728:
610:
2331:
525:
lines five times, only landing between each flight to replenish with bombs. Another day he took on single-handed five enemy machines, and drove down three of them—a most gallant and splendid feat. On another day, despite thick mist, he registered one of our batteries on an enemy battery, causing the destruction of one pit and obtaining one fire and two explosions; and another day, flying for 5 1/4 hours, he carried out two very successful counter-battery shoots, observing 350 rounds. He has always set a most magnificent example to the squadron under his command.
918:
925:
33:
773:
1821:
697:
747:
In early 1944, Portal's view of strategic bombing changed; he felt that bombers could also play a more auxiliary role in the allied offensive. (Much of what is known about Portal's thinking is based on memoranda he wrote.) He argued for the new approach on the basis of the huge increase in the size
524:
For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty. During a period of four months, chiefly under adverse weather conditions, he repeatedly carried out successful raids by day and night, his ingenuity and daring enabling him to drop many tons of bombs on important enemy posts. One night he crossed the
676:
to establish their own Army Air Arm. Portal successfully persuaded both the Army and the Navy that the RAF could adequately look after their needs. The second issue Portal had to resolve was the need for a renewed strategic bombing offensive. In August 1941 he received a report on the relative
515:
For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty. For many months he has done magnificent work in co-operation with the artillery. During an attack he succeeded in silencing nine active hostile batteries, ranging our artillery. His splendid example has been of the greatest
868:
of the US, won the takeover battle, and in the process, rewrote the way the city of London conducted its business in relation to shareholders and investors. Stedeford replaced Portal as
Chairman of British Aluminium. In 1960 Portal was elected chairman of the
752:
by night of all German cities with populations exceeding 100,000. Portal thought that the resulting damage to the German war effort and civilian morale would lead to victory within six months. A second memorandum in 1945 made a similar argument.
897:
In July 1919, Portal married Joan
Margaret Welby (1898–1996); they had a son (who died at birth) and two daughters. The viscountcy died with him but he was succeeded in the barony according to the special remainder by his elder daughter,
328:
to establish their own Army Air Arm. Portal retired from the RAF following the end of the war. He served as
Controller of Production (Atomic Energy) at the Ministry of Supply for six years. Portal was then made chairman of
498:
For conspicuous gallantry in action. He has done excellent artillery work in the air, often in bad weather and at low altitudes; he has always set his flight the best of examples. On one occasion he shot down a hostile
3233:
3173:
677:
inefficiency of RAF daytime raids and proposals for area bombing by night: to implement the proposals he determined that a new leader was required and replaced the chief of bomber command, Air Chief
Marshal
720:; but when their control reverted to the Combined Chiefs, Portal still advocated area bombing of German cities instead of specific targets, such as Axis oil production facilities. He was promoted to
764:
a few weeks earlier. Churchill subsequently distanced himself from the bombing writing that "the destruction of
Dresden remains a serious query against the conduct of Allied Bombing".
3238:
727:
1881:
712:
selected him to coordinate the bomber forces of both the United States and
Britain in a combined bomber offensive over Germany. The forces were transferred to U.S. General
3253:
3213:
3188:
3183:
3218:
3178:
3163:
3158:
2955:
3168:
3138:
3113:
3193:
3223:
2110:
899:
3228:
3203:
3133:
3118:
2912:
794:, with remainder, failing male issue of his own, to his daughters and their male heirs. On 8 February 1946 he was further honoured when he was made
664:(made permanent in April 1942). He continued in this capacity for the remainder of the war. The first issue he had to resolve was an attempt by the
2140:
2459:
3128:
3093:
731:
Seated in May 1943 around a conference table aboard the SS QUEEN MARY are, left to right: Air
Marshal Sir Charles Portal, Admiral of the Fleet
943:
Argent a lion rampant Sable between a fleur-de-lys Azure and a rose Gules barbed and seeded Proper on a chief of the third an astral crown Or.
