65:
of the surface. A capped grope is obtained by repeatedly replacing the caps of a capped surface by another capped surface. Capped surfaces and capped gropes are studied in
81:
162:
57:
A capped surface in a 4-manifold is roughly a surface together with some 2-disks, called caps, whose boundaries
142:
154:
179:Štan'ko, M. A. (1971), "Approximation of the imbedding of compacta in a codimension larger than two",
58:
48:
28:
216:
200:
172:
131:
112:
8:
147:
188:
158:
124:
Proceedings of the
International Congress of Mathematicians, Vol. 1, 2 (Warsaw, 1983)
100:
62:
95:
138:
119:
90:
79:
Cannon, J. W. (1978), "The recognition problem: what is a topological manifold?",
196:
168:
127:
108:
210:
192:
104:
44:
20:
51:
39:"because of its multitudinous fingers". Capped gropes were used by
122:(1984), "The disk theorem for four-dimensional manifolds",
146:
208:
153:, Princeton Mathematical Series, vol. 39,
137:
82:Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society
66:
178:
32:
16:Construction used in 4-dimensional topology
94:
118:
40:
209:
78:
36:
126:, Warszawa: PWN, pp. 647–663,
13:
14:
228:
96:10.1090/S0002-9904-1978-14527-3
1:
72:
7:
67:Freedman & Quinn (1990)
10:
233:
181:Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR
155:Princeton University Press
27:is a construction used in
139:Freedman, Michael Hartley
120:Freedman, Michael Hartley
47:, that work better for
149:Topology of 4-manifolds
29:4-dimensional topology
49:non-simply-connected
43:as a substitute for
164:978-0-691-08577-7
63:fundamental group
224:
203:
175:
152:
134:
115:
98:
31:, introduced by
232:
231:
227:
226:
225:
223:
222:
221:
207:
206:
165:
75:
41:Freedman (1984)
17:
12:
11:
5:
230:
220:
219:
205:
204:
176:
163:
135:
116:
89:(5): 832–866,
74:
71:
45:Casson handles
33:Štan'ko (1971)
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
229:
218:
215:
214:
212:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
177:
174:
170:
166:
160:
156:
151:
150:
144:
140:
136:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
114:
110:
106:
102:
97:
92:
88:
84:
83:
77:
76:
70:
68:
64:
60:
55:
53:
50:
46:
42:
38:
37:Cannon (1978)
35:and named by
34:
30:
26:
22:
184:
180:
148:
143:Quinn, Frank
123:
86:
80:
56:
24:
18:
217:4-manifolds
187:: 783–786,
52:4-manifolds
21:mathematics
73:References
193:0002-3264
105:0002-9904
211:Category
145:(1990),
59:generate
201:0284994
173:1201584
132:0804721
113:0494113
199:
191:
171:
161:
130:
111:
103:
25:grope
189:ISSN
159:ISBN
101:ISSN
61:the
23:, a
185:198
91:doi
54:.
19:In
213::
197:MR
195:,
183:,
169:MR
167:,
157:,
141:;
128:MR
109:MR
107:,
99:,
87:84
85:,
69:.
93::
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.