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823:(1766–1840). Only one now survives: Cassiobury Lodge, in Gade Avenue, "... the most elaborate in execution — its whole exterior being covered or cased with sticks of various sizes split in two", wrote a Victorian visitor. At this time the park comprised 693 acres (2.80 km), the Home Park and the Upper Park being separated by the River Gade. The Upper Park became the West Herts Golf Course.
942:). Adele did not, however, find a buyer for Cassiobury House; in July 1922 she died of a heart attack in her bath, and the house remained unoccupied for a further five years. Finally, in 1927 it was demolished and sold for its materials. Posters advertised "To lovers of the antique, architects, builders, etc., 300 tons of old oak: 100 very fine old oak beams and 10,000
797:; the Inner Library, which also had portraits by Reynolds; and the Great Library, in which were busts of the Duke of Bedford, the Duke of Wellington, Napoleon and Charles I. The furniture of the Best Drawing Room was said to be "of the latest fashion and displays superior taste". Another spectacular room was the State Bedroom, with blue and white furnishings, a
608:'s rise to power, Capel was tried and condemned to death by the Parliamentarians, and beheaded in May 1649. Cassiobury had been sequestrated by Parliament. Arthur Capell's widow Lady Elizabeth Capell successfully petitioned Parliament for Cassiobury (and the other lands she had inherited from her father Charles Morrison) to be returned to her on (7–8 May 1649).
1052:. A fireplace and panelling were acquired by Frederick Charles and Muriel Blomfield (a cousin of Lord Essex) for their drawing room at nearby Waterdale House. A large selection of Gibbons panels and overmantels, including the entire panelling from Lord Essex's 1680 state bedroom at Cassiobury, were purchased by the American newspaper publisher
901:, David Beach Grant. The Earl's wealth was, by the standards of the day, not especially great, and it was Adele's money that supported the estate in the early years of the 20th century. The parties and entertainments at Cassiobury House continued into the new century: in 1902 it was visited by the young
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at this time and was responsible for the breaking up of many large estates across
Britain. The considerable death duties resulting from the 7th Earl's death affected the family fortunes, and after six years, his widow and their son, the 8th Earl, decided to put Cassiobury House and its assets on the
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acquired valuable land around
Cassiobury to lay out new streets and build new houses in the vicinity of the new station. The former site of Cassiobury House was eventually built over by a suburban housing development. In 1930, more land for the public park was purchased by
1095:. The Cassiobury House in Bedford, New York, which was constructed from bricks salvaged from the demolished Watford mansion, may also have been fitted with interior panelling from Lord Essex's rooms. The American property featured in a short television report on
909:. However, about this time the Essex family planned to let the house and live in London as the upkeep was becoming increasingly expensive. In 1909, 184 acres (0.74 km) of parkland were sold, most to Watford Borough Council for housing and the public park.
344:. Originally a Tudor building, dating from 1546 for Sir Richard Morrison, it was substantially remodelled in the 17th and 19th centuries and ultimately demolished in 1927. The surrounding Cassiobury Park was turned into the main public open space for Watford.
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A large sale of the contents was held over a period of ten days in June 1922. The lavish interior fixtures and fittings, furniture and fine art collection were split up and sold to private collectors and museums around the world, mainly in the United States
932:"By direction of the Right Honourable Adèle, Countess Dowager of Essex", "Cassiobury Park estate including the historical family mansion, Little Cassiobury, and the West Herts Golf Links, embracing in all an Area of about 870 acres (3.5 km)"
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visited
Cassiobury on 16 April 1680 "On the earnest invitation of the Earl of Essex," and dedicated an insightful passage to the merits and disadvantages of the house and grounds, describing some of the interior fittings and decorations.
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to create a sumptuous interior. Capell was an ambitious courtier, and by fitting out his mansion with richly decorated state rooms in the style of
Windsor, he hoped to attract a visit from the King to Cassiobury — he was not successful.
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The house, is new, a plain fabric, built by my friend, Mr. Hugh May. There are divers fair and good rooms, and excellent carving by
Gibbons, especially the chimney-piece of the library. There is in the porch, or entrance, a painting by
1461:, 1.24 miles (2.00 km) south-east of Cassiobury House, was the burial place for the Morison and Capel families. In 1595, the church vestry was converted into a memorial chapel by Bridget, Dowager Countess of Bedford and widow of
834:, took up residence here. Suffering from chronic illness, Adelaide often moved her place of residence in a vain search for health, staying at the country houses of various British aristocracy. After living for a short time at
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George Capell died in 1916 aged 59, after being knocked down by a taxi. The death of the 7th Earl of Essex set in motion events that were to bring about the demise of
Cassiobury House and change the town of Watford.
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visited and commented that
Cassiobury was "a very pretty house, and more full of comforts, curiosities and pretty things than any house I ever saw", and that the flower gardens were the "most complete in England".
380:, who started to build Cassiobury House in the extensive gardens, but had not made much progress by 1553, when he went into exile abroad. The estate grounds were much larger than they are today, reaching as far as
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in New York acquired a number of notable
Cassiobury pieces, including the ornately carved wooden staircase by Grinling Gibbons/Edward Pearce, as well as three paintings from the house: a double portrait by Sir
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in 2011, which shows extensive wood panelling, some carved chimney pieces and 18th-century
Chinese silk wallpaper. Other materials from Cassiobury were used to restore Monmouth House in Watford High Street.
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and the house was used as an education office for most of the 20th century. Now vacant, Little
Cassiobury is listed as "grade II*" and, due to its deteriorating condition, is classed as "at risk" by the
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Among the internal decorations was the ornately carved main staircase, a work attributed to Gibbons (although more recently attributed to Edward Pearce) which featured flower and fruit formations,
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When the Cassiobury Estate was put up for sale, Watford Borough Council purchased the park land to use for public amenities, and today a large area of the Cassiobury grounds now form the public
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Other interior wood carvings by Gibbons were salvaged from the house and sold to wealthy buyers around the world to adorn private residences. Some carvings were acquired by the art collector
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As with many British country houses, when the Cassiobury estate was sold off in 1923, museums in America and elsewhere bought the fixtures and much of the art collection. As a result of the
1349:. The site of the house lay in the area of land which was sold for housing development and is now occupied by the residential properties which lie between Temple Close and Parkside Drive.
