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have varied in the years since, but the 1951 design was used in most years since then, its only notable change being the addition of blue outlines in 1979. Exceptions include the 1972 uniform, which featured no Chief Wahoo logo, and the 1973–1978 uniforms, which featured a modified logo with Chief Wahoo at bat. Chief Wahoo was featured on
Cleveland hats from 1951 to 1958, and returned to Cleveland's hats in 1986, following an increase in the size of the logo on uniforms sleeves in 1983. By 2013, Chief Wahoo was featured on every variation of the team's uniforms.
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block-C logo as alternative to Chief Wahoo: "We have added a logo, the block C, recently in addition to the Wahoo logo and the script 'Indians'. Fans of the team have alternative ways to express their support." In 2002, DiBiasio described an
Indians hat with the letter "I" in similar terms, as official merchandise that provides an alternative without Chief Wahoo. Owner Larry Dolan had said the alternative logos are "another marketing tool" and "it's not true" that they are a means of phasing out Chief Wahoo. The
769:. The term 'spoil' originally referred to the hide of an animal or the enemy's armor and was later extended to apply to old fragments of architecture. The Native American grinning through the shimmering glass brings to mind the constant change in power relations, hierarchies and values." In an article on Gaillard's work, Indian Country Today Media Network said it was up to the viewer to decide "whether it is a clever re-imagining of a controversial symbol or merely a callous and harmful repetition."
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Sportswriter Craig
Calcaterra described the issue more bluntly, saying that "in the southwest there is a much larger Indian population than there is back in Ohio and that not putting up a big racist, comically-exaggerated red-faced logo of an Indian is simply a matter of common courtesy." In 2013, Chief Wahoo was still used on the Cleveland Indians' spring training web page, where the logo was framed within the name of their host city, but has since been replaced.
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that "history is history. This sign is a point in a major
American issue, which is racial caricature. Some people have a problem with it, some people don't. It's important because it not only represents the rich history of baseball in Cleveland, it gets into a really deep issue in American history." The sign is displayed with written materials that show several points of view, including "The Legacy of
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the paper's coverage of the team, including a small front-page visual box where his head would peek out to announce the outcome of the latest game. Journalist George Condon would write in 1972, "When the baseball club decided to adopt an Indian caricature as its official symbol, it hired an artist to draw a little guy who came very close to
Reinert's creation; a blood brother, unquestionably."
463:-wearing American Indian. In 1929, a smaller version of that same patch migrated to the home uniform sleeve, where similar incarnations of the early design remained through 1938. The online gallery of historical Cleveland uniforms does not accurately depict the evolution of the pre-Wahoo logo, a cartoon depiction of a man in a warbonnet drawn in profile. Patrick Hruby, writing for
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375:, which was touched up at least once in 1993. However, because of the team's impending move, the city of Winter Haven did not bother to repaint the logo when it eventually faded. Due to the expense of repainting the water tower, the logo remained there long after the team last trained in Florida; it was not until 2012 that it was finally replaced with
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nose was made smaller, his body thinner, and he was now drawn as a right-handed batter instead of left-handed. Overall, the design of Chief Wahoo remained largely similar to the previous version. These modifications, however, heralded other changes to the team's use of Indian-themed imagery, such as the removal of a teepee from the outfield area.
