549:
729:. Louis came to Bavaria to receive the recognition of the aristocracy as future king. By Easter he had left, and Arnulf took control of the kingdom in his father's name. He dismissed some prominent counts, who appealed to Louis to restore them. Carloman tried to legitimise Arnulf's actions by adding his son's name to the prayer provisions of his charters, but in November Louis came to Bavaria to force a resolution of the succession. He restored the deposed counts and Carloman formally abdicated his Bavarian throne to his brother. He also placed Arnulf under Louis's protection. His brother Charles dated his reign in Italy from November 879, so presumably Carloman abdicated that kingdom at the same time as Bavaria.
435:, who was appointed governor of eastern marches by king Louis (863), prince Carloman remained in his father custody until 864, when he escaped and returned to Carantania. Welcomed by supporters, he assumed power in the province. At that time, king Louis was campaigning against Moravia, but ceased further operations and moved south, towards Carantania. Conflict was avoided by reconciliation. Father and son met and reached an agreement. Carloman submitted to his father and in return he was granted governorship over eastern marches.
4005:
4595:
639:. Although the monastery was reportedly built during the eighth century, the first record of its dedication to Cristina is found in Carloman's charter. In a letter of 7 June 879, Pope John, having failed to convince Louis the Stammerer, Charles the Bald's heir, to come to Italy for its defence, appealed to Carloman, whom he had previously rejected. It was too late; by then Carloman was incapacitated. Shortly before his abdication, he granted a complex of estates around Olona to the
673:
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754:
with his father, and even more without him. He always returned the victor in triumph and expanded the borders of his empire with glorious iron. He was mild to his own men and a living terror to his enemies. He was charming in speech, humble, and endowed with great cleverness for managing the business of the realm. He was so skilled that he was the very embodiment of royal majesty.
616:, or temporal authority in the district outside the city walls, was the first grant of its kind to a bishop. By the time of Carloman's death, the confirmation of a predecessor's concessions to the episcopate and the negotiating of new ones in exchange for support had become an Italian tradition. In 876, Charles had granted Pope John jurisdictional rights in the duchies of
595:. The lure of Italy was "the looting which was apparently acceptable when a king first took over a kingdom", providing rewards that could be shared out among followers and more than offset the cost of raising an army and crossing the Alps. Carloman was one of only two Carolingian kings of Italy—his brother and successor Charles being the other—who did not issue a
591:, Charles had to offer him "a huge sum in gold and silver and precious stones" to get him to leave Italy. On 28 August 876, Louis died and his sons became kings in their allotted kingdoms. On 6 October 877, Charles the Bald died and later that month Carloman succeeded in having himself elected King of Italy by the nobles assembled in
309:. His first record public appearance is as the leader of an army of reinforcements from Bavaria and Alemannia which he brought to his father at Worms in 842. He subsequently led them in battle alongside his father and uncle (Charles the Bald) against his other uncle (Lothair). It was the beginning of a warlike career.
454:
was also captured and sent to
Carloman. In 871, he managed to capture Svatopluk, thus establishing direct control over the entire principality, but soon decided to reinstall him, in order to pacify the country. That proved to be disastrous, since Svatopluk, as soon as reaching Moravia, turned against
753:
That most excellent king was learned in letters, devoted to the
Christian religion, just, peaceful, and morally upright. The beauty of his body was exceptional, and his physical strength was a wonder to behold. He possessed a very warlike spirit. He waged numerous wars against the Slavic kingdoms
407:
Gaining the first foothold of power in
Carantania, Carloman moved to assume a more prominent role in governorship over the frontier regions of his father's realm. Starting from 857, Carloman was an occasional witness to his father's charters, and already in 858 he was appointed to lead a military
503:. Princes were to become rulers of designated domains only upon their father's death. None of them was given the title of a king during his father's lifetime, but their position within the state affairs was regulated in detail, with king Louis keeping all of the main prerogatives of royal power.
520:
describe as "the greatest of all the king's great men". This marriage must have taken place before Ernest's disgrace and dismissal in 861, for Louis the German strongly disapproved of his second son's seeking a marriage with family that had likewise been disgraced in 858–59.
415:
In 861, Carloman came into conflict with several frontier commanders in southeastern regions, expelled them from their offices, and replaced them with his loyals. That move was made without his fathers consent, and by 862 an open conflict erupted, with
Carloman siding with
347:), yet had never been used by a reigning king and was thus appropriate for an illegitimate eldest son. The choice of the name is the surest evidence that Liutswind and Carloman were not legally married. Around 860, Arnulf and his cousin,
532:, Carloman's mother, Emma, was encouraging her husband to favour Carloman over his brothers. This is the first recorded involvement of Emma in politics, and it may relate to Louis's illness during 869–70. On the other hand, historian
474:
In order to prevent future dynastic conflicts, king Louis decided to regulate the position of his three sons within the government. In 865, an arrangement on the future succession was reached and promulgated in
203:
1235:: DCCCLXXVIII. Karlomannus rex circumseptus ad Ergoltinga ab Ermenperto comite et ceteris sodalibus suis. Ermpertus in Franciam receptus a Ludowico. DCCCLXXX. Karlomannus rex obiit X kal. October.
404:. Instead, Carloman was given rule over the inner region (Carantania), in order do gain experience, and perhaps because his father wanted to keep him from trying to seize too much power.
332:
was rewarded for his service in defending the
Bavarian frontier. In the charter confirming the grant, Carloman signed his name first among the secular magnates (after the ecclesiastics).
36:
741:(879) record that he lost his voice, but was still able to communicate by writing. Regino of Prüm, writing in his chronicle for the year 880, recalls that he was "erudite in letters" (
428:. An attempted reconciliation and truce between father and son failed, and in 863 king Louis invaded his son's territory, forced Carloman into submission, and took him into custody.
684:. He dedicated it to the Virgin Mary and "numerous other saints whose relics we were able to collect with God's help". He appointed his father's friend, the linguistic scholar
608:(royal representatives) in their dioceses. He added to the new regulation by expanding the jurisdiction of individual bishops to gain their loyalty. His grant to Bishop
506:
At the same time, all of king's sons married into the local aristocracy of the regions marked out for them. Carloman married the daughter of a
Bavarian military leader (
548:
355:
at the court of their grandfather, who was probably overseeing their military education and also holding them to ensure the good behaviour of their fathers.
685:
438:
Carloman's letter to his father from 869 survives, describing conditions on the frontier. In 870, he succeeded in establishing
Frankish domination over
1232:
2292:
339:. This was Carloman's first politically independent action, and it confirms his close connection to Bavaria. Around 850, Liutswind bore him a son,
511:
3868:
1719:
762:
place it on 21 September. He was buried in the chapel of his palace at Ötting. Carloman left one illegitimate son, Arnulf, who continued as
709:
Carloman groomed his illegitimate son Arnulf for the succession in
Bavaria. In a charter issued at Regensburg, he called him "regal son" (
1433:
Medieval
European Coinage, With a Catalogue of the Coins in the Fitzwilliam Museum, Volume 1: The Early Middle Ages (5th–10th Centuries)
1359:
4717:
3074:
335:
In the 840s, Carloman had a liaison with
Liutswind, daughter of the Bavarian count Ratolt and sister-in-law of Count Sigihard of the
725:, but also detractors, who appealed to Carloman's brother Louis. In early 879, Carloman was incapacitated by illness, perhaps a
286:
Carloman's birth date is unknown, but was probably around 828 or 830. His naming can be connected to his father's push to rule
4722:
587:, one of Louis II's most favored houses. In the diploma Carloman declared himself Louis's chosen successor. According to the
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599:
at the beginning of his reign in order to proclaim his legitimacy and affirm his keeping to traditions of good government.
