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Censorship in North Korea

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1229: 1589: 1258: 1393: 1603: 37: 3483: 3493: 1347:. Internet access is permitted only for foreign travelers or the elite. By 2015, three million North Koreans had subscribed to Koryolink. Users of Koryolink must apply for permission to subscribe and are “subject to controls and surveillance by at least eight ministries and organizations between the party, state and army.” The network does not allow any access to international calls. Users sometimes will receive propaganda messages. 440: 1271:(KCNA) is the state news agency of North Korea. The KCNA was established on December 5, 1946. The agency publishes the views of the North Korean government for foreign news outlets to consume and cite. According to its website, the KCNA "speaks for the Workers' Party of Korea and the [North Korean] government". It is the primary method by which the North Korean government publishes its views outside of the country. 1130: 1378:, this independent resource provides communication between industry, universities, and government. It is used to spread information through chats and emails which are both monitored and filtered by the government, allowing only a select group of researchers, propagandists, and media workers to access state media and items which have been removed from the public's Internet. 344: 349: 1426:(WPK) and adjust their reportings to positively reflect Kim Jong Un's leadership. Foreign media are not welcomed and are often used as scapegoats by North Korean media. A US State Department report noted that failure to follow strict guidelines as set forth by the WPK can lead to imprisonment, forced labor, or death. 1201:. They include but are not limited to forced labor, rape and forced abortions. One official documented in the report is Ri Thae-chol, who is a first vice minister of the Ministry of People's Security. The MPS oversees and operates labor camps that are known for their abuse and torture of its citizens. 1274:
The KCNA is responsible for all news in North Korea and also distributes photos. Their content is available in Korean, English, Spanish, and Japanese. From January 1, 2011, the site also began offering video. The KCNA often broadcasts North Korean propaganda. It has also reported alleged achievements
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These phones could be vehicles for releasing detailed news of harsh ruling within the country which is prohibited. Beyond punishment for those using phones within the country, a danger exists for escapees spreading knowledge of the country's extreme laws. Text messages and cell phone photographs are
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was translated into English. In this book, Kim Jong Il guides journalists to take the best pictures of their leader, study their leader's works, and instill loyalty to their leader in others. Kim Jong Il includes stories of his remarkable feats in this book, detailing a time when he saved a reporter
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While this media censorship is harmful for many due to its harsh punishments for those who obtain unapproved content, it is most destructive to children. Since children are more impressionable, they are easier to manipulate, and North Korea takes advantage of this by pushing its own agenda. Kim Jong
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Censorship is a form of media monopoly, where the government oversees all media content in order to maintain obedience. North Korea utilizes a three-tiered approach to control its citizens at the ideological, physical, and institutional level. This applies not only to North Korean residents but also
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phone network. However, the IT industry has been growing and Internet access is starting to increase within North Korea. With few exceptions, Kwangmyong is completely separate from the global internet as a means for North Korea to use private state-controlled resources which is completely regulated
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reportedly handpicked Kim Il Sung, who was a fluent Russian speaker, to lead North Korea in 1948. Soviet influence in North Korea was endorsed under Kim Il Sung. The degree of censorship seen in North Korea today began with the nationalization of major industries, labor reforms, and the seizure of
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and conducted by InterMedia and released May 10, 2012, found that despite strict regulations, North Koreans, particularly the elites, have increased access to news and other media outside the state-controlled media authorized by the government. While access to the internet is controlled, radio and
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the Korean Central News Agency (KCNA) restricts and controls the production and distribution of information while also prohibiting independent journalism. Over the years journalists in North Korea have faced many safety hazards when working in the field. They have been arrested, deported, sent to
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The primary focus of the study was on the ability of North Koreans to access outside information from foreign sources through a variety of media, communication technologies, and personal sources. The relationship between information exposure on North Koreans' perceptions of the outside world and
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available since 2014, has a high level of inbuilt surveillance and controls. The tablet takes screenshots of apps opened by the user and saves browsing history. The tablet also only allows access to a limited number of approved applications, shares watermarking data to track the distribution of
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Radio or television sets that can be bought in North Korea are preset to receive only the government frequencies and sealed with a label to prevent tampering with the equipment. It is a serious criminal offence to manipulate the sets and receive radio or television broadcasts from outside North
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Human rights violations in North Korea raise global concern. Kim Jong Un's regime is notorious for torture, mysterious disappearances, and sexual violence. Each layer of the government is structured to expel potential political threats and disseminate the ideology of Kim Jong Un, and those who
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to govern North Korea. Kim Jong Il upheld his father's authoritarian regime and strict censorship. He was known for using military propaganda to distract North Korean citizens from their lack of freedoms and access to outside information. Despite only giving citizens access to hyper-militarized
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Kim Il Sung was born an ordinary man named Kim Sung-ju on April 15, 1912, at the peak of European and Japanese imperialism. Kim Il Sung's tenure was marked by human rights abuses, such as prison camps and harsh censorship. Kim Il Sung's policies are still in effect as of July 2023. According to
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maintains a group of readers who try to interpret the significance of the news agency's output. Some themes the KCNA consistently covers include denouncing the actions of the United States and Japan as well as promoting the celebrity and personality of Kim Jong Un and Kim Jong-Il. Their 2,000
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High-ranking officials have access to cellphones and the internet while others are limited to the programed government stations that broadcast propaganda. Every television is monitored and inspected throughout each year to ensure there are no outside stations being transmitted illegally.