623:. According to a source at Major League Baseball, the image was mistakenly released because of a misunderstanding that all teams would be using their main logo. After news reports criticized the "short-sightedness of covering a Native American logo with stars and stripes" and said it looked "a little too much like a
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According to a senior vice president and historian at the
Western Reserve Historical Society, the acquisition of a neon Chief Wahoo sign was debated for several reasons. Among them was the belief that it was "hugely negative for a portion of the population". Ultimately, the historical society decided
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Around the time Bavasi added Chief Wahoo to the team's hats in 1986, he also banned "derogatory" banners at the stadium. The elimination of references to
Cleveland on the uniforms, including replacing the old style hats with Chief Wahoo, led to speculation that the team might be moved to another city
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installed a new computer-programmed monocolor scoreboard in 1977, newspaper articles described how it could display animated depictions of Chief Wahoo yelling "Charge!" By the 1978 season, home runs were celebrated with fireworks and a scoreboard animation of Chief Wahoo dancing. The complete package
163:
In 1952, "Chief Wahoo" was given as the name for the
Indians' physical mascot for the first time when a person in a Wahoo costume showed up for a children's party at Public Hall given by "Cleveland's dentists". Sportswriters eventually took to calling the unnamed character "Chief Wahoo". Goldbach has
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departments, to create a new logo for his team. Seventeen-year-old draftsman Walter
Goldbach, an employee of the Novak Company, was asked to perform the job. Tasked with creating a mascot that "would convey a spirit of pure joy and unbridled enthusiasm", he created a smiling face with yellow skin and
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who claimed to have produced over 3,000 pieces of Chief Wahoo yard art, although she later said that claim was an exaggeration. The former letter carrier also produced Chief Wahoo clocks. In 2006, a likeness of Chief Wahoo took third place in a local sand sculpture competition, finishing behind sand
474:
In 1947, home and road uniforms began featuring the first incarnation of Chief Wahoo. The new logo, a caricature drawn from a three-quarter perspective, supplanted the earlier profile drawings. A redesigned Chief Wahoo caricature appeared on the uniform shirt sleeve starting in 1951. Uniform designs
382:
Chief Wahoo creator Walter
Goldbach and his wife spent 15 winters living in Winter Haven. During the spring training season, Goldbach would work with the team when they conducted tours. Goldbach later retired from his career as an artist, and medical issues prevented him from drawing in the last few
90:
featured a cartoon by Fred George Reinert that used a caricatured Native American character with a definite resemblance to the later Chief Wahoo as a stand-in for the Cleveland Indians winning an important victory. The character came to be called "The Little Indian", eventually becoming a fixture in
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had not been the team's decision, then-team president Paul Dolan said, "It's not our ballpark. I would expect some sensitivity was involved, but ultimately it's the city's ballpark." A city spokesperson said that they were following Cleveland's marketing lead after the team used the script "I" logo
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The Indians introduced alternative logos: a block-letter "C", a script-letter "I", and the word "Indians" written in script. In 2013, the organization officially changed the primary logo from Chief Wahoo to the recently introduced block "C". Previously, team spokesman Bob DiBiasio had described the
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Although the club had adopted the name "Indians" during the 1915 season, there was no acknowledgment of this nickname on their uniforms until 1928. In the years between the team's 1901 formation and the 1927 season, uniforms contained variations on a stylized "C" or the word "Cleveland" (except the
219:
By 1973, when the team was bought by Cleveland businessman Nick Mileti, they had introduced additional depictions of Chief Wahoo, some of which showed the character at bat. Mileti hired designer Leonard Benner to modify an existing at-bat design for use as a logo. Several changes were made: Wahoo's
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In 1951, the mascot was redesigned with a smaller nose and red skin instead of yellow skin. This would be the most long-lived version of the logo, with only minor changes; when it was first introduced, it had black outlines before being changed to have blue outlines in 1979. After its introduction,
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Opponents have been protesting and taking other actions against the name and logo since the 1970s. The team owners and management have defended their use as having no intent to offend but to honor Native Americans, upholding many fans' beliefs and continued support. However, the use of Chief Wahoo
787:, Chief Wahoo has drawn particular criticism. The use of "Indians" as the name of a team was also part of the controversy, and led over 115 professional organizations representing civil rights, educational, athletic, and scientific experts to publish resolutions or policies stating that any use of
587:
Cleveland sportswriter Paul Hoynes wrote that the Chief Wahoo logo was not used in Goodyear "because of the heavy population of Native Americans in Arizona." According to the 2010 census, the Arizona population is 4.6% Native American or Alaska Native, compared to 0.4% in Florida and 0.2% in Ohio.
