244:, and substrate selection is thought to be regulated in vivo via subcellular localization and docking sites in specific substrates. One consensus phosphorylation site is S/Tp-X-X-S/T, where S/Tp refers to a phospho-serine or phospho-threonine, X refers to any amino acid, and the underlined residues refer to the target site. Thus, this CKI consensus site requires priming by another kinase. CKI also phosphorylates a related unprimed site, which optimally contains a cluster of acidic amino acids N-terminal to the target S/T including an acidic residue at n − 3 and a hydrophobic region C-terminal to the target S/T. A single acidic residue in the n − 3 position is not sufficient for CKI phosphorylation. In contrast, in several important targets, NF-AT and beta-catenin, CKI does not require n − 3 priming but, instead, phosphorylates the first serine in the sequence S-L-S, which is followed by a cluster of acidic residues, albeit less efficiently than the optimal sites.
722:
488:
375:
262:
601:
120:
2395:
967:
degradation as a critical determinant in establishing 24-h rhythmicity. In addition to influencing protein degradation, DBT affects the timing of nuclear accumulation of PER. The short-period mutant dbtS delays PER nuclear accumulation, which is independent of PER protein stability, and arrhythmic alleles of dbt cause nuclear accumulation of PER in clock-containing cells of larval and adult
1029:. The effects of phosphorylation are two-fold. It has been shown in Drosophila that phosphorylation of the PER proteins increase their ubiquitination, which leads to degradation. Phosphorylation of the PER proteins also leaves them unable to enter the nucleus, where they suppress transcription of clock genes. The blocking of nuclear translocation occurs via phosphorylation of PER at the
1033:, which masks the signal and prevents nuclear entry. However, this CK1ε-mediated constraint to the cytoplasm can be overcome when the PER protein complex is bound to CRY. CK1ε has been shown to phosphorylate CRY when both CK1ε and CRY are complexed with PER in vitro, but the functional significance of this remains undetermined.
974:
Both mammalian CK1δ and CK1ε contain closely related 123-amino-acid carboxy-terminal domains that can auto-regulate kinase activity. CK1δ and CK1ε are 53% identical. These domains are not related to the carboxy-terminal domain of double-time, suggesting a split in the evolution of the mammalian and
942:
DBT has been shown to physically interact with PER in vitro and in vivo, and to create a stable complex with PER throughout the circadian cycle. PER that has been phosphorylated by DBT is recognized by the Slimb protein. Slimb is a component of the Skp1/Cullin/F-box protein (SCF) ubiquitin ligase
1084:
mutant has proven to be a valuable research tool in circadian biology. CK1ɛ, a T178C substitution, is a gain-of function mutation that causes an increase in degradation of PER, but not CRY. This creates a disruption in the PER-regulated feedback loop and consequently an acceleration of molecular
966:
and causes arrhythmia. PER protein in this mutant is hypophosphorylated. Each of these mutations maps to the kinase domain of DBT gene. The short- and long-period alleles of DBT enhance or attenuate, respectively, PER degradation in the nucleus, further demonstrating the importance of timely PER
2178:
Meng, Qing-Jun; Logunova, Larisa; Maywood, Elizabeth S.; Gallego, Monica; Lebiecki, Jake; Brown, Timothy M.; Sládek, Martin; Semikhodskii, Andrei S.; Glossop, Nicholas R.J.; Piggins, Hugh D.; Chesham, Johanna E.; Bechtold, David A.; Yoo, Seung-Hee; Takahashi, Joseph S.; Virshup, David M. (April
239:
and have been identified in the membranes, nucleus, and cytoplasm of eukaryotes and additionally in the mitotic spindle in mammalian cells. The family members have the highest homology in their kinase domains (53%–98% identical) and differ from most other protein kinases by the presence of the
1105:
CK1δ and CK1ε were thought to be generally redundant in circadian cycle length and protein stability. Recent research, however, has shown that CK1δ deficiency lengthens circadian period while CK1ε deficiency does not. Also, CK1α has recently been suggested to play a role redundant to CK1δ in
1065:(FASPS). Similarly, length variations in the CK1ε phosphorylation site of PER3 have been found to correlate with 'morningness' and 'eveningness'; longer alleles are associated with early risers while shorter alleles are associated with late risers. Additionally, 75% of patients with
1060:
CK1δ and CK1ε have been shown to be relevant in human disease. Recent findings indicate that pharmaceutical inhibition of CK1 may be a promising therapeutic for aberrant circadian rhythm. Mutations and variants of the CK1ε phosphorylation site of PER2 are associated with cases of
837:
Casein kinase activity was found to be present in most cell types and to be associated with multiple enzymes. The type 1 casein kinase family of related gene products are now given designations such as "casein kinase 1 alpha" and "casein kinase 1 epsilon".
943:
complex, which marks proteins for proteosomal degradation in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. Enhanced PER degradation in the cytoplasm is predicted to delay nuclear translocation of both PER and TIM, and to thus affect the period of circadian rhythms.
926:
The role of CK1 in mammalian circadian rhythms was first identified through a spontaneous mutation in hamsters. Homologs were subsequently identified in mice, and characterisation shows it plays a similar role to that proposed for
Drosophila.
3155:
Meng QJ, Logunova L, Maywood ES, Gallego M, Lebiecki J, Brown TM, Sládek M, Semikhodskii AS, Glossop NR, Piggins HD, Chesham JE, Bechtold DA, Yoo SH, Takahashi JS, Virshup DM, Boot-Handford RP, Hastings MH, Loudon AS (April 2008).
875:
cells. Wnt binding to LRP causes a rapid increase in phosphorylation of the cytoplasmic domain of LRP by CK1gamma. Phosphorylation of LRP6 by CK1gamma promotes binding of axin to LRP and activation of the Wnt signaling pathway.
864:
casein kinase 1 gamma (CK1gamma) is associated with the cell membrane and binds to LRP. CK1gamma was found to be needed for Wnt signaling through LRP, and is both necessary and sufficient to transduce LRP6 signaling in
3419:
Behrend L, Stöter M, Kurth M, Rutter G, Heukeshoven J, Deppert W, Knippschild U (April 2000). "Interaction of casein kinase 1 delta (CK1delta) with post-Golgi structures, microtubules and the spindle apparatus".
914:
showed that mutations in double-time altered circadian rhythm. They found two DBT mutants that had abnormal free-running periods and one that was pupal-lethal but resulted in accumulations of hypophosphorylated
2796:
Xu Y, Padiath QS, Shapiro RE, Jones CR, Wu SC, Saigoh N, Saigoh K, Ptácek LJ, Fu YH (March 2005). "Functional consequences of a CKIdelta mutation causing familial advanced sleep phase syndrome".
2847:
Meng QJ, Maywood ES, Bechtold DA, Lu WQ, Li J, Gibbs JE, Dupré SM, Chesham JE, Rajamohan F, Knafels J, Sneed B, Zawadzke LE, Ohren JF, Walton KM, Wager TT, Hastings MH, Loudon AS (August 2010).
3864:
1939:
Davidson G, Wu W, Shen J, Bilic J, Fenger U, Stannek P, Glinka A, Niehrs C (December 2005). "Casein kinase 1 gamma couples Wnt receptor activation to cytoplasmic signal transduction".
1097:). Recent research has also identified a link between mutations in the CK1δ gene and familial migraine and advanced sleep phase, a finding that was replicated in mice migraine models.
4149:
1479:"Synergistic phosphorylation of rabbit muscle glycogen synthase by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase and casein kinase I. Implications for hormonal regulation of glycogen synthase"
1134:
promotes nuclear accumulation of eIF6. It is unclear whether the same mechanism is responsible for eIF6 cycling in yeast and if other kinases also play roles in these processes.
94:
had been purified, and most attention was centered on kinases and phosphatases that could regulate the activity of important enzymes. Casein kinase activity associated with the
930:
In 2021, scientists reported the development of a light-responsive days-lasting modulator of circadian rhythms of tissues via Ck1 inhibition. Such modulators may be useful for
1044:
is a CK1ε substrate in vitro, and increased CK1ε activity has been shown to positively regulate transcription of genes under the influence of BMAL1-dependent circadian gene
2475:
Knippschild U, Gocht A, Wolff S, Huber N, Löhler J, Stöter M (June 2005). "The casein kinase 1 family: participation in multiple cellular processes in eukaryotes".