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865:. Herds of deer roamed the park. Parties were a regular feature at the weekends. The public were allowed to ride and walk through the grounds, but had to apply for a ticket in advance.
1488:(d.1628). Both are lavishly decorated and feature sculpted effigies of the deceased and their family members. Monuments to various Earls of Essex are mounted on the chapel walls.
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gates survived at the Rickmansworth Road entrance to the park for several decades, but were finally demolished in 1970 by Watford Borough Council to allow road widening along the
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631:. The new house was built c.1677–80 and laid out on an "H" ground-plan, popular during that period, incorporating the original north-west wing. As he had already done at
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773:. Most of the rebuilding was finished by 1805. The new house comprised a large number of rooms, the main ones being the Winter Drawing Room, with family portraits by
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1017:(the Fifth Earl of Essex) as a boy of ten with his sister, Lady Elizabeth Capel; a double portrait of Mary and Elizabeth Capel painted by the Dutch artist Sir
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and the Liberal Arts. One room pargetted with yew I liked well. Some of the chimney mantels are of Irish marble, brought by my Lord from Ireland, when he was
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was one of the noblemen on the board of the canal company; at his insistence the canal was widened and landscaped where it passed through his property.
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was commissioned to landscape the park. A number of lodges and other buildings for the estate were constructed. These were designed by Wyatt's nephew,
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bricks". Much of the building material salvaged from the house, along with some interior fittings, were used to build a new house of the same name in
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there were renovations and extensions to the house in 1937–38. Soon after that Hertfordshire County Council bought Little Cassiobury in 1939 under a
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627:. He moved the Capell family seat from Hadham to Cassiobury, commissioning a lavish reconstruction of his father's Tudor mansion from the architect
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In 1841 a fire destroyed the orangery, which was filled with newly collected plants and fine orange trees, some of which had been presented to the
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in Hertfordshire, but after the marriage they became closely associated with Cassiobury. Arthur Capel was a politician and a supporter of the
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Although Cassiobury House was demolished in 1927, some minor associated buildings have survived to the present day. The Cassiobury House
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as child. After he was brought to Cassiobury he was granted his freedom and remained as a paid servant at the house for 44 years.
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The building of Little Cassiobury (the dower house) also dates from this period and still exists in Hempstead Road, Watford.
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of the Earl's assets, valuable remnants of Cassiobury House can now be seen in various museum collections around the world.
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who devised woodland walks and avenues, and provided "an excellent collection of the choicest fruits". Later, the gardeners
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The Friends of Little Cassiobury - The Cassiobury Dower House (designed by Lady Elizabeth Wilbraham and built in 1670)
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392:(1549–1599) continued building and completed the mansion, which had 56 rooms, a long gallery, stables, a dairy, and a
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has acquired a number of paintings from the collection of the Earl of Essex, including a view of Cassiobury House by
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The expansion of London's railways played a significant part in the demise of Cassiobury House. The incursion of the
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as an example of a seventeenth century tower clock. A set of 12 late medieval stained-glass roundels depicting the
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which once stood in Cassiobury's Inner Library was acquired by the Elisabeth Severance Prentiss Collection of the
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as "the chief glory of Watford Church", the chapel is noted for its large, ornate wall monuments by the sculptor
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also worked at Cassiobury. Between 1672 and 1720 an avenue of 296 lime trees was planted, linking the gardens to
2274:"Mary Capel (1630–1715), Later Duchess of Beaufort, and Her Sister Elizabeth (1633–1678), Countess of Carnarvon"
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The Essex Chapel (originally known as the Morison Chapel) can be seen in Saint Mary's today. Described by
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1542:"The hundred of Cashio - Introduction | A History of the County of Hertford: volume 2 (pp. 319-322)"
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hunting, cut in Portland stone, handsomely enough ... The library is large and very nobly furnished.
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2249:"George Capel, Viscount Malden (1757–1839), and Lady Elizabeth Capel (1755–1834) - Sir Joshua Reynolds"
1383:(the first woman architect), and is estimated to have been built in 1690. Under the supervision of the
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in Worcestershire, she came to Watford and rented Cassiobury. During her time here, she played host to
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2800:"Little Cassiobury (Education Office, Watford College) and Former Stable Block to Rear, Watford"
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dissolved the monasteries in 1539, Watford was divided from Cashio, and the King made himself
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1068:. When Ocean House was demolished, the bedroom panelling and cabinets were purchased by the
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708:. The staircase was built of oak wood, with the balustrade and decorations and executed in
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which had been installed in Cassiobury House during the 19th century was purchased by the
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A 2009 view of the former site of Cassiobury House, just behind the Cassiobury Tennis Club
8:
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A county of small towns : the development of Hertfordshire's urban landscape to 1800
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Modern map of Watford showing the site of Cassiobury House, now covered by suburban homes
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1568:"'Watford: Manors', A History of the County of Hertford: volume 2 (1908), pp. 451-464"
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was auctioned by Humbert & Flint, in conjunction with Knight, Frank & Rutley.
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In 1627 Sir Charles Morrison's daughter, Elizabeth (the heir to Cassiobury), married
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was removed from the turret of Cassiobury House and is now on public display in the
592:(1610–1649) and the estate passed into the Capel family. The Capels were settled at
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From 1846 to 1848, Cassiobury House temporarily became a royal residence when the
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Clock surround, c.1676: an example of Gibbons's interior decoration for Cassiobury
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1356:(built c.1805–15) survived and were converted into a retirement home. Now called
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400:(1587–1628); the younger Charles had a daughter, Elizabeth Morrison (1610–1660).