2991:
1805:
645:
against German industrial areas, the same sort of targets that the
Luftwaffe was already targeting in the United Kingdom. He was advanced to
3198:
2691:
2686:
2681:
830:
450:(RFC). He served first as an observer and then, from November 1915, as a flying officer. He graduated as a pilot in April 1916, and joined
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
686:
241:
197:
193:
3083:
609:
3153:
2362:
646:
3123:
3098:
2618:
2250:
3248:
2613:
2149:
1963:
807:
657:
305:
138:
1722:
3148:
2608:
2270:
2170:
2160:
3208:
3243:
3108:
2996:
2133:
1824:
736:
704:
Portal accompanied
Churchill to all the great conferences and made a good impression on Americans. In January 1943, at the
3011:
2960:
2896:
2707:
597:
on 1 January 1935, he joined the
Directing Staff at the Imperial Defence College in January 1936. Portal was promoted to
483:
381:
2265:
1660:
622:
1775:
Portal of Hungerford: The Life of Marshal of the Royal Air Force, Viscount Portal of Hungerford, KG, GCB, OM, DSO, MC.
3103:
3021:
2919:
2917:
1786:
1767:
234:
2950:
2230:
842:
578:
547:
3088:
3006:
2205:
2126:
1973:
784:
In 1945, after the war's end, Portal retired from the RAF and on 12 October 1945 he was raised to the peerage as
554:
in 1922, before joining the air staff conducting flying operations in the home sector in April 1923. Promoted to
949:
Dexter a pilot of the Royal Air Force, sinister a mechanic of the Royal Air Force, both in service dress Proper.
3143:
3047:
2927:
2923:
2722:
2444:
2195:
1956:
1901:
837:
material, said later, "I cannot remember that he ever did anything that helped us." He attended the funeral of
721:
593:
in February 1934, in which role he tried to control the local tribesmen by use of an air blockade. Promoted to
559:
436:
226:
128:
2901:
2355:
2215:
2084:
2071:
641:
in April 1940 and promoted to the substantive rank of air marshal on 1 July 1940. Portal advocated strategic
308:, and remained in this post for the rest of the war. During his time as Chief he continuously supported the
2945:
2519:
2371:
2340:
2053:
870:
815:
799:
479:
467:
342:
248:
201:
2975:
1874:
504:
459:
424:
286:
285:, and rose to become first a flight commander and then a squadron commander, flying light bombers on the
255:
205:
601:
on 1 July 1937 before being appointed Director of Organization at the Air Ministry on 1 September 1937.
399:
but he did not finish his degree and he left undergraduate life to enlist as a private soldier in 1914.
2100:
1778:
786:
581:
in 1929 and became deputy director of Plans in the Directorate of Operations & Intelligence at the
551:
1476:
613:
Air Chief Marshal Portal standing by a staff car outside Air Ministry buildings in London, during the
376:
origins, having arrived in England in the 17th century. He was related to the goldsmith and dramatist
304:
against German industrial areas, and viewed it as a war winning strategy. In October 1940 he was made
2063:
819:
439:'s first despatch of September 1914. In December 1914, Portal was given command of all riders in the
1443:
2394:
2348:
1908:
709:
630:
440:
148:
1694:
1676:
1564:
1546:
1375:
1181:
1163:
1109:
1089:
865:
217:
1459:
1253:
3258:
2449:
811:
316:, critical to improving the destructive force of Bomber Command. He fended off attempts by the
748:
of the bomber force, which would carry out not just precision bombing but also indiscriminate
3026:
2824:
2557:
2542:
2493:
2477:
803:
705:
690:
650:
555:
392:
365:
1582:
1492:
1423:
1393:
1343:
1325:
1289:
1271:
1235:
1217:
1199:
1127:
361:, the son of Edward Robert Portal and his wife Ellinor Kate (née Hill). His younger brother
3078:
3073:
2891:
2829:
2809:
2717:
1612:
1510:
1307:
1145:
713:
362:
8:
2860:
2804:
2761:
2628:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2330:
2004:
1928:
1528:
669:
590:
475:
451:
321:
168:
153:
1616:
3016:
2769:
2547:
2498:
1936:
1094:
1008:
826:
760:
gave the final order to stop Portal's strategy of area bombing, after the firestorm of
717:
638:
567:
463:
447:
388:
297:
158:
143:
446:
In July 1915, with the need for dispatch riders decreasing, Portal transferred to the
2746:
2399:
2024:
1800:
1782:
1763:
1656:
1630:
849:
798:, in the County of Berkshire, with normal remainder to his heirs male. He was made a
757:
740:
661:
432:
330:
309:
273:
3042:
2970:
2865:
2814:
2785:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2320:
2260:
2190:
2180:
1850:
1620:
642:
626:
614:
598:
571:
341:, in what was known as the "Aluminium War". Afterward he served as chairman of the
338:
313:
301:
293:
183:
924:
2855:
2777:
2712:
2565:
2426:
2389:
2315:
2310:
2275:
2255:
2245:
2240:
2165:
1842:
743:. Prime Minister Churchill is presiding over the meeting at the end of the table.