66:
inside cells can sometimes undergo rapid exchange of new phosphate for old. In order to perform experiments that would allow isolation and characterization of the
3857:
919:
protein. Since then, double-time's protein product DBT has been well characterized for its role in phosphorylating PER, the protein product of clock gene
1733:"A noncanonical sequence phosphorylated by casein kinase 1 in beta-catenin may play a role in casein kinase 1 targeting of important signaling proteins"
3850:
4057:
2510:
Lin JM, Kilman VL, Keegan K, Paddock B, Emery-Le M, Rosbash M, Allada R (2002). "A role for casein kinase 2alpha in the
Drosophila circadian clock".
3158:"Setting clock speed in mammals: the CK1 epsilon tau mutation in mice accelerates circadian pacemakers by selectively destabilizing PERIOD proteins"
1062:
767:
642:
521:
408:
295:
153:
2911:"High-throughput chemical screen identifies a novel potent modulator of cellular circadian rhythms and reveals CKIα as a clock regulatory kinase"
5402:
3106:
Etchegaray JP, Machida KK, Noton E, Constance CM, Dallmann R, Di Napoli MN, DeBruyne JP, Lambert CM, Yu EA, Reppert SM, Weaver DR (July 2009).
3472:
2181:"Setting Clock Speed in Mammals: The CK1ɛ tau Mutation in Mice Accelerates Circadian Pacemakers by Selectively Destabilizing PERIOD Proteins"
5444:
4605:
3908:
2960:
Archer, Simon N.; Robilliard, Donna L.; Skene, Debra J.; Smits, Marcel; Williams, Adrian; Arendt, Josephine; von
Schantz, Malcolm (2003).
856:
In plants the phosphorylation of protein Jade-1 is regulated by casein kinase 1. In humans there are three casein kinase 1 gamma enzymes.
5553:
2909:
Hirota T, Lee JW, Lewis WG, Zhang EE, Breton G, Liu X, Garcia M, Peters EC, Etchegaray JP, Traver D, Schultz PG, Kay SA (December 2010).
4291:
4178:
1076:
mutant, which has a freerunning period of 22hrs, was the first mammalian circadian mutant discovered. Twelve years later in 2000, the
4566:
3316:"Opposing action of casein kinase 1 and calcineurin in nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling of mammalian translation initiation factor eIF6"
5539:
5358:
5004:
4600:
4590:
4585:
3895:
3877:
2277:
Takano A, Shimizu K, Kani S, Buijs RM, Okada M, Nagai K (July 2000). "Cloning and characterization of rat casein kinase 1epsilon".
5641:
5522:
2962:"A Length Polymorphism in the Circadian Clock Gene Per3 is Linked to Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome and Extreme Diurnal Preference"
1792:"Analysis of combinatorial effects of Wnts and Frizzleds on beta-catenin/armadillo stabilization and Dishevelled phosphorylation"
5228:
4097:
300:
772:
647:
526:
413:
158:
5292:
4267:
235:, but encoded by distinct genes): alpha, beta 1, gamma 1, gamma 2, gamma 3, delta, and epsilon. Isoforms range from 22 to 55
3205:
Brennan KC, Bates EA, Shapiro RE, Zyuzin J, Hallows WC, Huang Y, Lee HY, Jones CR, Fu YH, Charles AC, Ptáček LJ (May 2013).
5548:
1888:
Borgal L, Rinschen MM, Dafinger C, Hoff S, Reinert MJ, Lamkemeyer T, Lienkamp SS, Benzing T, Schermer B (September 2014).
4082:
3719:
779:
654:
533:
420:
307:
165:
950:
to serine substitution at residue 47 , shortens period length by about 6 h. dbtL contains an amino acid substitution of
5280:
3687:
1438:"Optimal sequences for non-phosphate-directed phosphorylation by protein kinase CK1 (casein kinase-1)--a re-evaluation"
240:
sequence S-I-N instead of A-P-E in kinase domain VIII. The family members appear to have similar substrate specificity
5605:
1386:"Protein kinases 6. The eukaryotic protein kinase superfamily: kinase (catalytic) domain structure and classification"
4537:
4527:
4212:
3465:
1072:
Mutations in CK1 have been shown to alter circadian behavior in other mammals, as well. In 1988, the golden hamster
3842:
1093:)) show a significant decrease in period, both in vivo (behaviorally) and in vitro (measured by firing rates of the
5219:
2561:
Ochoa J, Marotte L (August 1973). "The nature of the nerve lesion caused by chronic entrapment in the guinea-pig".
1731:
Marin O, Bustos VH, Cesaro L, Meggio F, Pagano MA, Antonelli M, Allende CC, Pinna LA, Allende JE (September 2003).
1177:, the kinase was recruited during mitosis in cells with DNA damage, indicative of a role for CKIδ in arranging the
5488:
5160:
4522:
4513:
884:
846:
99:
50:, circadian rhythms, nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling of transcription factors, DNA repair, and DNA transcription.
1345:"Isolation and characterization of human casein kinase I epsilon (CKI), a novel member of the CKI gene family"
4903:
4400:
4391:
4048:
3994:
3044:
Lowrey PL, Shimomura K, Antoch MP, Yamazaki S, Zemenides PD, Ralph MR, Menaker M, Takahashi JS (April 2000).
2238:"The doubletime and CKII kinases collaborate to potentiate Drosophila PER transcriptional repressor activity"
958:
at residue 80 (M80I) and lengthens period to 29 h. A third mutation, dbtAR, is associated with a change from
91:
5708:
4091:
3714:
3458:
1130:. Phosphorylation of Ser-174 and Ser-175 by CKI promotes nuclear export of eIF6 while dephosphorylation by
1066:
891:
are essential in the genetic transcription-translation (and post-translation) feedback loops that generate
1114:
CKIα or CKIδ is essential in modulating the nuclear export of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 6 (
2320:
2084:"The Drosophila clock gene double-time encodes a protein closely related to human casein kinase Iepsilon"
1030:
5115:
4933:
4429:
3533:
3516:
3499:
1600:
Zhu J, Shibasaki F, Price R, Guillemot JC, Yano T, Dötsch V, Wagner G, Ferrara P, McKeon F (May 1998).
1141:) through observation that the transcription factor Crz1p is phosphorylated by a CKI homolog in yeast.
3256:"Nuclear Entry of the Circadian Regulator mPER1 Is Controlled by Mammalian Casein Kinase I varepsilon"
1641:
Amit S, Hatzubai A, Birman Y, Andersen JS, Ben-Shushan E, Mann M, Ben-Neriah Y, Alkalay I (May 2002).
5105:
5100:
5095:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5065:
4860:
4635:
4231:
3729:
3724:
3538:
3046:"Positional syntenic cloning and functional characterization of the mammalian circadian mutation tau"
1643:"Axin-mediated CKI phosphorylation of beta-catenin at Ser 45: a molecular switch for the Wnt pathway"
2654:"The circadian regulatory proteins BMAL1 and cryptochromes are substrates of casein kinase Iepsilon"
5713:
5328:
5319:
5270:
4036:
3881:
3821:
3511:
2746:"Nuclear entry of the circadian regulator mPER1 is controlled by mammalian casein kinase I epsilon"
223:
The CK1 family of monomeric serine–threonine protein kinases is found in eukaryotic organisms from
71:
24:
1137:
CKI homologs are also implicated in cytoplasmic shuttling of nuclear factor of activated T-cells (
5628:
5051:
3649:
3621:
3548:
3528:
2849:"Entrainment of disrupted circadian behavior through inhibition of casein kinase 1 (CK1) enzymes"
1094:
986:
871:
1259:
3661:
3634:
3001:
Ralph MR, Menaker M (September 1988). "A mutation of the circadian system in golden hamsters".
1831:
Zeng X, Tamai K, Doble B, Li S, Huang H, Habas R, Okamura H, Woodgett J, He X (December 2005).
1560:
1519:
1478:
1300:
98:
of mammary glands was first characterized in 1974, and its activity was shown to not depend on
2345:
Kolarski D, Miró-Vinyals C, Sugiyama A, Srivastava A, Ono D, Nagai Y, et al. (May 2021).
