2926:
73:
1288:
1358:
1480:
96:
3222:
2982:
1408:
1278:
550:
1418:
1338:
1298:
2942:
1458:
1428:
1398:
1268:
2992:
1448:
1438:
1348:
1228:
3234:
1378:
3244:
2952:
1308:
1258:
1248:
1328:
1318:
3173:
1388:
1238:
108:
3264:
2972:
1368:
3195:
3096:
3086:
3076:
3019:
3307:
3284:
3163:
61:
3126:
3059:
1468:
159:
3212:
3143:
3185:
3106:
3029:
3294:
3009:
2184:
3254:
2962:
3116:
3049:
3039:
3153:
473:
594:
1494:
654:
Lowlands average a temperature throughout the year of 28 °C or 82.4 °F. These lower lands present a hot and drier climate, with annual precipitation less than 1,300 millimetres or 51 inches a year. The mountainous regions are characterized by low temperatures with snow on high altitude peaks and precipitation reaching more than 2,000 millimetres or 79 inches a year.
1880:*Climatological information is based on monthly averages for the 30-year period 1971-2000. The averaging period for climatological information and the definition of "Mean Number of Precipitation/Rain Days" quoted in this web site may be different for different countries. Care should be taken when city climatologies are compared.
1110:. By Law 15 of 1850, Valledupar was segregated from Santa Marta becoming the Province of Valledupar. In 1857 became a province of the State of Magdalena and by Law of December 29, 1864 became the Department of Valledupar pertaining to State of Magdalena. On December 21, 1967 the Department of Cesar was created officially.
584:
Approximately 70% of the mountain range preserves unique flora and fauna and some 20 rivers are born in the mountain range among other minor streams, flowing into the
Department of Cesar and feeding the Magdalena and Cesar river basins and the Cienaga de Zapatosa marshes. The Colombian government
653:
Climate in the
Department of Cesar presents variations in climate depending on altitude, as well as rainfall precipitations. Mountain climate in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta and the Serranía del Perijá become cooler with higher altitude, reaching freezing low temperatures on the snowy peaks.
576:
to the north and covering 27% of the total area of Cesar. The Serranía del Perijá covers, partially or totally the area of 17 municipalities in the
Department of Cesar; Aguachica, Codazzi, Becerril, Chimichagua, Chiriguana, Curumani, Gonzalez, La Gloria, La Jagua de Ibirico, Los Robles La Paz,
609:
The Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta mountain range is an isolated mountain range located in the northwestern region of the
Department of Cesar. The mountain range is shared with by Department of La Guajira, which covers the northern area, the Department of Magdalena to the western side and the
610:
Department of Cesar which covers the southern face, covering a total area of 16,615 km (1'661,500 ha) of which 380,000 ha pertain to the
Department of Cesar. The Cesar River and the western side of its basin is born on the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, including the
1019:
The region was first inhabited by indigenous peoples known as Euparíes in the Valley of Upar and
Guatapuríes in the Valley of the Cesar river, among these were the Orejones pertaining to the Tupe, Acanayutos pertaining to the
418:
The region was first inhabited by indigenous peoples known as
Euparis in the Valley of Upar and Guatapuris in the Valley of the Cesar river, among these were the Orejones pertaining to the Toupeh, Acanayutos pertaining to the
1694:"Estado de avance de los Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio en el departamento de Cesar y en la ciudad de Valledupar, (Progress on the Millennium Development Goals in the Cesar department and the city of Valledupar)"
2383:
2335:
2317:
2249:
2307:
458:. The valley that its basin covers is also named after the river and extends through most of the department. The department of Cesar was created in 1967 by decree and the name officially adopted.
2378:
2345:
2484:
2436:
2426:
2224:
2244:
2431:
2421:
2229:
2373:
1626:
2406:
2368:
2312:
2489:
2355:
2287:
2514:
2363:
2340:
1192:
2685:
2416:
2327:
2267:
1156:
2509:
2479:
2451:
2441:
2411:
2398:
2259:
2219:
511:
The majority of the
Department is flat in 57% of the total area and 43% mountainous mainly in the Serranía del Perijá and the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta mountain ranges.
2499:
2464:
3227:
2771:
1118:
From 1996 to 2006 paramilitary groups committed gross human rights violations affecting tens of thousands of victims in the Cesar mining region. Prodeco, a subsidiary of
2494:
2459:
2239:
2234:
1206:
1185:
1199:
618:, Cesarito, Los Clavos, Garupal and Rio Seco rivers. The mountains are within the boundaries of the municipalities of Pueblo Bello, Valledupar, El Copey and Bosconia.
333:
2140:
1842:
1712:
2272:
1505:
The economy of the César
Department is sustained by the agricultural sector, secondly by a services industry following with commercial industry and mining.
3352:
2026:
2678:
2906:
1812:
1791:
1767:
1585:
1693:
434:
From 1996 to 2006 paramilitary groups committed gross human rights violations affecting tens of thousands of victims in the Cesar mining region.
