703:, and an annuity to award teachers working on research projects. At periodic intervals, the school system needs to generate a report to the state about the special education program, a report to a federal agency about the school lunch program, and a report to another authority about the research program. Each of these programs has its own unique reporting requirements, so the school system needs a method to separately identify the related revenues and expenditures. This is done by establishing separate funds, each with its own
20:
48:
1937:. City government agencies are not allowed to spend the unexpended balance, even if their expenditures during the now-ended fiscal period were less than their share of the expired appropriation. A new appropriation is necessary to authorize spending in the next fiscal period. (Liabilities incurred at the end of the fiscal period for goods and services ordered, but not yet received, are usually considered
2429:
1141:. These assets and liabilities belong to the government entity as a whole, rather than any specific fund. Although general fixed assets would be part of government-wide financial statements (reporting the entity as a whole), they are not reported in governmental fund statements. Fixed assets and long-term liabilities assigned to a specific enterprise fund are referred to as
687:), nonprofits can have more than one general ledger (or fund), depending on their financial reporting requirements. An accountant for such an entity must be able to produce reports detailing the expenditures and revenues for each of the organization's individual funds, and reports that summarize the organization's financial activities across all of its funds.
2444:
1061:, such as buildings, equipment and roads. Depending on its use, a fixed asset may instead be financed by a special revenue fund or a proprietary fund. A capital project fund exists only until completion of the project. Fixed assets acquired and long-term debts incurred by a capital project are assigned to the government's
1430:
by the mayor and city council of the City of
Tuscany. For Fiscal Year 2009, which began on July 1, 2008, the Mayor's Office estimated general fund revenues of $ 35 million from property taxes, state grants, parking fines and other sources. The estimate was recorded in the fund's general ledger with a
1075:
funds are used to account for money that will be used to pay the interest and principal of long-term debts. Bonds used by a government to finance major construction projects, to be paid by tax levies over a period of years, require a debt service fund (sometimes titled as "interest and sinking fund")
694:
When using the fund accounting method, an organization is able to therefore separate the financial resources between those immediately available for ongoing operations and those intended for a donor specified reason. This also provides an audit trail that all moneys have been spent for their intended
1944:
Instead of re-applying the unspent balance from the general fund to the same programs, the city council may choose to spend the money on other programs. Alternatively, they may use the balance to cut taxes or pay off a long-term debt. With a large surplus, reducing the tax burden will usually be the
690:
Fund accounting distinguishes between two primary classes of fund.: those funds that have an unrestricted use, that can be spent for any purposes by the organization, and those that have a restricted use. The reason for the restriction can be for a number of different reasons. Examples include legal
1679:
The city spent a total of $ 30 million on its employee payroll, including various taxes, benefits and employee withholding. A portion of the payroll taxes will be paid in the next fiscal period, but modified accrual accounting requires the expenditure to be recorded during the period the liability
1600:
The complexity of an appropriation depends upon the city council's preferences; real-world appropriations can list hundreds of line item amounts. An appropriation is the legal authority for spending given by the city council to the various agencies of the city government. In the example above, the
1192:
The accounting basis applied to fiduciary funds depends upon the needs of a specific fund. If the trust involves a business-like operation, accrual basis accounting would be appropriate to show the fund's profitability. Accrual basis is also appropriate for trust funds using interest and dividends
1609:
During Fiscal Year 2009, the city assessed property owners a total of $ 37 million for property taxes. However, the Mayor's Office expects $ 1 million of this assessment to be difficult or impossible to collect. Revenues of $ 36 million were recognized, because this portion of the assessment was
1388:
The unified budget deficit, a cash-basis measurement, is the equivalent of a checkbook balance. This indicator does not consider long-term consequences, but has historically been the focus of budget reporting by the media. Except for the unified budget deficit, the federal government's financial
1116:
funds are used to account for assets held in trust by the government for the benefit of individuals or other entities. The employee pension fund, created by the State of
Maryland to provide retirement benefits for its employees, is an example of a fiduciary fund. Financial statements may further
1100:
funds are used for operations serving other funds or departments within a government on a cost-reimbursement basis. A printing shop, which takes orders for booklets and forms from other offices and is reimbursed for the cost of each order, would be a suitable application for an internal service
691:
requirements, where the moneys can only be lawfully used for a specific purpose, or a restriction imposed by the donor or provider. These donor/provider restrictions are usually communicated in writing and may be found in the terms of an agreement, government grant, will or gift.
1161:
of accounting used by most businesses requires revenue to be recognized when it is earned and expenses to be recognized when the related benefit is received. Revenues may actually be received during a later period, while expenses may be paid during an earlier or later period.
1051:) funds are required to account for the use of revenue earmarked by law for a particular purpose. An example would be a special revenue fund to record state and federal fuel tax revenues, since by federal and state law the tax revenue can only be spent on transportation uses.
719:
Unrestricted funds are, as their name suggests, unrestricted and therefore organizations do not necessarily need more than a single
General Fund, however many larger organizations use several to help them account for the unrestricted resources. Unrestricted funds may include:
715:
Nonprofit organization's finances are broken into two primary categories, unrestricted and restricted funds. The number of funds in each category can change over time and are determined by the restrictions and reporting requirements by donors, board, or fund providers.
682:
Nonprofit organizations and government agencies have special requirements to show, in financial statements and reports, how money is spent, rather than how much profit was earned. Unlike profit oriented businesses, which use a single set of self-balancing accounts (or
1228:. Since making a profit is not the purpose of a government, a significant surplus generally means a choice between tax cuts or spending increases. A significant deficit will result in spending cuts or borrowing. Ideally, surpluses and deficits should be small.
1367:
used by state and local governments for assets belonging to individuals and other entities, held temporarily by the government. State income taxes withheld from a federal government employee's pay, not yet paid to the state, are an example of deposit
1076:
to account for their repayment. The debts of permanent and proprietary funds are serviced within those funds, rather than by a separate debt service fund. As with capital project funds, once the debt has been retired, the fund ceases to exist.
1085:
should be used to report resources that are legally restricted to the extent that only earnings, and not principal, may be used for purposes that support the reporting government's programs—that is, for the benefit of the government or its
917:
services. Program services are the mission-related activities performed by the organization. Non-program supporting services include the costs of fund-raising events, management and general administration. This is a required section of the
1181:
for modified accrual accounting, are recognized when the related liability is incurred. Expenditures also include purchases of capital assets, and repayments of debt, which are not considered expenses in business accounting.
2154:
3050:
See chapters 15–19 (p. 191–222) for a quick reference to journal entries and math useful for state and local government fund accounting. The "Funds
Characteristics Tree" on p. 191 illustrates relationships between
875:. It shows the net results, by each fund, of the organization's activities during the fiscal year reported. The excess or deficit is shown as a change in fund balances, similar to an increase or decrease in owner's equity.