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3321:
450:, ruling prince of Moravia, and gave him over to Carloman. During the following Frankish invasion, Moravian archbishop
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died and his kingdom was claimed by Louis the German for his sons Carloman and Charles and by Charles the Bald.
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583:, sided with Charles the Bald. Carloman led an army into Italy, where he granted a diploma to the monastery of
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1988:
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1220:
1462:
343:. This name was chosen because it was distinctly dynastic (the founder of the Carolingian family was Bishop
301:
Carloman was old enough to participate in the civil war of 840–43, waged between his father and his uncles,
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1520:
3903:, the daughter of Pepin I, married Ansegisel, the son of Arnulf of Metz, and was the mother of Pepin II.
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2020:
688:, as his chancellor. In 878, he may have been the object of an assassination attempt. According to the
451:
2009:
1443:
Kingship and Politics in the Late Ninth Century: Charles the Fat and the End of the Carolingian Empire
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during the reigns of Carloman's brothers, but in 887 became king of East Francia and in 896 emperor.
17:
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2015:
466:, between king Louis and envoys of Svatopluk, thus concluding the state of war on eastern borders.
1536:
717:), which was the standard title of a legitimate royal son. This policy had supporters, like Abbot
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632:, who had always claimed the rights as royal representatives which Charles had offered the pope.
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1939:
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1967:
1944:
1914:
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625:
565:
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310:
656:(pennies) minted at Milan and Pavia. Those minted at Milan generally bore the inscription
8:
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In 879, Carloman donated land to the monastery of Santa Cristina by the royal palace at
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317:(literally "most warlike", or in historian Eric Goldberg's words a "real ass-kicker").
2270:
396:). Since this was his first governorship, Louis did not give him rule over the entire
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in 875. Carloman only conquered it in 877. In 879 he was incapacitated, perhaps by a
255:
247:
153:
78:
718:
664:. All had a stylised temple on one side. Carloman did not issue coinage in Bavaria.
374:
In 856, Louis first associated Carloman with his rule by appointing him governor of
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50:
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1840:
1816:
1504:
1463:"Legislation and Politics in Late Carolingian Italy: The Ravenna Constitutions"
746:
609:
604:
602:
In Italy, Carloman confirmed his predecessor's act that made bishops permanent
576:
459:
389:
348:
344:
291:
215:
313:, who bewailed the decline of the dynasty a generation later, called Carloman
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2811:
2301:
2240:
1627:
1348:
652:
439:
409:
85:
1363:. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 342–343.
4544:
1785:
1736:
1330:
Franks, Moravians, and Magyars: The Struggle for the Middle Danube, 788-907
1099:
1097:
699:
694:, the king "was surrounded by Count Ermenpert and some of his soldiers" at
385:
235:
1410:
Struggle for Empire: Kingship and Conflict under Louis the German, 817-876
270:, and abdicated his domains in favour of his younger brothers: Bavaria to
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4156:
4083:
2748:
2654:
1950:
1557:
672:
425:
420:
and taking control over all southeastern regions, advancing further into
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367:
321:
243:
1697:
1487:
462:, including those made to Carloman, a peace settlement was reached in
35:
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2362:
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695:
476:
463:
447:
336:
302:
287:
242:, daughter of a Bavarian count. His father appointed him governor of
1383:
681:
363:
144:
4374:
4137:
3265:
3052:
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2593:
2569:
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2529:
2505:
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2146:
2625:
2617:
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2481:
2473:
2457:
2449:
2378:
2370:
2316:
1282:
1280:
352:
351:, the illegitimate son of Carloman's brother Louis, were both in
329:
165:
483:. Bavaria and southeastern marches were designated to Carloman,
320:
In October 848, Carloman was present at his father's council in
298:
had ruled Alemannia in 741–48, and subjugated it to the Franks.
3633:(1347–1349; Lower: 1349–1353; Landshut: 1353–1375; Upper: 1363)
2553:
2423:
2394:
2386:
1527:. Vol. 15. Leipzig: Duncker und Humblot. pp. 397–400.
1368:
Engreen, Fred E. (1945). "Pope John the Eighth and the Arabs".
726:
267:
223:
1277:
987:
3900:
2431:
592:
557:
239:
190:
1243:
1241:
875:
873:
680:
In Bavaria, Carloman re-founded the palace and monastery at
2402:
1543:. Vol. 11. Berlin: Duncker und Humblot. pp. 275f.
1011:
885:
858:
792:
790:
3876:
1052:
1050:
758:
Most sources place Carloman's death in March 880, but the
400:, with traditional seat of frontier governor (prefect) at
294:
in 829. The first member of the Carolingian dynasty named
1238:
1126:
1124:
1069:
1067:
1065:
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963:
951:
870:
848:
846:
844:
370:
and eastern regions in the second half of the 9th century
358:
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from 888 until 898. It was the last Carolingian kingdom.
1165:
1163:
1136:
902:
900:
787:
2300:
1187:
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1082:
1047:
1023:
917:
915:
1292:
1265:
1148:
1121:
1109:
1062:
841:
829:
819:
817:
624:. After his succession, Carloman supported the dukes,
1304:
1199:
1160:
939:
927:
897:
455:
Carloman, inflicting severe losses on Frankish army.
1253:
1216:
1214:
1175:
1079:
1035:
975:
912:
802:
3803:(Munich: 1460–1508; Landshut: 1503–1508; 1508–1550)
3651:(1347–1349; Lower: 1349–1353; Straubing: 1353–1404)
3642:(1347–1349; Lower: 1349–1353; Straubing: 1353–1388)
814:
775:
579:, dealing with the constant threat of raiders from
552:An original charter in which Carloman confirms the
3598:(1347–1349; Upper: 1349–1351; Landshut: 1373–1379)
1333:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
1427:
1211:
1103:
536:thought Carloman must have been a "mamma's boy" (
250:in 864. Upon his father's death in 876 he became
4694:
676:Carolingian empire in 876, with Bavaria in blue
16:"Karlmann" redirects here. For other uses, see
384:(863), he was given the title "prelate of the
3862:
3068:
2286:
1713:
749:. Regino's entire encomium on Carloman goes:
3747:(Landshut: 1393–1450; Ingolstadt: 1447–1450)
1521:"Karlmann, König von Baiern und von Italien"
1509:Germany in the Early Middle Ages c. 800–1056
1354:"Carloman (King of Bavaria and Italy)"
290:around the time of his father's assembly of
528:, at the time being composed by Archbishop
4109:
3869:
3855:
3075:
3061:
2293:
2279:
1720:
1706:
34:
3699:(Munich: 1397–1438; Straubing: 1429–1438)
3691:(Munich: 1397–1435; Straubing: 1429–1435)
1531:
1486:
1446:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
808:
1435:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1413:. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
1406:
1347:
1286:
1193:
1056:
1029:
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879:
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1367:
1298:
1271:
1247:
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1154:
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713:), a term similar to "the king's son" (
458:In 873, after several interventions of
4695:
3771:(Munich: 1460–1467; Dachau: 1467–1501)
1503:
1326:
1310:
1259:
1205:
1181:
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359:Guardian of the southeastern frontiers
246:in 856, and commander of southeastern
4556:West Francia was in the hands of the
3850:
3056:
2274:
1701:
3082:
737:Regarding Carloman's condition, the
732:
698:, but the count apparently fled to
667:
13:
3723:(1375–1392; Ingolstadt: 1392–1413)
643:, which had been founded by Queen
14:
4759:
4718:9th-century kings of East Francia
543:
44:), from a 12th-century manuscript
4593:
4317:
4136:
4003:
3707:(1375–1392; Landshut: 1392–1393)
2328:
1677:856–863 and 864–876
1479:10.1111/j.1468-0254.2010.00304.x
222:; c. 830 – 22 March 880) was a
3795:(Munich: 1465–1505; 1505–1508)
3715:(1375–1392; Munich: 1392–1397)
1525:Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie
745:), which meant he could write
524:By the 870s, according to the
324:, where the Slavic commander (
1:
3607:(1347–1349; Upper: 1349–1361)
3589:(Upper: 1301–1340; 1340–1347)
3501:(1253–1255; Upper: 1255–1294)
1104:Grierson & Blackburn 1986
479:, thus becoming known as the
281:
4723:9th-century dukes of Bavaria
660:, while those of Pavia bore
7:
3720:Stephen III the Magnificent
1327:Bowlus, Charles R. (1995).