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In Meadville, Pennsylvania, the adult children of a 74-year-old Cleveland Indians fan hired chainsaw artist Brian Sprague to carve a 7-foot (2.1 m)-tall maple tree stump into a full-body statue of Chief Wahoo. In 2007, a newspaper in Toledo, Ohio reported that a man from the Toledo suburb of
539:
When Cleveland played Baltimore in the 2007 "Civil Rights Game" in Memphis, logos were removed from the uniforms of both teams. This caused some sportswriters to assert that the office of the Major League Baseball commissioner understood "on some level, that Chief Wahoo is the wrong message". The
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threw the first pitch at Jacobs Field, he wore a hat with the letter-C logo worn from 1978 to 1985 instead of Chief Wahoo. A White House aide described the decision as one taken "in recognition of the sensitivities" involved, and it spurred public debate on the issue of Native American names and
179:
in the 1950s, with the character's depiction signifying the outcome of a game. Wins were illustrated by Chief Wahoo holding a lantern in one hand and extending the index finger on his other. Losses were illustrated by a "battered" Chief Wahoo, complete with black eye, missing teeth and crumpled
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For 1939, the club wore the Baseball Centennial patch on the sleeve. Various other patches were worn for the next few years, none of them featuring Native American caricatures. In 1946, the last year before Chief Wahoo's introduction, both the home and road shirts featured a City of Cleveland
64:, the logo drew criticism from Native Americans, social scientists, and religious and educational groups, but was popular among fans of the team. During the 2010s, it was gradually replaced by a block "C", which became the primary logo in 2013. Chief Wahoo was officially retired following the
261:, who described the resemblance as "uncanny". Tabler's prediction was ultimately borne out, with hat sales increasing significantly after the reintroduction of Chief Wahoo. The revised hat design has been described as a change "in keeping with Major League Baseball's trend toward 'old-style'
299:. Working with the original blueprints, and the help of $ 50,000 in donations, the historical society refurbished the sign, which is now displayed in the group's museum. Anonymous donors have since provided funds to support maintenance work that allows the sign to remain lit.
555:. The use of alternate logos on official merchandise led sportswriters to speculate that Major League Baseball was uncomfortable or cautious about using the Chief Wahoo logo. Major League Baseball's use of an alternate logo on its website has led to similar speculation.
437:
A 1999 editorial reported annual revenue of $ 1.5 million from sales of licensed merchandise, and $ 15 million from sales at official team shops. An interview subject in a 2006 documentary on Chief Wahoo estimated that the logo brought in over $ 20 million per year.
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612:" that were worn during major American holidays. The Indians cap with Chief Wahoo emblazoned in stars and stripes was criticized by some sportswriters. In 2009, MLB redesigned the Indians "Stars and Stripes" cap with a "C" logo replacing Chief Wahoo.
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269:("Cleveland" was omitted on road jerseys from 1972 to 1977 and from 1983 to 1988; from 1978 to 1982, the city name was on the road grays, but the team often wore navy jerseys with the team name instead of the city name for many road games).
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Native American figure holding a stone tool in one hand and a scalp in the other. Produced in 1949 by Rempel Manufacturing, Inc., of Akron, Ohio, the rubber Indian figure (marketed as "Big Chief Erie") was based on an original sketch by
627:
cartoon", New Era removed the design and released an image of a flag-themed block-C logo hat that would be worn instead. Some speculated that the scrapped design may actually have been intended for use. Local alternative news magazine
322:
Navy Adm. James A. Winnefeld Jr. (left), vice chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and Jim Folk (right), vice president of ballpark operations for the Cleveland Indians, discuss the Chief Wahoo battle flag at Progressive Field,
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on the player development complex in addition to the ballpark. Dolan said there was also "some sensitivity involved" with player development complex. The logo is also absent from team property and employee clothing in Arizona.
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said that the logo's moniker is inaccurate. Quoting a child he met while talking at a school, Goldbach explained in a 2008 interview, "He's not a chief, he's a brave. He only has one feather. Chiefs have full headdresses."