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Internet access is not generally available in North Korea. Only some high-level officials and foreigners are allowed to access the global internet. In most universities, a small number of strictly monitored computers are provided. Other citizens may get access only to the country's
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The North Korean government has implemented policies to prevent outside sources of information from reaching the people of North Korea. Starting in the 1990s when famine overtook the country, traders used cell phones as a means to illegally bring food and goods across the border.
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sent to external journalists and activists in South Korea to spread knowledge of the conditions. Some North Koreans act as journalists and sources by sending information and sharing stories. Prominent news accounts surrounding Kim Jong Un's ankle surgery and his wife,
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As social media and news applications via smartphones become the common thread of news outlets, North Korea pushes further curtailment. A tightly controlled cyberspace exists within the country where a small number of upper-class citizens have access to an
1191: 364: 1454:, it is possible to broadcast news for North Korea through short-wave radio. Possessing a short-wave radio is against the law in North Korea, but the radios are allegedly confiscated and resold by corrupted agents of the secret police. 2474: 1116:). The government of Kim Jong Un still has absolute authority over and control of the press and information and has been repeatedly ranked one of the top 5 countries in the world with the least amount of media freedom. 3448: 1577:, that is operated by the country. In terms of global internet access, this privilege is only granted to a small number of North Korean elites. Internet access is restricted to military and government business. 1305:
was made commander-in-chief and head of the military affairs commission by his father Kim Il Sung in the spring of 1994. Later that year in July, Kim Il Sung died. Kim Jong Il became the next member of the
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Additionally, songs heard on both televisions and radios are supervised to be based on praising communism and the party leaders, with the superstition that members of the Kim family are writing them.
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acknowledges multiple violations of human rights in North Korea that are connected to censorship and governmental control, specifically violations of freedom of thought and expression.
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content between people and only allows users to access content created on the tablet or from the tablet. Content sent from other users or third party platforms cannot be accessed.
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ranks among some of the most extreme censorship in the world, with the government able to take strict control over communications. North Korea sits at one of the lowest places of
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continues his predecessors' rule and worked to consolidate power since becoming the supreme leader of North Korea on December 28, 2011. He ordered the execution of his uncle,
3422: 700: 1283:" from the United States and South Korea. The KCNA acts as the nation's public relations and multimedia firm, with news that is not dissimilar to propaganda. South Korea's 2550: 1470:(also called Notetel), a portable media player made in China which has been popular in North Korea since about 2005 and was legalized in 2014 and has been credited with 374: 3352: 2370: 2954: 3407: 1140: 3177: 1750: 3468: 402: 3272: 1445:
Korea. In a party campaign in 2003, the head of each party cell in neighborhoods and villages received instructions to verify the seals on all radio sets.
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by the regime. This intranet is difficult for foreign adversaries to access, and therefore allows the country to maintain its own private internet.
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Un only prioritizes what he deems to be pertinent information, forcing adolescents to think the same as their leader, without any hope for change.
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Kim Jong Un keeps North Korea under his surveillance through extreme censorship. As of April 2020, the regime has a press freedom score from the
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As of 2022, ordinary citizens with mobile devices do not have access to the global internet. Instead, these individuals are only able to access
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In 2013, foreigners were granted 3G mobile phone Internet access by monthly data plan; the service could be implemented via USB modem or
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were selling well in North Korea, primarily used for watching South Korean dramas and films on personal computers.