4327:
3787:
3749:
3629:
3575:
3553:
3506:
850:
95:
47:
3367:"Negative regulation of calcineurin signaling by Hrr25p, a yeast homolog of casein kinase I"
1215:
Eide EJ, Virshup DM (May 2001). "Casein kinase I: another cog in the circadian clockworks".
70:
involved in attaching and removing phosphate from proteins, there was a need for convenient
4894:
3758:
3754:
3706:
3057:
3010:
2860:
2805:
2519:
2358:
2136:
1948:
1844:
1744:
981:
1181:
network during mitosis. The mechanisms for these biochemical interactions remain unknown.
815:
569:
456:
343:
201:
8:
5003:
3816:
3799:
3485:
2043:"double-time is a novel Drosophila clock gene that regulates PERIOD protein accumulation"
721:
690:
487:
374:
261:
43:
3894:
3061:
3014:
2864:
2809:
2523:
2362:
2140:
1952:
1848:
1748:
1602:"Intramolecular masking of nuclear import signal on NF-AT4 by casein kinase I and MEKK1"
898:
The previously-characterized CK1ε isoform was first implicated as a clock gene when its
5505:
5459:
3558:
3450:
3342:
3315:
3231:
3206:
3182:
3157:
3132:
3107:
3078:
3045:
2937:
2910:
2883:
2848:
2829:
2680:
2653:
2543:
2449:
2422:
2379:
2346:
2302:
2213:
2018:
1991:
1972:
1916:
1889:
1865:
1832:
1415:
1240:
1045:
600:
119:
3433:
3391:
3366:
2622:
2597:
2290:
2254:
2237:
2124:
2100:
2083:
2059:
2042:
1890:"Casein kinase 1 α phosphorylates the Wnt regulator Jade-1 and modulates its activity"
1767:
1732:
1708:
1691:
1667:
1642:
1618:
1601:
1577:
1536:
1495:
1317:
1276:
4765:
4474:
3872:
3666:
3437:
3396:
3347:
3293:
3288:
3275:
3271:
3255:
3236:
3187:
3137:
3083:
3026:
2983:
2942:
2888:
2821:
2775:
2770:
2761:
2745:
2726:
2685:
2627:
2578:
2574:
2535:
2492:
2454:
2384:
2294:
2259:
2218:
2200:
2160:
2152:
2105:
2064:
2023:
1964:
1921:
1870:
1813:
1808:
1791:
1772:
1713:
1672:
1623:
1582:
1541:
1500:
1459:
1454:
1437:
1407:
1366:
1322:
1281:
1232:
1166:
1037:
1006:
903:
732:
607:
494:
381:
268:
126:
2306:
1419:
4503:
4494:
4424:
4415:
4361:
4352:
4009:
3792:
3763:
3692:
3588:
3521:
3429:
3386:
3378:
3337:
3327:
3283:
3267:
3226:
3218:
3177:
3169:
3127:
3119:
3073:
3065:
3018:
2973:
2932:
2922:
2878:
2868:
2833:
2813:
2765:
2757:
2716:
2675:
2665:
2617:
2609:
2570:
2547:
2527:
2484:
2444:
2434:
2374:
2366:
2286:
2249:
2208:
2192:
2144:
2095:
2054:
2013:
2003:
1976:
1956:
1911:
1901:
1860:
1852:
1803:
1762:
1752:
1703:
1662:
1654:
1613:
1572:
1531:
1490:
1449:
1397:
1356:
1312:
1271:
1244:
1224:
892:
2488:
2082:
Kloss B, Price JL, Saez L, Blau J, Rothenfluh A, Wesley CS, Young MW (July 1998).
1690:
Liu C, Li Y, Semenov M, Han C, Baeg GH, Tan Y, Zhang Z, Lin X, He X (March 2002).
58:
By the early 1950s it was known from metabolic labeling studies using radioactive
5184:
4255:
4250:
4245:
3671:
3222:
3173:
3069:
2927:
2439:
2196:
1190:
1158:
976:
87:
1692:"Control of beta-catenin phosphorylation/degradation by a dual-kinase mechanism"
825:
579:
466:
353:
211:
3804:
3611:
3481:
2853:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
2399:
2370:
2180:
1996:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
1737:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
1402:
1385:
860:
700:
75:
63:
31:
3254:
Vielhaber, E.; Eide, E.; Rivers, A.; Gao, Z.-H.; Virshup, D. M. (2000-07-01).
1086:
5702:
4240:
3606:
3279:
2978:
2961:
2204:
2156:
1992:"Essential roles of CKIdelta and CKIepsilon in the mammalian circadian clock"
1361:
1344:
931:
920:
916:
906:), was discovered in 1998. Double-time is 86% identical to human CK1ε. Kloss
236:
4308:
3332:
3022:
2873:
2721:
2704:
2148:
2008:
1906:
1833:"A dual-kinase mechanism for Wnt co-receptor phosphorylation and activation"
1757:
1436:
Pulgar V, Marin O, Meggio F, Allende CC, Allende JE, Pinna LA (March 1999).
86:
has been used as a substrate since the earliest days of research on protein
5179:
4004:
3831:
3596:
3592:
3441:
3400:
3351:
3314:
Biswas A, Mukherjee S, Das S, Shields D, Chow CW, Maitra U (January 2011).
3297:
3240:
3191:
3141:
3108:"Casein kinase 1 delta regulates the pace of the mammalian circadian clock"
3087:
2987:
2946:
2892:
2825:
2779:
2730:
2689:
2670:
2631:
2539:
2496:
2458:
2388:
2298:
2263:
2222:
2041:
Price JL, Blau J, Rothenfluh A, Abodeely M, Kloss B, Young MW (July 1998).
2027:
1968:
1925:
1874:
1817:
1776:
1717:
1676:
1463:
1285:
1236:
3207:"Casein kinase iδ mutations in familial migraine and advanced sleep phase"
3030:
2582:
2164:
2109:
2068:
1627:
1586:
1545:
1518:
Flotow H, Graves PR, Wang AQ, Fiol CJ, Roeske RW, Roach PJ (August 1990).
1504:
1411:
1370:
1326:
1228:
849:
has been suggested to play a role in phosphorylation of
Disheveled in the
5385:
5017:
4957:
4840:
4760:
4484:
3826:
3639:
3123:
1178:
1131:
1109:
866:
796:
550:
437:
324:
182:
79:
3382:
2817:
2531:
2423:"Activating PER repressor through a DBT-directed phosphorylation switch"
1960:
1856:
671:
27:
5473:
3947:
3779:
2613:
1658:
1561:"Role of acidic residues as substrate determinants for casein kinase I"
1520:"Phosphate groups as substrate determinants for casein kinase I action"
1154:
1119:
1009:
loops, CK1ε periodically binds to and phosphorylates the PER proteins (
993:
955:
951:
791:
727:
666:
545:
432:
319:
177:
2791:
2789:
2347:"Reversible modulation of circadian time with chronophotopharmacology"
2344:
736:
611:
498:
385:
272:
130:
4434:
3809:
3543:
1106:
phosphorylating PER1 although this is not consistent with other data
959:
853:. Casein kinase 1 alpha (CK1α) binds to and phosphorylates β‑catenin
59:
46:
pathways in most eukaryotic cell types. CK1 isoforms are involved in
39:
1343:
Fish KJ, Cegielska A, Getman ME, Landes GM, Virshup DM (June 1995).
4790:
4685:
4680:
4675:
3601:
2786:
1301:"Casein kinase from the Golgi apparatus of lactating mammary gland"
1162:
1127:
963:
232:
4150:
3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring) kinase
2598:"Regulation of the Neurospora circadian clock by casein kinase II"
5449:
5427:
5422:
5412:
5407:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5174:
5169:
4820:
4785:
4024:
4019:
4014:
3583:
1174:
1170:
1150:
1049:
947:
2705:"Reversible protein phosphorylation regulates circadian rhythms"
784:
659:
538:
425:
312:
170:
5679:
5674:
5669:
5664:
5659:
5654:
5649:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5563:
5558:
5432:
5417:
5368:
5363:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5285:
5263:
5258:
5150:
5125:
4800:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4595:
4439:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4342:
4168:
4163:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4117:
4112:
4102:
3942:
3873:
3105:
2744:
Vielhaber E, Eide E, Rivers A, Gao ZH, Virshup DM (July 2000).