798:
are held to account for resources before they are disbursed according to the donor's instructions. The organisation has little or no discretion over the use of these resources and always equal liabilities in agency
727:– This is the minimum fund needed for unrestricted resources and relates to current as well as non-current assets and related liabilities which can be used at the discretion of the organisation's governing board.
841:. FASB issued a major update in 2016 that changed reporting net assets from three primary categories to two categories, restricted and unrestricted funds and how these are represented on financial statements.
2491:
2957:
When goods or services are received, the amount to be paid is debited to the expenditure account and credited to a liability (payable) account. Hay, p. 63. Transactions involving purchase orders involve
698:
An example may be a local school system in the United States. It receives a grant from its state government to support a new special education initiative, another grant from the federal government for a
1107:
funds are used for services provided to the public on a user charge basis, similar to the operation of a commercial enterprise. Water and sewage utilities are common examples of government enterprises.
739:– Many large non-profit organisations now have shops and other outlets where they raise funds from selling goods and services. The profits from these are then used for the purpose of the organisations.
2749:
786:
are similar to permanent endowment funds except that at a future time or after a specified future event the endowment become available for unrestricted or purpose-restricted use by the organization
1205:(ACFR), the equivalent of a business's financial statements. An ACFR includes a single set of government-wide statements, for the government entity as a whole, and individual fund statements. The
1392:
Net operating (cost)/revenue, an accrual basis measurement, is calculated in the "Statements of
Operations and Changes in Net Position" by comparing revenues with costs. The federal government's
1185:
Proprietary funds, used for business-like activities, usually operate on an accrual basis. Governmental accountants sometimes refer to the accrual basis as "full accrual" to distinguish it from
986:
is an account which may be used for urgent expenditure in anticipation that the money will be approved by
Parliament, or for small payments that were not included in the year's budget estimates.
1813:
At the end of the fiscal year, the actual revenues of $ 36 million were compared with the estimate of $ 35 million. The $ 1 million difference was recorded as a credit to the fund balance.
950:
is the government's main borrowing and lending account. it is closely linked to the consolidated fund, which is balanced daily by means of a transfer to, or from, the national loans fund.
627:
is an accounting system for recording resources whose use has been limited by the donor, grant authority, governing agency, or other individuals or organisations or by law. It emphasizes
654:
has also been applied to investment accounting, portfolio accounting or securities accounting – all synonyms describing the process of accounting for a portfolio of investments such as
2162:
3064:
Federal
Accounting Standards Advisory Board (December 26, 2007). Definitions of elements and basic recognition criteria for accrual-basis financial statements for federal agencies.
792:
are resources provided by donors where the organization has a beneficial interest but is not the sole beneficiary. These may include charitable gift annuities or life income funds.
1260:. However, each federal agency maintains its own self-balancing set of accounts. The general fund is used to account for receipts and payments that do not belong to another fund.
883:
or balance sheet. Similar to the balance sheet of a business, this statement lists the value of assets held and debts owed by the organization at the end of the reporting period.
1490:
was approved by the city council, authorizing the city to spend $ 34 million from the general fund. The appropriation was recorded in fund's general ledger with a debit to
3071:
1377:
The United States government uses accrual basis accounting for all of its funds. Its consolidated annual financial report uses two indicators to measure financial health:
909:
which distributes each expense of the organization into amounts related to the organization's various functions. These functions are segregated into two broad categories:
2044:
1941:, allowing payment at a later date under the current appropriation. Some jurisdictions, however, require the amounts to be included in the following period's budget.)
2930:
In the opening entries for a fiscal year, estimated revenues are recorded with a credit to the fund balance, while appropriations are recorded as a debit. Hay, p. 44.
733:– assets which have been assigned to a specific purpose by the organisation's governing board but are still unrestricted as the board can cancel the desired use.
2753:
2699:
2659:
2611:
937:
is the fund where all date-to-day revenues and expenses of the government are accounted. Each of the devolved governments also have a consolidated fund.
2259:
818:. These are generated in line with the reporting requirements in the country they are based or if they are large enough they may produce them under
2224:
2098:
1873:
The city spent $ 31 million of its $ 34 million appropriation. A credit of $ 3 million was applied to the fund balance for the unspent amount.
2127:
2027:
1601:
city can spend as much as $ 34 million, but smaller appropriation limits have also been established for individual programs and departments.
2531:
2918:
In most jurisdictions, the budget is a legal document authorizing the government to incur debts, collect taxes and spend money. Hay, p. 20.
2132:"Companion Guide for Not-for-profits to the International Financial Reporting Standard for Small and Medium-sized Entities (IFRS for SMEs)"
826:. If the organization is small it may use a cash basis accounting, but larger ones generally use accrual basis accounting for their funds.
647:
and each are reported as either unrestricted, temporarily restricted or permanently restricted based on the provider-imposed restrictions.
2131:
3103:
1960:
1954:
1545:
In subsidiary ledgers, the appropriation would be divided into smaller amounts authorized for various departments and programs, such as:
1000:
819:
312:
1933:
When the current fiscal period ended, its appropriation expired. The balance remaining in the general fund at that time is considered
1418:
The following is a simplified example of the fiscal cycle for the general fund of the City of
Tuscany, a fictitious city government.
838:
834:
2191:
297:
1193:
from invested principle amounts to pay for supported programs, because the profitability of those investments would be important.
1966:
1206:
3068:
3043:
2055:
901:
identifies the sources of cash flowing into the organization and the uses of cash flowing out during the reported fiscal year.
1202:
302:
2939:
Subsidiary ledger details are used to provide an appropriate level of budgetary control over government spending. Hay p. 43.
2902:
1284:, means that it conducts a continuing cycle of activity. There are two types of revolving funds in the Federal Funds Group:
1220:
to describe the net results of their operations. The difference between revenues and expenditures during a year is either a
830:
611:
462:
166:
63:
2440:
958:
317:
307:
73:
2351:
1173:
basis. This involves recognizing revenue when it becomes both available and measurable, rather than when it is earned.
369:
3057:
2723:
2375:
2015:
Deloitte
Development LLC (2008). See "Challenges and Opportunities for Investment Funds" on p. 3. Retrieved 2010-05-17
745:– Some organizations hold their non-current assets and related liabilities in a separate fund from the current assets.
2569:
2308:
2001:
1257:
497:
374:
322:
265:
3269:
3096:
891:– just as for profit-making organizations, this shows the change in the organization equity over the year. Under
879:
406:
1302:
funds used by state and local governments for business-like activities conducted primarily with the public. The
674:. Investment accounting, however, is a different system, unrelated to government and nonprofit fund accounting.
