247:
60:
20:
119:
When they were taken by the
Catholic Crusaders they were generally offered to senior Crusade commanders who would replace the local lord as master of the castle and the surrounding area. The old lords, sometimes Cathar sympathisers, were dispossessed and often became refugees or guerrilla resistance
233:
to France as part of the dowry, and moving the international frontier south to the crest of the
Pyrenees, the present Franco-Spanish border. The Five Sons of Carcassonne thus lost their importance. Some maintained a garrison for a while, a few until the
46:
is also applied to these fortifications despite their having no connection with
Cathars. The fate of many Cathar castles, at least for the early part of the Crusade, is outlined in the contemporary Occitan
42:
connection in that they offered refuge to dispossessed
Cathars in the thirteenth century. Many of these sites were replaced by new castles built by the victorious French Crusaders and the term
152:
was reinforced by the French king, new master of the viscountcy. Carcassonne was heavily garrisoned not only against Cathar sympathizer insurgents, but also the
Catalans and Aragonese, as the
120:
fighters known as "faidits". The new French lords generally built themselves a new state-of-the-art castle, sometimes on the site of the old "Cathar castle", sometimes next to it, as at
171:, which still belonged to the King of Aragon. Five of these became Royal citadels, garrisoned by a small troop of French royal troops. These five Cathar Castles are known as the
70:
Cathar strong points were generally surrounded by a walled settlement - ranging from a small village to a sizable city - known as a
167:
The King of France took as frontier fortresses Cathar castles near the border between the historic
Trencavel territories and the
797:
455:
Tuez-les tous Dieu reconnaîtra les siens. Le massacre de Béziers et la croisade des
Albigeois vus par CĂ©saire de Heisterbach
334:
903:
844:
823:
760:
712:
654:
608:
573:
551:
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476:
444:
884:
778:
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632:
425:
340:
922:
157:
752:
317:
270:
105:
295:
927:
468:
194:
189:
686:
561:
543:
265:
255:
179:
101:
226:
219:
622:
149:
517:
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285:
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161:
290:
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199:
109:
8:
89:
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215:
735:
899:
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604:
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472:
440:
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364:
346:
235:
113:
246:
792:. Translated by Sibly, W. A.; Sibly, M. D. Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK: Boydell Press.
731:
701:
59:
465:
Inquisition and
Medieval Society: Power, Discipline, and Resistance in Languedoc
519:
Medieval Heresy: Popular
Movements from the Gregorian Reform to the Reformation
238:, but they fell into decay, often becoming shelters for shepherds or bandits.
916:
703:
The
Perfect Heresy: The Revolutionary Life and Death of the Medieval Cathars
859:
349:
The story of the Cathars in Languedoc, and a short guide to Cathar heritage
184:
51:", translated into English as the "Song of the Cathar Wars (the crusade)".
664:
642:
618:
592:
156:
had been vassals of the King of Aragon, who was the direct descendant of
141:
132:, substantial parts of the existing castles date from the Cathar period.
125:
93:
722:
Pegg, Mark (2001), "On Cathars, Albigenses, and good men of Languedoc",
771:
A Most Holy War: The Albigensian Crusade and the Battle for Christendom
230:
168:
322:
211:
153:
145:
35:
19:
76:. In relatively flat areas such as the Lauragais Plain, castles and
85:
63:
437:
The Cathars: Dualist heretics in Languedoc in the High Middle Ages
690:
358:
223:
121:
72:
896:
Cathar Castles: Fortresses of the Albigensian Crusade 1209-1300
566:
Montaillou: The Promised Land of Error, Barbara Bray translator
81:
39:
229:
to the French King. The treaty modified the frontiers, giving
205:
747:
The Corruption of Angels: The Great Inquisition of 1245–1245
486:
352:
129:
879:. Pleasance, Simon (trans.). Vic-en-Bigorre, France: MSM.
898:. Peter Dennis (illustrator). Oxford: Osprey Publishing.
856:
The Yellow Cross: The Story of the Last Cathars 1290–1329
381:
833:Wakefield, Walter Leggett; Evans, Austin P (1991).
393:
241:
811:
744:
700:
596:
516:
420:, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press,
361:Cathar Castles: History, Location and Photographs.
140:Following the failure of the attempt to recapture
54:
540:Power and Purity: Cathar Heresy in Medieval Italy
34:) are a group of medieval castles located in the
914:
80:were often located on nearby hills, for example
832:
560:
100:were typically located on mountain tops as at
585:The Albigensian Crusade: An Historical Essay
365:Map showing Cathar Castles in the Languedoc
355:Cathars, Cathar Beliefs and Cathar Castles.
206:Abandonment of the Five Sons of Carcassonne
787:
698:
387:
818:(New ed.). London: Faber and Faber.