1173:. While undamaged mitotic cells shows no CKIδ association with
888:
228:
83:
67:
35:
2703:
Virshup DM, Eide EJ, Forger DB, Gallego M, Harnish EV (2007).
231:. Mammals have seven family members (sometimes referred to as
5575:
5568:
5478:
5375:
5275:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5120:
5090:
5070:
4947:
4942:
4923:
4918:
4908:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4850:
4845:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4815:
4795:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4750:
4745:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4630:
4580:
4575:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4405:
4337:
4332:
4281:
4276:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4158:
3952:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3043:
2394:
1118:), a protein with essential nuclear and cytoplasmic roles in
1041:
1021:), which form heterodimers with each other and interact with
224:
5468:
5395:
5390:
5380:
5353:
5110:
5060:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5026:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4913:
4869:
4810:
4805:
4755:
4740:
4710:
4640:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4479:
4381:
4322:
4317:
4221:
4187:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4031:
3999:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3967:
3962:
2421:
Kivimäe S, Saez L, Young MW (July 2008). Schibler U (ed.).
2040:
1790:
Takada R, Hijikata H, Kondoh H, Takada S (September 2005).
1138:
1115:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
3154:
2959:
2474:
2177:
1887:
1789:
1640:
1599:
492:
Human casein kinase 1 gamma 3 bound to inhibitor (black).
266:
Human casein kinase 1 gamma 1 bound to inhibitor (black).
5437:
3972:
3957:
3313:
3204:
1342:
1123:
379:
Human casein kinase 1 gamma 2 bound to 5-iodotubercidin.
5627:
3480:
3418:
2702:
2651:
1435:
605:
Human casein kinase 1 delta bound to inhibitor (black).
124:
Human casein kinase 1 alpha bound to inhibitor (black).
3365:
Kafadar KA, Zhu H, Snyder M, Cyert MS (November 2003).
2652:
Eide EJ, Vielhaber EL, Hinz WA, Virshup DM (May 2002).
2125:"A Mutation of the Circadian System in Golden Hamsters"
1730:
3253:
2743:
2509:
2276:
1110:
Nucleo-cytoplasmic regulation of transcription factors
1080:
mutation was mapped to CK1ε. Since its discovery, the
934:
research and repair of organs that are "out of sync".
3364:
2846:
2795:
2321:"Resetting the biological clock by flipping a switch"
1144:
1990:
Lee H, Chen R, Lee Y, Yoo S, Lee C (December 2009).
1517:
2908:
2709:
Cold Spring Harbor
Symposia on Quantitative Biology
1938:
2081:
42:-selective enzymes that function as regulators of
2123:Ralph, Martin R.; Menaker, Michael (1988-09-02).
1000:
726:Human casein kinase 1 epsilon bound to inhibitor
5700:
2420:
2235:
1830:
1169:from the TGN; it also appears to associate with
1689:
2470:
2468:
1257:
3909:Non-specific serine/threonine protein kinases
3858:
3466:
3101:
3099:
3097:
2904:
2902:
1989:
1932:
1298:
3000:
2595:
2560:
2122:
1338:
1336:
2465:
1558:
1476:
1383:
1260:"The enzymatic phosphorylation of proteins"
1214:
4292:Goodpasture-antigen-binding protein kinase
3865:
3851:
3473:
3459:
3414:
3412:
3410:
3094:
2899:
1431:
1429:
1055:
720:
599:
486:
373:
260:
118:
5005:Serine/threonine-specific protein kinases
4179:(isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+)) kinase
3896:Serine/threonine-specific protein kinases
3878:Serine/threonine-specific protein kinases
3390:
3341:
3331:
3309:
3307:
3287:
3230:
3181:
3131:
3077:
2977:
2936:
2926:
2882:
2872:
2769:
2720:
2679:
2669:
2621:
2448:
2438:
2378:
2253:
2212:
2099:
2058:
2017:
2007:
1915:
1905:
1864:
1807:
1766:
1756:
1707:
1666:
1617:
1576:
1535:
1494:
1453:
1401:
1360:
1333:
1316:
1275:
5540:Receptor protein serine/threonine kinase
841:
5523:Low-density-lipoprotein receptor kinase
3407:
2647:
2645:
2643:
2641:
2236:Nawathean P, Rosbash M (January 2004).
1426:
1258:Burnett G, Kennedy EP (December 1954).
1161:and appears to regulate the budding of
1069:are homozygous for the shorter allele.
5701:
3304:
2416:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2408:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1153:and in response to DNA damage. During
1063:Familial Advanced Sleep Phase Syndrome
5626:
5002:
4268:Fas-activated serine/threonine kinase
3893:
3846:
3454:
2596:Yang Y, Cheng P, Liu Y (April 2002).
975:fly homologs. A similar function for
946:The mutation dbtS, associated with a
5640:
5549:Bone morphogenetic protein receptors
2638:
2563:Journal of the Neurological Sciences
1559:Flotow H, Roach PJ (February 1991).
1100:
4083:Dephospho-(reductase kinase) kinase
3720:Transcription preinitiation complex
3320:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
2658:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
2405:
1894:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
1565:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
1524:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
1483:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
1349:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
1305:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
1299:Bingham EW, Farrel HM (June 1974).
1264:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
1203:
879:
92:cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase
13:
4538:G-protein coupled receptor kinases
3688:Signal transducing adaptor protein
1193:— a distinct protein kinase family
1145:Interphase, mitosis and DNA repair
62:that phosphate groups attached to
14:
5725:
4528:Beta adrenergic receptor kinase-2
4213:(tyrosine 3-monooxygenase) kinase
5220:Mitogen-activated protein kinase
3422:European Journal of Cell Biology
3272:10.1128/MCB.20.13.4888-4899.2000
2762:10.1128/MCB.20.13.4888-4899.2000
2393:
1809:10.1111/j.1365-2443.2005.00889.x
1477:Flotow H, Roach PJ (June 1989).
1455:10.1046/j.1432-1327.1999.00195.x
1442:European Journal of Biochemistry
1048:. This has not yet been studied
5606:Anti-Müllerian hormone receptor
5489:(acetyl-CoA carboxylase) kinase
5161:(RNA-polymerase)-subunit kinase
4523:Beta adrenergic receptor kinase
4514:Beta adrenergic receptor kinase
3358:
3247:
3198:
3148:
3037:
2994:
2953:
2840:
2737:
2696:
2589:
2554:
2503:
2338:
2313:
2270:
2229:
2171:
2116:
2075:
2034:
1983:
1881:
1824:
1783:
1724:
1683:
1634:
1593:
1384:Hanks SK, Hunter T (May 1995).