413:
In 2005, the team partnered with a candy maker to produce a Chief Wahoo chocolate bar. In 2013, the name "Wahoo Women" was used for a ladies' night out promotion, and the team also ran a "Wahoo Wednesdays" promotion with
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observed that the league had "wisely passed over fashioning Chief Wahoo into a polyester conversation piece". Although Chief Wahoo was the logo for the Cleveland Indians, the official team mascot is a character named
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How the name "Chief Wahoo" came to be used to refer to the Indians' mascot is less clear. The phrase had already been used for years before its use as a reference to the logo; the popular newspaper comic strip
405:
For its 100th anniversary, the team gave away blankets that depicted various incarnations of Chief Wahoo. In 2011, the team gave away free T-shirts with a picture of a heart, a peace sign and Chief Wahoo. The
334:
flew a battle flag featuring the Chief Wahoo logo. The time and circumstances under which the flag was first flown are not known, but the flag was retired in 2006 and presented to former Cleveland pitcher and
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was de-emphasized in favor of alternate logos beginning in the 2010s. The logo was subsequently retired after the 2018 season, and "is no longer appropriate for on-field use", according to MLB commissioner
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From 1962 through 1994, a 28-foot (8.5 m)-tall, neon-lit sign of Chief Wahoo at bat stood above gate D of Cleveland Municipal Stadium. When the stadium was demolished, the neon sign was donated to the
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a prominent nose. Goldbach has said that he had difficulty "figuring out how to make an Indian look like a cartoon", and that he was probably influenced by the cartoon style that was popular at the time.
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575:, the Chief Wahoo logo was not used on the outside of the local stadium where they practiced. The Chief Wahoo logo had been prominently displayed at the team's previous spring training facilities in
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544:. The president of the Faraway Cherokees in Memphis said, "My family was on the Trail of Tears. We feel offended that they would bring a team here called the Indians. It's racist. We aren't gone."
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815:, the team continued to sell limited merchandise with Chief Wahoo only at its physical team store. Chief Wahoo was also not featured on the playing field when the Cleveland Indians hosted the
478:
On January 29, 2018, the Cleveland Indians announced they would remove the Chief Wahoo logo from their on-field baseball caps and jerseys starting with the 2019 season. On March 21, 2018, the
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that promotes misunderstanding and prejudice and contributes to other problems faced by Native Americans. In 2021, the team announced their rebranding as the Cleveland Guardians for the
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1921 season, when the front of the club's uniform shirts read "Worlds Champions"). The 1928 season saw modified club uniforms whose left breast bore a patch depicting the profile of a
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article that did not clearly state whether the stained-glass logo was an amateur or professional work. Fan artists have incorporated Chief Wahoo's likeness into stained glass pieces.
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said that the project "combines a symbol of the American Rust Belt with a souvenir of Communist town planning", and was "meant to reflect on the broader subject of urban decline."
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677:, a fanzine that is now collected at the Cleveland Public Library. In 2013, a Cleveland artist designed a T-shirt that combined Chief Wahoo's feather with imagery from the
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Staurowsky, Ellen J. (1998). "Searching for Sockalexis: Exploring the Myth at the core of Cleveland's 'Indian' Image". In Altherr, Thomas L.; Hall, Alvin L. (eds.).
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430:. Major League Baseball does in fact sell a hat shaped to resemble Slider, who himself wears a Chief Wahoo hat. The Cleveland Indians have also sold Chief Wahoo
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suggesting that Chief Wahoo be added to the hats, with Tabler predicting that it would "sell like crazy". Bavasi recalls expressing concern that it would offend
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1823:"Video interview with John J. Grabowski, published in the article "Chief Wahoo caricature controversy still hot topic for Cleveland Indians, Native Americans""
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3254:"In the Matter of JANE A. PASTVA and U.S. POSTAL SERVICE, POST OFFICE, Warren, OH; Docket No. 02-1141; Submitted on the Record; Issued December 11, 2002"
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761:. The work appeared in an exhibition whose curator described the piece in terms of power, hierarchies, and values: "The window panes have arrived as '
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A Chief Wahoo sign in Winter Haven, Florida, 2007. At the team's new spring training grounds in Arizona, the logo is not prominently displayed.
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of Akron, Ohio declared this design "a lot better than the previous freebie shirt, which featured representations of three racing hot dogs".
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reported that the debate had not hurt the team's souvenir sales, which were better than those of any other team in the league at the time.
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rendition of Chief Wahoo. However, the stained-glass logo was not ultimately used on the cover. The unused concept was described in a
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President Bill Clinton, wearing a hat with the alternate block-C logo, throws the inaugural pitch of the 1994 baseball season.