3187:
2974:
Closing entries for a government's funds are similar to those of a for-profit business. The totals recorded in
1316:
funds used by state and local governments for business-like activities conducted within the federal government.
887:
359:
2281:
1041:
fund. This fund is used to account for general operations and activities not requiring the use of other funds.
2775:
1133:
State and local governments have two other groups of self-balancing accounts which are not considered funds:
954:
922:
that is an annual informational return required by the
Internal Revenue Service for nonprofit organizations.
895:
the nonprofit organization can choose if it wants to produce this statement or not; some do, and some do not.
1331:
are earmarked for specific programs and purposes in accordance with a statute that designates the fund as a
1270:
used by state and local governments, earmarked for a specific purpose (other than business-like activities).
3264:
3031:
2872:
2860:
2845:
2833:
2821:
2795:
1303:
996:
844:
Nonprofit and governments use the same four standard financial statements as profit-making organizations:
3089:
2730:. Kansas Department of Administration (October 28, 1998). See "Proprietary Funds." Retrieved 2010-03-19
1758:
The Public Works Department spent $ 1 million on supplies and services for maintaining city streets.
1166:
accounting, used by some small businesses, recognizes revenue when received and expenses when paid.)
2900:
Financial Statements of the United States Government for the Years Ended September 30, 2009 and 2008
2024:
751:– If the organization holds his non-current assets in a plant fund then this is used to account for
604:
411:
47:
3151:
2528:
2435:
972:
943:
is a government organisation which has been established as such by means of a trading fund order.
245:
121:
2909:
U.S. Government Accountability Office. See "Statements of Net Cost," p. 39. Retrieved 2010-03-26
962:
636:
537:
472:
196:
2752:. Government Accounting Standards Board, official news release. March 16, 2006. Archived from
780:
or until a specific future date/event or has been used for the purpose for which it was given.
3136:
644:
522:
260:
126:
68:
3017:
829:
Nonprofit organizations in the United States have prepared their financial statements using
3126:
815:
700:
572:
111:
8:
3228:
3192:
3141:
2824:
See "Characteristics of Fund Types," p. 37-38. Office of Management of the Budget (2009).
1487:
1163:
947:
833:(FASB) guidance since 1993. The financial reporting standards are primarily contained in
764:
597:
562:
557:
532:
527:
467:
396:
354:
336:
289:
270:
201:
106:
31:
2962:
accounting, requiring a more complex transaction than the simplified example shown here.
2466:
3218:
3208:
1344:
1158:
983:
976:
814:
Like profit-making organizations, nonprofits and governments will produce Consolidated
632:
401:
236:
191:
1125:
funds; a trust fund generally exists for a longer period of time than an agency fund.
3223:
3156:
3038:
2565:
2012:
1997:
934:
704:
582:
577:
156:
131:
3177:
1403:
1169:
Governmental funds, which are not concerned about profitability, usually rely on a
856:
364:
250:
1793:
1280:
funds used by state and local governments for business-like activities. The term,
3131:
3075:
3061:
3047:
2906:
2899:
2727:
2535:
2031:
776:
the organization is required, by agreement with the donor, to maintain intact in
452:
416:
206:
186:
171:
101:
58:
2750:"Why governmental accounting and financial reporting is—and should be—different"
3161:
2798:
See "Overview of fund types," p. 36. Office of Management of the Budget (2009).
1971:
1201:
State and local governments report the results of their annual operations in a
1079:
966:
684:
628:
457:
425:
136:
2890:
U.S. Government Accountability Office (December 1, 2006). Retrieved 2010-03-26
3258:
3182:
2888:"Understanding Similarities and Differences Between Accual and Cash Deficits"
2548:
773:
769:
752:
567:
430:
349:
344:
181:
2538:
Government Accounting Standards Board (November 2007). Retrieved 2010-03-17.
3238:
3233:
3078:
of the American National Red Cross for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2010.
3054:
2887:
2720:
2400:
2054:. University of California, Santa Barbara. 2004. p. IX. Archived from
1357:
funds. They are, otherwise, identical to public enterprise revolving funds.
995:
The United Kingdom government produces the financial statements called the
940:
502:
241:
1875:
1815:
1760:
1682:
1616:
1500:
1441:
805:
are current assets subject to restrictions assigned by donors or grantors.
19:
2959:
2355:
1058:
755:
that can be used at the discretion of the organization's governing board.
667:
659:
388:
2155:"FASB's New Standard Aims to Improve Not-for-Profit Financial Reporting"
957:
is the government fund holding the UK's reserves of foreign currencies,
23:
Diagram demonstrating the difference between general and fund accounting
3243:
3112:
2863:
See "Trust funds," p. 39-40. Office of Management of the Budget (2009).
1398:
777:
671:
663:
655:
492:
176:
39:
2875:
See "Deposit funds," p. 40. Office of Management of the Budget (2009).
2848:
See "Federal Funds," p. 39. Office of Management of the Budget (2009).
2836:
See "Revolving Fund," p. 8. Office of Management of the Budget (2009).
1256:
Technically, there is just one general fund, under the control of the
2381:
The American National Red Cross, June 30, 2010. Retrieved 2011-03-21.
2309:"What the New FASB Accounting Standards Will Mean for Your Nonprofit"
1112:
2529:"Touring the Financial Statements, Part III: The Governmental Funds"
1413:
999:. They are produced using the annual basis and generated under the
919:
2562:
Accounting for Governmental & Nonprofit Entities, 14th edition
1236:
Federal government accounting uses two broad groups of funds: the
3213:
1994:
Accounting for Governmental and Nonprofit Entities, Sixth edition
1057:
funds are used to account for the construction or acquisition of
1016:
State and local governments use three broad categories of funds:
275:
255:
161:
3032:
State of Maryland Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, FY 2013
2700:
State of Maryland Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, FY 2009
2660:
State of Maryland Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, FY 2009
2612:
State of Maryland Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, FY 2009
3034:
Example of financial statements prepared by a state government.
2225:"A Business Owner's Guide to Consolidated Financial Statements"
1547:
1427:
421:
96:
2590:
Governmental Accounting Standards Board Statement 34, para. 65
3081:
2052:
UCSB Campus Information and Procedure Manual: Fund Accounting
1372:
990:
823:
444:
226:
91:
16:
An accounting system used for special reporting requirements
2776:"What is the Comprehensive Annual Financial Report (CAFR)?"
2251:
892:
809:
231:
3067:
For an example of nonprofit financial reporting, see the
2994:
as a credit (surplus) or debit (deficit). Hay, p. 76-77.