1149:CKIδ activity is implicated in
937:
5229:Extracellular signal-regulated
3260:Molecular and Cellular Biology
3211:Science Translational Medicine
3112:Molecular and Cellular Biology
2750:Molecular and Cellular Biology
1552:
1511:
1470:
1377:
1292:
1251:
1001:Positive and negative feedback
1:
5293:P38 mitogen-activated protein
4392:cGMP-dependent protein kinase
4353:cAMP-dependent protein kinase
4049:Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase
3995:Ataxia telangiectasia mutated
3434:10.1078/S0171-9335(04)70027-8
2489:10.1016/j.cellsig.2004.12.011
2291:10.1016/s0014-5793(00)01755-5
2255:10.1016/S1097-2765(03)00503-3
2101:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81225-8
2060:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81224-6
1709:10.1016/S0092-8674(02)00685-2
1619:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81445-2
1578:10.1016/S0021-9258(19)67854-3
1537:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)77295-5
1496:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)60501-0
1318:10.1016/S0021-9258(19)42622-7
1277:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)71184-8
1197:
1036:CK1ε may also have a role in
105:
4092:AMP-activated protein kinase
3223:10.1126/scitranslmed.3005784
3174:10.1016/j.neuron.2008.01.019
3070:10.1126/science.288.5465.483
2928:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000559
2575:10.1016/0022-510X(73)90045-2
2440:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060183
2197:10.1016/j.neuron.2008.01.019
1067:Delayed sleep phase syndrome
53:
7:
5007:(EC 2.7.11.21-EC 2.7.11.30)
1217:Chronobiology International
1184:
1157:, CKIδ associates with the
1040:; the transcription factor
1031:nuclear localization signal
10:
5730:
4934:Elongation factor 2 kinase
3898:(EC 2.7.11.1-EC 2.7.11.20)
2371:10.1038/s41467-021-23301-x
1403:10.1096/fasebj.9.8.7768349
1126:subunit of the eukaryotic
5636:
5622:
5538:
5521:
5504:
5487:
5458:
5329:MAP kinase kinase kinases
5318:
5218:
5159:
5050:
5016:
5012:
4998:
4956:
4932:
4893:
4861:Myosin light-chain kinase
4859:
4567:Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent
4565:
4536:
4512:
4493:
4414:
4390:
4351:
4307:
4290:
4266:
4232:Myosin-heavy-chain kinase
4230:
4211:
4177:
4148:
4081:
4047:
3907:
3903:
3889:
3772:
3742:
3705:
3680:
3657:
3648:
3620:
3574:
3567:
3492:
821:
811:
806:
802:
790:
778:
766:
758:
750:
745:
719:
714:
696:
686:
681:
677:
665:
653:
641:
633:
625:
620:
598:
593:
575:
565:
560:
556:
544:
532:
520:
512:
507:
485:
480:
462:
452:
447:
443:
431:
419:
407:
399:
394:
372:
367:
349:
339:
334:
330:
318:
306:
294:
286:
281:
259:
254:
207:
197:
192:
188:
176:
164:
152:
144:
139:
117:
112:
16:Family of protein kinases
5629:Dual-specificity kinases
3800:Neuroendocrine signaling
1362:10.1074/jbc.270.25.14875
715:casein kinase 1, epsilon
481:casein kinase 1, gamma 3
368:casein kinase 1, gamma 2
255:casein kinase 1, gamma 1
247:
113:casein kinase 1, alpha 1
5052:Cyclin-dependent kinase
3371:Genes & Development
3333:10.1074/jbc.M110.188565
3023:10.1126/science.3413487
2874:10.1073/pnas.1005101107
2722:10.1101/sqb.2007.72.048
2602:Genes & Development
2149:10.1126/science.3413487
2009:10.1073/pnas.0906651106
1907:10.1074/jbc.M114.562165
1758:10.1073/pnas.1733909100
1647:Genes & Development
1095:suprachiasmatic nucleus
1056:Significance in disease
847:Casein kinase 1 epsilon
3662:cAMP-dependent pathway
3217:(183): 183ra56, 1–11.
2979:10.1093/sleep/26.4.413
2671:10.1074/jbc.M111466200
902:homolog, double-time (
594:casein kinase 1, delta
3788:Synaptic transmission
3784:Neurocrine signaling
3707:Transcription factors
3554:PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway
2351:Nature Communications
1229:10.1081/CBI-100103963
979:has been reported in
851:Wnt signaling pathway
842:Wnt signaling pathway
96:endoplasmic reticulum
90:. By the late 1960s,
4895:Phosphorylase kinase
3124:10.1128/MCB.00338-09
982:Arabidopsis thaliana
80:protein phosphatases
5709:Signal transduction
3817:Mechanotransduction
3805:Exocrine signalling
3612:Signaling molecules
3486:Signal transduction
3383:10.1101/gad.1140603
3062:2000Sci...288..483L
3015:1988Sci...241.1225R
2865:2010PNAS..10715240M
2818:10.1038/nature03453
2810:2005Natur.434..640X
2532:10.1038/nature01235
2524:2002Natur.420..816L
2477:Cellular Signalling
2363:2021NatCo..12.3164K
2141:1988Sci...241.1225R
2135:(4870): 1225–1227.
1961:10.1038/nature04170
1953:2005Natur.438..867D
1857:10.1038/nature04185
1849:2005Natur.438..873Z
1749:2003PNAS..10010193M
44:signal transduction
5506:Tropomyosin kinase
5460:Tau-protein kinase
3827:Ion channel gating
3559:Integrin receptors
3493:Signaling pathways
2614:10.1101/gad.965102
1659:10.1101/gad.230302
5696:
5695:
5692:
5691:
5688:
5687:
5618:
5617:
5614:
5613:
4994:
4993:
4990:
4989:
4475:Protein kinase N1
4430:Protein kinase Cζ
3840:
3839:
3822:Phototransduction
3780:Intracrine action
3738:
3737:
3701:
3700:
3589:Neurotransmitters
3266:(13): 4888–4899.
1743:(18): 10193–200.
1101:Roles of isoforms
1038:positive feedback
1007:negative feedback
904:Doubletime (gene)
835:
834:
831:
830:
710:
709:
706:
705:
589:
588:
585:
584:
476:
475:
472:
471:
363:
362:
359:
358:
221:
220:
217:
216:
5721:
5638:
5637:
5624:
5623:
5271:C-Jun N-terminal
5014:
5013:
5000:
4999:
4504:Rhodopsin kinase
4495:Rhodopsin kinase
4425:Protein kinase C
4416:Protein kinase C
4401:Protein kinase G
4362:Protein kinase A
3973:Protein kinase B
3905:
3904:
3891:
3890:
3867:
3860:
3853:
3844:
3843:
3793:Chemical synapse
3693:Scaffold protein
3655:
3654:
3650:Second messenger
3576:Receptor ligands
3572:
3571:
3475:
3468:
3461:
3452:
3451:
3446:
3445:
3416:
3405:
3404:
3394:
3377:(21): 2698–708.
3362:
3356:
3355:
3345:
3335:
3311:
3302:
3301:
3291:
3251:
3245:
3244:
3234:
3202:
3196:
3195:
3185:
3152:
3146:
3145:
3135:
3103:
3092:
3091:
3081:
3056:(5465): 483–92.
3041:
3035:
3034:
3009:(4870): 1225–7.
2998:
2992:
2991:
2981:
2957:
2951:
2950:
2940:
2930:
2921:(12): e1000559.
2906:
2897:
2896:
2886:
2876:
2844:
2838:
2837:
2793:
2784:
2783:
2773:
2741:
2735:
2734:
2724:
2700:
2694:
2693:
2683:
2673:
2664:(19): 17248–54.
2649:
2636:
2635:
2625:
2593:
2587:
2586:
2558:
2552:
2551:
2518:(6917): 816–20.
2507:
2501:
2500:
2472:
2463:
2462:
2452:
2442:
2418:
2403:
2398:Available under
2397:
2392:
2382:
2342:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2317:
2311:
2310:
2274:
2268:
2267:
2257:
2233:
2227:
2226:
2216:
2175:
2169:
2168:
2120:
2114:
2113:
2103:
2079:
2073:
2072:
2062:
2038:
2032:
2031:
2021:
2011:
2002:(50): 21359–64.
1987:
1981:
1980:
1947:(7069): 867–72.
1936:
1930:
1929:
1919:
1909:
1900:(38): 26344–56.
1885:
1879:
1878:
1868:
1828:
1822:
1821:
1811:
1787:
1781:
1780:
1770:
1760:
1728:
1722:
1721:
1711:
1687:
1681:
1680:
1670:
1638:
1632:
1631:
1621:
1597:
1591:
1590:
1580:
1556:
1550:
1549:
1539:
1515:
1509:
1508:
1498:
1474:
1468:
1467:
1457:
1433:
1424:
1423:
1405:
1381:
1375:
1374:
1364:
1355:(25): 14875–83.
1340:
1331:
1330:
1320:
1296:
1290:
1289:
1279:
1255:
1249:
1248:
1212:
893:circadian rhythm
880:Circadian rhythm
804:
803:
739:
724:
712:
711:
679:
678:
614:
603:
591:
590:
558:
557:
501:
490:
478:
477:
445:
444:
388:
377:
365:
364:
332:
331:
275:
264:
252:
251:
190:
189:
133:
122:
110:
109:
5729:
5728:
5724:
5723:
5722:
5720:
5719:
5718:
5714:Protein kinases
5699:
5698:
5697:
5684:
5632:
5610:
5534:
5517:
5500:
5483:
5454:
5314:
5214:
5185:P70-S6 Kinase 1
5155:
5046:
5008:
4986:
4952:
4928:
4889:
4855:
4561:
4532:
4508:
4489:
4410:
4386:
4347:
4303:
4286:
4262:
4256:Aurora C kinase
4251:Aurora B kinase
4246:Aurora A kinase
4226:
4207:
4173:
4144:
4077:
4043:
3899:
3885:
3871:
3841:
3836:
3768:
3734:
3697:
3676:
3672:Lipid signaling
3644:
3616:
3563:
3488:
3479:
3449:
3417:
3408:
3363:
3359:
3312:
3305:
3252:
3248:
3203:
3199:
3153:
3149:
3118:(14): 3853–66.