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which has also survived to the present day. It may have been designed by Lady
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1633:. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 248–249.
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846:. Within three years, Adelaide had moved on again, taking up residence at
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364:(then called "Albanestou"), which included Watford, dating from a grant by
39:
The County Seats of the Noblemen and Gentlemen of Great Britain and Ireland
3023:
Felling the ancient oaks : how England lost its great country estates
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2684:"Overdoor Decoration, c. 1675–1677 Grinling Gibbons (British, 1648–1721)"
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Moving rooms : [the trade in architectural salvages]
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enframement was sold to the Crane family and was fitted into the
1021:; and a portrait of their brother Sir Henry Capel, also by Lely.
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2659:"Overmantel, c. 1675–1677 Grinling Gibbons (British, 1648–1721)"
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flowers and foliation, bursting seed pods and pine-cones on the
2926:(2nd ed.). New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 385.
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2224:"The Lost Rooms: the sale of architectural salvages to America"
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into Hertfordshire reached Watford in 1926 with the opening of
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2732:"Cassiobury Court - Drug and Alcohol Rehabilitation Centre"
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property; he used them at his Ocean House mansion, now the
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The mechanism of the clock which was designed in 1610 by
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Cassiobury: The Ancient Seat of the Earls (Google eBook)
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2327:. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press. p. 121.
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The Cassiobury House Turret Clock at the British Museum
2890:. Hatfield: Univ. of Hertfordshire Press. p. 281.
1495:, a servant at Cassiobury House, who originated in the
1484:(d.1599), and opposite is another to his son and heir,
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building programme was at its peak. Developers such as
2918:
Pevsner, Nikolaus; revised by Cherry, Bridget (2002).
1924:
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and an interior painting of the Winter Dining Room by
18:
English country house in Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
2020:. Hatfield: Hertfordshire Publications. p. 241.
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Destruction of country houses in 20th-century Britain
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In Saint Mary's churchyard can be found the grave of
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also acquired a Gibbons carving for his own house in
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British country houses destroyed in the 20th century
1426:
1920 OS map of Watford showing the Cassiobury Estate
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for the private dining room of the mansion house at
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market. On Thursday 8 June 1922, at 2.30 p.m. at 20
2827:. Watford Borough Council. May 2012. Archived from
2719:
Watford councillors delay Cassiobury Court decision
1683:, 2004; online edn, Jan 2008, accessed 3 Sept 2014
3064:Photographs of Cassiobury House rooms and gardens
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1286:1768 portrait by Sir Joshua Reynolds portrait of
805:), and a ceiling in blue and gilt. In 1816, the
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921:, was placing an increasing financial burden on
897:, the daughter of the New York steam locomotive
376:of Cassiobury. In 1546, he granted the manor to
317:A woodcut of Cassiobury House as it was in 1707.
2549:"Grinling Gibbons, Overdoor (picture surround)"
1820:
1713:Diary and Correspondence of John Evelyn Vol. II
1246:1670s portrait by Sir Peter Lely of Mary &
1119:. The V&A also possesses a carved limewood
917:, a form of taxation introduced in 1894 by the
761:arrived at Cassiobury in 1799 and commissioned
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2604:"The Earls of Essex, their wives and children"
2466:"Square Feet: A Westchester Winter Wonderland"
2420:
1743:"Staircase from Cassiobury Park, Herfordshire"
1647:. Friends of Little Cassiobury. Archived from
678:, or gable, at the front is a bass-relievo of
424:Arthur Capell, rebuilder of Cassiobury 1677–80
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2354:. New Haven : Yale Univ. Press. p. 212.
73:Location of Cassiobury House in Hertfordshire
1230:One of the Cassiobury stained-glass panels (
1199:Treasures & Artworks of Cassiobury House
1076:where they now form the museum's Pine Room.
750:dates from the late eighteenth century. The
735:. Remnants of this can still be seen today.
2883:
2427:. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Pub. p. 83.
2384:
2325:Bedfordshire, Huntingdon & Peterborough
2047:. Amberley Publishing Limited. p. 16.
619:, the younger Arthur Capell rose to become
3113:
3099:
2421:Holtzclaw, Kenneth M.; Chong, Tom (2008).
939:
2993:Rabbitts, Paul; Priestley, Sarah (2014).
2964:. Watford Borough Council. Archived from
2853:Cassiobury: The Ancient Seat of the Earls
2850:Rabbitts, Paul; Priestley, Sarah (2014).
2608:Watford Museum: The Cassiobury Collection
2414:
2134:"Cassiobury, Bedford Hills, New York USA"
1887:
1767:
1765:
1763:
590:Arthur Capell, 1st Baron Capell of Hadham
561:Arthur Algernon Capell, 6th Earl of Essex
551:George Capel-Coningsby, 5th Earl of Essex
489:Arthur Capell, 1st Baron Capell of Hadham
388:. After the death of his father in 1556,
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2634:"Table Desk (Bureau Plat), c. 1750–1760"
2160:. Hatfield: Hertfordshire Publications.
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1930:
1918:
1705:
1703:
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1692:
1617:
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1413:The Cassiobury Estate past & present
1333:
1322:
1135:, a landscape painting of the estate by
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880:
872:
674:, and not much inferior to Italian. The
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396:. Sir Charles was succeeded by his son,
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65:
2924:The Buildings of England: Hertfordshire
2825:"Watford Buildings At Risk Survey 2011"
2322:
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1960:
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1862:
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1677:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1518:British country house contents auctions
1480:. On the south side is the memorial to
615:, inherited his estates. Following the
416:showing the grounds of the park in 1800
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2524:"Labours of the Months; Month of July"
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2222:Beckett, Matthew (15 September 2011).