2671:
2145:
1630:
1608:
211:
1730:
581:
people; Iroka, Socorpa and Menkue-Misaya-La Pista; and to the Wiwas people; Caño
Padilla, El Rosario-Bella Vista-Yucatán and Campoalegre.
260:
1652:
121:
2300:
2172:
577:
Manaure, Pailitas, Pelaya, Rio de Oro, San Alberto, San Diego and San Martin. There are also the indigenous reserves pertaining to the
2847:
2723:
1479:
1202:
covering the municipalities of Curumani, Becerril, Chiriguana, La Jagua de Ibirico, Chimichagua, Tamalameque and Pailitas; and
3347:
2899:
2295:
237:
1509:
is exploited extensively (using large farms), and for this reason large portions of forests have been chopped off to create
72:
2925:
2150:
1177:
The Department of Cesar is formed by 25 municipalities, some 171 corregimientos, 990 veredas and 10 indigenous reserves.
2718:
1209:
covering the municipalities of Aguachica, Gamarra, Gonzalez, La Gloria, Pelaya, Rio de Oro, San Alberto and San Martin.
2096:
2078:
1846:
1716:
568:
mountain range covers most of the eastern side of the Department of Cesar between its border with Venezuela and the
3342:
2892:
2708:
2469:
489:
2135:
2946:
2786:
2165:
2023:
3178:
2388:
2211:
1098:
In 1813, María de la Concepción Loperena proclaimed the independence of Valledupar and donated 300 horses to
569:
501:
467:
400:
95:
2873:
2694:
1890:
1145:
1103:
532:
380:
107:
1062:
Archeological findings has shown that the indigenous in the area worked with stones and wood, including a
2504:
1806:
1785:
1761:
3269:
2597:
2524:
1589:
1361:
1172:
1955:
1031:
Spanish chronicles describe the tribes as being part of a federation of tribes led by a single chief (
87:
3337:
2158:
2537:
1291:
573:
564:
524:
485:
384:
65:
3090:
2915:
2733:
2474:
2191:
1107:
1039:
as the largest and central to the other villages. These tribes are believed to be related to the
505:
493:
396:
388:
372:
321:
60:
43:
2976:
2741:
1612:
1188:
covering the municipalities of Valledupar, Codazzi, Pueblo Bello, La Paz, Manaure and San Diego;
2042:
1999:
1734:
20:
643:
3130:
2761:
2277:
497:
392:
3199:
3100:
3080:
3023:
2986:
2756:
2746:
3238:
3216:
3147:
2956:
2766:
1180:
For administrative reasons the Department of Cesar is subdivided into 4 strategic regions:
1082:
savagely conquered the region in 1531. In 1550 the village of Valle de Upar was founded by
183:
3288:
3167:
2996:
2642:
2622:
2180:
1451:
1411:
1079:
428:
8:
3189:
3110:
3033:
2827:
2804:
1570:
1087:
1083:
540:
193:
171:
3221:
3063:
1078:
The first European to explore the area was Spanish Captain Pedro de Vadillo, but German
484:
The department of Cesar is located in northern Colombia bordering to the north with the
3298:
2663:
2632:
1542:
1431:
1287:
1099:
427:. The first European to explore the area was Spanish Captain Peter Vadillo, but German
2587:
1357:
1341:
3258:
3013:
2966:
2627:
2092:
2074:
1974:
1421:
1067:
549:
1696:(in Spanish). PNUD Colombia – Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina. January 2012.
3248:
3120:
3043:
2776:
2637:
2592:
1970:
The dark side of coal paramilitary violence in the mining region of Cesar, Colombia
1578:
1498:
1441:
1351:
1123:
443:
367:
176:
2981:
1407:
1277:
3157:
2991:
2128:
2030:
1816:
1795:
1771:
1566:
1558:
611:
536:
1827:
1417:
1337:
1297:
3233:
2951:
2602:
2582:
2577:
2024:
Government of Colombia: Human Rights in the Department of Cesar; municipalities
1669:
1371:
1331:
1321:
1025:
1021:
615:
424:
420:
283:
2941:
1978:
1860:
1457:
1427:
1397:
1267:
3331:
3172:
2713:
2542:
1447:
1241:
1052:
1044:
314:
136:
123:
2562:
1437:
1347:
1281:
1227:
3243:
2822:
2814:
2794:
2617:
1968:
1401:
1377:
1307:
1257:
1247:
3263:
2884:
1327:
1317:
2971:
2842:
2799:
2647:
2557:
1518:
1514:
1461:
1387:
1367:
1271:
1237:
1040:
528:
477:
455:
408:
2832:
2567:
1301:
3194:
3095:
3085:
3075:
3018:
2857:
2652:
2202:
1545:. Services are centered on commerce and the industry is represented by
1530:
1471:
1126:
collaborated with the paramilitaries in order to continue coal mining.