3104:
3095:
3042:
3038:
2999:
2995:
2958:
2954:
2907:
2900:
2859:(34): 15240–5.
2845:
2841:
2804:(7033): 640–4.
2794:
2787:
2756:(13): 4888–99.
2742:
2738:
2701:
2697:
2650:
2639:
2608:(8): 994–1006.
2594:
2590:
2559:
2555:
2508:
2504:
2473:
2466:
2419:
2406:
2343:
2339:
2329:
2327:
2319:
2318:
2314:
2285:(1–2): 106–12.
2275:
2271:
2234:
2230:
2176:
2172:
2121:
2117:
2080:
2076:
2039:
2035:
1988:
1984:
1937:
1933:
1886:
1882:
1843:(7069): 873–7.
1829:
1825:
1788:
1784:
1729:
1725:
1688:
1684:
1639:
1635:
1598:
1594:
1557:
1553:
1530:(24): 14264–9.
1516:
1512:
1475:
1471:
1434:
1427:
1382:
1378:
1341:
1334:
1311:(11): 3647–51.
1297:
1293:
1256:
1252:
1213:
1204:
1200:
1191:Casein kinase 2
1187:
1159:Golgi Apparatus
1147:
1112:
1103:
1058:
1003:
977:casein kinase 2
940:
923:in Drosophila.
882:
844:
741:
731:
616:
606:
503:
493:
390:
380:
277:
267:
250:
135:
125:
108:
88:phosphorylation
76:protein kinases
64:phosphoproteins
56:
32:protein kinases
21:Casein kinase 1
17:
12:
11:
5:
5727:
5717:
5716:
5711:
5694:
5693:
5690:
5689:
5686:
5685:
5683:
5682:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5657:
5652:
5646:
5644:
5634:
5633:
5620:
5619:
5616:
5615:
5612:
5611:
5609:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5572:
5571:
5566:
5561:
5556:
5545:
5543:
5542:(EC 2.7.11.30)
5536:
5535:
5533:
5532:
5528:
5526:
5525:(EC 2.7.11.29)
5519:
5518:
5516:
5515:
5511:
5509:
5508:(EC 2.7.11.28)
5502:
5501:
5499:
5498:
5494:
5492:
5491:(EC 2.7.11.27)
5485:
5484:
5482:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5465:
5463:
5462:(EC 2.7.11.26)
5456:
5455:
5453:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5441:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5425:
5420:
5415:
5410:
5400:
5399:
5398:
5393:
5388:
5383:
5373:
5372:
5371:
5366:
5361:
5356:
5351:
5346:
5341:
5336:
5325:
5323:
5322:(EC 2.7.11.25)
5316:
5315:
5313:
5312:
5311:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5290:
5289:
5288:
5283:
5278:
5268:
5267:
5266:
5261:
5256:
5251:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5225:
5223:
5222:(EC 2.7.11.24)
5216:
5215:
5213:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5166:
5164:
5163:(EC 2.7.11.23)
5157:
5156:
5154:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5057:
5055:
5054:(EC 2.7.11.22)
5048:
5047:
5045:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5023:
5021:
5020:(EC 2.7.11.21)
5010:
5009:
4996:
4995:
4992:
4991:
4988:
4987:
4985:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4963:
4961:
4960:(EC 2.7.11.21)
4954:
4953:
4951:
4950:
4945:
4939:
4937:
4936:(EC 2.7.11.20)
4930:
4929:
4927:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4906:
4900:
4898:
4897:(EC 2.7.11.19)
4891:
4890:
4888:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4866:
4864:
4863:(EC 2.7.11.18)
4857:
4856:
4854:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4572:
4570:
4569:(EC 2.7.11.17)
4563:
4562:
4560:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4543:
4541:
4540:(EC 2.7.11.16)
4534:
4533:
4531:
4530:
4525:
4519:
4517:
4516:(EC 2.7.11.15)
4510:
4509:
4507:
4506:
4500:
4498:
4497:(EC 2.7.11.14)
4491:
4490:
4488:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4421:
4419:
4418:(EC 2.7.11.13)
4412:
4411:
4409:
4408:
4403:
4397:
4395:
4394:(EC 2.7.11.12)
4388:
4387:
4385:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4358:
4356:
4355:(EC 2.7.11.11)
4349:
4348:
4346:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4314:
4312:
4311:(EC 2.7.11.10)
4305:
4304:
4302:
4301:
4297:
4295:
4288:
4287:
4285:
4284:
4279:
4273:
4271:
4264:
4263:
4261:
4260:
4259:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4237:
4235:
4228:
4227:
4225:
4224:
4218:
4216:
4209:
4208:
4206:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4184:
4182:
4175:
4174:
4172:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4155:
4153:
4146:
4145:
4143:
4142:
4141:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4122:
4121:
4120:
4115:
4107:
4106:
4105:
4100:
4088:
4086:
4079:
4078:
4076:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4054:
4052:
4045:
4044:
4042:
4041:
4040:
4039:
4029:
4028:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3991:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3914:
3912:
3901:
3900:
3887:
3886:
3870:
3869:
3862:
3855:
3847:
3838:
3837:
3835:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3813:
3812:
3802:
3797:
3796:
3795:
3790:
3782:
3776:
3774:
3773:Other concepts
3770:
3769:
3767:
3766:
3761:
3752:
3746:
3744:
3740:
3739:
3736:
3735:
3733:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3711:
3709:
3703:
3702:
3699:
3698:
3696:
3695:
3690:
3684:
3682:
3678:
3677:
3675:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3658:
3652:
3646:
3645:
3643:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3626:
3624:
3618:
3617:
3615:
3614:
3609:
3607:Growth factors
3604:
3599:
3586:
3580:
3578:
3569:
3565:
3564:
3562:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3525:
3524:
3519:
3509:
3504:
3502:
3496:
3494:
3490:
3489:
3482:Cell signaling
3478:
3477:
3470:
3463:
3455:
3448:
3447:
3406:
3357:
3326:(4): 3129–38.
3303:
3246:
3197:
3147:
3093:
3036:
2993:
2972:(4): 412–415.
2952:
2898:
2839:
2785:
2736:
2695:
2637:
2588:
2553:
2502:
2464:
2404:
2337:
2312:
2269:
2242:Molecular Cell
2228:
2170:
2115:
2074:
2033:
1982:
1931:
1880:
1823:
1796:Genes to Cells
1782:
1723:
1682:
1653:(9): 1066–76.
1633:
1592:
1551:
1510:
1489:(16): 9126–8.
1469:
1425:
1376:
1332:
1291:
1250:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1195:
1194:
1186:
1183:
1146:
1143:
1111:
1108:
1102:
1099:
1089:mutants (CK1ε(
1085:oscillations.