806:
685:
399:
245:
58:
18:
582:
537:
514:
495:
452:
915:
893:
790:The history of the Albigensian Crusade
647:The Formation of a Persecuting Society
434:
742:
663:
641:
617:
591:
462:
335:Association des Sites du Pays Cathare
16:Medieval castles in Languedoc, France
853:
768:
721:
337:: historical and tourist information
874:
773:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
96:. In more rugged areas castles and
13:
868:
707:. New York: Walker & Company.
415:
14:
944:
328:
135:
836:Heresies of the High Middle Ages
175:, the Five Sons of Carcassonne:
627:. Medieval Academy of America.
599:The Origins of European Dissent
222:, sealing the marriage of the
1:
839:. Columbia University Press.
736:10.1016/s0304-4181(01)00008-2
370:
343:official website, in English.
144:by its Viscount, Raymond II
7:
724:Journal of Medieval History
603:. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
311:
10:
949:
788:Petrus, Sarnensis (1998).
753:Princeton University Press
124:. In some places, notably
671:. London: Profile Books.
583:Madaule, Jacques (1967).
515:Lambert, Malcolm (2002).
500:. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
496:Lambert, Malcolm (1998).
488:Cathars and Cathar Belief
453:Berlioz, Jacques (1994),
318:List of castles in France
699:O'Shea, Stephen (2000).
562:Le Roy Ladurie, Emmanuel
469:Cornell University Press
457:(in French), Loubatières
435:Barber, Malcolm (2000),
388:Sibly & Sibly (1998)
173:cinq fils de Carcassonne
894:Cowper, Marcus (2006).
877:Discover Cathar Country
814:The Albigensian Crusade
587:. New York: Fordham UP.
544:Oxford University Press
538:Lansing, Carol (1998).
418:Inquisition & Power
185:Château de Peyrepertuse
296:Château de Roquefixade
251:
242:Other "Cathar castles"
220:Treaty of the Pyrenees
67:
66:castles (13th century)
49:Chanson de la Croisade
24:
23:Le Château de Quéribus
875:Aué, Michèle (1992).
649:. Oxford: Blackwell.
523:. Oxford: Blackwell.
463:Given, James (1992).
249:
190:Château de Puilaurens
62:
55:True "Cathar castles"
22:
743:Pegg, Mark (2001b),
271:Château de Montségur
266:Châteaux de Lastours
162:Bello of Carcassonne
854:Weis, René (2001).
769:Pegg, Mark (2008).
624:The Birth of Heresy
439:, Harlow: Longman,
195:Château de Quéribus
150:Cité de Carcassonne
90:Mas-Saintes-Puelles
38:region. Some had a
808:Sumption, Jonathan
301:Château de Saissac
286:Château de Puivert
281:Château de Pieusse
261:Château de Durfort
252:
216:Philip IV of Spain
68:
25:
923:Castles in Ariège
799:978-0-8511-5658-3
669:The War on Heresy
568:. Vintage Books.
291:Rennes-le-Château
276:Château de Padern
236:French Revolution
200:Château de Termes
180:Château d'Aguilar
32:Châteaux cathares
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689:(9 March 2016),
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416:Arnold, John H,
403:
397:
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341:Castle of Termes
256:Château d’Arques
102:Lastours-Cabaret
948:
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928:Castles in Aude
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400:Sumption (1999)
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306:Château d'Usson
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148:, in 1240, the
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846:978-0231096324
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825:978-0571200023
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766:
762:978-0691006567
761:
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730:(2): 181–190,
719:
714:978-1861972705
713:
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692:Cathar Castles
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656:978-1405129640
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610:978-0631144045
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575:978-0807615980
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553:978-0195149807
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530:978-0631222767
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507:978-0631143437
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491:, 9 March 2016
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359:Cathar Castles
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353:Cathar Country
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347:About France
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498:The Cathars
218:signed the
142:Carcassonne
126:Carcassonne
94:Carcassonne
30:(in French
917:Categories
665:Moore, R I
643:Moore, R I
619:Moore, R I
593:Moore, R I
371:References
231:Roussillon
169:Roussillon
154:Trencavels
114:Puilaurens
933:Catharism
810:(1999) .
645:(2006) .
323:Catharism
212:Louis XIV
210:In 1659,
146:Trencaval
106:Montségur
36:Languedoc
667:(2012).
621:(1995).
595:(1985).
564:(1979).
312:See also
214:and the
158:Sunifred
86:Fanjeaux
64:Lastours
546:(USA).
224:Infanta
122:Puivert
73:castrum
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443:
424:
112:, and
110:Termes
98:castra
92:, and
82:Laurac
78:castra
40:Cathar
376:Notes
900:ISBN
881:ISBN
841:ISBN
820:ISBN
794:ISBN
775:ISBN
757:ISBN
709:ISBN
673:ISBN
651:ISBN
629:ISBN
605:ISBN
570:ISBN
548:ISBN
525:ISBN
502:ISBN
473:ISBN
441:ISBN
422:ISBN
160:and
130:Foix
128:and
732:doi
250:Map
919::
755:,
751:,
728:27
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542:.
471:.
467:.
164:.
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