1097: 978: 849: 564: 128: 3207: 1999: 1228: 983: 968: 836: 3004: 1039: 853: 813: 752: 2616: 1533:, described North Korea as the world's worst Internet black hole, in its list of the top 13 Internet enemies. 3317: 2732: 2702: 921: 802: 732: 2420: 1646: 1022: 938: 579: 1916: 3087: 1641: 1626: 1466:
DVDs are common media accessed, and in border areas, television. Up to one in two urban households own a
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North Korea's biggest economic, political, and military aid under Kim Il Sung was the Soviet Union.
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that states a Knowledge editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic.
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privately owned land. North Korea maintains a cult of personality around Kim Il Sung as of 2017.
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of North Korea, such as its alleged space program and its standard of living as compared to the
3357: 3312: 3292: 3282: 3182: 1818:"North Korean Censorship of Literature and How it Affects Children | YA Literary Globetrotters" 1439: 1003: 948: 820: 792: 787: 737: 643: 522: 278: 219: 90: 1484:, the increase of the popularity of South Korean pop culture internationally) into North Korea 1461:"A Quiet Opening: North Koreans in a Changing Media Environment," a study commissioned by the 3382: 3297: 3277: 3162: 3152: 1546: 1462: 998: 993: 953: 885: 830: 777: 757: 707: 612: 594: 589: 574: 569: 512: 502: 492: 482: 472: 467: 462: 429: 139: 2801: 1311:
government propaganda, many cell phones and DVDs were obtained illegally under Kim Jong Il.
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employees are under strict control to make sure they report in favor of their country.
797: 679: 666: 559: 532: 3492: 1797: 1751:"Censorship: Background and Ideology — Censorship and Government Regulation of Music" 1538: 1700: 2829: 2402: 2086: 1392: 124: 2475:"Illicit access to foreign media is changing North Koreans' worldview, study says" 2333:"DNA Confirms Assassination Victim Was Half Brother of Kim Jong-un, Malaysia Says" 2230:"North Korea Encouraging Internet, Cellphone Use so it can Better Spy on Citizens" 2927: 1566: 1492: 1404: 1332: 1843:"North Koreans Want External Information, But Kim Jong-Un Seeks to Limit Access" 1375: 3032: 2264: 2090: 3511: 3486: 1245: 1238: 3033:"All That Glitters Is Not Gold: A Closer Look at North Korea's Ullim Tablet" 1197:
Some of the human rights violations have been documented in a report by the
2173:"North Koreans Rely on Smuggled Cellphones to Connect to the Outside World" 1408: 3496: 1890: 1474: 1400: 1302: 1280: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1092:. The media dedicate a large portion of their resources toward political 1066: 2409:. U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor. 1319:
from death and when he edited a writer's political essay to perfection.
1407:, and allegedly commanded the assassination of his older half-brother, 1344: 36: 3102: 2955:"Instagrams from within North Korea lift the veil, but only slightly" 2910:"North Korea exposed: Censorship in the world's most secretive state" 2371:"NORTH KOREA EXPOSED: CENSORSHIP IN THE WORLD'S MOST SECRETIVE STATE" 1359: 1340: 1867:"Report on Serious Human Rights Abuses or Censorship in North Korea" 3037: 2452: 2026:"In North Korea, the State-Run News Agency Is the Weapon of Choice" 1450: 1367: 1351: 162: 111: 95: 2783: 2740: 2710: 2355: 2762: 2597:"Diffusion de la vague coréenne "hallyu" au Nord par TV portable" 1695: 1512: 1204:
Journalists' safety is also impacted by censorship. According to
119: 2573:"Cheap Chinese EVD player spreads S. Korean culture in N. Korea" 2506:"A Quiet Opening: North Koreans in a Changing Media Environment" 2288:"Here's What Making Cell Phone Calls in North Korea Sounds Like" 2814: 2577: 1252: 2448:"Private Citizens Liberating North Korea with Shortwave Radio" 1558: 1467: 1336: 2403:"Report on Human Rights Abuses or Censorship in North Korea" 1088:. As such, all media in North Korea get their news from the 1666: 1141:
personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay
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attempt to circumvent censorship face steep consequences.
1381: 2543:"The $ 50 device that symbolizes a shift in North Korea" 1723:"North Korea ranked the world worst in Freedom of Press" 3061:"North Korea: Freedom in the World 2022 Country Report" 1550: 2883:"North Korea: Where the Internet has just 5,500 sites" 1745: 1743: 1291: 1217: 2609: 2285: 2077:
Linton, Stephen (1996). "North Korea under the Son".