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ran from 1936 to 1947. One questionable origin myth indicates that the names "Indians" and "Chief Wahoo" were meant to honor
3637:"Legislative efforts to eliminate native-themed mascots, nicknames, and logos: Slow but steady progress post-APA resolution"
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images in sports. One critic accused Clinton of "an apparent attempt to appease his 'politically correct' constituency".
371:. During the years the team trained in the Grapefruit League, a mural of Chief Wahoo was displayed on a nearby municipal
3848:"As the All-Star Game Goes on Without Chief Wahoo, Local Groups Say They'll Continue Pushing for Indians to Change Name"
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announced that Chief Wahoo would no longer be featured on future Hall of Fame plaques, starting with newly inducted
467:, described an early image featuring these uniforms as "a far cry from Chief Wahoo and other grinning caricatures".
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3468:"A Bright Star Is Rising Over Cleveland : Cory Snyder Has Gone From College Ranks to MVP Candidate in 3 Years"
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732:, a 12-metre (39 ft), neon-outline Chief Wahoo replica atop the abandoned Haus der Statistik building in
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New Era Caps released this image online, then said it had done so in error and the product would not be sold.
144:, pitched for the Indians for five years beginning in 1942, mostly as a starter. He was later traded to the
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In 2009, the Cleveland Indians moved their spring training operations from their Grapefruit League home in
285:). They considered replacing Chief Wahoo in 1993, but it was ultimately retained. Several years later, the
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1154:"The Curse of Chief Wahoo: Are we paying the price for embracing America's last acceptable racist symbol?"
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3686:"Cleveland Indians owner Paul Dolan says team is keeping Chief Wahoo, but not as main logo – Terry Pluto"
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1995:
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160:." In subsequent articles, Reynolds was again called "Chief Wahoo", "old Wahoo", and just plain "Wahoo".
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152:, under the title of "Chief Wahoo Whizzing", stated "Allie (Chief Wahoo) Reynolds, the copper-skinned
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When Major League Baseball released a line of hats fashioned to resemble team mascots, a writer for
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3303:"A stump only a Tribe fan could love: Daughter's thoughtful gift turns an eyesore into a treasure"
2941:"Cleveland Indians' Chief Wahoo logo left off team's ballpark, training complex in Goodyear, Ariz"
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156:," lost to Philadelphia, but "in the clutches, though, the Chief was a standup gent—tougher than
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The use of these alternative logos has at times proved newsworthy. In 1994, when then-President
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Continues", "Chief Wahoo: Brief History of a Civic Icon", and "Enthusiasm! That's Chief Wahoo!"
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1345:"Cleveland Indians Play Final Game With Grinning Native American Caricature "Chief Wahoo" Logo"
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2582:"Native Americans to mark Cleveland Indians 1st games with annual protest of Chief Wahoo logo"
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1253:"Louis Sockalexis' Tribe Angry About Chief Wahoo, Logo Obviously Does Not "Honor" His Legacy"
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of commissioned animations included an arrow skewering two players to signify a double-play.
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the face of the 1951 logo was incorporated into other full-body depictions of the character.
137:, Sockalexis' tribe, petitioned the Cleveland Indians to discontinue the use of Chief Wahoo.
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on October 8, 2018. News outlets noted the irony of the logo's final appearance being on
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released an image of a hat with a flag-themed Chief Wahoo to be worn by the team on the
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as an Indian. The Chief Wahoo logo was last worn by the Indians in an 11–3 loss to the
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3829:"Opinion: Chief Wahoo missing from Cleveland's All-Star Game, but mascot issue endures"
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1318:"Indians choose to wear Chief Wahoo on Indigenous Peoples' Day, get swept out of ALDS"
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2405:"National Baseball Hall of Fame — Dressed to the Nines — Uniform Database"
2387:"National Baseball Hall of Fame — Dressed to the Nines — Uniform Database"
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Chief Wahoo was also absent from merchandise sold at FanFest activities during the
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3770:"Cleveland Indians fully phase out Chief Wahoo logo, unveil new uniforms for 2019"
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1676:"Russell Means and Juanita Helphrey discuss the Cleveland Indians and Chief Wahoo"
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This article is about the baseball team logo. For the comic strip character, see
3097:"[UPDATE] Cleveland Indians Will Not Be Wearing Offensive Cap After All"
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1955:"Spring Training 2008: The Cleveland Indians Say Good-Bye To Winter Haven, Fla"
658:
620:
541:
487:
184:
141:
1675:
673:
Elements of Chief Wahoo were incorporated into a collage that appeared in the
571:
In 2009, when the Cleveland Indians moved their spring training operations to
133:, and one of the first Native Americans to play in Major League Baseball. The
6017:
5980:
5864:
5760:
3880:
3418:
974:
711:
670:
intended to have a tree trunk carved into a depiction of Chief Wahoo at bat.