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2015:
1771:
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1395:. They used part of its land to build
1371:The Cassiobury Estate also included a
1032:(the Wernher art collection is now at
719:The park and gardens were laid out by
3589:The Pumphouse Theatre and Arts Centre
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2122:
1891:The queens of England and their times
1698:
1499:. He was captured and sold in to the
1459:The Parish Church of St Mary, Watford
688:John Evelyn, Diary and Correspondence
3886:Watford (UK Parliament constituency)
2884:Slater, Terry; Goose, Nigel (2008).
1988:"Countess of Essex dies in her bath"
1955:
1869:. Stanley Paul & Co. p. 280
1866:The life and times of Queen Adelaide
1747:Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
1732:
1709:
1467:Francis Russell, 2nd Earl of Bedford
3930:Buildings and structures in Watford
3358:Watford railway station (1837–1858)
2457:
2077:"English country house in New York"
1980:
1781:Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin
1445:
1318:
1266:1659 portrait by Sir Peter Lely of
13:
2103:Churton, Nick (15 February 2010).
1907:Dowager Queen Adelaide cassiobury.
1624:"Capel, Arthur Capel, Baron"
1589:"A Brief History of Little Hadham"
611:After Capell's execution, his son
521:Algernon Capell, 2nd Earl of Essex
14:
3971:
3810:St Michael's Catholic High School
3394:Watford and Rickmansworth Railway
3059:Watford Museum's Cassiobury pages
3040:
2721:Watford Observer, 2 February 2011
2075:Youens, Arabella (21 July 2009).
2018:Parks in Hertfordshire since 1500
1774:"A Staircase by Grinling Gibbons"
1560:
1486:Sir Charles Morrison, 1st Baronet
1127:portion by Grinling Gibbons. The
781:; the Crimson Drawing Room, with
541:William Capell, 4th Earl of Essex
531:William Capell, 3rd Earl of Essex
474:Sir Charles Morrison, 1st Baronet
398:Sir Charles Morrison, 1st Baronet
3820:Watford Grammar School for Girls
3563:Watford Town Cricket Club Ground
3081:The "Grinling Gibbons" staircase
2396:Edward-Dean Museum & Gardens
2131:
1964:
1454:The Essex Chapel in Saint Mary's
1431:
1419:
1306:The Cassiobury grand staircase (
1299:
1279:
1259:
1239:
1223:
1207:
1070:Edward-Dean Museum & Gardens
891:7th Earl of Essex, George Capell
613:Arthur Capell, 1st Earl of Essex
571:George Capell, 7th Earl of Essex
511:Arthur Capell, 1st Earl of Essex
64:
57:
29:
3925:Country houses in Hertfordshire
3841:Centre for Missional Leadership
3815:Watford Grammar School for Boys
3594:Warner Bros. Studios, Leavesden
2999:. Amberley Publishing Limited.
2986:
2911:
2877:
2856:. Amberley Publishing Limited.
2817:
2792:
2767:
2742:
2724:
2712:
2701:
2676:
2651:
2626:
2596:
2566:
2541:
2516:
2491:
2448:
2375:
2316:
2291:
2266:
2241:
2215:
2194:. Amberley Publishing Limited.
2096:
2068:
2034:
2009:
1936:
1881:
1856:
1839:
1814:
1062:Annenberg Community Beach House
893:, married an American heiress,
868:
403:
368:of Mercia in AD 793. When King
306:Cassiobury Park - house history
3945:1546 establishments in England
2499:"Cassiobury Park turret clock"
1894:. D. Appleton and Co. p.
1863:Sandars, Mary Frances (1915).
1824:An Irish beauty of the regency
1663:
1637:
1611:
1581:
1534:
1:
2299:"Sir Henry Capel (1638–1696)"
2154:Spring, Deborah, ed. (2012).
1528:
1214:The Cassiobury turret clock (
1015:George Capel, Viscount Malden
449:
352:
2553:Victoria & Albert Museum
2528:Victoria & Albert Museum
2157:Hertfordshire garden history
742:Late 18th and 19th centuries
435:
7:
3834:Colleges & universities
3120:
2750:"Cassiobury Court, Watford"
2574:"The Cassiobury Collection"
2105:"Cassiobury House, Watford"
1967:"Cassiobury, Hertfordshire"
1888:Lancelott, Francis (1859).
1772:Parker, James (June 1957).
1710:Bray, William, ed. (1850).
1506:
617:Restoration of the Monarchy
581:Cassiobury House demolished
10:
3976:
3955:Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen
3784:Primary schools in Watford
3757:Grade II* listed buildings
2955:"Guide to St Mary's Tombs"
2323:Pevsner, Nikolaus (2002).
2303:Metropolitan Museum of Art
2278:Metropolitan Museum of Art
2253:Metropolitan Museum of Art
1405:Buildings at Risk Register
1308:Metropolitan Museum of Art
1292:Metropolitan Museum of Art
1272:Metropolitan Museum of Art
1252:Metropolitan Museum of Art
1186:by the Dutch-French maker
1117:Victoria and Albert Museum
1006:Metropolitan Museum of Art
621:Lord Lieutenant of Ireland
347:
3894:
3858:
3833:
3792:
3776:
3769:
3742:St Mary's Church, Watford
3737:St John's Church, Watford
3732:Holy Rood Church, Watford
3717:
3686:
3670:
3658:
3617:
3576:
3540:
3531:
3496:
3449:
3419:
3407:
3389:Croxley Green Branch Line
3381:
3348:
3323:Train operating companies
3322:
3276:
3245:
3238:
3231:
3128:
3047:Cassiobury Park - History
1847:image of Cassiobury Lodge
1546:www.british-history.ac.uk
1393:compulsory purchase order
1188:Bernard II van Risamburgh
1074:Cherry Valley, California
635:, May teamed up with the
384:and southwards almost to
304:
299:
291:
286:
272:
267:
243:
238:
230:
222:
214:
206:
198:
190:
151:
141:
127:
119:, later renovated in the
112:
102:
94:
89:
81:
52:
28:
23:
3800:Future Academies Watford
3664:Watford General Hospital
3472:Green Line bus route 724
3457:Arriva Herts & Essex
2804:British Listed Buildings
2754:British Listed Buildings
1821:Frances Calvert (1911).