1057:
1054:
1002:
999:
939:
936:
881:
878:
843:
840:
833:
832:
829:
828:
823:
819:
818:
813:
809:
808:
800:
799:
794:
788:
787:
782:
776:
775:
770:
764:
763:
760:
756:
755:
752:
748:
747:
743:
742:
725:
717:
716:
708:
707:
704:
703:
698:
694:
693:
688:
684:
683:
675:
674:
669:
663:
662:
657:
651:
650:
645:
639:
638:
635:
631:
630:
627:
623:
622:
618:
617:
604:
596:
595:
587:
586:
583:
582:
577:
573:
572:
567:
563:
562:
554:
553:
548:
542:
541:
536:
530:
529:
524:
518:
517:
514:
510:
509:
505:
504:
491:
483:
482:
474:
473:
470:
469:
464:
460:
459:
454:
450:
449:
441:
440:
435:
429:
428:
423:
417:
416:
411:
405:
404:
401:
397:
396:
392:
391:
378:
370:
369:
361:
360:
357:
356:
351:
347:
346:
341:
337:
336:
328:
327:
322:
316:
315:
310:
304:
303:
298:
292:
291:
288:
284:
283:
279:
278:
265:
257:
256:
249:
246:
219:
218:
215:
214:
209:
205:
204:
199:
195:
194:
186:
185:
180:
174:
173:
168:
162:
161:
156:
150:
149:
146:
142:
141:
137:
136:
123:
115:
114:
107:
104:
55:
52:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5726:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5706:
5704:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5647:
5645:
5643:
5639:
5635:
5630:
5625:
5621:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5570:
5567:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5557:
5555:
5552:
5551:
5550:
5547:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5537:
5530:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5520:
5513:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5503:
5496:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5486:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5457:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5405:
5404:
5401:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5378:
5377:
5374:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5331:
5330:
5327:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5317:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5295:
5294:
5291:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5273:
5272:
5269:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5231:
5230:
5227:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5217:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5158:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5049:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5015:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4997:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4955:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4931:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4892:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4858:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4564:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4535:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4511:
4505:
4502:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4492:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4413:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4389:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4350:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4306:
4299:
4298:
4296:
4294:(EC 2.7.11.9)
4293:
4289:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4274:
4272:
4270:(EC 2.7.11.8)
4269:
4265:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4243:
4242:
4241:Aurora kinase
4239:
4238:
4236:
4234:(EC 2.7.11.7)
4233:
4229:
4223:
4220:
4219:
4217:
4215:(EC 2.7.11.6)
4214:
4210:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4185:
4183:
4181:(EC 2.7.11.5)
4180:
4176:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4156:
4154:
4152:(EC 2.7.11.4)
4151:
4147:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4125:
4123:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4110:
4108:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4089:
4087:
4085:(EC 2.7.11.3)
4084:
4080:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4055:
4053:
4051:(EC 2.7.11.2)
4050:
4046:
4038:
4035:
4034:
4033:
4030:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4007:
4006:
4005:EIF-2 kinases
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3975:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3915:
3913:
3911:(EC 2.7.11.1)
3910:
3906:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3888:
3883:
3879:
3875:
3868:
3863:
3861:
3856:
3854:
3849:
3848:
3845:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3811:
3808:
3807:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3785:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3777:
3775:
3771:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3747:
3745:
3741:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3712:
3710:
3708:
3704:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3685:
3683:
3679:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3659:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3647:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3635:Intracellular
3633:
3631:
3628:
3627:
3625:
3623:
3619:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3597:Neurohormones
3594:
3593:Neuropeptides
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3581:
3579:
3577:
3573:
3570:
3566:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3544:Fas apoptosis
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3514:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3497:
3495:
3491:
3487:
3483:
3476:
3471:
3469:
3464:
3462:
3457:
3456:
3453:
3443:
3439:
3435:
3431:
3428:(4): 240–51.
3427:
3423:
3415:
3413:
3411:
3402:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3376:
3372:
3368:
3361:
3353:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3325:
3321:
3317:
3310:
3308:
3299:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3281:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3265:
3261:
3257:
3250:
3242:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3201:
3193:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3167:
3163:
3159:
3151:
3143:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3125:
3121:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3102:
3100:
3098:
3089:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3040:
3032:
3028:
3024:
3020:
3016:
3012:
3008:
3004:
2997:
2989:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2956:
2948:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2905:
2903:
2894:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2843:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2792:
2790:
2781:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2740:
2732:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2699:
2691:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2648:
2646:
2644:
2642:
2633:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2592:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2557:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2506:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2483:(6): 675–89.
2482:
2478:
2471:
2469:
2460:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2417:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2409:
2401:
2396:
2390:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2341:
2326:
2322:
2316:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2273:
2265:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2248:(2): 213–23.
2247:
2243:
2239:
2232:
2224:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2174:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2119:
2111:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2094:(1): 97–107.
2093:
2089:
2085:
2078:
2070:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2037:
2029:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1986:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1935:
1927:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1884:
1876:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1827:
1819:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1802:(9): 919–28.
1801:
1797:
1793:
1786:
1778:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1727:
1719:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1702:(6): 837–47.
1701:
1697:
1693:
1686:
1678:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1637:
1629:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1612:(5): 851–61.
1611:
1607:
1603:
1596:
1588:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1571:(6): 3724–7.
1570:
1566:
1562:
1555:
1547:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1514:
1506:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1473:
1465:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1432:
1430:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1396:(8): 576–96.
1395:
1391:
1390:FASEB Journal
1387:
1380:
1372:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1339:
1337:
1328:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1295:
1287:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1270:(2): 969–80.
1269:
1265:
1261:
1254:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1223:(3): 389–98.
1222:
1218:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1202:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1182:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1142:
1140:
1135:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1107:
1098:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1053:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1034:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
998:
996:
995:
990:
989:
984:
983:
978:
972:
970:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
944:
935:
933:
932:chronobiology
928:
924:
922:
918:
913:
909:
905:
901:
896:
894:
890:
886:
877:
874:
873:
868:
863:
862:
857:
854:
852:
848:
839:
827:
824:
820:
817:
814:
810:
805:
801:
798:
795:
793:
789:
786:
783:
781:
777:
774:
771:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
744:
738:
734:
729:
723:
718:
713:
702:
699:
695:
692:
689:
685:
680:
676:
673:
670:
668:
664:
661:
658:
656:
652:
649:
646:
644:
640:
637:HCKID; CSNK1D
636:
632:
628:
624:
619:
613:
609:
602:
597:
592:
581:
578:
574:
571:
568:
564:
559:
555:
552:
549:
547:
543:
540:
537:
535:
531:
528:
525:
523:
519:
515:
511:
506:
500:
496:
489:
484:
479:
468:
465:
461:
458:
455:
451:
446:
442:
439:
436:
434:
430:
427:
424:
422:
418:
415:
412:
410:
406:
402:
398:
393:
387:
383:
376:
371:
366:
355:
352:
348:
345:
342:
338:
333:
329:
326:
323:
321:
317:
314:
311:
309:
305:
302:
299:
297:
293:
289:
285:
280:
274:
270:
263:
258:
253:
245:
243:
238:
234:
230:
226:
213:
210:
206:
203:
200:
196:
191:
187:
184:
181:
179:
175:
172:
169:
167:
163:
160:
157:
155:
151:
147:
143:
138:
132:
128:
121:
116:
111:
103:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
51:
49:
48:Wnt signaling
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
26:
22:
5180:P70S6 kinase
3832:Gap junction
3667:Ca signaling
3630:Cell surface
3425:
3421:
3374:
3370:
3360:
3323:
3319:
3263:
3259:
3249:
3214:
3210:
3200:
3168:(1): 78–88.
3165:
3161:
3150:
3115:
3111:
3053:
3049:
3039:
3006:
3002:
2996:
2969:
2965:
2955:
2918:
2915:PLOS Biology
2914:
2856:
2852:
2842:
2801:
2797:
2753:
2749:
2739:
2712:
2708:
2698:
2661:
2657:
2605:
2601:
2591:
2569:(4): 491–5.
2566:
2562:
2556:
2515:
2511:
2505:
2480:
2476:
2430:
2427:PLOS Biology
2426:
2354:
2350:
2340:
2328:. Retrieved
2324:
2315:
2282:
2279:FEBS Letters
2278:
2272:
2245:
2241:
2231:
2191:(1): 78–88.
2188:
2184:
2173:
2132:
2128:
2118:
2091:
2087:
2077:
2053:(1): 83–95.
2050:
2046:
2036:
1999:
1995:
1985:
1944:
1940:
1934:
1897:
1893:
1883:
1840:
1836:
1826:
1799:
1795:
1785:
1740:
1736:
1726:
1699:
1695:
1685:
1650:
1646:
1636:
1609:
1605:
1595:
1568:
1564:
1554:
1527:
1523:
1513:
1486:
1482:
1472:
1448:(2): 520–6.
1445:
1441:
1393:
1389:
1379:
1352:
1348:
1308:
1304:
1294:
1267:
1263:
1253:
1220:
1216:
1148:
1136:
1113:
1104:
1090:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1071:
1059:
1035:
1004:
992:
987:
980:
973:
968:
945:
941:
938:Interactions
929:
925:
911:
907:
899:
897:
895:in mammals.
883:
870:
859:
858:
855:
845:
836:
759:Alt. symbols
634:Alt. symbols
241:
222:
57:
20:
18:
5631:(EC 2.7.12)
5018:Polo kinase
4958:Polo kinase
3743:By distance
3681:Assistants:
3640:Co-receptor
2433:(7): e183.