2990:
are reversed with credits. The difference is applied to
1335:. Its statutory designation distinguishes the fund as a
1353:
are business-like activities, designated by statute as
930:
The United Kingdom government has the following funds:
2099:"Investopedia: Cracking the Nonprofit Accounting Code"
2560:
Earl Wilson, Jacqueline Reck, Susan Kattelas (2006).
2274:
925:
3055:
Statement of Federal Financial Accounting Concepts 5
2873:
OMB Circular A-11, Section 20 – "Terms and Concepts"
2861:
OMB Circular A-11, Section 20 – "Terms and Concepts"
2846:
OMB Circular A-11, Section 20 – "Terms and Concepts"
2834:
OMB Circular A-11, Section 20 – "Terms and Concepts"
2822:
OMB Circular A-11, Section 20 – "Terms and Concepts"
2796:
OMB Circular A-11, Section 20 – "Terms and Concepts"
1006:
2695:
2693:
2691:
1128:
1011:
822:(IFRS), an example of this is the UK based charity
695:purpose and thereby released from the restriction.
2817:
2815:
2813:
2662:See "Government-wide Financial Statements," p. 11.
2210:
2208:
975:are accounts which holds the contributions of the
905:In the United States there may also be a separate
3018:"Fund Accounting—Making sense of church finances"
2607:
2605:
1414:Fund accounting fiscal cycle (fictitious example)
3256:
2883:
2881:
2688:
1996:, page 5. Richard D. Irwin, Inc., Homewood, IL.
2810:
2401:"Return of Organization Exempt From Income Tax"
2260:"FASB modifies not-for-profit accounting rules"
2205:
2096:
1426:The fiscal cycle begins with the approval of a
1306:Fund is an example of a public enterprise fund.
3015:
2856:
2854:
2602:
2300:
3097:
2878:
2681:
2679:
2677:
2515:
2513:
1389:statements rely on accrual basis accounting.
965:. It can be used to manage the value of the
605:
2346:
2344:
2306:
1988:
1986:
1209:establishes standards for ACFR preparation.
2851:
2773:
1961:Federal Accounting Standards Advisory Board
1955:International Financial Reporting Standards
1231:
1001:International Financial Reporting Standards
820:International Financial Reporting Standards
313:International Financial Reporting Standards
3104:
3090:
2674:
2547:Fixed assets are sometimes referred to as
2510:
2430:"Exchequer and Audit Departments Act 1866"
2186:
2184:
2182:
2180:
853:statement of support, revenue and expenses
710:
612:
598:
2970:
2968:
2926:
2924:
2614:See "Fund Financial Statements," p. 12-13
2341:
2307:McCaimbridge, Ruth (September 13, 2016).
2192:"Oxfam Annual Report and Account 2014/15"
2122:
2120:
2118:
1983:
1410:reported by state and local governments.
743:Plant (Land, building and equipment) fund
2092:
2090:
2088:
2086:
2084:
2045:"Profit versus Non-Profit Organizations"
2034:Green Trader Funds. Retrieved 2010-05-17
1373:Accounting basis and financial reporting
991:Accounting basis and financial reporting
810:Accounting basis and financial reporting
18:
2942:
2393:
2242:
2177:
1967:Governmental Accounting Standards Board
1674:
1207:Governmental Accounting Standards Board
3257:
2965:
2921:
2352:"Whole of Government Accounts 2013–14"
2257:
2115:
1247:
1196:
1117:distinguish fiduciary funds as either
859:of a business, but may use terms like
639:and by governments. In this method, a
3085:
2498:. Office of Public Sector Information
2081:
1753:
1604:
1203:annual comprehensive financial report
303:Generally-accepted auditing standards
2147:
2126:
1322:
831:Financial Accounting Standards Board
643:consists of a self-balancing set of
2551:, a broader term than fixed assets.
2467:"Government Trading Funds Act 1973"
2441:Office of Public Sector Information
1152:
1003:like any other large organisation.
318:International Standards on Auditing
13:
1808:
1421:
926:United Kingdom governmental system
14:
3281:
3069:Consolidated Financial Statements
3009:
2702:See "Basis of Accounting," p. 48.
2377:Consolidated Financial Statements
1310:Intragovernmental revolving funds
1258:United States Treasury Department
1212:Governments do not use the terms
1007:United States governmental system
849:Statement of financial activities
375:Notes to the financial statements
2097:Jonas Elmerraji (June 1, 2007).
1129:Fixed assets and long-term debts
1012:State and local government funds
907:Statement of functional expenses
323:Management Accounting Principles
46:
3016:John R. Throop (July 1, 2006).
2997:
2982:are reversed with debits while
2951:
2933:
2912:
2893:
2866:
2839:
2827:
2801:
2789:
2767:
2742:
2733:
2714:
2705:
2665:
2653:
2644:
2635:
2626:
2617:
2593:
2584:
2575:
2554:
2541:
2522:
2484:
2459:
2422:
2384:
2369:
2332:
2323:
2258:Tysiac, Ken (August 18, 2016).
2217:
880:Statement of financial position
855:. This statement resembles the
3188:Statement of changes in equity
3111:
2072:
2037:
2018:
2006:
1649:Estimated uncollectible taxes
888:Statement of changes in equity
759:Restricted funds may include:
662:and/or real estate held in an
1:
2492:"Contingencies Fund Act 1974"
2194:. oxfam.org.uk. 31 March 2015
1977:
1347:is an example of trust funds.
1093:funds include the following.
1034:funds include the following.
955:Exchange Equalisation Account
790:Annuity and Life-Income Funds
298:Generally-accepted principles
3037:Tim Riley (April 28, 2014).
1886:
1883:
1880:
1826:
1823:
1820:
1771:
1768:
1765:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1627:
1624:
1621:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1394:net operating (cost)/revenue
1383:net operating (cost)/revenue
997:Whole of Government Accounts
768:are used to account for the
7:
2496:The UK Statute Law Database
1948:
1926:
1920:
1913:
1907:
1897:
1866:
1860:
1853:
1847:
1837:
1801:
1792:
1782:
1746:
1740:
1733:
1727:
1720:
1714:
1704:
1667:
1661:
1654:
1648:
1638:
1614:within the current period.
1593:
1585:
1577:
1569:
1561:
1553:
1538:
1532:
1522:
1479:
1473:
1463:
1290:intragovernmental revolving
784:Endowment funds – temporary
765:Endowment funds – permanent
749:Current fund – unrestricted
677:
10:
3286:
2778:. Property Rights Research
2410:. Internal Revenue Service
1894:
1834:
1779:
1701:
1635:
1590:
1582:
1574:
1566:
1558:
1550:
1519:
1460:
1189:accrual basis accounting.