1645:"Petition to Parliament"
1360:the buildings have been
1327:The former Dower House,
1089:Wynnefield, Philadelphia
1066:Santa Monica, California
234:693 acres (2.80 km)
3866:Watford Borough Council
3548:Sun Sports Watford F.C.
3021:Robinson, John (2014).
2688:Cleveland Museum of Art
2663:Cleveland Museum of Art
2638:Cleveland Museum of Art
2464:Dowdle, Muffin (2011).
2392:"The Pine Room Gallery"
2044:A Postcard From Watford
1681:Oxford University Press
1630:Encyclopædia Britannica
1192:Cleveland Museum of Art
1054:William Randolph Hearst
976:Watford Borough Council
239:Design and construction
3604:Watford Palace Theatre
3509:Grand Union Canal Path
1455:
1364:and are now used as a
1342:
1331:
1123:/picture surround and
1050:Ipswich, Massachusetts
886:
878:
828:Dowager Queen Adelaide
691:
433:
425:
417:
360:claimed rights to the
336:, England. It was the
318:
3871:Three Rivers District
3497:Cycling & walking
3437:Watford Vicarage Road
2348:Harris, John (2007).
2188:Cooper, John (2013).
2041:Cooper, John (2014).
2016:Prince, Hugh (2008).
1845:Cf. the contemporary
1453:
1389:Clough Williams-Ellis
1337:
1326:
1290:and Elizabeth Capel (
1113:Labours of the Months
993:Sale of estate assets
967:William King & Co
884:
877:The public park today
876:
658:
431:
423:
411:
370:Henry VIII of England
316:
107:English country house
3704:Grand Junction Canal
3618:Parks & woodland
3519:Ver-Colne Valley Way
3340:West Midlands Trains
3268:West Coast Main Line
2920:"Watford - Churches"
2191:Watford Through Time
1341:, the former stables
1171:, among others. The
959:Watford tube station
955:Metropolitan Railway
454:Sir Richard Morrison
437:Peers at Cassiobury
390:Sir Charles Morrison
378:Sir Richard Morrison
191:Construction started
175:51.66500°N 0.41889°W
43:Francis Orpen Morris
3687:Canals & rivers
3558:Watford F.C. Ladies
3399:Watford North Curve
3304:Watford High Street
2971:on 31 December 2014
2584:on 28 November 2015
1493:George Edward Doney
1482:Sir Charles Morison
1463:Sir Richard Morison
1381:Elizabeth Wilbraham
1366:drug rehabilitation
1083:American architect
1046:Castle Hill mansion
697:leaves and acorns,
483:Elizabeth Morrison
464:Sir Charles Morison
438:
171: /
113:Architectural style
90:General information
3950:History of Watford
3846:West Herts College
3413:Watford rail crash
3351:abandoned stations
3052:2019-03-29 at the
3025:. : Aurum Pr Ltd.
2831:on 2 November 2014
2775:"Cassiobury Court"
2402:on 31 October 2014
2109:Hertfordshire Life
1948:2014-09-04 at the
1720:. pp. 140–141
1599:on 1 November 2014
1456:
1377:Little Cassiobury,
1343:
1332:
1141:William Henry Hunt
1056:to install at his
919:Liberal Government
887:
879:
643:, and the painter
436:
434:
426:
418:
319:
180:51.66500; -0.41889
3912:
3911:
3854:
3853:
3825:Westfield Academy
3805:Parmiter's School
3793:Secondary schools
3765:
3764:
3752:Watford Town Hall
3709:Grand Union Canal
3599:Watford Colosseum
3532:Attractions &
3527:
3526:
3514:Hertfordshire Way
3445:
3444:
3432:Croxley Rail Link
3335:London Overground
3330:Avanti West Coast
3258:Metropolitan line
1358:Cassiobury Court,
1329:Little Cassiobury
1177:Cornelius Johnson
978:. A set of grand
971:Charles Brightman
948:Bedford, New York
903:Winston Churchill
803:The Village Feast
759:5th Earl of Essex
748:Grand Union Canal
729:Charles Bridgeman
602:English Civil War
586:
585:
374:lord of the manor
311:
310:
287:Other information
3967:
3903:Watford Observer
3881:Mayor of Watford
3774:
3773:
3727:Cassiobury House
3650:Whippendell Wood
3645:The Lairage Land
3538:
3537:
3382:Disused railways
3309:Watford Junction
3243:
3242:
3236:
3235:
3115:
3108:
3101:
3092:
3091:
3036:
3017:
3015:
3013:
2981:
2980:
2978:
2976:
2970:
2959:
2951:
2945:
2944:
2942:
2940:
2915:
2909:
2908:
2906:
2904:
2881:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2870:
2847:
2841:
2840:
2838:
2836:
2821:
2815:
2814:
2812:
2810:
2796:
2790:
2789:
2787:
2785:
2771:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2760:
2746:
2740:
2739:
2736:Cassiobury Court
2728:
2722:
2716:
2710:
2705:
2699:
2698:
2696:
2694:
2680:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2669:
2655:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2644:
2630:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2619:
2610:. Archived from
2600:
2594:
2593:
2591:
2589:
2580:. Archived from
2570:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2559:
2545:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2534:
2520:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2495:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2484:
2461:
2455:
2452:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2441:
2418:
2412:
2411:
2409:
2407:
2398:. Archived from
2388:
2382:
2379:
2373:
2372:
2370:
2368:
2345:
2339:
2338:
2320:
2314:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2295:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2284:
2270:
2264:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2245:
2239:
2238:
2236:
2234:
2228:The Country Seat
2219:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2185:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2174:
2151:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2140:
2129:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2100:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2038:
2032:
2031:
2013:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2002:
1992:
1984:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1962:
1953:
1940:
1934:
1928:
1922:
1916:
1910:
1909:
1904:
1902:
1885:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1860:
1854:
1843:
1837:
1832:
1818:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1778:
1769:
1758:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1739:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1707:
1696:
1690:
1684:
1667:
1661:
1660:
1658:
1656:
1641:
1635:
1634:
1626:
1615:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1595:. Archived from
1585:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1564:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1538:
1446:The Essex Chapel
1435:
1423:
1402:English Heritage