543:
535:
455:
420:
408:
282:
278:
179:
109:
38:
917:
2839:
2834:
2819:
2756:
2305:
2300:
2034:
1946:
1918:
1891:
1864:
1648:
1073:
857:
853:
814:
on 18 November 1947. He was also appointed a Knight Grand Cross of the Belgian
678:
491:
487:
416:
377:
334:
333:. He was unsuccessful in fending off a hostile takeover of British Aluminum by
266:
213:
163:
825:
From 1946 to 1951, Portal was Controller of Production (Atomic Energy) at the
3067:
2404:
2280:
1634:
682:
633:
on the Air Council on 1 February 1939. He was promoted to the acting rank of
594:
586:
2370:
2965:
2931:
2469:
2434:
2375:
2290:
2285:
2220:
2210:
2185:
2175:
749:
732:
673:
582:
539:
471:
412:
325:
104:
3234:
People associated with the nuclear weapons programme of the United Kingdom
2118:
2295:
2235:
2225:
634:
2869:
2600:
2454:
886:
882:
878:
777:
665:
470:
on the Western Front on 16 July 1916. Portal was promoted to temporary
369:
354:
317:
83:
66:
32:
3174:
Foreign recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (United States)
3001:
2875:
2751:
1625:
1600:
838:
791:
563:
534:
In August 1919 Portal was appointed to a permanent commission in the
508:
396:
358:
259:
209:
772:
482:
on the Western Front at the same time. He was promoted to temporary
230:
Charles Frederick Algernon Portal, 1st Viscount Portal of Hungerford
2409:
937:
Issuant from an astral crown Or a portal between two towers Proper.
861:
558:
on 1 July 1925, he attended the senior officers' war course at the
428:
373:
911:
Coat of arms of Charles Portal, 1st Viscount Portal of Hungerford
834:
810:
on 15 March 1946 and appointed a Knight Grand Cross of the Dutch
761:
700:
The Yalta Conference. Portal is shown standing behind Churchill.
435:
only weeks later. Around the same time, Portal was commended in
387:
Charles Portal, or "Peter" as he was nicknamed, was educated at
874:
486:
on 17 June 1918 and given command of No. 24 (Training) Wing at
574:
in March 1927 and concentrated on improving bombing accuracy.
431:
very soon after joining the Army and he was commissioned as a
312:
offensive against Germany, and advocated the formation of the
696:
1825:
Portrait in oils of Air Chief Marshal Sir Charles Portal
885:
on 22 April 1971. His ashes are buried near his home in
3239:
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)
511:
to his DSO on 18 July 1918. The DSO's citation reads:
856:'s "Aluminium War" against a hostile takeover bid by
780:, where Lord Portal of Hungerford's ashes are buried.
637:
on 3 September 1939, appointed commander-in-chief of
372:
and also had a distinguished career. The Portals had
3254:Graduates of the Royal College of Defence Studies
3214:Academics of the Royal College of Defence Studies
3189:Grand Crosses of the Order of the Crown (Belgium)
3184:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Orange-Nassau
1077:Air of Authority – A History of RAF Organisation.
3065:
3219:Graduates of the Royal Naval College, Greenwich
3179:Recipients of the Order of George I with Swords
3164:Grand Crosses of the Order of Polonia Restituta
494:in January 1917, the citation for which reads:
1647:
1444:"The Logic Behind the Destruction of Dresden."
589:on 1 July 1931, he was appointed commander of
546:). He became a chief flying instructor at the
3159:Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
2356:
2134:
1701:(Supplement). 17 November 1953. p. 6268.
