190:, a comparison on various anomalies between normal brains (those without the condition of cerebral softening) and brains with cerebral softening were looked at to observe trends in the differences of the anatomical structure of the circle of Willis. Statistically significant results were found in the percentage of normal brains that had a normal circle of Willis and those that had cerebral softening and had a normal circle of Willis. The results yielded 52% of normal brains having a normal circle of Willis, while only 33% of brains with cerebral softening had a normal circle of Willis. There were also a higher number of string-like vessels in brains with cerebral softening (42%), than there were in normal brains (27%). These results point to an assumption of a higher incidence rate of anomalies in brains with cerebral softening versus those that do not have cerebral softening.
48:
300:
In this late 19th-century case study, a 10-year-old boy was found to have cerebral softening in specific parts of the brain, limiting specific sensory function. The identifiable softening enabled researchers to detect and partition cerebral areas related to different sensory perceptions.
203:
Red softening is one of the three types of cerebral softening. As its name suggests, certain regions of cerebral softening result in a red color. This is due to a hemorrhagic infarct, in which blood flow is restored to an area of the brain that was previously restricted by an
274:
and/or later infection. There is no causal evidence to support the hypothesis that problems in labor contribute to the development of softening in infant white matter. Also, further evidence shows a possible connection between low sugar and high protein levels in
658:
Finger, Stanley, Randy L. Buckner, and Hugh
Buckingham. "Does The Right Hemisphere Take Over After Damage To Broca’S Area? The Barlow Case Of 1877 And Its History." Brain & Language 85.3 (2003): 385. Academic Search Complete. Web. 13 Feb.
231:
White softening is another form of cerebral softening. This type of softening occurs in areas that continue to be poorly perfused, with little to no blood flow. These are known as "pale" or "anemic infarcts" and are areas that contain dead
265:
Newborn cerebral softening has traditionally been attributed to trauma at birth and its effect on brain tissue into adulthood. However, more recent research shows that cerebral softening in newborns and the degeneration of
291:
the loss with other parts of the brain. Adults can more easily compensate and correct for the loss of tissue use and therefore the mortality likelihood in an adult with cerebral softening is less than in an infant.
648:
OrejĂłn de Luna G, Mateos Beato F, SimĂłn de las Heras R, Miralles Molina M. Unidad de
NeurologĂa Pediátrica, Hospital Doce de Octubre, Madrid. Anales Espanoles de Pediatria . Journal Article, English Abstract (lang:
800:
223:
or the superior or deep branches to it. The subjects' softened area was not always near the arteries but where the capillaries perfused the brain tissue. The symptoms were similar to that of a stroke.
319:
A third case in 1898 followed the ten-day decline of a 66-year-old woman with cerebral softening. She had yellow softening which led to symptoms that started slowly with transient
544:
Fazio, Cornelio."Red
Softening of the Brain1".Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology:January 1949 - Volume 8 - Issue 1 - ppg 43-60.Genoa, Italy. Web. 13 Feb. 2014.
244:
Yellow softening is the third type of cerebral softening. As its name implies, the affected softened areas of the brain have a yellow appearance. This yellow appearance is due to
96:. Three varieties, distinguished by their color and representing different stages of the disease progress, are known respectively as red, yellow, and white softening.
162:
occurs in deep penetrating vessels and disrupts the connecting pathways, causing a localized pressure injury and in turn injury to brain tissue in the affected area.
362:
In 1858 doctor Thomas Inman described four of thirty discovered cases with cerebral softening. Each case was similar to the previous article. There was some
359:
were softened to the point of unrecognition. These physical abnormalities match the symptoms mentioned and are a prime example of yellow cerebral softening.