1339:Cassiobury Court
1319:Cassiobury today
1303:
1283:
1263:
1243:
1227:
1211:
1147:, the school of
1085:Horace Trumbauer
821:Jeffry Wyatville
769:exterior and an
733:Whippendell Wood
689:
641:Grinling Gibbons
623:in the reign of
439:
322:Cassiobury House
262:Jeffry Wyatville
248:Grinling Gibbons
186:
185:
183:
182:
181:
176:
172:
169:
168:
167:
164:
68:
67:
61:
35:Cassiobury House
33:
24:Cassiobury House
21:
20:
3975:
3974:
3970:
3969:
3968:
3966:
3965:
3964:
3915:
3914:
3913:
3908:
3890:
3850:
3829:
3788:
3777:Primary schools
3761:
3719:
3713:
3682:
3666:
3654:
3640:Harebreaks Wood
3630:Cassiobury Park
3613:
3572:
3533:
3523:
3492:
3484:Red Rose Travel
3477:Mullany's Buses
3441:
3420:Future projects
3415:
3403:
3377:
3368:Watford Stadium
3363:Watford Central
3350:
3344:
3318:
3289:Carpenders Park
3272:
3263:Watford DC line
3227:
3168:Leavesden Green
3130:
3124:
3119:
3072:picture archive
3054:Wayback Machine
3043:
3033:
3011:
3009:
3007:
2989:
2984:
2974:
2972:
2968:
2957:
2953:
2952:
2948:
2938:
2936:
2934:
2916:
2912:
2902:
2900:
2898:
2882:
2878:
2868:
2866:
2864:
2848:
2844:
2834:
2832:
2823:
2822:
2818:
2808:
2806:
2798:
2797:
2793:
2783:
2781:
2773:
2772:
2768:
2758:
2756:
2748:
2747:
2743:
2730:
2729:
2725:
2717:
2713:
2708:Cassiobury Park
2706:
2702:
2692:
2690:
2682:
2681:
2677:
2667:
2665:
2657:
2656:
2652:
2642:
2640:
2632:
2631:
2627:
2617:
2615:
2614:on 4 March 2016
2602:
2601:
2597:
2587:
2585:
2572:
2571:
2567:
2557:
2555:
2547:
2546:
2542:
2532:
2530:
2522:
2521:
2517:
2507:
2505:
2497:
2496:
2492:
2482:
2480:
2462:
2458:
2453:
2449:
2439:
2437:
2435:
2419:
2415:
2405:
2403:
2390:
2389:
2385:
2380:
2376:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2346:
2342:
2335:
2321:
2317:
2307:
2305:
2297:
2296:
2292:
2282:
2280:
2272:
2271:
2267:
2257:
2255:
2247:
2246:
2242:
2232:
2230:
2220:
2216:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2186:
2182:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2152:
2148:
2138:
2136:
2132:Baty, Patrick.
2130:
2123:
2113:
2111:
2101:
2097:
2087:
2085:
2073:
2069:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2039:
2035:
2028:
2014:
2010:
2000:
1998:
1990:
1986:
1985:
1981:
1971:
1969:
1965:Baty, Patrick.
1963:
1956:
1950:Wayback Machine
1941:
1937:
1929:
1925:
1917:
1913:
1900:
1898:
1886:
1882:
1872:
1870:
1861:
1857:
1844:
1840:
1819:
1815:
1805:
1803:
1793:10.2307/3257759
1776:
1770:
1761:
1751:
1749:
1741:
1740:
1733:
1723:
1721:
1708:
1699:
1691:
1687:
1668:
1664:
1654:
1652:
1643:
1642:
1638:
1616:
1612:
1602:
1600:
1587:
1586:
1582:
1572:
1570:
1566:
1565:
1561:
1551:
1549:
1540:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1509:
1448:
1443:
1442:
1441:
1440:
1439:
1436:
1428:
1427:
1424:
1415:
1414:
1397:Watford College
1362:Grade II listed
1347:Cassiobury Park
1321:
1316:
1315:
1314:
1311:
1304:
1295:
1284:
1275:
1264:
1255:
1248:Elizabeth Capel
1244:
1235:
1228:
1219:
1212:
1201:
1200:
1169:Thomas Lawrence
1165:Joshua Reynolds
1157:Godfrey Kneller
1149:William Wissing
1133:J. M. W. Turner
1011:Joshua Reynolds
995:
871:
832:King William IV
810:Frances Calvert
744:
690:
687:
672:Lord Lieutenant
500:The Interregnum
487:
406:
362:manor of Cashio
358:St Albans Abbey
355:
350:
330:Cassiobury Park
292:Number of rooms
268:Renovating team
244:Other designers
210:c.1677–80; 1805
179:
177:
173:
170:
165:
162:
160:
158:
157:
85:Manor of Cashio
77:
76:
75:
74:
71:
70:
69:
48:
36:
19:
12:
11:
5:
3973:
3963:
3962:
3960:Moryson family
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3910:
3909:
3907:
3906:
3898:
3896:
3892:
3891:
3889:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3862:
3860:
3856:
3855:
3852:
3851:
3849:
3848:
3843:
3837:
3835:
3831:
3830:
3828:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3796:
3794:
3790:
3789:
3787:
3786:
3780:
3778:
3771:
3767:
3766:
3763:
3762:
3760:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3747:Watford Museum
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3723:
3721:
3718:Heritage &
3715:
3714:
3712:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3690:
3688:
3684:
3683:
3681:
3680:
3674:
3672:
3668:
3667:
3662:
3660:
3656:
3655:
3653:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3621:
3619:
3615:
3614:
3612:
3611:
3609:Watford Museum
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3580:
3578:
3574:
3573:
3571:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3544:
3542:
3535:
3529:
3528:
3525:
3524:
3522:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3500:
3498:
3494:
3493:
3491:
3490:
3485:
3482:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3467:Carousel Buses
3464:
3459:
3453:
3451:
3447:
3446:
3443:
3442:
3440:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3423:
3421:
3417:
3416:
3411:
3409:
3405:
3404:
3402:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3385:
3383:
3379:
3378:
3376:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3354:
3352:
3346:
3345:
3343:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3326:
3324:
3320:
3319:
3317:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3280:
3278:
3274:
3273:
3271:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3249:
3247:
3240:
3239:Rail transport
3233:
3229:
3228:
3226:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3134:
3132:
3126:
3125:
3118:
3117:
3110:
3103:
3095:
3089:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3061:
3056:
3042:
3041:External links
3039:
3038:
3037:
3031:
3018:
3005:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2982:
2962:Watford Museum
2946:
2932:
2910:
2896:
2876:
2862:
2842:
2816:
2791:
2766:
2741:
2723:
2711:
2700:
2675:
2650:
2625:
2595:
2578:Watford Museum
2565:
2540:
2515:
2503:British Museum
2490:
2456:
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2374:
2360:
2340:
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2265:
2240:
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2166:
2146:
2121:
2095:
2067:
2053:
2033:
2026:
2008:
1997:. 28 July 1922
1995:New York Times
1979:
1954:
1935:
1923:
1911:
1880:
1855:
1838:
1813:
1759:
1731:
1697:
1685:
1662:
1651:on 14 May 2018
1636:
1621:, ed. (1911).