1571:(Supplement). 14 November 1947. p. 5423.
1382:(Supplement). 12 November 1940. p. 6492.
1074:"Marshal of the Royal Air Force Lord Portal."
3169:Grand Crosses of the Order of the White Lion
3139:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
3114:Royal Air Force air marshals of World War II
1477:"British Bombing Strategy in World War Two."
656:On 25 October 1940, Portal was appointed as
281:officer. He served as a bomber pilot in the
3194:Recipients of the Croix de guerre (Belgium)
2148:
1806:Sir Charles Frederick Algernon Portal Fonds
1466:(Supplement). 31 December 1943. p. 43.
1260:(Supplement). 28 December 1934. p. 16.
687:Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
277:(21 May 1893 – 22 April 1971) was a senior
198:Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
194:Knight Companion of the Order of the Garter
2363:
2349:
2141:
2127:
1855:Air Officer Commanding from 1 January 1935
1720:
1553:(Supplement). 12 March 1946. p. 1379.
1482:17 February 2011. Retrieved: 29 July 2012.
1449:13 February 2009. Retrieved: 29 July 2012.
1439:
1437:
1116:(Supplement). 1 August 1916. p. 7636.
1098:(Supplement). 28 April 1916. p. 4328.
31:
16:Marshal of the Royal Air Force (1893–1971)
3224:Presidents of the Marylebone Cricket Club
1683:(Supplement). 17 June 1952. p. 3349.
1624:
1601:"Development of Atomic Energy in Britain"
1409:
1407:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1188:(Supplement). 23 July 1918. p. 8739.
1170:(Supplement). 17 July 1917. p. 7213.
647:Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath
3229:Deaths from cancer in the United Kingdom
3204:Recipients of the Czechoslovak War Cross
3134:Royal Air Force personnel of World War I
3119:Chiefs of the Air Staff (United Kingdom)
1992:Controller of Production (Atomic Energy)
1693:
1675:
1581:
1563:
1545:
1527:
1509:
1491:
1458:
1422:
1392:
1374:
1342:
1324:
1306:
1288:
1270:
1252:
1234:
1216:
1198:
1180:
1162:
1144:
1126:
1108:
1088:
1031:
1029:
1012:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
771:
726:
695:
608:
1760:High Commanders of the Royal Air Force.
1434:
1004:
1002:
1000:
998:
776:St. Mary's parish church and cemetery,
490:in August 1918. Portal was awarded the
3066:
1801:Spartacus Educational – Charles Portal
1705:
1404:
1354:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1061:
996:
994:
992:
990:
988:
986:
984:
982:
980:
978:
767:
542:(shortly afterwards redesignated as a
3129:British Army personnel of World War I
3094:People educated at Winchester College
2916:
2344:
2122:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1026:
1009:"Portal, Charles Frederick Algernon."
833:, responsible for the production of
462:. He became a flight commander with
353:Portal was born at Eddington House,
3199:Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour
975:
806:. He was also awarded the American
604:
550:in November 1919 and then attended
529:
382:Wyndham Portal, 1st Viscount Portal
13:
1995:Controller Atomic Energy from 1950
1350:. 20 September 1940. p. 5579.
1038:
923:
916:
860:, chairman and chief executive of
852:and in 1958/1959 he fought in the
623:Companion of the Order of the Bath
474:in June 1917 and given command of
402:
395:. Portal had intended to become a
300:. He was an advocate of strategic
14:
3270:
3084:Military personnel from Berkshire
1794:
1332:. 28 November 1939. p. 7963.
1296:. 3 September 1937. p. 5561.
419:in the motorcycle section of the
25:The Viscount Portal of Hungerford
3154:Recipients of the Military Cross
2329:
1819:
1499:. 12 October 1945. p. 5026.
843:coronation of Queen Elizabeth II
820:Croix de Guerre, 1940, with Palm
548:Royal Air Force College Cranwell
3124:Marshals of the Royal Air Force
3099:Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford
3036:Marshals of the Royal Air Force
2928:Marshals of the Royal Air Force
2897:RAF strategic bombing offensive
1751:
1733:
1714:
1687:
1669:
1641:
1593:
1589:. 27 August 1948. p. 4724.