602:
412:
198:
3306:
3283:
3162:
1897:. Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadísitica. Archived from
1195:
covering the municipalities of Bosconia, El Copey, El Paso and Astrea;
3125:
3058:
2852:
2532:
1467:
1231:
1063:
520:
404:
297:
3311:
3211:
3142:
1831:
UNESCO: Buritaca 200 - Ciudad Perdida - Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta
1577:) along with the Cesar river. It has a great potential to develop a
3184:
3105:
3028:
2837:
2607:
2572:
2552:
2547:
1810:
Government of the Department of Cesar: Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta
1562:
1534:
1506:
1381:
1311:
1261:
1251:
1119:
376:
309:
164:
3293:
1845:(in Spanish). Agustin Codazzi Geographic Institute. Archived from
1715:(in Spanish). Agustin Codazzi Geographic Institute. Archived from
3253:
3008:
2961:
1538:
1048:
1032:
3115:
3048:
3038:
1898:
3152:
2612:
2107:
Culturas Aborigenes Cesarences e Independencia de Valle de Upar
1522:
1510:
1391:
622:
302:
588:
472:
343:
1574:
1056:
593:
578:
543:
1554:
1526:
1493:
572:, approximately 300 km in length penetrating into the
289:
1789:
Government of the Department of Cesar: Serrania del Perija
1550:
1546:
2693:
557:
1765:
Government of the Department of Cesar: The Territory
1670:"Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab"
1073:
2104:
1943:
1931:
1919:
2068:
621:The Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta was declared by
454:("calm water") into Spanish, in reference to the
3329:
2136:INGEOMINAS: Geography of the Department of Cesar
1781:
1779:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1592:is the major coal-producing region of Colombia.
633:
1055:culture in the Colombian eastern branch of the
2146:Forced displacement in the Department of Cesar
1997:
1949:
638:
403:, and further to the east with the country of
2900:
2679:
2166:
2086:
2058:
1776:
1748:
216:Francis Ferdinand Ovalle Angarita (2016-2019)
2043:"Mining Atlas - Explore the World of Mining"
1853:
1662:
1569:crosses the Department and helps create the
628:
625:as a Biosphere Reserve on October 29, 1993.
2914:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1161:
589:Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta mountain range
442:The "Cesar" name is an adaptation from the
379:located in the north of the country in the
3353:States and territories established in 1967
2907:
2893:
2686:
2672:
2173:
2159:
2109:, Bogotá: Casa de la Cultura de Valledupar
2091:, Colombia: Proyecto Editorial Babilonia,
1134:
1686:
1653:"Producto Interno Bruto por departamento"
553:Cerro Pintao and the Serranía del Perijá.
508:covering a total area of 22,905 km.
500:and to the south with the departments of
2069:Gutierrez Hinojosa, Tomas Dario (2000),
1700:
1557:derived products. As one of the biggest
1492:
592:
548:
471:
26:Department in Caribbean Region, Colombia
1611:. Gobernación del Cesar. Archived from
585:declared it a National Forest Reserve.
431:savagely conquered the region in 1532.
3330:
2123:- Gobernacion del Cesar (1997) booklet
2059:Dangon Ovalle, Jaime (November 1987),
1150:
946:
519:The Department of Cesar contains five
229:22,905 km (8,844 sq mi)
2888:
2667:
2154:
1066:shaped weapon found in a cemetery at
366:
2695:Departments of the North of Colombia
2063:, Valledupar: Departamento del Cesar
1966:
1956:LABLAA: Department of Cesar; History
1861:"Worldweather: Valledupar, Colombia"
1843:"Climate of the Department of Cesar"
2105:Castro Trespalacios, Pedro (1979),
2073:, Bogotá: Editorial Grijalbo LTDA,
1960:
1731:"LABLAA - Luis Galvis: Don Gonzalo"
1609:"Departamento: Información general"
13:
2141:Poverty in the Department of Cesar
1024:and Alcoholados pertaining to the
941:
558:Serranía del Perijá mountain range
535:mountain range, the valley of the
527:mountain range, the valley of the
423:and Alcoholades pertaining to the
411:). The department capital city is
383:, bordering to the north with the
14:
3364:
2114:
2071:Valledupar Musica de una Historia
1166:
1093:
1074:Spanish conquest and colonization
480:basin in the department of Cesar.
3305:
3292:
3282:
3262:
3252:
3242:
3232:
3220:
3210:
3193:
3183:
3171:
3161:
3151:
3141:
3124:
3114:
3104:
3094:
3084:
3074:
3057:
3047:
3037:
3027:
3017:
3007:
2990:
2980:
2970:
2960:
2950:
2940:
2924:
2182:
2087:Araujonoguera, Consuelo (2002),
1497:Ciénaga de la Zapatosa marsh by
1478:
1466:
1456:
1446:
1436:
1426:
1416:
1406:
1396:
1386:
1376:
1366:
1356:
1346:
1336:
1326:
1316:
1306:
1296:
1286:
1276:
1266:
1256:
1246:
1236:
1226:
1014:
490:Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
157:
106:
94:
71:
59:
2313:Superior Tribunal of Valledupar
2035:
2017:
1991:
1937:
1925:
1913:
1883:
1874:
1835:
1821:
1800:
1723:
1645:
1619:
1601:
1565:, if not America, part of the
1102:. In 1829 Valledupar became a
1:
2052:
2000:"Blutige Kohle aus Kolumbien"
1998:Deutsche Welle (2014-07-09).