1147:fund long-term liabilities
803:Current funds – restricted
3201:
3170:
3119:
2905:February 2, 2011, at the
2282:"What is Fund Accounting"
2013:IFRS for Investment Funds
969:on international markets.
796:Agency or Custodian funds
167:Constant purchasing power
64:Constant purchasing power
2262:. Journal of Accountancy
1612:available and measurable
1232:Federal government funds
1177:, a term preferred over
973:National Insurance Funds
498:Accounting organizations
486:People and organizations
3152:Governmental accounting
2564:. p. 163. McGraw-Hill.
2436:UK Statute Law Database
2161:. AICPA. Archived from
2025:Hedge Funds Accounting.
1396:is comparable with the
1296:Public enterprise funds
1139:general long-term debts
899:Statement of cash flows
711:Nonprofit organizations
637:nonprofit organizations
246:Amortization (business)
3270:Accounting terminology
2721:Accounts & Reports
1406:by a business, or the
1379:unified budget deficit
963:special drawing rights
24:
3137:Management accounting
3040:The Accountancy Model
2311:. Nonprofit Quarterly
1351:Trust Revolving Funds
1268:special revenue funds
370:Management discussion
22:
3127:Financial accounting
3020:. Christianity Today
1992:Leon E. Hay (1980).
1675:Payroll expenditures
1135:general fixed assets
1063:General Fixed Assets
816:Financial Statements
701:school lunch program
337:Financial statements
290:Accounting standards
3265:Types of accounting
3229:Capital expenditure
3193:Cash flow statement
3142:Forensic accounting
1848:Estimated revenues
1461:Estimated revenues
1363:are similar to the
1312:are similar to the
1298:are similar to the
1276:are similar to the
1266:are similar to the
1248:Federal funds group
1238:federal funds group
1197:Financial reporting
948:National Loans Fund
772:amount of gifts or
563:Earnings management
533:Positive accounting
407:Double-entry system
397:Bank reconciliation
202:Revenue recognition
3219:Cost of goods sold
3209:Debits and credits
3074:2014-08-02 at the
3060:2013-05-14 at the
3046:2016-11-06 at the
2988:estimated revenues
2726:2013-07-08 at the
2534:2012-04-04 at the
2471:legislation.gov.uk
2288:. Aplos. July 2014
2165:on 7 November 2019
2030:2018-06-13 at the
1945:preferred choice.
1754:Other expenditures
1605:Recording revenues
1559:Police department
1433:estimated revenues
1345:Highway Trust Fund
984:Contingencies Fund
977:National Insurance
538:Sarbanes–Oxley Act
473:Sarbanes–Oxley Act
402:Debits and credits
237:Cost of goods sold
192:Matching principle
25:
3252:
3251:
3224:Operating expense
3157:Social accounting
2774:Gerald R. Klatt.
1931:
1930:
1871:
1870:
1806:
1805:
1751:
1750:
1741:Benefits payable
1672:
1671:
1636:Taxes receivable
1598:
1597:
1543:
1542:
1484:
1483:
1408:surplus/(deficit)
1399:net income/(loss)
1323:Trust funds group
1286:public enterprise
1242:trust funds group
1143:fund fixed assets
935:Consolidated Fund
705:chart of accounts
635:, and is used by
622:
621:
583:Two sets of books
578:Off-balance-sheet
220:Selected accounts
157:Accounting period
3277:
3178:Income statement
3106:
3099:
3092:
3083:
3082:
3028:
3026:
3025:
3004:
3001:
2995:
2972:
2963:
2955:
2949:
2946:
2940:
2937:
2931:
2928:
2919:
2916:
2910:
2897:
2891:
2885:
2876:
2870:
2864:
2858:
2849:
2843:
2837:
2831:
2825:
2819:
2808:
2805:
2799:
2793:
2787:
2786:
2784:
2783:
2771:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2761:
2746:
2740:
2737:
2731:
2718:
2712:
2709:
2703:
2697:
2686:
2683:
2672:
2669:
2663:
2657:
2651:
2648:
2642:
2639:
2633:
2630:
2624:
2621:
2615:
2609:
2600:
2597:
2591:
2588:
2582:
2579:
2573:
2558:
2552:
2545:
2539:
2526:
2520:
2517:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2503:
2488:
2482:
2481:
2479:
2478:
2463:
2457:
2456:
2454:
2452:
2447:on 5 August 2012
2443:. Archived from
2426:
2420:
2419:
2417:
2415:
2405:
2397:
2391:
2388:
2382:
2373:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2348:
2339:
2336:
2330:
2329:Hay, p. 622, 642
2327:
2321:
2320:
2318:
2316:
2304:
2298:
2297:
2295:
2293:
2278:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2255:
2249:
2246:
2240:
2239:
2237:
2236:
2221:
2215:
2212:
2203:
2202:
2200:
2199:
2188:
2175:
2174:
2172:
2170:
2151:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2141:
2136:
2130:(October 2015).
2124:
2113:
2112:
2110:
2109:
2094:
2079:
2076:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2066:
2060:
2049:
2041:
2035:
2022:
2016:
2010:
2004:
1990:
1876:
1816:
1761:
1683:
1617:
1551:Fire department
1548:
1501:
1494:and a credit to
1442:
1435:and a credit to
1404:income statement
1314:internal service
1171:modified accrual
1153:Accounting basis
1098:Internal service
1055:Capital projects
857:income statement
614:
607:
600:
50:
27:
26:
3285:
3284:
3280:
3279:
3278:
3276:
3275:
3274:
3255:
3254:
3253:
3248:
3197:
3166:
3147:Fund accounting
3132:Cost accounting
3115:
3110:
3076:Wayback Machine
3062:Wayback Machine
3048:Wayback Machine
3023:
3021:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2998:
2973:
2966:
2956:
2952:
2947:
2943:
2938:
2934:
2929:
2922:
2917:
2913:
2907:Wayback Machine
2898:
2894:
2886:
2879:
2871:
2867:
2859:
2852:
2844:
2840:
2832:
2828:
2820:
2811:
2807:Hay, p. 476-477
2806:
2802:
2794:
2790:
2781:
2779:
2772:
2768:
2759:
2757:
2748:
2747:
2743:
2738:
2734:
2728:Wayback Machine
2719:
2715:
2711:Hay, p. 225-226
2710:
2706:
2698:
2689:
2684:
2675:
2670:
2666:
2658:
2654:
2649:
2645:
2640:
2636:
2631:
2627:
2622:
2618:
2610:
2603:
2598:
2594:
2589:
2585:
2581:Hay, p. 164-165
2580:
2576:
2559:
2555:
2546:
2542:
2536:Wayback Machine
2527:
2523:
2518:
2511:
2501:
2499:
2490:
2489:
2485:
2476:
2474:
2473:. UK Government
2465:
2464:
2460:
2450:
2448:
2428:
2427:
2423:
2413:
2411:
2403:
2399:
2398:
2394:
2390:Hay, p. 622-625
2389:
2385:
2374:
2370:
2360:
2358:
2350:
2349:
2342:
2338:Hay, p. 648-649
2337:
2333:
2328:
2324:
2314:
2312:
2305:
2301:
2291:
2289:
2280:
2279:
2275:
2265:
2263:
2256:
2252:
2247:
2243:
2234:
2232:
2223:
2222:
2218:
2214:Hay, p. 609-610
2213:
2206:
2197:
2195:
2190:
2189:
2178:
2168:
2166:
2153:
2152:
2148:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2125:
2116:
2107:
2105:
2095:
2082:
2078:Hay, p. 4-5, 9.