1575:
1557:
1539:
1521:
1517:. 8 February 1946. p. 864.
1503:
1485:
1470:
1452:
1416:
1386:
1368:
1336:
1318:
1314:. 31 January 1939. p. 689.
1300:
1282:
1264:
1246:
1228:
1210:
1192:
1174:
848:Portal was elected Chairman of
324:, and resisted attempts by the
3249:Viscounts created by George VI
1611:(3979): 128. 1 February 1946.
1535:. 28 December 1945. p. 7.
1400:. 14 April 1942. p. 1648.
1206:. 1 August 1919. p. 9865.
1156:
1152:. 9 January 1917. p. 462.
1138:
1120:
1102:
1082:
1017:
722:Marshal of the Royal Air Force
585:in December 1930. Promoted to
443:Headquarters Signals Company.
227:Marshal of the Royal Air Force
129:Marshal of the Royal Air Force
1:
3149:Members of the Order of Merit
2902:United States Army Air Forces
2085:Viscount Portal of Hungerford
2072:Peerage of the United Kingdom
1721:pixeltocode.uk, PixelToCode.
1242:. 30 June 1931. p. 4250.
963:
796:Viscount Portal of Hungerford
672:as well as an attempt by the
566:, in 1926 before taking over
348:
296:he was commander-in-chief of
3209:Deputy lieutenants of Sussex
2372:Air Defence of Great Britain
2054:British Aircraft Corporation
1430:. 5 June 1942. p. 2478.
1278:. 2 July 1937. p. 4253.
1224:. 3 July 1925. p. 4456.
1134:. 2 July 1918. p. 7771.
871:British Aircraft Corporation
816:Order of the Crown with Palm
800:Member of the Order of Merit
507:(DSO) on 18 July 1917 and a
343:British Aircraft Corporation
202:Member of the Order of Merit
7:
3244:Barons created by George VI
3109:Royal Flying Corps officers
2723:Women's Auxiliary Air Force
2708:Battle of Britain airfields
1655:. Bloomsbury. p. 449.
864:. T.I. along with its ally
808:Distinguished Service Medal
660:with the temporary rank of
505:Distinguished Service Order
380:, and more distantly so to
292:In the early stages of the
206:Distinguished Service Order
10:
3275:
2101:Baron Portal of Hungerford
1723:"Charles, Viscount Portal"
787:Baron Portal of Hungerford
3035:
3027:Sir Henry Maitland Wilson
2984:
2938:
2884:
2848:
2797:
2735:
2700:
2627:
2599:
2556:
2518:
2511:
2486:
2468:
2425:
2418:
2382:
2327:
2156:
2107:
2098:
2082:
2077:
2070:
2060:
2050:
2041:
2031:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2001:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1970:
1961:
1953:
1943:
1933:
1925:
1915:
1906:
1898:
1888:
1879:
1871:
1861:
1847:
1839:
1834:
1818:
1813:
892:
841:in February 1952 and the
189:
175:
134:
124:
116:
98:
90:
73:
53:
45:
37:Sir Charles Portal as an
30:
23:
3104:Royal Engineers officers
2395:Royal Canadian Air Force
1909:Air Member for Personnel
1882:Director of Organisation
1079:Retrieved: 29 July 2012.
1023:Richards 1978, pp. 6–11.
968:
818:and awarded the Belgian
710:Combined Chiefs of Staff
631:Air Member for Personnel
579:Imperial Defence College
572:Vickers Virginia bombers
503:He was also awarded the
407:At the beginning of the
149:Air Member for Personnel
2150:Chiefs of the Air Staff
1929:Sir Edgar Ludlow-Hewitt
1014:Retrieved: 9 July 2012.