1113:
1051:, directly associated to the
850:Average rainfall mm (inches)
634:Valley of the Magdalena river
570:Department of North Santander
514:
468:Geography of Cesar Department
401:Department of North Santander
3348:Caribbean region of Colombia
2874:Caribbean region of Colombia
1967:Moor, Marianne (June 2014).
1733:(in Spanish). Archived from
1157:Department Assembly of Cesar
1146:Governor of Cesar Department
1139:
661:Climate data for Valledupar
599:Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta
533:Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta
496:, to the southwest with the
461:
437:
112:Topography of the department
7:
2384:Water supply and sanitation
1501:, southern Cesar Department
1129:
780:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
710:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
639:Cienaga de Zapatosa marshes
10:
3369:
1488:
1173:Municipalities of Colombia
1170:
1154:
1143:
927:
919:
660:
648:
465:
18:
2931:
2922:
2866:
2813:
2785:
2732:
2701:
2523:
2450:
2397:
2354:
2326:
2286:
2258:
2210:
2198:
2121:Cesar 30 Años de Progreso
1770:October 23, 2007, at the
1007:
959:—
849:
779:
709:
704:
701:
698:
695:
692:
689:
686:
683:
680:
677:
674:
671:
668:
665:
629:Valley of the Cesar river
339:
320:
308:
296:
279:
274:
266:
256:
248:
243:
233:
225:
220:
209:
204:
192:
182:
170:
152:
117:
105:
93:
85:
55:
50:
41:
31:
2724:Administrative divisions
1944:Castro Trespalacios 1979
1932:Castro Trespalacios 1979
1920:Castro Trespalacios 1979
1595:
1162:Administrative divisions
574:Department of La Guajira
486:department of La Guajira
385:Department of La Guajira
35:
3343:Departments of Colombia
2916:Departments of Colombia
2061:El Cesar, Hijo del Amor
1815:March 27, 2009, at the
1794:March 27, 2009, at the
1135:Government and politics
1108:Province of Santa Marta
1035:), with the village of
494:department of Magdalena
492:, to the west with the
488:, to the east with the
399:, to the east with the
397:Department of Santander
389:Department of Magdalena
387:, to the west with the
51:Department of the Cesar
3303:Capital district:
2301:Department Secretaries
1502:
1193:Northwestern Subregion
606:
554:
481:
364:Spanish pronunciation:
356:Departamento del Cesar
355:
270:52/km (140/sq mi)
36:Departamento del Cesar
21:Cesar (disambiguation)
16:Department of Colombia
2815:Departmental capitals
2278:History of Valledupar
2029:May 29, 2008, at the
1674:hdi.globaldatalab.org
1496:
933:Historical population
596:
552:
498:Department of Bolivar
475:
393:Department of Bolivar
2250:Environmental issues
1891:"Reloj de Población"
1633:on November 13, 2009
1615:on 17 February 2013.
920:Source: Weatherbase
395:, to the south with
267: • Density
100:Cesar shown in green
19:For other uses, see
2598:La Jagua de Ibirico
2336:Political movements
2318:Military and police
2308:Department Assembly
2273:Province of Padilla
1863:. Weatherbase. 2008
1849:on 24 October 2003.
1719:on 24 October 2003.
1590:La Jagua de Ibirico
1571:Cienaga de Zapatosa
1362:La Jagua de Ibirico
1151:Department Assembly
1088:Juan de Castellanos
1084:Hernando de Santana
934:
644:Ciénaga de Zapatosa
565:Serranía del Perijá
541:Cienaga de Zapatosa
525:Serranía del Perijá
344:www.gobcesar.gov.co
133: /
2379:Illegal drug trade
2346:Political scandals
2089:Trilogia Vallenata
1901:on 16 January 2018
1713:"History of Cesar"
1503:
1207:Southern Subregion
1186:Northern Subregion
932:
607:
555:
482:
280: • Total
249: • Total
226: • Total
3325:
3324:
3320:
3319:
2882:
2881:
2661:
2660:
2628:Los Robles La Paz
2427:Energy and mining
1584:The area between
1486:
1485:
1422:Los Robles La Paz
1200:Central Subregion
1080:Ambrosio Alfínger
1068:Los Robles La Paz
1012:
1011:
924:
923:
349:
348:
257: • Rank
234: • Rank
137:10.483°N 73.250°W
3360:
3338:Cesar Department
3309:
3296:
3286:
3272:
3266:
3256:
3246:
3236:
3230:
3224:
3214:
3197:
3187:
3181:
3175:
3165:
3155:
3145:
3128:
3118:
3108:
3098:
3088:
3078:
3061:
3051:
3041:
3031:
3021:
3011:
2994:
2984:
2974:
2964:
2954:
2944:
2934:
2933:
2928:
2909:
2902:
2895:
2886:
2885:
2688:
2681:
2674:
2665:
2664:
2187:
2186:
2185:
2175:
2168:
2161:
2152:
2151:
2132:
2131:
2129:Official website
2110:
2101:
2083:
2064:
2047:
2046:
2039:
2033:
2021:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2011:
1995:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1985:
1964:
1958:
1953:
1947:
1941:
1935:
1929:
1923:
1917:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1887:
1881:
1878:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1868:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1839:
1833:
1830:
1825:
1819:
1809:
1804:
1798:
1788:
1783:
1774:
1764:
1759:
1746:
1745:
1743:
1742:
1727:
1721:
1720:
1709:
1698:
1697:
1690:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1680:
1666:
1660:
1659:
1649:
1643:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1629:. Archived from
1623:
1617:
1616:
1605:
1579:fishing industry
1482:
1470:
1460:
1450:
1440:
1430:
1420:
1410:
1400:
1390:
1380:
1370:
1360:
1350:
1340:
1330:
1320:
1310:
1300:
1290:
1280:
1270:
1260:
1250:
1240:
1230:
1213:
1212:
1124:Drummond Company
948:
943:
935:
931:
658:
657:
446:indigenous word
429:Ambrose Alfinger
381:Caribbean region
370:
368:[seˈsaɾ]
365:
352:Cesar Department
331:
177:Caribbean Region
163:
161:
160:
148:
147:
145:
144:
143:
138:
134:
131:
130:
129:
126:
110:
98:
75:
63:
33:Cesar Department
29:
28:
3368:
3367:
3363:
3362:
3361:
3359:
3358:
3357:
3328:
3327:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3315:
3304:
3302:
3301:
3291:
3276:
3275:
3273:
3270:Valle del Cauca
3268:
3261:
3251:
3241:
3231:
3226:
3219:
3204:
3203:
3192:
3182:
3177:
3170:
3160:
3150:
3135:
3134:
3123:
3113:
3103:
3093:
3083:
3068:
3067:
3056:
3046:
3036:
3026:
3016:
3001:
3000:
2989:
2979:
2969:
2959:
2949:
2929:
2918:
2913:
2883:
2878:
2862:
2809:
2781:
2728:
2697:
2692:
2662:
2657:
2538:Agustín Codazzi
2519:
2446:
2393:
2350:
2322:
2282:
2254:
2245:Protected areas
2206:
2194:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2127:
2126:
2117:
2099:
2081:
2055:
2050:
2041:
2040:
2036:
2031:Wayback Machine
2022:
2018:
2009:
2007:
1996:
1992:
1983:
1981:
1965:
1961:
1954:
1950:
1942:
1938:
1930:
1926:
1918:
1914:
1904:
1902:
1889:
1888:
1884:
1879:
1875:
1866:
1864:
1859:
1858:
1854:
1841:
1840:
1836:
1828:
1826:
1822:
1817:Wayback Machine
1807:
1805:
1801:
1796:Wayback Machine
1786:
1784:
1777:
1772:Wayback Machine
1762:
1760:
1749:
1740:
1738:
1729:
1728:
1724:
1711:
1710:
1701:
1692:
1691:
1687:
1678:
1676:
1668:
1667:
1663:
1657:www.dane.gov.co
1651:
1650:
1646:
1636:
1634:
1625:
1624:
1620:
1607:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1567:Magdalena River
1559:water resources
1491:
1216:Municipalities
1175:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1153:
1148:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1116:
1096:
1076:
1017:
930:
925:
914:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
854:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
819:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
651:
641:
636:
631:
591:
560:
537:Magdalena River
517:
502:North Santander
470:
464:
440:
363:
329:
328:
287:
158:
156:
142:10.483; -73.250
141:
139:
135:
132:
127:
124:
122:
120:
119:
113:
101:
88:Himno del Cesar
81:
80:
79:
78:
69:
68:
46:
37:
34:
27:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3366:
3356:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3323:
3322:
3318:
3317:
3280:
3279:
3277:
3208:
3207:
3205:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3005:
3004:
3002:
2938:
2937:
2932:
2930:
2923:
2920:
2919:
2912:
2911:
2904:
2897:
2889:
2880:
2879:
2877:
2876:
2870:
2868:
2864:
2863:
2861:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2819:
2817:
2811:
2810:
2808:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2791:
2789:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2738:
2736:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2705:
2703:
2699:
2698:
2691:
2690:
2683:
2676:
2668:
2659:
2658:
2656:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2529:
2527:
2525:Municipalities
2521:
2520:
2518:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2456:
2454:
2448:
2447:
2445:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2432:Transportation
2429:
2424:
2422:Communications
2419:
2414:
2409:
2403:
2401:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2360:
2358:
2352:
2351:
2349:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2332:
2330:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2304:
2303:
2292:
2290:
2284:
2283:
2281:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2264:
2262:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2216:
2214:
2208:
2207:
2199:
2196:
2195:
2178:
2177:
2170:
2163:
2155:
2149:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2124:
2116:
2115:External links
2113:
2112:
2111:
2102:
2097:
2084:
2079:
2066:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2048:
2034:
2016:
1990:
1959:
1948:
1936:
1924:
1912:
1882:
1873:
1852:
1834:
1820:
1799:
1775:
1747:
1722:
1699:
1685:
1661:
1644:
1618:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1507:Cattle raising
1490:
1487:
1484:
1483:
1476:
1475:
1474:
1464:
1454:
1444:
1434:
1424:
1414:
1404:
1394:
1384:
1374:
1364:
1354:
1344:
1334:
1324:
1314:
1304:
1294:
1284:
1274:
1264:
1254:
1244:
1234:
1221:
1220:
1217:
1211:
1210:
1203:
1196:
1189:
1168:
1167:Municipalities
1165:
1163:
1160:
1155:Main article:
1152:
1149:
1144:Main article:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1115:
1112:
1095:
1094:Republican era
1092:
1075:
1072:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1005:
1004:
1001:
998:
994:
993:
990:
987:
983:
982:
979:
976:
972:
971:
968:
965:
961:
960:
957:
954:
950:
949:
944:
939:
929:
926:
922:
921:
917:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
847:
846:
841:
836:
831:
826:
821:
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
791:
786:
781:
777:
776:
771:
766:
761:
756:
751:
746:
741:
736:
731:
726:
721:
716:
711:
707:
706:
703:
700:
697:
694:
691:
688:
685:
682:
679:
676:
673:
670:
667:
663:
662:
656:
650:
647:
640:
637:
635:
632:
630:
627:
590:
587:
559:
556:
516:
513:
466:Main article:
463:
460:
439:
436:
347:
346:
341:
337:
336:
325:
318:
317:
312:
306:
305:
300:
294:
293:
286:37,524 billion
281:
277:
276:
272:
271:
268:
264:
263:
258:
254:
253:
250:
246:
245:
241:
240:
235:
231:
230:
227:
223:
222:
218:
217:
214:
207:
206:
202:
201:
196:
190:
189:
186:
180:
179:
174:
168:
167:
154:
150:
149:
115:
114:
111:
103:
102:
99:
91:
90:
83:
82:
76:
70:
64:
58:
57:
56:
53:
52:
48:
47:
42:
39:
38:
32:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3365:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3335:
3333:
3314:
3313:
3308:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3278:
3274:
3271:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3229:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3206:
3202:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3180:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3137:
3133:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3070:
3066:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3003:
2999:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2936:
2935:
2927:
2921:
2917:
2910:
2905:
2903:
2898:
2896:
2891:
2890:
2887:
2875:
2872:
2871:
2869:
2865:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2816:
2812:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2784:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2772:Saint Andrews
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2731:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2706:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2689:
2684:
2682:
2677:
2675:
2670:
2669:
2666:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2526:
2522:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2457:
2455:
2453:
2449:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2400:
2396:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2357:
2353:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2333:
2331:
2329:
2325:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2302:
2299:
2298:
2297:
2294:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2285:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2265:
2263:
2261:
2257:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2204:
2197:
2193:
2190:
2176:
2171:
2169:
2164:
2162:
2157:
2156:
2153:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2130:
2125:
2122:
2119:
2118:
2108:
2103:
2100:
2098:958-33-3360-3
2094:
2090:
2085:
2082:
2080:958-639-175-2
2076:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2056:
2044:
2038:
2032:
2028:
2025:
2020:
2005:
2001:
1994:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1971:
1963:
1957:
1952:
1945:
1940:
1933:
1928:
1921:
1916:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1886:
1877:
1862:
1856:
1848:
1844:
1838:
1832:
1824:
1818:
1814:
1811:
1803:
1797:
1793:
1790:
1782:
1780:
1773:
1769:
1766:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1752:
1737:on 2009-09-14
1736:
1732:
1726:
1718:
1714:
1708:
1706:
1704:
1695:
1689:
1675:
1671:
1665:
1658:
1654:
1648:
1632:
1628:
1622:
1614:
1610:
1604:
1600:
1593:
1591:
1587:
1582:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1500:
1495:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1224:
1223:
1222:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1208:
1204:
1201:
1197:
1194:
1190:
1187:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1178:
1174:
1158:
1147:
1127:
1125:
1122:, and the US
1121:
1111:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1100:Simón Bolívar
1091:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1071:
1069:
1065:
1060:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1043:culture, the
1042:
1038:
1034:
1029:
1027:
1023:
1015:Pre-Columbian
1006:
1002:
999:
996:
995:
991:
988:
985:
984:
980:
977:
974:
973:
969:
966:
963:
962:
958:
955:
952:
951:
945:
940:
937:
936:
918:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
848:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
778:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
747:
742:
737:
732:
727:
722:
717:
712:
708:
664:
659:
655:
646:
645:
626:
624:
619:
617:
613:
604:
601:as seen from
600:
595:
586:
582:
580:
575:
571:
567:
566:
551:
547:
545:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
512:
509:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
479:
474:
469:
459:
457:
453:
449:
445:
435:
432:
430:
426:
422:
416:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
369:
361:
357:
353:
345:
342:
338:
335:
326:
323:
319:
316:
313:
311:
310:ISO 3166 code
307:
304:
301:
299:
295:
291:
285:
282:
278:
273:
269:
265:
262:
259:
255:
251:
247:
242:
239:
236:
232:
228:
224:
219:
215:
213:
210: •
208:
203:
200:
197:
195:
191:
188:December 1967
187:
185:
181:
178:
175:
173:
169:
166:
155:
151:
146:
118:Coordinates:
116:
109:
104:
97:
92:
89:
84:
74:
67:
62:
54:
49:
45:
40:
30:
22:
3281:
3209:
3179:N. Santander
3140:
3091:Cundinamarca
3073:
3053:
3006:
2939:
2823:Barranquilla
2795:Barranquilla
2787:Major cities
2751:
2719:Demographics
2618:Pueblo Bello
2470:Architecture
2374:Human rights
2201:
2188:
2120:
2106:
2088:
2070:
2060:
2037:
2019:
2008:. Retrieved
2003:
1993:
1982:. Retrieved
1969:
1962:
1951:
1946:, p. 21
1939:
1934:, p. 23
1927:
1922:, p. 22
1915:
1903:. Retrieved
1899:the original
1894:
1885:
1876:
1865:. Retrieved
1855:
1847:the original
1837:
1829:(in Spanish)
1823:
1808:(in Spanish)
1802:
1787:(in Spanish)
1763:(in Spanish)
1739:. Retrieved
1735:the original
1725:
1717:the original
1688:
1677:. Retrieved
1673:
1664:
1656:
1647:
1637:February 13,
1635:. Retrieved
1631:the original
1621:
1613:the original
1603:
1583:
1547:oil products
1504:
1402:Pueblo Bello
1179:
1176:
1117:
1097:
1077:
1061:
1041:Mesoamerican
1036:
1030:
1018:
652:
642:
620:
608:
598:
583:
563:
561:
518:
510:
483:
451:
447:
441:
433:
417:
359:
358:) or simply
351:
350:
292:8.8 billion)
77:Coat of arms
2843:Santa Marta
2800:Santa Marta
2734:Departments
2648:Tamalameque
2633:San Alberto
2558:Chimichagua
2407:Agriculture
2369:Health care
2006:(in German)
1519:plantations
1515:agriculture
1462:Tamalameque
1432:San Alberto
1272:Chimichagua
614:, Badillo,
529:Cesar River
478:Cesar River
456:Cesar River
409:Zulia State
184:Established
140: /
3332:Categories
3228:San Andrés
3131:La Guajira
2858:Valledupar
2848:San Andrés
2653:Valledupar
2643:San Martín
2623:Rio de Oro
2563:Chiriguaná
2490:Literature
2356:Demography
2288:Government
2203:Valledupar
2192:Department
2053:References
2010:2022-04-28
1984:2022-04-28
1979:1176254365
1867:2008-04-08
1741:2008-04-09
1679:2018-09-13
1573:(Zapatosa
1531:sugar cane
1472:Valledupar
1452:San Martín
1412:Rio de Oro
1282:Chiriguaná
1171:See also:
1114:Modern era
603:Valledupar
521:Ecoregions
515:Ecoregions
413:Valledupar
373:department
354:(Spanish:
334:21st of 33
244:Population
205:Government
199:Valledupar
44:Department
3239:Santander
3217:Risaralda
3148:Magdalena
2977:Atlántico
2957:Antioquia
2853:Sincelejo
2828:Cartagena
2805:Cartagena
2767:Magdalena
2742:Atlantico
2714:Geography
2638:San Diego
2593:La Gloria
2533:Aguachica
2515:Mythology
2485:Languages
2437:Companies
2389:Education
2364:Migration
2225:Mountains
2212:Geography
2200:Capital:
1561:areas of
1499:La Gloria
1442:San Diego
1352:La Gloria
1232:Aguachica
1140:Governors
1064:boomerang
1000:1,200,574
612:Guatapuri
546:complex.
