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sword"-type pommel and the runic inscription on the
Korsoygaden sword, they could not possibly predate the mid 13th century because of the style of the Cawood sword's inscriptions, and because the pommel type was not in fact in "Viking Age" style, but in a "late" British derivation of pommel shapes of the Viking Age. However, in 1991, Oakeshott revisited this opinion based on the style of the runic inscription on the Korsoygaden sword. The 12th-century date for both swords is based on this argument. This, i.e. the combined evidence from the Cawood and the Korsoygaden swords, are of "extreme importance" for the dating of swords and blade inscriptions of the 11th to 12th centuries. Oakeshott (1991) presents a group of eight swords, some of which were previously dated to c. 1300, which based on close morphological parallels to these swords must be reassigned to the period of c. 1000–1120. Oakeshott's date for the Cawood sword itself is now c. 1100–1150. This has consequences for the dating of
237:"The Korsoygaden sword, long believed to date to be of late Viking date, is in fact a Type XII. The hilt is almost exactly the same shape as that of the Cawood sword (also a XII), which by the style of the inlaid inscriptions in its blade may be placed with some confidence within a period between perhaps 1240 and 1310. Certainly no earlier than the former. The runes on the Korsoygaden hilt might have been made at any time between 1000 and 1300 (not later). Thus, in spite of being found in a stone coffin with the remains of a circular shield, it seems likely that the Korsoygaden sword must be of c. 1240–1300, not of c. 1000." Oakeshott (1964:98).
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246:"the runes inscribed upon the bronze collars which once held the grip at top and bottom rather roughly incised in a rather 'home-made' style, have been positively dated as being no later than 1150 and unlikely to be much earlier than 1100. These datings have been made by two extremely eminent Runologists, Eric Moltke and O. Rygh, each independently corrobating the other's finding. On stylistic grounds and on the circumstances of its burial, Jan Petersen dated the sword to c. 1050" Oakeshott (1991:76)
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inscription on one side of the blade has been found to coexist with a "high medieval" letter-group inscription on the other. Herrman, J. and Donat P. (eds.), Corpus archäologischer
Quellen zur Frühgeschichte auf dem Gebiet der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik (7.-12. Jahrhundert), Akademie-Verlag,
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The question of the date of these swords is of some importance for the absolute chronology of the development of sword morphology in medieval Europe. In 1964, Oakeshott stated that while both swords were "long believed" to date to the late 11th or early 12th century, suggested by the "Viking
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previously placed in the 13th century, this type of inscription is now widely recognized as popular throughout the 12th century, seamlessly connecting to the earlier
165:, as the inscriptions on the Cawood blade are very typical of the "garbled" letter-group inscriptions on high medieval blades (tentatively transcribed as ✠N
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A very similar sword, likely from the same workshop, was discovered in Norway in 1888 while railway work was being conducted on farmland at
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in
December 2007. Since 2017 it has featured as one of the key objects in the exhibition 'Medieval York: Capital of the North'.
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in the typology of
Oakeshott (1964). This type of pommel is an apparently specifically British derivation of the
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multi-lobed pommel. It is often found on tomb effigies of the mid 13th to mid 14th century in southern
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The sword is notable as the best-preserved specimen of a small group of medieval swords with a type M
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and has inscriptions on both sides. It most likely dates to the early 12th century.
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until the 1950s and then sold into private hands. It was again on display in
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inscriptions. In a single specimen, dated c. 1100, an "early medieval"
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362:"One thousand year old Viking sword comes home to Yorkshire"
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The Cawood Sword: The Finest Viking Sword Ever Found
360:Yorkshire Museum and Gardens (18 December 2007).
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109:in the late 19th century. The blade is of
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297:"MEDIEVAL YORK: CAPITAL OF THE NORTH"
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382:Spotlight: Oakeshott Type XII Swords
16:Medieval sword discovered in England
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402:Collection of the Yorkshire Museum
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189:The Cawood sword was kept at the
163:medieval sword blade inscriptions
321:The Sword in the Age of Chivalry
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328:Records of the Medieval Sword
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277:. BBC News. 19 December 2007
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417:History of North Yorkshire
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397:Medieval European swords
204:It was acquired by the
264:Berlin (1985), p. 376.
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185:Ownership and display
85:Closeup of the pommel
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228:Oakeshott (1964:97)
195:The Age of Chivalry
97:discovered in the
407:Individual weapons
299:. Yorkshire Museum
111:Oakeshott type XII
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71:Medieval Gallery,
326:Ewart Oakeshott,
181:N［RSRDIGATON［I).
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56:River Ouse, near
54:late 19th century
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364:. Archived from
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68:Present location
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330:(1991), 76–81.
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370:. Retrieved
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117:Significance
91:Cawood sword
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24:Cawood sword
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372:21 December
142:Korsoygaden
391:Categories
216:References
152:district.
127:Viking Age
99:River Ouse
51:Discovered
303:4 October
201:in 1987.
150:Hedmarken
281:11 April
261:Ulfberht
257:Ulfberht
131:Scotland
45:Medieval
351:project
345:at the
323:(1964).
135:England
422:Cawood
156:Dating
146:Stange
123:pommel
103:Cawood
75:, York
58:Cawood
101:near
93:is a
374:2007
305:2018
283:2016
210:York
169:RDIO
89:The
177:R✠
144:in
105:in
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319:,
208:,
60:,
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307:.
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179:⊕
175:n
173:N
171:n
167:n
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