702:, where he was received by
442:, through arrangement with
254:. He was appointed by King
230:. He was the eldest son of
10:
4764:
4713:9th-century kings of Italy
4303:Pepin, Count of Vermandois
3554:Henry XV the Natternberger
3541:(Upper: Regent: 1294–1302)
2222:North German Confederation
2138:Confederation of the Rhine
1593:as King of Eastern Francia
1431:; Blackburn, Mark (1986).
1407:Goldberg, Eric J. (2006).
1319:
258:as his successor, but the
15:
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3908:
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3603:Louis V the Brandenburger
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556:in its possession of the
446:, who captured his uncle
186:
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18:Carloman (disambiguation)
3893:Legend: → ≡ "father of",
3817:Albert V the Magnanimous
3800:William IV the Steadfast
3736:Louis VIII the Hunchback
3314:Henry II the Quarrelsome
2741:(title disputed 887–933)
2190:Archduke John of Austria
1679:
1649:
1625:
1607:
1583:
1541:Neue Deutsche Biographie
769:
42:Karlomannus rex Bawariae
3739:(Ingolstadt: 1443–1445)
3731:(Ingolstadt: 1413–1443)
1461:MacLean, Simon (2010).
1440:MacLean, Simon (2003).
1360:Encyclopædia Britannica
1106:, pp. 227 and 253.
996:, p. 161-164, 170.
650:In Italy, Carloman had
585:San Clemente a Casauria
408:expedition against the
262:was taken by his uncle
4111:Sons of Charles Martel
3927:Childebert the Adopted
3683:(Straubing: 1417-1425)
3675:(Straubing: 1417-1429)
3667:(Straubing: 1404–1417)
3659:(Straubing: 1389–1397)
3405:(1070–1077, 1096–1101)
3381:(1053–1054, 1055–1061)
3349:(1004–1009, 1017–1026)
756:
677:
568:
393:
371:
219:
211:
3878:Pippinids, Arnulfings
3787:(Landshut: 1479–1503)
3779:(Landshut: 1450–1479)
3728:Louis VII the Bearded
3680:John III the Pitiless
3341:(995–1004, 1009–1017)
3330:Henry III the Younger
3250:Louis III the Younger
1467:Early Medieval Europe
1289:, p. 210 n. 127.
764:margrave of Carinthia
751:
675:
551:
481:Division of Frankfurt
470:Division of Frankfurt
366:
4308:Counts of Vermandois
3704:Frederick I the Wise
3490:Otto the Illustrious
3450:Henry XI Jasomirgott
2951:Lothair III (or II)
2304:between 476 and 1556
2203:German Confederation
2157:German Confederation
1553:Carloman of Bavaria
1517:Riezler, Sigmund von
867:, pp. 142, 156.
448:Rastislav of Moravia
418:Rastislav of Moravia
394:praelatus Carantanis
311:Notker of Saint Gall
4738:Carolingian dynasty
4661:Charles of Lorraine
4624:Charles of Lorraine
4494:Louis the Stammerer
4282:Sons of Charlemagne
4171:Charles the Younger
4166:Pepin the Hunchback
3825:William V the Pious
3763:(Munich: 1460–1463)
3755:(Munich: 1438–1460)
3498:Louis II the Strict
3477:(Regent: 1183–1191)
3277:(Margrave: 895–907)
3269:(Margrave: 890–895)
3234:Louis II the German
1742:Carolingian dynasty
1729:Monarchs of Germany
1558:Carolingian dynasty
894:, p. 265 n. 3.
723:monks of Saint Gall
704:Louis the Stammerer
641:church of San Sisto
378:. According to the
228:Carolingian dynasty
60:28 August 876 – 879
4567:Charles the Simple
4508:Charles the Simple
3792:Albert IV the Wise
3744:Henry XVI the Rich
3615:(Upper: 1361–1363)
3581:(Lower: 1339–1340)
3573:(Lower: 1310–1339)
3565:(Lower: 1310–1334)
3557:(Lower: 1312–1333)
3549:(Upper: 1294–1317)
3533:(Lower: 1290–1312)
3525:(Lower: 1290–1310)
3517:(Lower: 1290–1296)
3509:(Lower: 1253–1290)
3458:Henry XII the Lion
3426:Henry IX the Black
3317:(955–976, 985–995)
3110:Bavaria-Ingolstadt
1827:Kingdom of Germany
1791:Kingdom of Germany
1533:Schieffer, Theodor
1250:, pp. 134–36.
1020:, p. 275-276.
1008:, p. 183-184.
972:, p. 140-151.
960:, p. 128-133.
882:, pp. 264–65.
760:Annales Iuvavenses
691:Annales Iuvavenses
678:
571:On 12 August 875,
569:
554:Abbey of Nonantola
526:Annales Bertiniani
517:Annales Bertiniani
431:Replaced by count
424:, up to the river
372:
4733:Frankish warriors
4690:
4689:
4686:
4685:
4539:
4538:
4535:
4534:
4512:Charles the Child
4454:Louis the Younger
4362:Louis II of Italy
4264:
4263:
4233:
4232:
4093:
4092:
3989:Hugh of Champagne
3844:
3843:
3784:George I the Rich
3776:Louis IX the Rich
3125:Bavaria-Straubing
3050:
3049:
2861:Holy Roman Empire
2268:
2267:
2194:
2193:(Imperial Regent)
1832:Holy Roman Empire
1761:Louis the Younger
1696:
1695:
1692:
1680:Succeeded by
1662:
1635:Succeeded by
1611:Louis the Younger
1608:Succeeded by
1596:
1145:, pp. 91–92.
799:, pp. 60–61.