552:
422:
248:
73:
3742:"The Cleveland Indians' season is over, and so is Chief Wahoo's 71-year run"
2423:"Bob Feller: Videos of one of baseball's best-ever pitchers and ambassadors"
1627:(3rd ed.). Champaign, Illinois: Sports Publishing, L.L.C. p. 370.
175:
has described comics of Chief Wahoo that would run on the front page of the
5919:
4665:
4619:
4604:
4599:
4350:
4089:
2730:. Northampton, Massachusetts: Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc. pp. 90–91.
667:
532:
398:
336:
232:
212:
196:
157:
86:
2195:. Cleveland Indians / Major League Baseball. March 4, 2013. Archived from
1563:
355:
5879:
4639:
4634:
4326:
4059:
3519:
3434:"Etch-A-Sketch artwork leads to GV Art + Design retail store in Lakewood"
2193:"Cleveland Indians, Domino's partner on new 'Wahoo Wednesdays' promotion"
2062:"The Mercury from Pottstown, Pennsylvania on December 16, 1949 · Page 12"
1651:
Encyclopedia of Major League Baseball Team Histories: The American League
877:
Game Worn: Baseball Treasures from the Game's Greatest Heroes and Moments
811:
on the logo, along with the words "Tribe" and "Wahoo", and prevent their
804:
762:
754:
701:
372:
172:
153:
106:
hired the J.F. Novak Company, designers of patches worn by the Cleveland
3881:
National Coalition on Racism in Sports and Media poster with Chief Wahoo
3714:"Indians mascot Chief Wahoo relegated to the bench at Progressive Field"
3277:"Families unite in competition to see who can create the best sculpture"
2536:
1411:. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc. p. 187.
5960:
5869:
4675:
4660:
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4629:
4614:
4216:
3801:
697:
460:
340:
252:
240:
236:
103:
3890:
3589:"Exhibition and Karl Ströher Prize for French Artist Cyprien Gaillard"
3123:"MLB smartens up, scraps offensive Chief Wahoo hat for Fourth of July"
5722:
4670:
4655:
3970:
844:
List of sports team names and mascots derived from Indigenous peoples
808:
766:
624:
615:
Similar events played out several years later. In 2013, manufacturer
483:
262:
134:
54:
2535:
A comprehensive gallery of Cleveland Indians logos can be seen here
2275:"300 bobble heads reflect Tribe pride for Cleveland fan from Oregon"
1375:"Cleveland Indians use Chief Wahoo logo one last inappropriate time"
1295:. Gray & Company, printing by Simon & Schuster. p. 17.
4302:
3774:
1004:
838:
643:
446:
183:
The Chief Wahoo logo was last worn by the Indians in a loss to the
2769:"The Mascot Name Change Controversy: A Lesson in Hypersensitivity"
2666:. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publications, Inc. p. 223.
1883:
608:
introduced special caps with each team's cap logo woven into the "
5976:
Stereotypes of Indigenous peoples of Canada and the United States
5970:
5965:
3074:"MLB pulls Chief Wahoo off Cleveland's '09 Stars and Stripes cap"
1292:
The Curse of Rocky Colavito: A Loving Look at a Thirty-Year Slump
928:
791:
names or symbols by non-native sports teams is a harmful form of
662:
sculpture versions of King Neptune and a man in a swimming pool.
647:
235:
asked players how the uniforms should look. Bavasi has described
2975:"Scenes from Spring Training: My annual Chief Wahoo observation"
1438:
The Cooperstown Symposium on Baseball and American Culture, 1998
733:
515:
as "an effort to distance the franchise from the controversy".
304:
98:
The original incarnation of Chief Wahoo, used from 1946 to 1950
2659:
1851:
383:
years of his life. He died in December 2017 at the age of 88.