506:Santander
462:Geography
448:Chet-tzar
438:Etymology
405:Venezuela
298:Time zone
252:1,200,574
3190:Putumayo
3111:Guaviare
3034:Casanare
2947:Amazonas
2867:See Also
2838:Riohacha
2833:Montería
2608:Pailitas
2588:González
2573:El Copey
2568:Curumaní
2553:Bosconia
2548:Becerril
2417:Taxation
2341:Election
2328:Politics
2296:Governor
2268:Timeline
2027:Archived
1813:Archived
1792:Archived
1768:Archived
1563:Colombia
1543:plantain
1535:oil palm
1382:Pailitas
1342:González
1312:El Copey
1302:Curumaní
1262:Bosconia
1252:Becerril
1130:Politics
1120:Glencore
616:Ariguani
539:and the
377:Colombia
212:Governor
165:Colombia
86:Anthem:
3299:Vichada
3200:Quindío
3101:Guainía
3081:Córdoba
3024:Caquetá
2987:Bolívar
2762:Guajira
2757:Córdoba
2747:Bolívar
2709:Culture
2603:Manaure
2583:Gamarra
2578:El Paso
2510:Symbols
2505:Tourism
2480:Cuisine
2452:Culture
2442:Poverty
2412:Banking
2399:Economy
2260:History
2220:Climate
1586:La Loma
1539:cassava
1511:corrals
1489:Economy
1372:Manaure
1332:Gamarra
1322:El Paso
1292:Codazzi
1106:of the
1049:Arawaks
1033:Cacique
1026:Chimila
1022:Motilon
1008:Source:
989:903,279
978:827,219
970:+105.3%
967:699,428
956:340,657
928:History
915:(38.3)
845:(74.3)
840:(73.0)
835:(73.6)
830:(74.5)
825:(74.3)
820:(75.2)
815:(75.6)
810:(75.2)
805:(75.4)
800:(75.4)
795:(74.5)
790:(73.6)
785:(72.3)
775:(93.6)
770:(92.5)
765:(91.8)
760:(90.7)
755:(92.8)
750:(95.2)
745:(95.7)
740:(93.6)
735:(93.2)
730:(96.1)
725:(96.6)
720:(96.1)
715:(94.5)
649:Climate
544:marshes
444:Chimila
425:Chimila
421:Motilon
371:) is a
340:Website
194:Capital
153:Country
128:73°15′W
125:10°29′N
3312:Bogotá
3310:
3297:
3289:Vaupés
3287:
3267:
3259:Tolima
3257:
3247:
3237:
3225:
3215:
3198:
3188:
3176:
3168:Nariño
3166:
3156:
3146:
3129:
3119:
3109:
3099:
3089:
3079:
3062:
3052:
3042:
3032:
3022:
3014:Caldas
3012:
2997:Boyacá
2995:
2985:
2975:
2967:Arauca
2965:
2955:
2945:
2702:Topics
2613:Pelaya
2543:Astrea
2500:Sports
2465:Dances
2230:Rivers
2095:
2077:
2004:DW.COM
1977:
1905:6 July
1627:"DANE"
1581:also.
1523:cotton
1392:Pelaya
1242:Astrea
1104:Cantón
1090:.<
1053:Muisca
1045:Caribs
1037:Eupari
1003:+32.9%
981:+18.3%
910:(1.1)
905:(3.5)
900:(7.8)
895:(4.8)
890:(4.6)
885:(2.5)
880:(3.2)
875:(6.1)
870:(2.8)
865:(1.0)
860:(0.4)
855:(0.5)
666:Month
623:UNESCO
579:Yukpas
531:, the
523:; the
452:Zazare
324:(2019)
315:CO-CES
303:UTC-05
172:Region
162:
3249:Sucre
3121:Huila
3064:Chocó
3054:Cesar
3044:Cauca
2777:Sucre
2752:Cesar
2495:Media
2460:Music
2240:Flora
2235:Fauna
2189:Cesar
1596:Notes
1575:Marsh
1513:. In
1057:Andes
997:2018
992:+9.2%
986:2005
975:1993
964:1985
953:1973
705:Year
360:Cesar
327:0.729
3158:Meta
2093:ISBN
2075:ISBN
1975:OCLC
1907:2017
1895:DANE
1639:2013
1588:and
1555:milk
1553:and
1551:fats
1541:and
1527:rice
1219:Map
1205:the
1198:the
1191:the
1184:the
1086:and
1047:and
942:Pop.
938:Year
843:23.6
838:22.8
833:23.1
828:23.6
823:23.5
818:24.0
813:24.2
808:24.0
803:24.1
798:24.1
793:23.6
788:23.1
783:22.4
773:35.1
768:33.6
763:33.2
758:32.6
753:33.8
748:35.1
743:35.4
738:34.2
733:34.0
728:35.6
723:35.9
718:35.6
713:34.7
702:Dec
699:Nov
696:Oct
693:Sep
690:Aug
687:Jul
684:Jun
681:May
678:Apr
675:Mar
672:Feb
669:Jan
597:The
562:The
504:and
476:The
391:and
330:high
290:US$
261:16th
238:22nd
221:Area
66:Flag
2475:Art
1521:of
913:972
898:199
893:122
888:116
873:154
450:or
375:of
322:HDI
284:COP
275:GDP
3334::
2002:.
1973:.
1893:.
1778:^
1750:^
1702:^
1672:.
1655:,
1549:,
1537:,
1533:,
1529:,
1525:,
1517:,
1070:.
1059:.
1028:.
947:±%
908:28
903:89
883:63
878:82
868:71
863:26
858:10
853:12
415:.
332:·
2908:e
2901:t
2894:v
2687:e
2680:t
2673:v
2174:e
2167:t
2160:v
2065:.
2045:.
2013:.
1987:.
1909:.
1870:.
1744:.
1682:.
1641:.
605:.
407:(
362:(
288:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.svg)
.svg)