743:litteris eruditus
739:Annales Fuldenses
733:Illness and death
663:
659:
589:Annales Fuldenses
573:Louis II of Italy
493:Louis the Younger
398:March of Pannonia
381:Annales Fuldenses
272:Louis the Younger
256:Louis II of Italy
196:
195:
4755:
4728:Kings of Bavaria
4597:
4552:
4551:
4519:Lothair the Lame
4483:Charles the Bald
4417:Louis the German
4336:
4335:
4321:
4277:
4276:
4153:
4152:
4140:
4106:
4105:
4007:
3954:Chlodulf of Metz
3942:
3941:
3896:* ≡ "brother of"
3871:
3864:
3857:
3848:
3847:
3578:John I the Child
3466:Otto the Redhead
3394:Otto of Nordheim
3115:Bavaria-Landshut
3095:Duchy of Bavaria
3084:Dukes of Bavaria
3077:
3070:
3063:
3054:
3053:
3042:
3034:
3026:
3018:
3010:
3002:
2994:
2986:
2978:
2970:
2962:
2954:
2946:
2938:
2930:
2922:
2914:
2906:
2898:
2890:
2882:
2874:
2855:Kingdom of Italy
2845:
2837:
2823:
2815:
2807:
2793:
2779:
2771:
2757:
2730:
2722:
2714:
2706:
2698:
2690:
2682:
2674:
2666:
2658:
2637:
2629:
2621:
2613:
2605:
2597:
2589:
2581:
2573:
2565:
2557:
2549:
2541:
2533:
2525:
2517:
2509:
2501:
2493:
2485:
2477:
2469:
2461:
2453:
2445:
2435:
2427:
2406:
2398:
2390:
2382:
2374:
2366:
2358:
2350:
2332:
2320:
2295:
2288:
2281:
2272:
2271:
2192:
1751:Louis the German
1722:
1715:
1708:
1699:
1698:
1686:
1656:
1650:Preceded by
1621:Charles the Bald
1618:Preceded by
1590:
1587:Louis the German
1584:Preceded by
1574:
1567:
1549:
1548:
1544:
1528:
1512:
1500:
1490:
1457:
1436:
1429:Grierson, Philip
1424:
1403:
1364:
1356:
1344:
1314:
1308:
1302:
1296:
1290:
1284:
1275:
1269:
1263:
1257:
1251:
1245:
1236:
1218:
1209:
1203:
1197:
1191:
1185:
1179:
1173:
1167:
1158:
1152:
1146:
1140:
1134:
1128:
1119:
1113:
1107:
1101:
1092:
1086:
1077:
1071:
1060:
1054:
1045:
1039:
1033:
1027:
1021:
1015:
1009:
1003:
997:
991:
985:
979:
973:
967:
961:
955:
949:
943:
937:
931:
925:
919:
910:
904:
895:
889:
883:
877:
868:
862:
856:
850:
839:
833:
827:
821:
812:
806:
800:
794:
785:
779:
668:Ruler of Bavaria
661:
657:
558:rural baptistery
530:Hincmar of Reims
307:Charles the Bald
264:Charles the Bald
260:Kingdom of Italy
248:frontier marches
232:Louis the German
206:
38:
26:
25:
4763:
4762:
4758:
4757:
4756:
4754:
4753:
4752:
4693:
4692:
4691:
4682:
4655:
4631:
4598:
4589:
4561:
4546:
4531:
4518:
4514:
4510:
4486:
4477:
4470:
4464:Charles the Fat
4462:
4452:
4436:Louis the Child
4420:
4411:
4392:
4386:
4378:
4370:Louis the Blind
4347:
4331:
4328:Louis the Pious
4322:
4313:
4284:
4271:
4260:
4229:
4218:
4201:
4181:Louis the Pious
4141:
4132:
4113:
4099:
4089:
4067:
4027:
4008:
3999:
3971:
3931:
3904:
3899:
3884:
3875:
3845:
3840:
3261:(King: 882–887)
3258:Charles the Fat
3253:(King: 880–882)
3245:(King: 876–880)
3237:(King: 817–843)
3129:
3086:
3081:
3051:
3046:
3040:
3032:
3024:
3016:
3008:
3000:
2992:
2984:
2976:
2968:
2960:
2952:
2944:
2936:
2928:
2920:
2912:
2904:
2896:
2888:
2880:
2872:
2863:
2858:
2849:
2843:
2835:
2821:
2813:
2805:
2791:
2777:
2769:
2755:
2740:
2734:
2728:
2720:
2712:
2704:
2696:
2688:
2680:
2672:
2664:
2656:
2641:
2635:
2627:
2619:
2611:
2603:
2595:
2587:
2579:
2571:
2563:
2555:
2547:
2539:
2531:
2523:
2515:
2507:
2499:
2491:
2483:
2475:
2467:
2459:
2451:
2443:
2433:
2425:
2410:
2404:
2396:
2388:
2380:
2372:
2364:
2356:
2348:
2333:
2324:
2318:
2305:
2299:
2269:
2264:
2235:
2216:
2197:
2175:
2151:
2132:
1999:Frederick (III)
1830:
1821:
1789:
1780:
1776:Louis the Child
1766:Charles the Fat
1740:
1731:
1726:
1685:
1676:
1673:Pannonian March
1670:
1655:
1640:
1638:Charles the Fat
1631:
1623:
1613:
1604:
1601:King of Bavaria
1589:
1568:
1562:
1561:
1554:
1547:
1505:Reuter, Timothy
1454:
1421:
1384:10.2307/2854614
1341:
1322:
1317:
1309:
1305:
1297:
1293:
1285:
1278:
1270:
1266:
1258:
1254:
1246:
1239:
1219:
1212:
1204:
1200:
1192:
1188:
1180:
1176:
1168:
1161:
1153:
1149:
1141:
1137:
1129:
1122:
1114:
1110:
1102:
1095:
1087:
1080:
1072:
1063:
1055:
1048:
1040:
1036:
1028:
1024:
1016:
1012:
1004:
1000:
992:
988:
980:
976:
968:
964:
956:
952:
944:
940:
932:
928:
920:
913:
905:
898:
890:
886:
878:
871:
863:
859:
851:
842:
834:
830:
822:
815:
807:
803:
795:
788:
780:
776:
772:
735:
670:
662:HCARLEMANNVS RE
546:
501:Charles the Fat
472:
361:
315:bellicosissimus
284:
276:Charles the Fat
252:King of Bavaria
202:
148:
51:King of Bavaria
45:
24:
23:King of Bavaria
21:
12:
11:
5:
4761:
4751:
4750:
4748:Frankish kings
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4688:
4687:
4684:
4683:
4681:
4680:
4677:
4672:
4666:
4664:
4657:
4656:
4654:
4653:
4648:
4642:
4640:
4633:
4632:
4630:
4629:
4626:
4621:
4618:
4615:
4609:
4607:
4600:
4599:
4592:
4590:
4588:
4587:
4584:
4581:
4578:
4572:
4570:
4563:
4562:
4549:
4541:
4540:
4537:
4536:
4533:
4532:
4530:
4529:
4526:
4523:
4520:
4505:
4500:
4490:
4488:
4479:
4478:
4476:
4475:
4457:
4449:
4443:
4438:
4424:
4422:
4413:
4412:
4410:
4409:
4403:
4401:
4394:
4393:
4391:
4390:
4358:
4356:
4349:
4348:
4346:
4345:
4343:Arnulf of Sens
4339:
4333:
4324:
4323:
4316:
4314:
4312:
4311:
4295:
4293:
4286:
4285:
4274:
4266:
4265:
4262:
4261:
4259:
4258:
4255:
4250:
4244:
4242:
4235:
4234:
4231:
4230:
4228:
4227:
4223:
4220:
4219:
4217:
4216:
4212:
4210:
4203:
4202:
4200:
4199:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4162:
4160:
4150:
4143:
4142:
4135:
4133:
4131:
4130:
4124:
4122:
4115:
4114:
4103:
4095:
4094:
4091:
4090:
4088:
4087:
4078:
4076:
4069:
4068:
4066:
4065:
4062:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4038:
4036:
4033:Charles Martel
4029:
4028:
4026:
4025:
4019:
4017:
4010:
4009:
4002:
4000:
3998:
3997:
3994:
3991:
3986:
3982:
3980:
3973:
3972:
3970:
3969:
3957:
3950:Arnulf of Metz
3939:
3933:
3932:
3930:
3929:
3914:
3912:
3906:
3905:
3898:
3897:
3894:
3890:
3889:
3886:
3885:
3874:
3873:
3866:
3859:
3851:
3842:
3841:
3839:
3838:
3830:
3822:
3814:
3805:
3797:
3789:
3781:
3773:
3765:
3757:
3749:
3741:
3733:
3725:
3717:
3709:
3701:
3693:
3685:
3677:
3669:
3661:
3653:
3644:
3635:
3626:
3617:
3609:
3600:
3591:
3583:
3575:
3567:
3559:
3551:
3543:
3535:
3527:
3519:
3511:
3503:
3495:
3487:
3479:
3471:
3463:
3455:
3447:
3439:
3431:
3423:
3415:
3407:
3399:
3391:
3383:
3375:
3367:
3359:
3351:
3343:
3335:
3327:
3319:
3311:
3303:
3295:
3287:
3279:
3271:
3263:
3255:
3247:
3239:
3231:
3223:
3215:
3207:
3199:
3191:
3183:
3175:
3167:
3159:
3151:
3143:
3134:
3131:
3130:
3128:
3127:
3122:
3120:Bavaria-Munich
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3091:
3088:
3087:
3080:
3079:
3072:
3065:
3057:
3048:
3047:
3045:
3044:
3036:
3031:Frederick III
3028:
3020:
3012:
3004:
2996:
2988:
2980:
2972:
2964:
2956:
2948:
2940:
2932:
2924:
2916:
2908:
2900:
2892:
2884:
2876:
2867:
2865:
2851:
2850:
2848:
2847:
2839:
2825:
2817:
2809:
2795:
2781:
2773:
2759:
2744:
2742:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2732:
2724:
2716:
2708:
2700:
2692:
2684:
2676:
2668:
2660:
2651:
2649:
2643:
2642:
2640:
2639:
2631:
2623:
2615:
2607:
2599:
2591:
2583:
2575:
2567:
2559:
2551:
2543:
2535:
2527:
2519:
2511:
2503:
2495:
2487:
2479:
2471:
2463:
2455:
2447:
2437:
2429:
2420:
2418:
2412:
2411:
2409:
2408:
2400:
2392:
2384:
2376:
2368:
2360:
2352:
2343:
2341:
2335:
2334:
2327:
2325:
2323:
2322:
2313:
2311:
2307:
2306:
2302:Kings of Italy
2298:
2297:
2290:
2283:
2275:
2266:
2265:
2263:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2246:
2244:
2237:
2236:
2234:
2233:
2227:
2225:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2214:
2212:Franz Joseph I
2208:
2206:
2199:
2198:
2196:
2195:
2186:
2184:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2173:
2168:
2162:
2160:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2149:
2143:
2141:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1900:Lothair II/III
1897:
1892:
1887:
1880:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1837:
1835:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1819:
1814:
1807:
1802:
1796:
1794:
1782:
1781:
1779:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1747:
1745:
1733:
1732:
1725:
1724:
1717:
1710:
1702:
1694:
1693:
1681:
1678:
1663:
1651:
1647:
1646:
1645:Other offices
1642:
1641:
1636:
1633:
1632:877–880
1624:
1619:
1615:
1614:
1609:
1606:
1605:876–880
1597:
1585:
1581:
1580:
1579:Regnal titles
1576:
1575:
1555:
1552:
1546:
1545:
1529:
1513:
1501:
1473:(4): 394–416.
1458:
1452:
1437:
1425:
1419:
1404:
1365:
1351:, ed. (1911).
1349:Chisholm, Hugh
1345:
1339:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1315:
1313:, p. 117.
1303:
1301:, p. 141.
1291:
1276:
1274:, p. 147.
1264:
1252:
1237:
1210:
1208:, p. 116.
1198:
1196:, p. 183.
1186:
1174:
1159:
1157:, p. 412.
1147:
1135:
1133:, p. 407.
1120:
1118:, p. 399.
1108:
1093:
1078:
1076:, p. 325.
1061:
1059:, p. 305.
1046:
1034:
1032:, p. 267.
1022:
1010:
998:
986:
974:
962:
950:
948:, p. 126.
938:
936:, p. 125.
926:
911:
909:, p. 119.
896:
884:
869:
857:
855:, p. 247.
840:
838:, p. 107.
