675:
British
Columbia and Saskatchewan objected on the grounds that the Ontario regime causes injury to CGAs and impairs internal trade. A Panel convened under the Agreement on Internal Trade reviewed submissions and held a public hearing in Toronto on November 29, 2011. The Panel found that Ontario's notice of measure has impaired or would impair internal trade and has caused or would cause injury. The Panel recommended that Ontario comply with its AIT obligations by April 15, 2012. The outcome is important for CGAs because it removes the last barrier to mobility allowing CGAs to practice public accounting anywhere in Canada.
37:
671:
Quebec government committed to address the problem. By
November 2009, the 'Regulation respecting the public accountancy permit of the Ordre des comptables généraux accrédités du Québec' enabled qualified CGAs to offer the full range of public accounting services to for-profit and publicly listed companies.
690:
The knowledge, skills and professional values required of a CGA are reflected in a list of competencies. These competencies extend over three areas: professionalism, leadership and professional knowledge. They are validated periodically through extensive survey analysis. The CGA Competency
Framework
678:
In
October 2013, a Special General Meeting of members was held to ratify an Integration Agreement between CGA-Canada and CPA Canada, which was previously approved by the CGA-Canada Board of Directors. The Integration Agreement has now been approved for adoption, it is now CGA-Canada's intent to sign
647:
The national association, first known as the
Canadian Accountants' Association, was founded in 1908 by a trio of Canadian Pacific Railway accountants in Montreal, Quebec. Five years later, in 1913, the General Accountants' Association, as it was then known, was granted a charter from the government
655:, only qualified CAs and CGAs can perform public accounting and auditing in accordance with the Public Accounting and Auditing Act. In all other provinces, except Quebec and Ontario (detailed below), only qualified CAs, CGAs, and CMAs (Certified Management Accountants) may audit public companies.
670:
In August 2005, a panel was constituted under the
Agreement on Internal Trade (AIT) to rule on a challenge filed by CGA New Brunswick and CGA-Canada. It found Quebec's measures denying CGAs the right to practice public accounting in Quebec to impair trade and recommended legislative changes. The
674:
On
November 6, 2009, Ontario issued a Notice of Measure claiming that material differences exist in respect of the practice of public accounting in Canada and to protect consumers out of province public accountants would be assessed against Ontario's requirements. Manitoba supported by Alberta,
666:
only allowed CAs to audit public companies. In 2004, the
Ontario government passed legislation that would enable CAs, CGAs and CMAs to practice public accounting under a reconstituted Public Accountants Council, and as of June 2010 Ontario CGAs were allowed to issue audit opinions.
694:
The complete academic program consists of 19 courses, two business cases, and professional qualification exams, spread over several levels: Levels 1 to 3 (Foundation
Studies), Level 4 (Advanced Studies), and final level, the PACE qualification or certification level.
698:
A CGA must have an undergraduate degree. Students normally require 36 months of supervised work experience, but in all cases, they require a minimum of 24 months. They may meet the experience requirements in any business sector and in a variety of fields.
628:(CGA-Canada) is entitled to use the professional designation and add the letters "CGA" to their title. A CGA is jointly a member of CGA-Canada and a provincial or territorial CGA association, or a CGA association overseas.
648:
of Canada. By the mid-1940s, association chapters were established from coast-to-coast. Provincial, territorial and regional (offshore) chapters were later established under their own charters.
687:
CGA-Canada's professional education program is competency-based. Competency-based education requires candidates to perform tasks and roles to standards expected in the workplace.
702:
Before issuing audit opinions a CGA must first be licensed as a public accountant. The requirements for licensing include at least 500 public accounting hours per year.
711:
631:
CGAs work throughout the world in industry, commerce, finance, government, public practice and the not-for-profit sector. CGA-Canada is working with the
639:(CPA) designation and are required to use both concurrently until 2024, (noted as CPA, CGA) and then adjust to the CPA designation alone just for it.
729:
301:
861:
286:
625:
291:
600:
451:
155:
52:
829:
306:
296:
62:
866:
358:
636:
635:
to integrate operations under the CPA banner in 2014. Those with a CGA designation will be automatically granted the
486:
363:
744:
311:
254:
395:
774:
348:
724:
789:
679:
the
Agreement with CPA Canada and continue to work towards unification of the entire profession in Canada.