905:
368:(1894–1983) joined the
218:Mentioned in Despatches
3089:People from Hungerford
3017:Sir Bernard Montgomery
2450:Trafford Leigh-Mallory
1964:Chief of the Air Staff
928:
921:
812:Order of Orange-Nassau
781:
744:
701:
658:Chief of the Air Staff
618:
591:British forces in Aden
527:
518:
501:
306:Chief of the Air Staff
139:Chief of the Air Staff
3144:Knights of the Garter
2956:Sir Andrew Cunningham
2939:Admirals of the Fleet
2920:Admirals of the Fleet
2543:Anti-Aircraft Command
955:Armet Nos Ultio Regum
927:
920:
775:
730:
706:Casablanca Conference
699:
691:1942 Birthday Honours
685:. He was advanced to
651:1940 Birthday Honours
612:
522:
513:
496:
393:Christ Church, Oxford
320:to take command over
117:Years of service
3043:Sir Edward Ellington
3022:Sir Archibald Wavell
2992:Sir Harold Alexander
2971:Sir James Somerville
2892:Air Raid Precautions
2718:Royal Observer Corps
2321:Sir Richard Knighton
2261:Sir Keith Williamson
2231:Sir Charles Elworthy
2191:Sir Edward Ellington
2181:Sir Geoffrey Salmond
2005:Sir Frederick Morgan
1902:Sir William Mitchell
1762:London: HMSO, 1991.
1711:Probert 1991, p. 26.
1413:Probert 1991, p. 25.
1365:Probert 1991, p. 24.
1035:Probert 1991, p. 23.
902:, who died in 1990.
716:for the duration of
714:Dwight D. Eisenhower
577:Portal attended the
520:The bar's citation:
427:. Portal was made a
411:, Portal joined the
169:No. 16 Squadron
3012:Sir Edmund Ironside
2861:Battle of the Beams
2538:RAF Coastal Command
2533:RAF Balloon Command
2528:RAF Fighter Command
2316:Sir Michael Wigston
2311:Sir Stephen Hillier
2276:Sir Michael Graydon
2256:Sir Michael Beetham
2246:Sir Andrew Humphrey
2241:Sir Denis Spotswood
2216:Sir William Dickson
2166:Sir Frederick Sykes
2111:Rosemary Ann Portal
2012:Business positions
1981:Government offices
1935:Commander-in-Chief
1849:Officer Commanding
1617:1946Natur.157Q.128.
912:
873:. Portal died from
822:on 27 August 1948.
792:County of Berkshire
768:Post-war activities
724:on 1 January 1944.
670:RAF Coastal Command
560:Royal Naval College
366:Sir Reginald Portal
322:RAF Coastal Command
159:No. 7 Squadron
3053:Sir Charles Portal
2961:Sir Charles Forbes
2548:RAF Bomber Command
2499:Robert Watson-Watt
2410:Big Wing formation
2306:Sir Andrew Pulford
2301:Sir Stephen Dalton
2171:Sir Hugh Trenchard
2161:Sir Hugh Trenchard
2064:Sir George Edwards
2047:Corporation formed
2035:Sir Ivan Stedeford
1947:Sir Richard Peirse
1919:Sir Leslie Gossage
1699:The London Gazette
1681:The London Gazette
1587:The London Gazette
1569:The London Gazette
1551:The London Gazette
1533:The London Gazette
1515:The London Gazette
1497:The London Gazette
1464:The London Gazette
1428:The London Gazette
1398:The London Gazette
1380:The London Gazette
1348:The London Gazette
1330:The London Gazette
1312:The London Gazette
1294:The London Gazette
1276:The London Gazette
1258:The London Gazette
1240:The London Gazette
1222:The London Gazette
1204:The London Gazette
1186:The London Gazette
1168:The London Gazette
1150:The London Gazette
1132:The London Gazette
1114:The London Gazette
1095:The London Gazette
929:
922:
910:
858:Sir Ivan Stedeford
831:Christopher Hinton
827:Ministry of Supply
782:
745:
718:Operation Overlord
702:
619:
484:lieutenant colonel
448:Royal Flying Corps
389:Winchester College
335:Sir Ivan Stedeford
3061:
3060:
2910:
2909:
2747:Battle of Britain
2731:
2730:
2507:
2506:
2400:Strategic bombing
2338:
2337:
2281:Sir Richard Johns
2271:Sir Peter Harding
2117:
2116:
2108:Succeeded by
2061:Succeeded by
2032:Succeeded by
2025:British Aluminium
2002:Succeeded by
1996:
1974:Sir Arthur Tedder
1971:Succeeded by
1944:Succeeded by
1916:Succeeded by
1889:Succeeded by
1862:Succeeded by
1856:
1835:Military offices
1830:
1829:
1773:Richards, Denis.