2357:(1): 3164.
1179:microtubule
1132:calcineurin
867:vertebrates
816:Swiss-model
746:Identifiers
691:Swiss-model
621:Identifiers
570:Swiss-model
508:Identifiers
457:Swiss-model
395:Identifiers
344:Swiss-model
282:Identifiers
202:Swiss-model
140:Identifiers
5703:Categories
4309:IκB kinase
3884:2.7.11-12)
3810:Pheromones
3750:Juxtacrine
2715:: 413–20.
1198:References
1155:interphase
1120:biogenesis
1087:Homozygous
994:Neurospora
988:Drosophila
969:Drosophila
956:methionine
952:isoleucine
910:and Price
900:Drosophila
872:Drosophila
812:Structures
807:Search for
728:PF-4800567
687:Structures
682:Search for
566:Structures
561:Search for
453:Structures
448:Search for
340:Structures
335:Search for
198:Structures
193:Search for
106:CK1 family
100:cyclic AMP
72:substrates
4435:PKC alpha
3764:Endocrine
3759:Paracrine
3755:Autocrine
3622:Receptors
3602:Cytokines
3280:0270-7306
2400:CC BY 4.0
2205:0896-6273
2157:0036-8075
1046:promoters
960:histidine
768:NCBI gene
730:(black).
643:NCBI gene
522:NCBI gene
409:NCBI gene
296:NCBI gene
154:NCBI gene
60:phosphate
54:Discovery
40:threonine
4791:KIAA0999
4686:MAPKAPK5
4681:MAPKAPK3
4676:MAPKAPK2
3584:Hormones
3534:JAK-STAT
3522:MAPK/ERK
3517:TGF beta
3442:10826492
3401:14597664
3352:21084295
3298:10848614
3241:23636092
3192:18400165
3142:19414593
3088:10775102
2988:12841365
2947:21179498
2893:20696890
2826:15800623
2780:10848614
2731:18419299
2690:11875063
2632:11959847
2540:12447397
2497:15722192
2459:18666831
2389:34039965
2325:phys.org
2307:84666478
2299:10899319
2264:14759367
2223:18400165
2028:19948962
1969:16341016
1926:25100726
1875:16341017
1818:16115200
1777:12925738
1718:11955436
1677:12000790
1464:10095790
1420:21377422
1286:13221602
1237:11475410
1185:See also
1167:vesicles
1163:clathrin
1128:ribosome
964:tyrosine
826:InterPro
701:InterPro
580:InterPro
467:InterPro
354:InterPro
242:in vitro
233:isoforms
212:InterPro
28:2.7.11.1
23:family (
5450:MAP3K14
5428:MAP3K11
5423:MAP3K10
5413:MAP3K13
5408:MAP3K12
5210:RPS6KC1
5205:RPS6KA1
5200:RPS6KA3
5195:RPS6KA2
5190:RPS6KB2
5175:RPS6KA4
5170:RPS6KA5
4821:Kalirin
4786:SNF1LK2
4025:EIF2AK4
4020:EIF2AK3
3874:Kinases
3715:General
3539:Akt/PKB
3343:3024805
3232:4220792
3183:3756141
3133:2704743
3079:3869379
3058:Bibcode
3050:Science
3031:3413487
3011:Bibcode
3003:Science
2938:3001897
2884:2930590
2861:Bibcode
2834:4416575
2806:Bibcode
2681:1513548
2583:4724822
2548:4392513
2520:Bibcode
2450:2486307
2380:8155176
2359:Bibcode
2330:14 June
2214:3756141
2179:2008).
2165:3413487
2137:Bibcode
2129:Science
2110:9674431
2069:9674430
2019:2795500
1977:4322672
1949:Bibcode
1917:4176241
1866:2100418
1845:Bibcode
1745:Bibcode
1628:9630228
1587:1995625
1546:2117608
1505:2498326
1412:7768349
1371:7797465
1327:4364664
1245:8581064
1175:tubulin
1171:tubulin
1165:coated
1151:mitosis
1122:of the
1091:tau/tau
1050:in vivo
1005:In the
962:126 to
948:proline
861:Xenopus
822:Domains
792:UniProt
740:
697:Domains
667:UniProt
615:
576:Domains
546:UniProt
516:CSNK1G3
502:
463:Domains
433:UniProt
403:CSNK1G2
389:
350:Domains
320:UniProt
290:CSNK1G1
276:
208:Domains
178:UniProt
148:CSNK1A1
134:
68:enzymes
5680:MAP2K7
5675:MAP2K6
5670:MAP2K5
5665:MAP2K4
5660:MAP2K3
5655:MAP2K2
5650:MAP2K1
5601:ACVRL1
5596:ACVR2B
5591:ACVR2A
5586:ACVR1C
5581:ACVR1B
5564:BMPR1B
5559:BMPR1A
5433:MAP3K7
5418:MAP3K9
5369:MAP3K8
5364:MAP3K7
5359:MAP3K6
5354:MAP3K5
5349:MAP3K4
5344:MAP3K3
5339:MAP3K2
5334:MAP3K1
5308:MAPK14
5303:MAPK13
5298:MAPK11
5286:MAPK10
5264:MAPK15
5259:MAPK12
5151:CDC2L1
5126:CDC2L5
4801:SNF1LK
4626:CAMK2G
4621:CAMK2D
4616:CAMK2B
4611:CAMK2A
4601:CAMK1G
4596:CAMK1D
4591:CAMK1B
4586:CAMK1A
4440:PRKCB1
4377:PRKACA
4372:PRKACB
4367:PRKACG
4343:IKBKAP
4169:BCKDHB
4164:BCKDHA
4138:PRKAG3
4133:PRKAG2
4128:PRKAG1
4118:PRKAB2
4113:PRKAB1
4103:PRKAA2
4098:PRKAA1
3943:STK38L
3568:Agents
3440:
3399:
3392:280619
3389:
3350:
3340:
3296:
3286:
3278:
3239:
3229:
3190:
3180:
3162:Neuron
3140:
3130:
3086:
3076:
3029:
2986:
2945:
2935:
2891:
2881:
2832:
2824:
2798:Nature
2778:
2768:
2729:
2688:
2678:
2630:
2623:152355
2620:
2581:
2546:
2538:
2512:Nature
2495:
2457:
2447:
2387:
2377:
2305:
2297:
2262:
2221:
2211:
2203:
2185:Neuron
2163:
2155:
2108:
2067:
2026:
2016:
1975:
1967:
1941:Nature
1924:
1914:
1873:
1863:
1837:Nature
1816:
1775:
1768:193538
1765:
1716:
1675:
1668:186245
1665:
1626:
1585:
1544:
1503:
1462:
1418:
1410:
1369:
1325:
1284:
1243:
1235:
1017:, and
991:, and
921:period
797:P49674
785:600863
754:CSNK1E
751:Symbol
660:600864
629:CSNK1D
626:Symbol
551:Q9Y6M4
539:604253
513:Symbol
438:P78368
426:602214
400:Symbol
325:Q9HCP0
313:606274
287:Symbol
229:humans
183:P48729
171:600505
145:Symbol
84:Casein
36:serine
5642:MAP2K
5576:ACVR1
5569:BMPR2
5554:BMPR1
5479:GSK-3
5320:MAP3K
5281:MAPK9
5276:MAPK8
5254:MAPK7
5249:MAPK6
5244:MAPK4
5239:MAPK3
5234:MAPK1
5146:PFTK1
5141:PCTK3
5136:PCTK2
5131:PCTK1
5121:CDK12
5116:CDK10
5091:CDKL5
5071:CDKL2
4948:STK19
4943:EEF2K
4924:PHKG2
4919:PHKG1
4909:PHKA2
4904:PHKA1
4885:MYLK4
4880:MYLK3
4875:MYLK2
4851:DCLK1
4846:Titin
4836:TRIB3
4831:TRIB2
4826:TRIB1
4816:TSSK2
4796:STK40
4781:PSKH1
4776:PRKD3
4771:PRKD2
4751:PHKG2
4746:PHKG1
4736:OBSCN
4731:NUAK2
4726:NUAK1
4721:MKNK2
4716:MKNK1
4706:MARK4
4701:MARK3
4696:MARK2
4691:MARK1
4671:STK11
4666:DAPK3
4661:DAPK2
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