2077:
2073:
2064:
2062:
2058:
2047:
2043:
2042:
2038:
2032:Wayback Machine
2023:
2019:
2011:
2007:
1991:
1984:
1980:
1951:
1924:
1911:
1901:
1895:Appropriations
1881:Ledger account
1864:
1851:
1841:
1821:Ledger account
1811:
1809:Closing entries
1799:
1786:
1766:Ledger account
1756:
1744:
1731:
1718:
1708:
1688:Ledger account
1677:
1665:
1652:
1642:
1622:Ledger account
1607:
1591:Mayor's office
1583:Transportation
1536:
1533:Appropriations
1526:
1506:Ledger account
1477:
1467:
1447:Ledger account
1424:
1422:Opening entries
1416:
1402:reported on an
1375:
1325:
1274:Revolving funds
1250:
1234:
1199:
1155:
1131:
1067:Long-Term Debts
1045:Special revenue
1014:
1009:
993:
928:
812:
731:Designated fund
713:
680:
666:fund such as a
652:fund accounting
625:Fund accounting
618:
589:
588:
587:
552:
544:
543:
542:
517:
509:
508:
507:
487:
479:
478:
477:
447:
437:
436:
435:
391:
381:
380:
379:
339:
329:
328:
327:
292:
282:
281:
280:
221:
213:
212:
211:
207:Unit of account
187:Historical cost
172:Economic entity
151:
143:
142:
141:
86:
78:
59:Historical cost
17:
12:
11:
5:
3283:
3273:
3272:
3267:
3250:
3249:
3247:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3205:
3203:
3199:
3198:
3196:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3174:
3172:
3168:
3167:
3165:
3164:
3162:Tax accounting
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3123:
3121:
3117:
3116:
3109:
3108:
3101:
3094:
3086:
3080:
3079:
3065:
3052:
3035:
3029:
3011:
3010:External links
3008:
3006:
3005:
3003:Hay, p. 20-21.
2996:
2980:appropriations
2964:
2950:
2941:
2932:
2920:
2911:
2892:
2877:
2865:
2850:
2838:
2826:
2809:
2800:
2788:
2766:
2741:
2732:
2713:
2704:
2687:
2673:
2664:
2652:
2643:
2634:
2625:
2616:
2601:
2592:
2583:
2574:
2553:
2549:capital assets
2540:
2521:
2509:
2483:
2458:
2421:
2392:
2383:
2368:
2340:
2331:
2322:
2299:
2273:
2250:
2241:
2216:
2204:
2176:
2146:
2114:
2080:
2071:
2036:
2017:
2005:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1975:
1974:
1972:Permanent fund
1969:
1965:United States
1963:
1959:United States
1957:
1950:
1947:
1929:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1902:
1899:
1896:
1893:
1889:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1879:
1869:
1868:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1852:
1849:
1846:
1843:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1829:
1828:
1825:
1822:
1819:
1810:
1807:
1804:
1803:
1800:
1797:
1791:
1788:
1787:
1784:
1781:
1778:
1774:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1755:
1752:
1749:
1748:
1745:
1742:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1732:
1729:
1728:Taxes payable
1726:
1723:
1722:
1719:
1716:
1715:Wages payable
1713:
1710:
1709:
1706:
1703:
1700:
1696:
1695:
1692:
1689:
1686:
1680:was incurred.
1676:
1673:
1670:
1669:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1630:
1629:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1606:
1603:
1596:
1595:
1592:
1588:
1587:
1584:
1580:
1579:
1576:
1572:
1571:
1568:
1564:
1563:
1560:
1556:
1555:
1552:
1541:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1514:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1496:appropriations
1482:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1468:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1455:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1423:
1420:
1415:
1412:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1369:
1358:
1348:
1339:rather than a
1324:
1321:
1320:
1319:
1318:
1317:
1307:
1304:Postal Service
1271:
1261:
1249:
1246:
1233:
1230:
1198:
1195:
1154:
1151:
1130:
1127:
1109:
1108:
1102:
1088:
1087:
1077:
1070:
1052:
1042:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
992:
989:
988:
987:
980:
970:
967:pound sterling
951:
944:
938:
927:
924:
903:
902:
896:
884:
876:
811:
808:
807:
806:
800:
793:
787:
781:
757:
756:
753:current assets
746:
740:
734:
728:
712:
709:
685:general ledger
679:
676:
629:accountability
620:
619:
617:
616:
609:
602:
594:
591:
590:
586:
585:
580:
575:
570:
565:
560:
554:
553:
550:
549:
546:
545:
541:
540:
535:
530:
525:
519:
518:
515:
514:
511:
510:
506:
505:
500:
495:
489:
488:
485:
484:
481:
480:
476:
475:
470:
465:
460:
455:
449:
448:
443:
442:
439:
438:
434:
433:
428:
426:General ledger
419:
414:
409:
404:
399:
393:
392:
387:
386:
383:
382:
378:
377:
372:
367:
362:
357:
352:
347:
341:
340:
335:
334:
331:
330:
326:
325:
320:
315:
310:
305:
300:
294:
293:
288:
287:
284:
283:
279:
278:
273:
268:
263:
258:
253:
248:
239:
234:
229:
223:
222:
219:
218:
215:
214:
210:
209:
204:
199:
194:
189:
184:
179:
174:
169:
164:
159:
153:
152:
149:
148:
145:
144:
140:
139:
134:
129:
124:
119:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
88:
87:
84:
83:
80:
79:
77:
76:
71:
66:
61:
55:
52:
51:
43:
42:
36:
35:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3282:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3262:
3260:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3206:
3204:
3200:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3183:Balance sheet
3181:
3179:
3176:
3175:
3173:
3169:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3124:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3107:
3102:
3100:
3095:
3093:
3088:
3087:
3084:
3077:
3073:
3070:
3066:
3063:
3059:
3056:
3053:
3049:
3045:
3042:
3041:
3036:
3033:
3030:
3019:
3014:
3013:
3000:
2993:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2977:
2971:
2969:
2961:
2954:
2945:
2936:
2927:
2925:
2915:
2908:
2904:
2901:
2896:
2889:
2884:
2882:
2874:
2869:
2862:
2857:
2855:
2847:
2842:
2835:
2830:
2823:
2818:
2816:
2814:
2804:
2797:
2792:
2777:
2770:
2756:on 2010-11-22
2755:
2751:
2745:
2736:
2729:
2725:
2722:
2717:
2708:
2701:
2696:
2694:
2692:
2682:
2680:
2678:
2668:
2661:
2656:
2647:
2638:
2629:
2620:
2613:
2608:
2606:
2596:
2587:
2578:
2571:
2570:0-07-310095-1
2567:
2563:
2557:
2550:
2544:
2537:
2533:
2530:
2525:
2516:
2514:
2497:
2493:
2487:
2472:
2468:
2462:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2437:
2431:
2425:
2409:
2402:
2396:
2387:
2380:
2378:
2372:
2357:
2353:
2347:
2345:
2335:
2326:
2310:
2303:
2287:
2283:
2277:
2261:
2254:
2245:
2230:
2226:
2220:
2211:
2209:
2193:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2181:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2150:
2133:
2129:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2104:
2100:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2075:
2061:on 2010-12-14
2057:
2053:
2046:
2040:
2033:
2029:
2026:
2021:
2014:
2009:
2003:
2002:0-256-02329-8
1999:
1995:
1989:
1987:
1982:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1964:
1962:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1946:
1942:
1940:
1936:
1923:
1921:Fund balance
1918:
1917:
1914:$ 31,000,000
1910:
1908:Expenditures
1905:
1904:
1900:
1898:$ 34,000,000
1891:
1890:
1878:
1877:
1874:
1863:
1861:Fund balance
1858:
1857:
1854:$ 35,000,000
1850:
1845:
1844:
1840:
1838:$ 36,000,000
1831:
1830:
1818:
1817:
1814:
1798:
1795:
1790:
1789:
1785:
1780:Expenditures
1776:
1775:
1763:
1762:
1759:
1743:
1738:
1737:
1730:
1725:
1724:
1721:$ 20,000,000
1717:
1712:
1711:
1707:
1705:$ 30,000,000
1702:Expenditures
1698:
1697:
1685:
1684:
1681:
1668:$ 36,000,000
1664:
1659:
1658:
1651:
1646:
1645:
1641:
1639:$ 37,000,000
1632:
1631:
1619:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1602:
1589:
1581:
1575:Public works
1573:
1570:$ 10,000,000
1565:
1557:
1549:
1546:
1539:$ 34,000,000
1535:
1530:
1529:
1525:
1523:$ 34,000,000
1520:Fund balance
1516:
1515:
1503:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1488:appropriation
1480:$ 35,000,000
1476:
1474:Fund balance
1471:
1470:
1466:
1464:$ 35,000,000
1457:
1456:
1444:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1434:
1429:
1419:
1411:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1386:
1384:
1380:
1366:
1362:
1361:Deposit funds
1359:
1356:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1315:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1265:
1264:Special funds
1262:
1259:
1255:
1254:General fund.
1252:
1251:
1245:
1243:
1239:
1229:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1210:
1208:
1204:
1194:
1190:
1188:
1183:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1167:
1165:
1160:
1159:accrual basis
1150:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1126:
1124:
1120:
1115:
1114:
1106:
1103:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1094:
1092:
1084:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1035:
1033:
1029:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1004:
1002:
998:
985:
981:
978:
974:
971:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
949:
945:
942:
939:
936:
933:
932:
931:
923:
921:
916:
913:services and
912:
908:
900:
897:
894:
890:
889:
885:
882:
881:
877:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
847:
846:
845:
842:
840:
836:
832:
827:
825:
821:
817:
804:
801:
797:
794:
791:
788:
785:
782:
779:
775:
771:
767:
766:
762:
761:
760:
754:
750:
747:
744:
741:
738:
737:Trading funds
735:
732:
729:
726:
723:
722:
721:
717:
708:
706:
702:
696:
692:
688:
686:
675:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
648:
646:
642:
638:
634:
633:profitability
630:
626:
615:
610:
608:
603:
601:
596:
595:
593:
592:
584:
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
568:Error account
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
555:
548:
547:
539:
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
524:
521:
520:
513:
512:
504:
501:
499:
496:
494:
491:
490:
483:
482:
474:
471:
469:
466:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
450:
446:
441:
440:
432:
431:Trial balance
429:
427:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
412:FIFO and LIFO
410:
408:
405:
403:
400:
398:
395:
394:
390:
385:
384:
376:
373:
371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
356:
353:
351:
350:Balance sheet
348:
346:
345:Annual report
343:
342:
338:
333:
332:
324:
321:
319:
316:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
295:
291:
286:
285:
277:
274:
272:
269:
267:
264:
262:
259:
257:
254:
252:
249:
247:
243:
240:
238:
235:
233:
230:
228:
225:
224:
217:
216:
208:
205:
203:
200:
198:
195:
193:
190:
188:
185:
183:
182:Going concern
180:
178:
175:
173:
170:
168:
165:
163:
160:
158:
155:
154:
147:
146:
138:
135:
133:
130:
128:
125:
123:
120:
118:
115:
113:
110:
108:
105:
103:
100:
98:
95:
93:
90:
89:
82:
81:
75:
72:
70:
67:
65:
62:
60:
57:
56:
54:
53:
49:
45:
44:
41:
38:
37:
33:
29:
28:
21:
3239:Gross income
3234:Depreciation
3146:
3039:
3022:. Retrieved
2999:
2992:fund balance
2991:
2987:
2984:expenditures
2983:
2979:
2975:
2953:
2944:
2935:
2914:
2895:
2868:
2841:
2829:
2803:
2791:
2780:. Retrieved
2769:
2758:. Retrieved
2754:the original
2744:
2735:
2716:
2707:
2667:
2655:
2646:
2637:
2628:
2619:
2595:
2586:
2577:
2561:
2556:
2543:
2524:
2500:. Retrieved
2495:
2486:
2475:. Retrieved
2470:
2461:
2449:. Retrieved
2445:the original
2433:
2424:
2412:. Retrieved
2407:
2395:
2386:
2376:
2371:
2359:. Retrieved
2334:
2325:
2313:. Retrieved
2302:
2290:. Retrieved
2285:
2276:
2264:. Retrieved
2253:
2244:
2233:. Retrieved
2231:. 2021-11-08
2228:
2219:
2196:. Retrieved
2167:. Retrieved
2163:the original
2158:
2149:
2138:. Retrieved
2106:. Retrieved
2102:
2074:
2063:. Retrieved
2056:the original
2051:
2039:
2020:
2008:
1993:
1943:
1938:
1934:
1932:
1927:$ 3,000,000
1872:
1867:$ 1,000,000
1812:
1802:$ 1,000,000
1783:$ 1,000,000
1757:
1747:$ 5,000,000
1734:$ 5,000,000
1678:
1655:$ 1,000,000
1611:
1608:
1599:
1594:$ 4,000,000
1586:$ 4,000,000
1578:$ 6,000,000
1562:$ 5,000,000
1554:$ 5,000,000
1544:
1495:
1492:fund balance
1491:
1485:
1437:fund balance
1436:
1432:
1425:
1417:
1407:
1397:
1393:
1391:
1387:
1382:
1378:
1376:
1365:agency funds
1364:
1360:
1354:
1350:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1313:
1309:
1299:
1295:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1267:
1263:
1253:
1241:
1237:
1235:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1211:
1200:
1191:
1186:
1184:
1178:
1175:Expenditures
1174:
1170:
1168:
1156:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1132:
1122:
1118:
1111:
1110:
1104:
1097:
1090:
1089:
1080:
1073:Debt service
1072:
1066:
1062:
1059:fixed assets
1054:
1048:
1044:
1038:
1032:Governmental
1031:
1030:
1025:
1021:
1018:governmental
1017:
1015:
994:
941:Trading fund
929:
914:
910:
906:
904:
898:
886:
878:
872:
868:
867:rather than
864:
860:
852:
848:
843:
828:
813:
802:
795:
789:
783:
763:
758:
748:
742:
736:
730:
725:General fund
724:
718:
714:
697:
693:
689:
681:
651:
649:
640:
631:rather than
624:
623:
503:Luca Pacioli
424: /
244: /
242:Depreciation
150:Key concepts
122:Governmental
116:
2960:encumbrance
2948:Hay, p. 687
2739:Hay, p. 292
2641:Hay, p. 291
2632:Hay, p. 286
2623:Hay, p. 247
2599:Hay, p. 232
2356:HM Treasury
2248:Hay, p. 622
1329:Trust funds
1278:Proprietary
1091:Proprietary
1022:proprietary
668:mutual fund
660:commodities
516:Development
493:Accountants
389:Bookkeeping
308:Convergence
266:Liabilities
197:Materiality
85:Major types
3259:Categories
3244:Net income
3171:Statements
3113:Accounting
3024:2010-03-15
2782:2011-03-21
2760:2011-03-21
2671:Hay, p. 10
2477:2016-10-29
2235:2022-02-11
2198:2016-10-29
2140:2016-10-29
2108:2010-03-19
2103:Forbes.com
2065:2011-03-28
1978:References
1935:unexpended
1343:fund. The
1300:enterprise
1288:funds and
1164:Cash basis
1105:Enterprise
1086:citizenry.
1024:funds and
915:supporting
778:perpetuity
672:hedge fund
664:investment
656:securities
650:The label
551:Misconduct
177:Fair value
127:Management
69:Management
40:Accounting
2685:Hay, p. 8
2650:Hay, p. 7
2519:Hay, p. 6
2286:Aplos.com
2229:Today CFO
2159:AICPA.org
1835:Revenues
1662:Revenues
1431:debit to
1282:revolving
1113:Fiduciary
1081:Permanent
1026:fiduciary
799:accounts.
770:principal
573:Hollywood
453:Financial
355:Cash-flow
112:Financial
3072:Archived
3058:Archived
3044:Archived
2976:revenues
2903:Archived
2724:Archived
2532:Archived
2028:Archived
1949:See also
1939:expended
1796:payable
1794:Vouchers
1567:Schools
1240:and the
1187:modified
1179:expenses
920:Form 990
678:Overview
645:accounts
558:Creative
528:Research
458:Internal
445:Auditing
261:Goodwill
256:Expenses
107:Forensic
32:a series
30:Part of
3214:Revenue
2414:9 March
2408:IRS.gov
2315:9 March
2292:9 March
2266:9 March
2169:9 March
1887:Credit
1827:Credit
1772:Credit
1694:Credit
1628:Credit
1512:Credit
1453:Credit
1341:special
1292:funds.
1226:deficit
1222:surplus
1049:special
1039:General
1028:funds.
1020:funds,
979:Scheme.
911:program
865:deficit
523:History
417:Journal
276:Revenue
162:Accrual
3051:funds.
2568:
2502:11 May
2451:11 May
2379:, p. 5
2361:15 May
2000:
1884:Debit
1824:Debit
1769:Debit
1691:Debit
1625:Debit
1509:Debit
1450:Debit
1428:budget
1368:funds.
1214:profit
1123:agency
961:, and
869:profit
861:excess
835:FAS117
774:grants
468:Report
422:Ledger
365:Income
360:Equity
271:Profit
251:Equity
227:Assets
132:Social
97:Budget
3202:Terms
2404:(PDF)
2135:(PDF)
2059:(PDF)
2048:(PDF)
1355:trust
1337:trust
1333:trust
1224:or a
1119:trust
1101:fund.
1083:funds
839:FIN43
824:Oxfam
463:Firms
92:Audit
3120:Type
2986:and
2978:and
2566:ISBN
2504:2010
2453:2010
2434:The
2416:2018
2363:2016
2317:2018
2294:2018
2268:2018
2171:2018
2128:ACCA
1998:ISBN
1381:and
1218:loss
1216:and
1157:The
1145:and
1137:and
1065:and
1047:(or
982:The
959:gold
953:The
946:The
893:IFRS
873:loss
837:and
641:fund
232:Cash
117:Fund
102:Cost
1486:An
1121:or
871:or
863:or
851:or
670:or
137:Tax
74:Tax
3261::
2967:^
2923:^
2880:^
2853:^
2812:^
2690:^
2676:^
2604:^
2512:^
2494:.
2469:.
2439:.
2432:.
2406:.
2354:.
2343:^
2284:.
2227:.
2207:^
2179:^
2157:.
2117:^
2101:.
2083:^
2050:.
1985:^
1892:7
1832:6
1777:5
1699:4
1633:3
1517:2
1498:.
1458:1
1439:.
1385:.
1244:.
1149:.
707:.
658:,
34:on
3105:e
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3091:v
3027:.
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2572:.
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2480:.
2455:.
2418:.
2365:.
2319:.
2296:.
2270:.
2238:.
2201:.
2173:.
2143:.
2111:.
2068:.
1162:(
1069:.
613:e
606:t
599:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.