287:
Cases of cerebral softening in infancy versus in adulthood are much more severe due to an infant's inability to sufficiently recover brain tissue loss or
378:. There were similar right sided numbness in some patients, coldness of the extremities, and impairments in vision. In some cases, the lungs and the
304:
Another case in the late 19th century showed that cerebral softening, when caused by hemorrhaging, can affect various neural pathways leading to
128:: A decrease or restriction of circulating blood flow to a region of the brain which deprives neurons of the necessary substrates (primarily
323:
on the right side of the face. The limbs later became cold and the right side of the body transiently progressed between semi-paralysis and
166:
can occur in instances of embolic ischemia, in which the previously obstructed region spontaneously restores blood flow. This is known as a
327:. Her heart rate and respiration rate became slow by days three and four. Later she developed a yellow jaundiced appearance in the
215:
of several subjects, Dr. Cornelio Fazio found that the most common areas of this type of softening occurred where there was a
332:
17:
366:
in the internal brain arteries that led to the cerebral softening of the left side of the brain around the left
409:
Shah, Sid. "Stroke
Pathophysiology." Foundation for Education and Research in Neurological Emergencies. 1-7.
351:
was also matted and surrounded by vessels filled with yellow lymph. The floor of the left lateral ventricle,
502:
Alpers, BJ; Berry, RG (1963). "Circle of Willis in cerebral vascular disorders: the anatomical structure".
581:
Young Ethel F., Courvile Cyril B. (1962). "Central
Softening Of The Cerebral Hemispheres In The Newborn".
339:. She died on the evening of the tenth day. The autopsy revealed that the top of the brain down to the
335:
upon autopsy. On the last days, the paralysis became more frequent, respiration rose and she developed
171:
187:
842:
815:
159:
120:
320:
245:
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276:
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and a resulting red infarct occurs, which points to a type of cerebral softening known as
8:
804:
515:
167:
163:
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that can contribute to disease or virus susceptibility leading to cerebral softening.
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631:
527:
519:
484:
367:
141:
60:
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717:
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602:"Neonatal polycystic encephalomalacia: four new cases and review of the literature"
563:
511:
474:
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435:
183:
820:
375:
356:
220:
453:
MartĂn A, MacĂ© E, Boisgard R, Montaldo G, ThĂ©zĂ© B, Tanter M, Tavitian B (2012).
348:
249:
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inch area on the left side of the brain that was softened and yellow. The
635:
336:
305:
248:
build-up in interior brain arteries coupled with yellow lymph around the
140:
plugs an artery so there is a reduction or cessation of blood flow. This
772:
682:
455:"Imaging of perfusion, angiogenesis, and tissue elasticity after stroke"
383:
216:
81:
792:
65:
600:
Chutorian AM, Michener RC, Defendini R, Hilal SK, Gamboa ET (1979).
371:
363:
352:
271:
205:
149:
133:
89:
580:
324:
212:
208:. This is termed a "red infarct" or also known as red softening.
137:
129:
599:
379:
328:
145:
110:
669:
Parsons John H (1891). "Note On aCase Of
Cerebral Softening".
698:"Transient And Recurring Paresis in Acute Cerebral Softening"
309:
148:. The death of neurons leads to a so-called softening of the
85:
436:"Vertebrobasilar circulatory disorders: Symptoms and causes"
47:
313:
452:
405:
403:
401:
399:
144:
or anoxia leads to neuronal injury, which is known as a
396:
252:, which occurs in specific instances of brain trauma.
382:
were stuck together as well as the intestines to the
782:
695:
554:Diamond IB (1934). "Encephalomalacia in Infants".
421:
419:
747:"Cases Of Cerebral Softening, Etc.: With Remarks"
410:
834:
386:. This again matches yellow cerebral softening.
416:
236:, which result in a softening of the cerebrum.
668:
459:Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism
744:
55:Stroke brain (similar to cerebral softening)
501:
553:
46:
762:
721:
625:
478:
343:were healthy, but below that there was a
568:10.1001/archneurpsyc.1934.02250060039003
14:
835:
556:Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry
413:. edu/com/ferne/pdf/pathophys0501.pdf.