1727:Westminster Abbey
1653:Austerity Britain
961:
960:
850:British Aluminium
741:Winston Churchill
662:air chief marshal
552:RAF Staff College
433:second lieutenant
331:British Aluminium
310:strategic bombing
224:
223:
39:air chief marshal
3266:
3048:Sir Cyril Newall
2966:Sir Dudley Pound
2914:
2913:
2876:German V weapons
2591:No. 14 Group RAF
2586:No. 13 Group RAF
2581:No. 12 Group RAF
2576:No. 11 Group RAF
2571:No. 10 Group RAF
2516:
2515:
2423:
2422:
2376:Second World War
2365:
2358:
2351:
2342:
2341:
2333:
2291:Sir Jock Stirrup
2286:Sir Peter Squire
2251:Sir Neil Cameron
2221:Sir Dermot Boyle
2211:Sir John Slessor
2196:Sir Cyril Newall
2186:Sir John Salmond
2176:Sir John Salmond
2143:
2136:
2129:
2120:
2119:
2052:Chairman of the
1994:
1957:Sir Cyril Newall
1954:Preceded by
1926:Preceded by
1899:Preceded by
1872:Preceded by
1854:
1840:Preceded by
1832:
1831:
1823:
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1758:Probert, Henry.
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862:Tube Investments
733:Sir Dudley Pound
629:, Portal became
627:New Year Honours
615:Second World War
605:Second World War
599:air vice-marshal
530:Inter-war career
458:biplanes on the
415:and served as a
339:Tube Investments
314:Pathfinder Force
294:Second World War
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2713:Eagle Squadrons
2696:
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2566:No. 9 Group RAF
2552:
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2482:
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2390:Royal Air Force
2378:
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2296:Sir Glenn Torpy
2266:Sir David Craig
2236:Sir John Grandy
2226:Sir Thomas Pike
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877:at his home at
866:Reynolds Metals
770:
756:In March 1945,
737:Sir Alan Brooke
607:
544:squadron leader
538:in the rank of
536:Royal Air Force
532:
476:No. 16 Squadron
452:No. 60 Squadron
437:Sir John French
421:Royal Engineers
409:First World War
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403:First World War
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2474:
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1937:Bomber Command
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845:in June 1953.
839:King George VI
804:1 January 1946
769:
766:
679:Richard Peirse
639:Bomber Command
606:
603:
568:No. 7 Squadron
556:wing commander
531:
528:
492:Military Cross
464:No. 3 Squadron
417:dispatch rider
404:
401:
378:Abraham Portal
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2652:4 AA Division
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77:22 April 1971
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22:
19:
3052:
2932:World War II
2787:
2779:
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2763:
2629:AA Divisions
2619:III AA Corps
2512:Organisation
2445:Cyril Newall
2439:
2435:Hugh Dowding
2200:
2099:
2092:
2083:
2079:New creation
2078:
2051:
2042:
2023:Chairman of
2022:
2017:
1991:
1986:
1962:
1934:
1907:
1880:
1851:Aden Command
1848:
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896:
889:churchyard.