759:
784:
804:
809:
779:
769:
749:
593:
400:
36:
234:
110:
526:
461:
185:
511:
249:
115:
57:
754:
652:
561:
100:
8:
586:
551:
546:
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385:
343:
325:
278:
259:
190:
95:
20:
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225:
180:
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http://www.cga.org//en-ca/Programs/Overview/Competency/Pages/_ca_edu_competencies.aspx
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145:
120:
624:. A person who meets the education, experience and examination requirements of the
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239:
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405:
195:
175:
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105:
90:
47:
446:
414:
125:
855:
556:
419:
338:
333:
170:
491:
230:
377:
632:
621:
481:
165:
28:
799:
663:
264:
244:
150:
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details the 130 competencies required of a newly certified CGA.
659:
410:
85:
433:
215:
80:
841:
794:
739:
651:
Auditing rights are regulated by provincial governments. In
220:
633:
Chartered Professional Accountants of Canada (CPA Canada)
764:
734:
620:) is a professional designation granted to Canadian
712:
Certified General Accountants Association of Canada
853:
594:
717:
302:International Financial Reporting Standards
601:
587:
626:Certified General Accountants of Canada
854:
292:Generally-accepted auditing standards
307:International Standards on Auditing
13:
14:
878:
637:Chartered Professional Accountant
364:Notes to the financial statements
862:Canadian accounting associations
312:Management Accounting Principles
35:
770:CGA Newfoundland & Labrador
834:
823:
1:
816:
287:Generally-accepted principles
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614:Certified General Accountant
7:
705:
10:
883:
642:
867:Accounting qualifications
156:Constant purchasing power
53:Constant purchasing power
718:CGA association websites
487:Accounting organizations
475:People and organizations
235:Amortization (business)
359:Management discussion
735:CGA British Columbia
653:Prince Edward Island
326:Financial statements
279:Accounting standards
552:Earnings management
522:Positive accounting
396:Double-entry system
386:Bank reconciliation
191:Revenue recognition
527:Sarbanes–Oxley Act
462:Sarbanes–Oxley Act
391:Debits and credits
226:Cost of goods sold
181:Matching principle
765:CGA New Brunswick
611:
610:
572:Two sets of books
567:Off-balance-sheet
209:Selected accounts
146:Accounting period
874:
846:
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838:
832:
827:
800:CGA Saskatchewan
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16:
15:
882:
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871:
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780:CGA Nova Scotia
775:CGA NWT/Nunavut
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196:Unit of account
176:Historical cost
161:Economic entity
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75:
67:
48:Historical cost
12:
11:
5:
880:
870:
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658:Historically,
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415:General ledger
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55:
50:
44:
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40:
32:
31:
25:
24:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
879:
868:
865:
863:
860:
859:
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843:
837:
831:
826:
822:
811:
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788:
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755:CGA-Hong Kong
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745:CGA Caribbean
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557:Error account
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420:Trial balance
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401:FIFO and LIFO
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339:Balance sheet
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334:Annual report
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171:Going concern
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34:
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27:
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22:
18:
17:
842:"CPA Canada"
836:
825:
760:CGA Manitoba
701:
697:
693:
689:
686:
677:
673:
669:
657:
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617:
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612:
492:Luca Pacioli
413: /
233: /
231:Depreciation
139:Key concepts
111:Governmental
785:CGA Ontario
730:CGA-Bermuda
725:CGA Alberta
622:accountants
505:Development
482:Accountants
378:Bookkeeping
297:Convergence
255:Liabilities
186:Materiality
74:Major types
856:Categories
817:References
810:CGA Canada
805:CGA Online
795:CGA Quebec
740:CGA-Canada
540:Misconduct
166:Fair value
116:Management
58:Management
29:Accounting
750:CGA-China
683:Education
562:Hollywood
442:Financial
344:Cash-flow
101:Financial
706:See also
547:Creative
517:Research
447:Internal
434:Auditing
250:Goodwill
245:Expenses
96:Forensic
21:a series
19:Part of
790:CGA-PEI
664:Ontario
643:History
512:History
406:Journal
265:Revenue
151:Accrual
660:Quebec
457:Report
411:Ledger
354:Income
349:Equity
260:Profit
240:Equity
216:Assets
121:Social
86:Budget
452:Firms
81:Audit
662:and
221:Cash
106:Fund
91:Cost
618:CGA
126:Tax
63:Tax
858::
23:on
844:.
616:(
602:e
595:t
588:v
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