1619:Chisholm, Hugh
1610:
1580:
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1527:
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1222:
1220:
1216:British Museum
1213:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1198:
1197:
1196:
1129:Watford Museum
1109:British Museum
1105:Leonard Tenant
1040:, London). An
1034:Ranger's House
1026:Julius Wernher
994:
991:
928:Hanover Square
870:
867:
848:Bentley Priory
840:Queen Victoria
817:Humphry Repton
743:
740:
685:
645:Antonio Verrio
633:Windsor Castle
584:
583:
578:
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558:
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451:
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338:ancestral seat
309:
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297:
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293:
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284:
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259:Humphry Repton
252:Antonio Verrio
245:
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143:
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114:
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34:
26:
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17:
9:
6:
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3:
2:
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3940:Capell family
3938:
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3876:Watford Rural
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3678:Atria Watford
3676:
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3569:
3568:Vicarage Road
3566:
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3551:
3549:
3546:
3545:
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3512:
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3489:
3486:
3483:
3481:Redline Buses
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3462:Arriva London
3460:
3458:
3455:
3454:
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3450:Bus transport
3448:
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3435:
3433:
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3333:
3331:
3328:
3327:
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3321:
3315:
3314:Watford North
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
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3279:
3277:Open stations
3275:
3269:
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3264:
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3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3250:
3248:
3246:Railway lines
3244:
3241:
3237:
3234:
3230:
3224:
3223:Vicarage Road
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3208:Watford Heath
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
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3181:
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3178:North Watford
3176:
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3071:
3070:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3051:
3048:
3045:
3044:
3034:
3032:9781781313343
3028:
3024:
3019:
3008:
3006:9781445638805
3002:
2998:
2997:
2991:
2990:
2967:
2963:
2956:
2950:
2935:
2933:9780300096118
2929:
2925:
2921:
2914:
2899:
2897:9781905313440
2893:
2889:
2888:
2880:
2865:
2863:9781445638805
2859:
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2801:
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2679:
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2613:
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2554:
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2544:
2529:
2525:
2519:
2504:
2500:
2494:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2460:
2454:Harris, p.209
2451:
2436:
2434:9780738559520
2430:
2426:
2425:
2424:Cherry Valley
2417:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2387:
2381:Harris, p.222
2378:
2363:
2361:9780300124200
2357:
2353:
2352:
2344:
2336:
2334:9780300095814
2330:
2326:
2319:
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2300:
2294:
2279:
2275:
2269:
2254:
2250:
2244:
2229:
2225:
2218:
2203:
2201:9781445632032
2197:
2193:
2192:
2184:
2169:
2167:9781907396861
2163:
2159:
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2150:
2135:
2128:
2126:
2110:
2106:
2099:
2084:
2083:
2078:
2071:
2056:
2054:9781445626376
2050:
2046:
2045:
2037:
2029:
2027:9780954218997
2023:
2019:
2012:
1996:
1989:
1983:
1968:
1961:
1959:
1951:
1947:
1944:
1943:Lost Heritage
1939:
1933:, p. 28.
1932:
1931:Robinson 2014
1927:
1921:, p. 57.
1920:
1919:Robinson 2014
1915:
1908:
1897:
1893:
1892:
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1748:
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1738:
1736:
1719:
1718:Henry Colburn
1715:
1714:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1695:, p. 55.
1694:
1693:Robinson 2014
1689:
1682:
1678:
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1058:Hearst Castle
1055:
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1035:
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1022:
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923:landed gentry
920:
916:
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908:
904:
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855:
853:
849:
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844:Prince Albert
841:
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833:
829:
824:
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796:
792:
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749:
739:
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730:
726:
725:George London
722:
717:
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684:
683:
681:
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603:
600:cause in the
599:
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594:Little Hadham
591:
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387:
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382:North Watford
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
345:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
326:country house
323:
315:
307:
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209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
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156:
154:
150:
147:
144:
140:
137:
136:Hertfordshire
133:
130:
126:
122:
118:
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111:
108:
105:
101:
97:
93:
88:
84:
80:
60:
51:
47:
44:
40:
32:
27:
22:
16:
3901:
3726:
3720:architecture
3635:Garston Park
3553:Watford F.C.