31:
Logo formerly used by the Cleveland Indians baseball franchise
3660:"Cleveland unveils new team name, logos: Cleveland Guardians"
3149:"Cleveland Indians 'Chief Wahoo' Fourth of July Hat Replaced"
1898:
753:, Gaillard silkscreened the logo onto a salvaged window from
737:
591:
2663:
Encyclopedia of Sports Management and Marketing, Volumes 1–4
2608:"A chief beef: Some teams still seem insensitive to Indians"
1499:"Chief Wahoo cheers HR in Cleveland stadium (photo caption)"
207:
3805:
3050:. Cleveland Indians / Major League Baseball. Archived from
2169:. Cleveland Indians / Major League Baseball. Archived from
961:"Cleveland Indians Will Abandon Chief Wahoo Logo Next Year"
634:
called it "the most offensive Cleveland Indians hat ever".
464:
359:
Chief Wahoo on a water tower in Winter Haven, Florida, 2007
3798:"Ejected From the Field, Chief Wahoo's Still A Hot Seller"
2885:"The incremental marginalization of Chief Wahoo continues"
2728:
Intellectual Property and Traditional Cultural Expressions
2018:"Walter Goldbach, creator of Chief Wahoo logo, dies at 88"
1593:. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. p.
3025:
2836:"There Were No Chief Wahoo Hats at All-Star Game FanFest"
1792:"Chief Wahoo still a divisive symbol in Cleveland sports"
1589:
Imagining Baseball: America's Pastime and Popular Culture
1119:"All hail to the 'chief': Wahoo designer visits Emeritus"
5936:
Contemporary Native American issues in the United States
3330:"Ugly tree stump turned into Wahoo shrine for Tribe fan"
3001:"Will the AL and NL ever agree on the DH? Hey, Hoynsie!"
2036:"Cleveland Indians, Chief Wahoo statue plus Rempel doll"
1430:
1428:
1000:"Cleveland Indians will remove Chief Wahoo logo in 2019"
3535:"Talk about a long road trip – Chief Wahoo's in Berlin"
1929:"Water tower's Wahoo mug to receive delicate face-lift"
540:
controversy was heightened by Memphis' location on the
5621:
4258:
Philadelphia Athletics 18, Cleveland Indians 17 (1932)
1907:"Battle Flag of USS Cleveland retired at Jacobs Field"
579:. Explaining that Wahoo's absence from the city-owned
386:
251:
reassured him, "Nah, it shouldn't. Really looks like
5991:
1425:
494:
on October 8, 2018. Coincidentally, the game fell on
343:. The flag had previously flown over center field at
391:
An early piece of Chief Wahoo merchandise depicts a
2800:
2798:
2796:
2794:
1553:
1551:
1368:
1366:
1235:"Why are the Cleveland Indians called the Indians?"
1050:
1048:
1027:"HALL OF FAME STATEMENT ON JIM THOME'S PLAQUE LOGO"
642:Chief Wahoo has also appeared in numerous works of
129:, an outfielder for the Indians' predecessors, the
3603:
2968:
2966:
1586:
924:"Indians to stop using Wahoo logo starting in '19"
518:
441:
45:was a logo used by the Cleveland Indians (now the
3639:. American Psychological Association. August 2010
2862:"FanFest and what it might say about Chief Wahoo"
2513:. Exhibits.baseballhalloffame.org. Archived from
2489:. Sterling Publishing Company. pp. 37, 190.
2363:. Exhibits.baseballhalloffame.org. Archived from
2331:"Filmmaker screens attack on Tribe's Chief Wahoo"
1947:
1616:
1614:
310:
6015:
3552:
2791:
2721:
2719:
2699:"Clinton's Doubleheader: Two Cities, Two Sports"
2185:
1982:"Indians Leave Florida, but Wahoo Still Remains"
1854:"Cleveland's Chief Wahoo Lights Up with a Smile"
1814:
1548:
1363:
1045:
6024:20th-century controversies in the United States
3943:Former names (all in Cleveland unless noted) -
3425:
3221:"The Most Offensive Cleveland Indians Hat Ever"
2963:
2599:
2573:
558:
509:Encyclopedia of Sports Management and Marketing
3400:
3356:"Indians fan gets permanent visit from mascot"
3175:"MLB axes the Chief Wahoo July 4th cap design"
2935:
2933:
2931:
2902:
2829:
2827:
2743:"From Taft to Obama, Ceremonial First Pitches"
1996:"Winter Haven unveils water tower, city pride"
1611:
1578:
1491:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1188:Netzel, Andy; Goldbach, Walter (August 2008).
