30:
27:
26:
22:
18:
17:
894:Trade unions
878:
761:Oil reserves
691:
638:
634:
622:
618:
609:
599:
587:
578:
566:
562:
549:
545:
517:
509:
502:
483:
476:
470:
450:
440:
432:
430:
421:Rand Formula
418:
406:federal Code
403:
388:
369:
336:
322:
321:
214:Appeal Court
178:
54:Constitution
29:Canadian law
807:Agriculture
781:Public debt
643:2011 SCC 20
627:2007 SCC 27
455:that limit
453:injunctions
252:Law schools
119:Other areas
1163:Categories
1066:Bay Street
977:PPP Canada
692:Currency:
537:References
376:historical
234:Provincial
130:Indigenous
125:Aboriginal
76:Core areas
1020:Crow Rate
822:Petroleum
514:(Ontario)
457:picketing
447:Picketing
391:education
372:geography
246:Education
219:Tax Court
167:Trademark
157:Copyright
998:programs
905:agencies
800:Industry
610:The Tyee
492:See also
461:case law
380:cultural
356:aviation
184:Maritime
107:Property
97:Contract
92:Criminal
21:a series
19:Part of
1136:Indices
1059:Finance
996:Federal
903:Federal
832:Tourism
817:Fishing
771:Poverty
702:General
427:Strikes
344:banking
48:Sources
872:Labour
704:topics
522:(2011)
397:) and
378:, and
197:Courts
162:Patent
142:Family
1040:LLQP
358:and
102:Tort
846:Tax
327:law
1165::
641:,
625:,
608:.
374:,
350:,
346:,
23:on
675:e
668:t
661:v
612:.
442:.
437:.
393:(
311:e
304:t
297:v
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