3427:Cassiobridge
3373:Watford West
3349:Closed &
3299:Watford (LU)
3213:West Watford
3148:Colney Butts
3138:Cassiobridge
3069:Country Life
3067:
3022:
3010:. Retrieved
2995:
2987:Bibliography
2973:. Retrieved
2966:the original
2961:
2949:
2937:. Retrieved
2923:
2913:
2901:. Retrieved
2886:
2879:
2867:. Retrieved
2852:
2845:
2833:. Retrieved
2829:the original
2819:
2807:. Retrieved
2803:
2794:
2782:. Retrieved
2778:
2769:
2757:. Retrieved
2753:
2744:
2735:
2726:
2714:
2703:
2691:. Retrieved
2687:
2678:
2666:. Retrieved
2662:
2653:
2641:. Retrieved
2637:
2628:
2616:. Retrieved
2612:the original
2607:
2598:
2586:. Retrieved
2582:the original
2577:
2568:
2556:. Retrieved
2552:
2543:
2531:. Retrieved
2527:
2518:
2506:. Retrieved
2502:
2493:
2481:. Retrieved
2478:NBC New York
2472:. New York.
2469:
2459:
2450:
2438:. Retrieved
2423:
2416:
2404:. Retrieved
2400:the original
2395:
2386:
2377:
2365:. Retrieved
2350:
2343:
2324:
2318:
2306:. Retrieved
2302:
2293:
2281:. Retrieved
2277:
2268:
2256:. Retrieved
2252:
2243:
2231:. Retrieved
2227:
2217:
2205:. Retrieved
2190:
2183:
2171:. Retrieved
2156:
2149:
2137:. Retrieved
2112:. Retrieved
2108:
2098:
2086:. Retrieved
2082:Country Life
2080:
2070:
2058:. Retrieved
2043:
2036:
2017:
2011:
1999:. Retrieved
1994:
1982:
1970:. Retrieved
1938:
1926:
1914:
1906:
1899:. Retrieved
1890:
1883:
1871:. Retrieved
1865:
1858:
1841:
1823:
1816:
1804:. Retrieved
1784:
1780:
1750:. Retrieved
1746:
1722:. Retrieved
1712:
1688:
1671:
1665:
1653:. Retrieved
1649:the original
1639:
1628:
1613:
1601:. Retrieved
1597:the original
1592:
1583:
1571:. Retrieved
1562:
1550:. Retrieved
1545:
1536:
1490:
1471:
1457:
1376:
1370:
1357:
1351:
1344:
1338:
1328:
1181:
1173:Capel family
1161:Andrea Soldi
1153:Enoch Seeman
1137:John Wootton
1102:
1097:NBC New York
1093:Pennsylvania
1078:
1023:
1003:
996:
952:
944:Tudor period
936:
931:
915:Death duties
911:
889:In 1893 the
888:
869:20th century
856:
836:Witley Court
825:
815:
802:
787:Gainsborough
756:
745:
737:
718:
692:
660:
659:
651:The diarist
650:
639:of the day,
610:
587:
580:
498:
484:
404:17th century
356:
321:
320:
273:Architect(s)
128:Town or city
117:Neoclassical
82:Former names
45:
38:
15:
3694:River Colne
3625:Albans Wood
3577:Attractions
3203:South Oxhey
3188:The Rookery
3173:Nascot Wood
2975:27 December
2939:30 December
2869:26 December
2618:17 November
2173:11 November
1787:(10): 235.
1669:John Bold,
1593:The Hadhams
1501:slave trade
1385:Portmeirion
1373:dower house
1310:, New york)
1268:Henry Capel
1184:bureau plat
983:Tudor-style
980:castellated
895:Adele Grant
863:Louis XVIII
830:, widow of
763:James Wyatt
653:John Evelyn
637:wood carver
281:James Wyatt
178: /
153:Coordinates
3919:Categories
3859:Government
3699:River Gade
3659:Facilities
3253:Abbey Line
3143:Cassiobury
3012:31 October
2835:2 November
2809:2 November
2784:2 November
2759:2 November
2693:28 October
2668:28 October
2643:28 October
2588:19 October
2558:31 October
2533:19 October
2508:19 October
2483:31 October
2470:Open House
2440:31 October
2406:31 October
2367:30 October
2308:19 October
2283:19 October
2258:28 October
2233:19 October
2207:31 October
2139:31 October
2114:31 October
2088:31 October
2060:2 November
2001:9 December
1972:31 October
1835:pp 269–270
1806:28 October
1752:19 October
1724:28 October
1716:. London:
1603:1 November
1552:29 January
1529:References
1513:Cassiobury
1387:architect
1145:Peter Lely
1081:Gilded Age
1042:overmantel
1019:Peter Lely
963:Metro-land
907:Edward VII
801:tapestry (
775:Peter Lely
721:Moses Cook
625:Charles II
353:Beginnings
256:Moses Cook
223:Demolished
166:00°25′08″W
163:51°39′54″N
98:Demolished
3770:Education
3584:The Grove
3534:amenities
3504:Ebury Way
3408:Disasters
3232:Transport
3163:Kingswood
3066:from the
1829:John Lane
1672:May, Hugh
1038:Greenwich
1030:Luton Hoo
987:A412 road
940:see below
905:and King
807:socialite
783:Canaletto
765:to add a
703:bannister
604:; during
567:1892–1916
557:1839–1892
547:1799–1839
537:1743–1799
527:1710–1743
517:1683–1710
507:1661–1683
495:1649–1660
480:1628–1649
470:1599–1628
460:1556–1599
450:1546–1556
414:John Cary
412:A map by
394:brewhouse
386:Moor Park
366:King Offa
207:Renovated
199:Completed
3671:Shopping
3218:Woodside
3198:Russells
3158:Holywell
3129:Areas of
3050:Archived
1946:Archived
1901:13 April
1873:13 April
1573:11 March
1507:See also
1368:centre.
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