2052:"On Reading North Korean Media: The Curse of the Web" 1362:'s 2012 pregnancy were released from these insiders. 1077:, ranking 177 out of the 180 countries investigated. 2503: 1584: 1232:
Mural of Kim Il-sung outside Songdowon Hotel, Wonsan
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their own country was also analyzed (11 years ago).
2286:Franceschi-Bicchierai, Lorenzo (16 February 2017). 1740: 1529:In 2006, Julien Pain, head of the Internet Desk at 1503:North Korea is ranked second to the bottom of the 1433: 2739:. Reporters Without Borders. 2016. Archived from 2709:. Reporters Without Borders. 2014. Archived from 2204:"Look At How Bizarre North Korea's 'Internet' Is" 3509: 2481:. Associated Press. May 10, 2012. Archived from 2999: 2997: 1549:. 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Content on Kwangmyong is curated by 1382:Kim Jong Un (Leader from 2011–present) 1374:. In contrast to the otherwise global 3106: 2397: 2395: 2197: 2195: 2166: 2164: 2162: 2907: 2368: 2254: 1840: 1780:"Internet Censorship in North Korea" 1773: 1518: 1123: 2978: 2852:"Freedom of the Press: North Korea" 2617:"North Korea's Nascent Consumerism" 2553:from the original on March 27, 2015 2103: 1917:"The Secret History of Kim Jong-il" 1472:facilitating the extension of the " 1388:Cult of personality for Kim Jong Un 1298:Cult of personality for Kim Jong Il 1292:Kim Jong Il (Leader from 1994–2011) 1224:Cult of personality for Kim Il Sung 1218:Kim Il Sung (Leader from 1948–1994) 317:Abductions of South Korean citizens 13: 2953:Caitlin Dewey (26 February 2013). 2881:Eric Talmadge (23 February 2014). 2589: 2581:. October 22, 2013. Archived from 2565: 2534: 2497: 2392: 2331:Goldman, Russell (15 March 2017). 2192: 2159: 2050:Weiser, Martin (31 October 2016). 2023: 1339:company introduced North Korea to 14: 3544: 3081: 3031:Williams, Martyn (3 March 2017). 2822:"List of the 13 Internet enemies" 2765:. 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(15 May 2019). 1507:rankings published annually by 1434:Radio and television censorship 312:Abductions of Japanese citizens 3449:British Indian Ocean Territory 2737:2016 World Press Freedom Index 2707:2014 World Press Freedom Index 2605:(in French). October 22, 2013. 1883: 1859: 1834: 1810: 1767: 1715: 1683: 1659: 1192:UN Commission of Inquiry (COI) 96:Kwanliso (concentration camps) 1: 3528:Communications in North Korea 2314:"North Korea Profile-Leaders" 1652: 1498: 221:Re-education camps (Kyohwaso) 2511:. InterMedia. Archived from 2358:. Reporters Without Borders. 2110:Harvard International Review 1647:Cyberactivism in North Korea 1314:In 1983, Kim Jong Il's book 1023:Freedom of speech by country 375:List of human rights reports 370:Balloon propaganda campaigns 164:Political prisons (Kwanliso) 7: 2979:Lee, Jean H. (2011-07-25). 2673:"World Press Freedom Index" 2446:Kevin Kane (5 March 2007). 2263:. New Focus. Archived from 2137:"Elements of Gangnam style" 2000:"North Korea's Kim Dynasty" 1642:Human rights in North Korea 1627:North Korean postal service 1580: 52:Human rights in North Korea 28:Human rights in North Korea 10: 3549: 2141:Columbia Journalism Review 1522: 1437: 1385: 1295: 1269:Korean Central News Agency 1221: 1212: 1090:Korean Central News Agency 202:Sunghori (No. 26 - closed) 192:Hoeryong (No. 22 - closed) 3533:Mass media in North Korea 3518:Censorship in North Korea 3477: 3436: 3396: 3138: 2826:Reporters Without Borders 2788:Reporters Without Borders 2647:Reporters Without Borders 2135:Barrett, Liz Cox (2013). 