828:
813:
809:Schieffer 1977
801:
786:
773:
771:
768:
734:
731:
719:Regino of Prüm
711:filius regalis
669:
666:
610:Wibod of Parma
605:missi dominici
577:Pope John VIII
545:
544:Ruler of Italy
542:
538:Muttersöhnchen
471:
468:
460:Pope John VIII
360:
357:
345:Arnulf of Metz
283:
280:
194:
193:
188:
184:
183:
178:
174:
173:
168:
162:
161:
156:
150:
149:
143:
141:
137:
136:
133:
129:
128:
125:
121:
120:
117:
116:
111:
107:
106:
101:
97:
96:
93:
89:
88:
82:
81:
76:
72:
71:
66:
62:
61:
58:
54:
53:
47:
46:
39:
31:
30:
22:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4760:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4700:
4698:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4658:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4634:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4601:
4596:
4585:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4564:
4559:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4542:
4527:
4524:
4521:
4517:
4513:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4495:
4492:
4491:
4489:
4484:
4480:
4473:
4469:
4465:
4461:
4458:
4455:
4450:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4433:
4429:
4426:
4425:
4423:
4418:
4414:
4408:
4405:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4395:
4389:
4385:
4381:
4377:
4376:
4371:
4367:
4363:
4360:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4350:
4344:
4341:
4340:
4337:
4334:
4329:
4325:
4320:
4310:
4309:
4304:
4300:
4297:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4287:
4283:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4267:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4236:
4225:
4224:
4221:
4214:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4204:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4154:
4151:
4148:
4144:
4139:
4129:
4126:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4116:
4112:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4096:
4086:
4085:
4081:Nibelung I →
4080:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4073:Childebrand I
4070:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4030:
4024:
4021:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4011:
4006:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3984:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3974:
3968:
3966:
3962:
3958:
3956:
3955:
3951:
3947:
3946:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3934:
3928:
3924:
3920:
3916:
3915:
3913:
3911:
3907:
3902:
3895:
3892:
3891:
3887:
3883:
3879:
3872:
3867:
3865:
3860:
3858:
3853:
3852:
3849:
3837:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3474:Agnes of Loon
3472:
3470:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3189:(c.716–c.719)
3187:
3184:
3182:
3181:(c.716–c.719)
3179:
3176:
3174:
3173:(c.716–c.719)
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3136:
3135:
3132:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3105:Lower Bavaria
3103:
3101:
3100:Upper Bavaria
3098:
3096:
3093:
3092:
3089:
3085:
3078:
3073:
3071:
3066:
3064:
3059:
3058:
3055:
3043:
3037:
3035:
3029:
3027:
3021:
3019:
3013:
3011:
3005:
3003:
2997:
2995:
2991:Frederick II
2989:
2987:
2981:
2979:
2973:
2971:
2965:
2963:
2957:
2955:
2949:
2947:
2941:
2939:
2933:
2931:
2925:
2923:
2917:
2915:
2909:
2907:
2901:
2899:
2893:
2891:
2885:
2883:
2877:
2875:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2862:
2856:
2852:
2846:
2840:
2838:
2831:
2830:
2826:
2824:
2818:
2816:
2810:
2808:
2801:
2800:
2796:
2794:
2787:
2786:
2782:
2780:
2774:
2772:
2765:
2764:
2760:
2758:
2751:
2750:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2737:
2731:
2725:
2723:
2717:
2715:
2709:
2707:
2701:
2699:
2693:
2691:
2685:
2683:
2677:
2675:
2669:
2667:
2661:
2659:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2648:
2644:
2638:
2632:
2630:
2624:
2622:
2616:
2614:
2608:
2606:
2600:
2598:
2592:
2590:
2584:
2582:
2576:
2574:
2568:
2566:
2560:
2558:
2552:
2550:
2544:
2542:
2536:
2534:
2528:
2526:
2520:
2518:
2512:
2510:
2504:
2502:
2496:
2494:
2488:
2486:
2480:
2478:
2472:
2470:
2464:
2462:
2456:
2454:
2448:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2436:
2430:
2428:
2422:
2421:
2419:
2417:
2413:
2407:
2401:
2399:
2393:
2391:
2385:
2383:
2377:
2375:
2369:
2367:
2361:
2359:
2353:
2351:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2336:
2331:
2321:
2315:
2314:
2312:
2308:
2303:
2296:
2291:
2289:
2284:
2282:
2277:
2276:
2273:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2255:Frederick III
2253:
2251:
2248:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2241:German Empire
2238:
2232:
2229:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2219:
2213:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2200:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2181:German Empire
2178:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2154:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2135:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2083:Ferdinand III
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2063:Maximilian II
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2043:Frederick III
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2028:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2011:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1969:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1885:
1881:
1879:
1878:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1828:
1824:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1812:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1787:
1783:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1723:
1718:
1716:
1711:
1709:
1704:
1703:
1700:
1691:
1690:
1684:
1675:
1674:
1669:
1661:
1660:
1654:
1648:
1643:
1639:
1630:
1629:
1628:King of Italy
1622:
1616:
1612:
1603:
1602:
1595:
1594:
1588:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1565:
1560:
1559:
1550:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1459:
1455:
1453:9781139440295
1449:
1445:
1444:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1420:9780801438905
1416:
1412:
1411:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1378:(3): 318–30.
1377:
1373:
1372:
1366:
1362:
1361:
1355:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1340:9780812232769
1336:
1332:
1331:
1325:
1324:
1312:
1307:
1300:
1295:
1288:
1287:Goldberg 2006
1283:
1281:
1273:
1268:
1262:, p. 83.
1261:
1256:
1249:
1244:
1242:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1217:
1215:
1207:
1202:
1195:
1194:Goldberg 2006
1190:
1184:, p. 87.
1183:
1178:
1172:, p. 94.
1171:
1166:
1164:
1156:
1151:
1144:
1139:
1132:
1127:
1125:
1117:
1112:
1105:
1100:
1098:
1091:, p. 75.
1090:
1085:
1083:
1075:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1058:
1057:Goldberg 2006
1053:
1051:
1044:, p. 76.
1043:
1038:
1031:
1030:Goldberg 2006
1026:
1019:
1018:Goldberg 2006
1014:
1007:
1002:
995:
990:
984:, p. 90.
983:
978:
971:
966:
959:
954:
947:
942:
935:
930:
924:, p. 73.
923:
918:
916:
908:
903:
901:
893:
892:Goldberg 2006
888:
881:
880:Goldberg 2006
876:
874:
866:
865:Goldberg 2006
861:
854:
853:Goldberg 2006
849:
847:
845:
837:
836:Goldberg 2006
832:
826:, p. 72.
825:
820:
818:
810:
805:
798:
797:Goldberg 2006
793:
791:
783:
782:Chisholm 1911
778:
774:
767:
765:
761:
755:
750:
748:
744:
740:
730:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
707:
705:
701:
697:
693:
692:
687:
683:
674:
665:
655:
654:
648:
647:in Piacenza.
646:
642:
638:
633:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
606:
600:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
581:Muslim Sicily
578:
574:
567:
563:
559:
555:
550:
541:
539:
535:
534:Ernst Dümmler
531:
527:
522:
519:
518:
513:
509:
504:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
467:
465:
461:
456:
453:
449:
445:
441:
440:Great Moravia
436:
434:
429:
427:
423:
419:
413:
411:
410:Great Moravia
405:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
382:
377:
369:
365:
356:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
333:
331:
327:
323:
318:
316:
312:
308:
304:
299:
297:
293:
289:
279:
277:
274:and Italy to
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
200:
192:
189:
185:
182:
179:
175:
172:
169:
167:
163:
160:
157:
155:
151:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
115:
112:
108:
105:
102:
98:
94:
90:
87:
86:King of Italy
83:
80:
77:
73:
70:
67:
63:
59:
55:
52:
48:
43:
37:
32:
27:
19:
4427:
4373:
4306:
4281:
4110:
4101:Carolingians
4082:
3959:
3948:
3882:Carolingians
3835:
3833:Maximilian I
3827:
3819:
3811:
3802:
3794:
3786:
3778:
3770:
3762:
3754:
3746:
3738:
3730:
3722:
3714:
3706:
3698:
3690:
3682:
3674:
3666:
3658:
3650:
3641:
3632:
3623:
3614:
3606:
3597:
3588:
3580:
3572:
3564:
3556:
3548:
3540:
3532:
3524:
3516:
3508:
3500:
3492:
3484:
3476:
3468:
3460:
3452:
3444:
3436:
3428:
3420:
3412:
3404:
3396:
3388:
3380:
3372:
3364:
3356:
3348:
3340:
3332:
3324:
3316:
3308:
3300:
3292:
3284:
3276:
3268:
3260:
3252:
3244:
3241:
3236:
3228:
3220:
3212:
3204:
3196:
3188:
3180:
3172:
3164:
3156:
3148:
3140:
2967:Frederick I
2834:Berengar II
2827:
2797:
2783:
2761:
2747:
2739:Non-dynastic
2711:Charles III
2702:
2655:Charlemagne
2647:Carolingians
2440:
2310:Non-dynastic
2088:Ferdinand IV
2078:Ferdinand II
2048:Maximilian I
2025:
2008:
1966:
1951:Henry (VIII)
1949:
1935:Frederick II
1890:Conrad (III)
1882:
1875:
1809:
1786:East Francia
1755:
1737:East Francia
1688:
1687:
1666:Governor of
1665:
1658:
1657:
1626:
1599:
1592:
1591:
1573:22 March 880
1570:
1563:
1556:
1540:
1524:
1508:
1470:
1466:
1442:
1432:
1409:
1375:
1369:
1358:
1329:
1306:
1299:MacLean 2003
1294:
1272:MacLean 2010
1267:
1255:
1248:MacLean 2003
1228:
1224:
1201:
1189:
1177:
1170:MacLean 2003
1155:MacLean 2010
1150:
1143:MacLean 2003
1138:
1131:MacLean 2010
1116:MacLean 2010
1111:
1074:Engreen 1945
1037:
1025:
1013:
1001:
989:
977:
965:
953:
941:
929:
887:
860:
831:
804:
777:
759:
757:
752:
742:
738:
736:
715:filius regis
714:
710:
708:
700:West Francia
689:
679:
658:CARLOMAN REX
651:
649:
634:
613:
603:
601:
588:
570:
561:
537:
525:
523:
515:
507:
505:
480:
473:
457:
437:
430:
414:
406:
386:Carantanians
379:
373:
334:
325:
319:
314:
300:
285:
236:East Francia
226:king of the
198:
197:
135:22 March 880
41:
4503:Carloman II
4270:Carolingian
4157:Charlemagne
4084:Nibelungids
3917:Carloman →
3836:(1597–1623)
3828:(1579–1597)
3820:(1550–1579)
3812:(1516–1545)
3688:William III
3624:(1347–1365)
3493:(1231–1253)
3485:(1183–1231)
3469:(1180–1183)
3461:(1156–1180)
3453:(1143–1156)
3445:(1139–1141)
3437:(1126–1138)
3429:(1120–1126)
3421:(1101–1120)
3413:(1077–1096)
3397:(1061–1070)
3389:(1054–1055)
3373:(1049–1053)
3365:(1042–1047)
3357:(1026–1042)
3226:Tassilo III
3165:(c.680–716)
3154:Garibald II
3041:(1530–1556)
3033:(1452–1493)
3025:(1431–1437)
3017:(1355–1378)
3015:Charles IV
3009:(1327–1347)
3001:(1311–1313)
2993:(1212–1250)
2985:(1209–1212)
2977:(1186–1197)
2969:(1154–1186)
2961:(1138–1152)
2959:Conrad III
2953:(1125–1137)
2945:(1106–1125)
2937:(1093–1101)
2929:(1056–1105)
2921:(1039–1056)
2913:(1026–1039)
2905:(1004–1024)
2897:(1002–1014)
2820:Lothair II
2754:Berengar I
2749:Unruochings
2695:Charles II
2634:Desiderius
2610:Hildeprand
2586:Aripert II
2441:Interregnum
2243:(1871–1918)
2224:(1867–1871)
2205:(1850–1866)
2183:(1848/1849)
2171:Ferdinand I
2159:(1815–1848)
2140:(1806–1813)
2108:Charles VII
2058:Ferdinand I
1940:Henry (VII)
1915:Frederick I
1311:Reuter 1991
1260:Reuter 1991
1206:Reuter 1991
1182:Reuter 1991
1089:Reuter 1991
1042:Reuter 1991
1006:Bowlus 1995
994:Bowlus 1995
982:Reuter 1991
970:Bowlus 1995
958:Bowlus 1995
946:Bowlus 1995
934:Bowlus 1995
922:Reuter 1991
907:Bowlus 1995
824:Reuter 1991
514:, whom the
220:Carlomannus
171:Carolingian
114:Charles III
100:Predecessor
65:Predecessor
4743:Carantania
4708:880 deaths
4703:830 births
4697:Categories
4637:Lothair IV
4613:Lothair IV
4558:Robertians
4474:→ Adalbert
4446:Zwentibold
4380:Lothair II
4014:Grimoald I
3967:, his sons
3937:Arnulfings
3923:Grimoald I
3752:Albert III
3672:Jacqueline
3664:William II
3629:Stephen II
3612:Meinhard I
3506:Henry XIII
3410:Henry VIII
3378:Henry VIII
3186:Tassilo II
3138:Garibald I
3039:Charles V
3023:Sigismund
2999:Henry VII
2935:Conrad II
2919:Henry III
2911:Conrad II
2889:(996–1002)
2864:(962–1556)
2679:Lothair I
2602:Liutprand
2578:Raginpert
2538:Perctarit
2514:Perctarit
2498:Aripert I
2363:Theodahad
2355:Athalaric
2347:Theodoric
2339:Ostrogoths
2260:William II
2147:Napoleon I
2128:Francis II
2123:Leopold II
2103:Charles VI
2016:Wenceslaus
2004:Charles IV
1910:Henry (VI)
1905:Conrad III
1834:(962–1806)
1829:within the
1739:during the