331:and skin that the doctor proposed as
193:
516:10.1001/archneur.1963.00460040068006
132:); represents 80% of all strokes. A
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239:
177:
24:
226:
80:, is a localized softening of the
25:
854:
198:
738:
689:
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428:
13:
1:
606:J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry
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696:Ord-Mackenzie S. A. (1993).
7:
751:The British Medical Journal
671:The British Medical Journal
188:cerebral vascular disorders
10:
859:
114:
108:
786:
764:10.1136/bmj.s4-1.67.289-a
333:paroxysmal hemoglobinuria
255:
104:
99:
59:
54:
45:
37:
32:
440:www.medicalnewstoday.com
160:Intracerebral hemorrhage
121:Intracerebral hemorrhage
714:10.1136/bmj.1.1933.140
246:atherosclerotic plaque
168:hemorrhagic infarction
152:in the affected area.
745:Inman Thomas (1858).
618:10.1136/jnnp.42.2.154
504:Archives of Neurology
471:10.1038/jcbfm.2012.49
277:cerebral spinal fluid
115:Further information:
186:and its relation to
677:(1617): 1352–1353.
583:Clinical Pediatrics
425:Br Med J 1898;1:140
194:Types of softening
182:In a study on the
74:Cerebral softening
33:Cerebral softening
18:Cerebral softening
830:
829:
708:(1933): 140–141.
368:lateral ventricle
341:lateral ventricle
71:
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27:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
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562:(6): 1153–1164.
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321:facial paralysis
296:Documented cases
240:Yellow softening
184:circle of Willis
178:Circle of Willis
78:encephalomalacia
76:, also known as
50:
41:Encephalomalacia
30:
29:
21:
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843:Brain disorders
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757:(67): 289–290.
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465:(8): 1496–507.
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442:. 27 June 2018.
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384:peritoneal wall
376:corpus striatum
357:corpus striatum
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234:neuronal tissue
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227:White softening
221:cerebral artery
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787:Classification
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612:(2): 154–160.
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411:http://www.uic
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349:choroid plexus
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250:choroid plexus
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219:of the middle
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117:Brain ischemia
109:Main article:
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199:Red softening
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172:red softening
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691:
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664:
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609:
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589:(2): 95–102.
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582:
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555:
549:
540:
507:
503:
497:
462:
458:
448:
439:
430:
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318:
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268:white matter
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243:
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181:
164:Hemorrhaging
155:
154:
125:
124:
94:inflammation
77:
73:
72:
510:: 398–402.
345:2.5 Ă— 2 Ă— 1
337:tachycardia
316:and death.
306:convulsions
38:Other names
390:References
289:compensate
283:Later life
261:Early life
217:hemorrhage
156:Hemorrhage
524:0003-9942
88:, due to
82:substance
66:Neurology
61:Specialty
837:Category
773:25192210
732:20757554
702:Br Med J
683:20244675
532:14012272
489:22491156
372:thalamus
364:atheroma
353:thalamus
272:asphyxia
206:embolism
150:cerebrum
134:thrombus
126:Ischemia
90:bleeding
821:D004678
723:2410420
480:3421095
325:tetanus
213:autopsy
142:hypoxia
138:embolus
130:glucose
84:of the
810:348.89
771:
730:
720:
681:
636:422963
634:
627:490181
624:
530:
522:
487:
477:
380:pleura
355:, and
329:sclera
310:spasms
256:Stages
146:stroke
111:Stroke
105:Stroke
100:Causes
769:JSTOR
679:JSTOR
659:2014.
211:Upon
86:brain
816:MeSH
805:9-CM
728:PMID
649:spa)
632:PMID
528:PMID
520:ISSN
485:PMID
374:and
314:coma
119:and
801:ICD
759:doi
718:PMC
710:doi
622:PMC
614:doi
564:doi
512:doi
475:PMC
467:doi
136:or
92:or
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560:31
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675:2
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