879:West Ashling
847:
824:
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783:
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750:area bombing
746:
703:
674:British Army
655:
643:area bombing
625:in the 1939
621:Appointed a
620:
583:Air Ministry
576:
533:
523:
519:
514:
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497:
488:RAF Grantham
480:RE8 aircraft
445:
413:British Army
406:
386:
352:
326:British Army
302:area bombing
291:
229:
225:
176:Battles/wars
154:Aden Command
105:British Army
84:West Ashling
79:(1971-04-22)
18:
3079:1971 deaths
3074:1893 births
2805:Beaufighter
2701:Other units
2614:II AA Corps
2494:R. V. Jones
2374:during the
2206:Lord Tedder
2201:Lord Portal
1695:"No. 40020"
1677:"No. 39575"
1583:"No. 38390"
1565:"No. 38125"
1547:"No. 37501"
1529:"No. 37407"
1511:"No. 37461"
1493:"No. 37305"
1460:"No. 36309"
1424:"No. 35586"
1394:"No. 35525"
1376:"No. 34989"
1344:"No. 34949"
1326:"No. 34742"
1308:"No. 34594"
1290:"No. 34432"
1272:"No. 34414"
1254:"No. 34119"
1236:"No. 33731"
1218:"No. 33063"
1200:"No. 31486"
1182:"No. 30813"
1164:"No. 30188"
1146:"No. 29898"
1128:"No. 30776"
1110:"No. 29691"
1090:"No. 29563"
635:air marshal
69:, Berkshire
64:21 May 1893
46:Nickname(s)
3068:Categories
2946:Lord Keyes
2870:Chain Home
2849:Technology
2786:Operation
2778:Operation
2770:Operation
2762:Operation
2739:operations
2609:I AA Corps
2487:Scientists
2455:Keith Park
2105:1945–1971
2089:1946–1971
2058:1960–1963
2029:1953–1958
1999:1946–1951
1987:New office
1968:1940–1946
1913:1939–1940
1886:1937–1939
1859:1934–1935
964:References
946:Supporters
940:Escutcheon
887:Funtington
883:Chichester
778:Funtington
735:, General
666:Royal Navy
370:Royal Navy
355:Hungerford
349:Early life
318:Royal Navy
91:Allegiance
67:Hungerford
60:1893-05-21
3007:Lord Gort
2951:Lord Cork
2815:Hurricane
2764:Steinbock
2752:The Blitz
2043:New title
1843:Owen Boyd
1779:Heinemann
1635:1476-4687
758:Churchill
564:Greenwich
441:1st Corps
397:barrister
359:Berkshire
171:(1917–18)
161:(1927–28)
156:(1934–35)
151:(1939–40)
141:(1940–46)
120:1914–1945
112:(1918–45)
107:(1914–18)
2918:British
2830:Spitfire
2825:Mosquito
2798:Aircraft
2772:Crossbow
2601:AA Corps
2520:Commands
2383:Overview
2093:Extinct
1781:, 1978.
1777:London:
1651:(2007).
499:machine.
429:corporal
374:Huguenot
135:Commands
99:Service/
2840:Typhoon
2835:Tempest
2810:Defiant
2018:Unknown
1743:. 1956.
1613:Bibcode
835:fissile
790:in the
762:Dresden
689:in the
681:, with
649:in the
570:flying
478:flying
466:flying
454:flying
423:on the
363:Admiral
2820:Meteor
2788:Gisela
2558:Groups
2419:People
1785:
1766:
1659:
1633:
1605:Nature
893:Family
875:cancer
708:, the
516:value.
456:Morane
258:&
208:&
190:Awards
166:(1919)
146:(1940)
101:branch
2866:Radar
2780:Diver
1941:1940
969:Notes
952:Motto
934:Crest
881:near
739:, Mr
540:major
472:major
272:
270:,
265:
263:,
254:
252:,
247:
245:,
240:
238:,
49:Peter
2926:and
2470:Army
1783:ISBN
1764:ISBN
1657:ISBN
1631:ISSN
1480:BBC,
906:Arms
391:and
125:Rank
74:Died
54:Born
2930:of
2427:RAF
1621:doi
1609:157
802:on
509:Bar
337:'s
260:Bar
256:DSO
242:GCB
220:(3)
210:Bar
3070::
2922:,
1725:.
1697:.
1679:.
1629:.
1619:.
1607:.
1603:.
1585:.
1567:.
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1495:.
1462:.
1436:^
1426:.
1406:^
1396:.
1378:.
1356:^
1346:.
1328:.
1310:.
1292:.
1274:.
1256:.
1238:.
1220:.
1202:.
1184:.
1166:.
1148:.
1130:.
1112:.
1092:.
1040:^
1028:^
977:^
829:.
693:.
653:.
562:,
384:.
357:,
345:.
289:.
274:DL
267:MC
249:OM
235:KG
232:,
2872:)
2868:(
2364:e
2357:t
2350:v
2142:e
2135:t
2128:v
1789:.
1770:.
1729:.
1665:.
1637:.
1623::
1615::
617:.
62:)
58:(
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