1668:Carantania
1537:"Karlmann"
1511:. Longman.
1488:10023/4177
1225:Scriptores
645:Engelberga
614:districtio
597:capitulary
376:Carantania
368:Carantania
322:Regensburg
282:Early life
244:Carantania
234:, king of
104:Charles II
40:Carloman (
4498:Louis III
4448:→ Godfrey
4366:Ermengard
4353:Lothair I
4198:Theoderic
4147:Pepin III
4047:Pepin III
4023:Theudoald
3961:Ansegisel
3910:Pippinids
3768:Sigismund
3656:Albert II
3638:William I
3570:Henry XIV
3546:Rudolph I
3522:Stephen I
3514:Louis III
3442:Leopold I
3386:Conrad II
3362:Henry VII
3333:(983–985)
3325:(976–982)
3309:(947–955)
3301:(938–947)
3293:(937–938)
3285:(907–937)
3229:(748–788)
3213:(736–748)
3205:(725–736)
3197:(715–725)
3170:Theodbert
3157:(610–625)
3149:(591–610)
3146:Tassilo I
3141:(555–591)
3007:Louis IV
2975:Henry VI
2927:Henry IV
2903:Henry II
2895:Arduin I
2887:Otto III
2881:(980–983)
2873:(962–973)
2844:(950–963)
2842:Adalbert
2836:(950–963)
2829:Anscarids
2822:(945–950)
2814:(926–947)
2806:(900–905)
2804:Louis II
2792:(922–933)
2778:(891–897)
2770:(889–894)
2763:Guideschi
2756:(887–924)
2721:(896–899)
2713:(879–887)
2705:(877–879)
2703:Carloman
2697:(875–877)
2689:(855–875)
2681:(818–855)
2673:(810–818)
2665:(781–810)
2657:(774–814)
2636:(756–774)
2628:(749–756)
2620:(744–749)
2604:(712–744)
2594:Ansprand
2588:(702–712)
2572:(700–702)
2570:Liutpert
2564:(689–700)
2562:Cunipert
2548:(688–689)
2546:Cunipert
2540:(671–688)
2530:Garibald
2524:(662–671)
2522:Grimoald
2516:(661–662)
2508:(661–662)
2506:Godepert
2500:(653–661)
2492:(652–653)
2484:(636-652)
2476:(626–636)
2468:(616–626)
2466:Adaloald
2460:(590–616)
2452:(584–590)
2444:(574–584)
2434:(572–574)
2426:(568–572)
2405:(552–553)
2397:(541–552)
2381:(540–541)
2373:(536–540)
2365:(534–536)
2357:(526–534)
2349:(493–526)
2319:(476–493)
2250:William I
2231:William I
2166:Francis I
2118:Joseph II
2113:Francis I
2093:Leopold I
2068:Rudolf II
2053:Charles V
2038:Albert II
2033:Sigismund
1989:Henry VII
1945:Conrad IV
1866:Henry III
1861:Conrad II
1793:(919–962)
1788:(911–919)
1744:(843–911)
1497:154906554
1400:154749195
696:Ergolding
626:Lambert I
497:Alamannia
489:Franconia
477:Frankfurt
464:Forchheim
452:Methodius
444:Svatopluk
433:Gundachar
337:Kraichgau
288:Alemannia
204:‹See Tfd›
147:, Bavaria
110:Successor
79:Louis III
75:Successor
4604:Louis IV
4576:Louis IV
4516:Carloman
4456:→ Louis
4428:Carloman
4407:Pepin II
4375:Bosonids
4253:Adalhard
4207:Carloman
4119:Carloman
4064:Remigius
4042:Carloman
3965:Pepin II
3647:Albert I
3620:Louis VI
3586:Louis IV
3530:Otto III
3370:Conrad I
3354:Henry VI
3338:Henry IV
3298:Berthold
3290:Eberhard
3274:Luitpold
3266:Engeldeo
3242:Carloman
3194:Grimoald
3178:Theobald
2983:Otto IV
2943:Henry V
2879:Otto II
2799:Bosonids
2790:Rudolph
2776:Lambert
2687:Louis I
2671:Bernard
2626:Aistulf
2618:Ratchis
2490:Rodoald
2482:Rothari
2474:Arioald
2458:Agilulf
2450:Authari
2416:Lombards
2379:Ildibad
2371:Vitiges
2317:Odoacer
2098:Joseph I
2073:Matthias
1994:Louis IV
1984:Albert I
1974:Rudolf I
1920:Henry VI
1871:Henry IV
1856:Henry II
1851:Otto III
1800:Conrad I
1756:Carloman
1689:as count
1671:and the
1659:as count
1535:(1977).
1519:(1882).
1507:(1991).
1371:Speculum
721:and the
622:Camerino
510:) named
296:Carloman
224:Frankish
212:Karlmann
199:Carloman
181:Louis II
69:Louis II
29:Carloman
4679:Charles
4646:Louis V
4617:Charles
4547:Francia
4528:Charles
4468:Bernard
4398:Pepin I
4388:Charles
4299:Bernard
4257:Bernhar
4239:Bernard
4185:Lothair
4057:Bernard
3993:Godfrey
3919:Pepin I
3810:, Duke
3808:Louis X
3760:John IV
3712:John II
3562:Otto VI
3538:Matilda
3482:Louis I
3434:Henry X
3418:Welf II
3346:Henry V
3306:Henry I
3202:Hugbert
2871:Otto I
2857:within
2727:Ratold
2719:Arnulf
2554:Alahis
2424:Alboin
2395:Totila
2387:Eraric
2010:Günther
1968:Alfonso
1962:Richard
1957:William
1930:Otto IV
1895:Henry V
1884:Hermann
1846:Otto II
1805:Henry I
1392:2854614
1320:Sources
653:denarii
630:Guy III
618:Spoleto
612:of the
566:Lizzano
422:Bavaria
353:Koblenz
330:Pribina
303:Lothair
166:Dynasty
95:877–879
4663:, sons
4651:Arnulf
4639:, sons
4606:, sons
4586:Rorico
4580:Arnulf
4569:, sons
4472:Ratold
4441:Ratold
4432:Arnulf
4355:, sons
4272:Empire
4241:, sons
4159:, sons
4149:, sons
4061:Jerome
4035:, sons
3985:Arnulf
3979:, sons
3696:Ernest
3594:Otto V
3402:Welf I
3322:Otto I
3282:Arnulf
3162:Theodo
2663:Pepin
2432:Cleph
2021:Rupert
1925:Philip
1877:Rudolf
1841:Otto I
1817:Otto I
1811:Arnulf
1771:Arnulf
1653:Radbod
1569:
1566:c. 830
1495:
1450:
1417:
1398:
1390:
1337:
1233:p. 742
727:stroke
682:Ötting
512:Ernest
495:, and
485:Saxony
341:Arnulf
268:stroke
238:, and
208:German
187:Mother
177:Father
159:Arnulf
145:Ötting
140:Burial
127:c. 830
4675:Louis
4628:Henry
4620:Louis
4583:Drogo
4525:Pepin
4522:Drogo
4400:, son
4292:, son
4290:Pepin
4226:Pepin
4215:Pepin
4209:, son
4189:Drogo
4176:Pepin
4128:Drogo
4121:, son
4098:Early
4075:, son
4052:Grifo
4016:, son
3996:Pepin
3977:Drogo
3901:Begga
3221:(748)
3218:Grifo
3210:Odilo
2812:Hugh
2785:Welfs
2729:(896)
2612:(744)
2596:(712)
2580:(701)
2556:(689)
2532:(671)
2403:Teia
2389:(541)
2027:Jobst
1979:Adolf
1683:Aribo
1571:Died:
1564:Born:
1493:S2CID
1396:S2CID
1388:JSTOR
770:Notes
747:Latin
686:Baldo
637:Olona
593:Pavia
564:) in
562:pieve
402:Tulln
390:Latin
292:Worms
240:Hemma
216:Latin
191:Hemma
154:Issue
92:Reign
57:Reign
4670:Otto
4545:West
4487:sons
4460:Hugh
4451:Otto
4421:sons
4384:Hugh
4332:sons
4248:Wala
4194:Hugh
3880:and
2859:the
2768:Guy
1448:ISBN
1415:ISBN
1335:ISBN
628:and
620:and
487:and
349:Hugh
305:and
132:Died
124:Born
3649:,
3640:,
3631:,
3622:,
3605:,
3596:,
1483:hdl
1475:doi
1380:doi
1221:MGH
540:).
508:dux
499:to
491:to
426:Inn
388:" (
326:dux
4699::
4496:→
4466:→
4434:→
4430:→
4382:→
4372:→
4368:→
4364:→
4305:→
4301:→
3963:→
3952:→
3925:→
3921:→
2832::
2802::
2788::
2766::
2752::
1539:.
1523:.
1491:.
1481:.
1471:18
1469:.
1465:.
1394:.
1386:.
1376:20
1374:.
1357:.
1279:^
1240:^
1231:,
1229:30
1227:,
1223:,
1213:^
1162:^
1123:^
1096:^
1081:^
1064:^
1049:^
914:^
899:^
872:^
843:^
816:^
789:^
706:.
412:.
392::
328:)
278:.
218::
214:,
210::
4485:,
4419:,
4330:,
3870:e
3863:t
3856:v
3076:e
3069:t
3062:v
2294:e
2287:t
2280:v
1721:e
1714:t
1707:v
1499:.
1485::
1477::
1456:.
1423:.
1402:.
1382::
1343:.
811:.
784:.
560:(
201:(
20:.
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