2091:10.1080/01636609609550194 1632:Propaganda in North Korea 1531:Reporters Without Borders 1509:Reporters Without Borders 1420:Reporters Without Borders 1396:Kim Jong-un in April 2019 1323:2004–2008: Cell phone ban 1262:Propaganda in North Korea 1206:Reporters Without Borders 1071:Reporters Without Borders 365:United Nations COI Report 284:Tanchon (No. 77 - closed) 150:Persecution of Christians 112:Kippumjo (Pleasure Squad) 3198:East Timor (Timor-Leste) 3098:North Korea Reform Radio 2407:U.S. Department of State 2079:The Washington Quarterly 1595:Freedom of speech portal 1199:U.S. Department of State 207:Onsong (No. 12 - closed) 3523:Politics of North Korea 3459:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 1923:. www.foreignpolicy.com 1525:Internet in North Korea 1424:Workers' Party of Korea 1086:North Korean government 357:South Korea Law of 2016 334:International reactions 177:Yodok (No. 15 - closed) 3093:Free North Korea Radio 2104:Lee, Kristine (2011). 1997: 1971: 1941: 1914: 1440:Radio jamming in Korea 1397: 1264: 1233: 1150:by rewriting it in an 362:UNGA Resolution 62/167 1703:on September 30, 2007 1547:Korea Computer Center 1523:Further information: 1463:U.S. State Department 1438:Further information: 1395: 1260: 1231: 431:Censorship by country 279:Oro (No. 22 - closed) 145:Human experimentation 3373:United Arab Emirates 2485:on December 25, 2018 2106:"No Revolution Here" 1953:on 10 September 2015 1755:wordpress.clarku.edu 1617:Media of North Korea 1120:Impact of censorship 974:United Arab Emirates 345:Japanese Law of 2006 3400:limited recognition 2810:. October 23, 2006. 2653:on January 28, 2012 2479:The Washington Post 2427:. February 27, 2008 2267:on 17 February 2019 2208:BusinessInsider.com 1891:"North Korea | RSF" 1505:Press Freedom Index 1416:Press Freedom Index 1285:Ministry of Defence 1190:As for adults, the 1075:Press Freedom Index 623:Democratic Republic 306:Abductions and POWs 78:Freedom of religion 46:Human rights abuses 21:Part of a series on 3133:Censorship in Asia 2983:. Associated Press 2934:. 22 February 2013 2908:Sedaghat, Nouran. 2889:. Associated Press 2832:on January 2, 2008 2807:The New York Times 2602:Yonhap News Agency 2369:Sedaghat, Nouran. 2338:The New York Times 2210:. Business Insider 2178:The New York Times 1609:North Korea portal 1418:rankings (made by 1398: 1265: 1234: 1152:encyclopedic style 1139:is written like a 1096:and promoting the 3505: 3504: 3442:other territories 2713:on 9 October 2017 2585:on April 2, 2015. 1972:Robertson, Phil. 1557:The North Korean 1539:national intranet 1519:Internet policies 1448:According to the 1331:In December 2008 1180: 1179: 1172: 1064: 1063: 660:Dutch East Indies 413: 412: 274:Chongori (No. 12) 269:Chungsan (No. 11) 197:Chongjin (No. 25) 187:Pukchang (No. 18) 129:Human trafficking 3540: 3495: 3485: 3484: 3454:Christmas Island 3140:Sovereign states 3127: 3120: 3113: 3104: 3103: 3075: 3074: 3072: 3071: 3057: 3051: 3050: 3048: 3046: 3028: 3019: 3018: 3016: 3015: 3001: 2992: 2991: 2989: 2988: 2976: 2970: 2969: 2967: 2965: 2950: 2944: 2943: 2941: 2939: 2924: 2918: 2917: 2912:. Archived from 2905: 2899: 2898: 2896: 2894: 2878: 2872: 2871: 2869: 2867: 2858:. Archived from 2848: 2842: 2841: 2839: 2837: 2828:. 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Index

Human rights in North Korea

Human rights in North Korea
Censorship
Media
Corruption
Freedom of religion
Disability
Prisons
Kwanliso (concentration camps)
Prostitution
Kippumjo (Pleasure Squad)
Songbun (ascribed social status)
Slavery
Human trafficking
Executions
Racism
Human experimentation
Persecution of Christians
Political prisons (Kwanliso)
Kaechon (No. 14)
Yodok (No. 15 - closed)
Hwasong (No. 16)
Pukchang (No. 18)
Hoeryong (No. 22 - closed)
Chongjin (No. 25)
Sunghori (No. 26 - closed)
Onsong (No. 12 - closed)
Re-education camps (Kyohwaso)
Kaechon (No. 1)

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