1187:
5607:
3906:
3629:
3583:
3581:
3461:
3459:
3268:
3189:
3040:
2855:
2853:
2716:
2322:
2268:
2266:
2104:
2102:
1880:"Staff at Western Reserve Historical Society"
1750:
1668:
1641:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1104:
450:Chief Wahoo appears on the sleeve of pitcher
350:
3347:
3248:
3246:
3212:
2692:
2690:
2660:Linda E. Swayne and Mark Dodds, ed. (2011).
2292:
1724:
1707:"Indians will keep logo, despite objections"
1698:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1056:"Thome HOF plaque won't feature Chief Wahoo"
231:During his tenure as president of the team,
5956:Native American mascot laws and regulations
3609:
3526:
3294:
3256:. US Department of Labor. December 11, 2002
3146:
3018:
2992:
2928:
2824:
2734:
2653:
2220:"The 18 creepiest caps for sale on MLB.com"
2159:
2054:
1921:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1393:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1069:
849:List of ethnic sports team and mascot names
779:Cleveland Indians name and logo controversy
728:In 2011, artist Cyprien Gaillard installed
511:has described the new hats and team mascot
18:Cleveland Indians name and logo controversy
5614:
5600:
3913:
3899:
3578:
3561:"Contemporary Art and Economics in Berlin"
3456:
3431:
3172:
3140:
2972:
2882:
2850:
2630:
2605:
2579:
2429:
2263:
2237:
2211:
2099:
2028:
1467:
1465:
1434:
1408:Louis Sockalexis and the Cleveland Indians
1275:
1101:
869:
867:
865:
4731:Dominican Summer League Guardians Mendoza
3767:
3321:
3243:
2687:
2548:
2546:
2544:
1988:
1973:
1732:"Chief Wahoo's Domain is Still Turbulent"
1654:. Mecklermedia Corporation. p. 127.
1620:
1584:
1136:
997:
958:
704:were scheduled to appear on the cover of
140:Another Native American baseball player,
84:In 1932, the front page of the Cleveland
70:National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum
3373:
3274:
3166:
3114:
2725:
2328:
2133:
1820:
1789:
1776:
1756:
1647:
1309:
1176:
1151:
1066:
873:
595:
562:
522:
445:
354:
317:
206:
93:
33:
4726:Dominican Summer League Guardians Goryl
3920:
3795:
3612:"Why Is this Indian Smiling—in Berlin?"
3353:
3327:
3305:. Major League Baseball. Archived from
3088:
2484:
2478:
2415:
2397:
2300:"Chief Wahoo needs an early retirement"
2247:. Major League Baseball. Archived from
2245:"Cleveland Indians 'Slider' Mascot Cap"
2111:"Fired-up Tribe ready to battle Tigers"
1979:
1904:
1704:
1517:
1473:"New Scoreboard Set for Cleveland Park"
1462:
1206:
1200:
921:
862:
637:
272:
6039:Native American cultural appropriation
6016:
3739:
3558:
3532:
3507:
3300:
3218:
3094:
2998:
2911:"Cap week: Time to retire Chief Wahoo"
2908:
2833:
2740:
2641:. Great Lakes Geek. pp. 7:22–9:15
2636:
2541:
2329:Greening, Bryant (November 11, 2006).
2078:
2072:
1905:Sheehan, Michael (September 1, 2006).
1686:from the original on December 13, 2021
1404:
1342:
1116:
6069:Native American-related controversies
6034:Stereotypes of Native American people
5595:
4743:
4178:Armando Galarraga's near-perfect game
3894:
3768:Blackburn, Pete (November 19, 2018).
3683:
3657:
3465:
3195:
3120:
2859:
2804:
2766:
2580:Sangiacomo, Michael (April 1, 2012).
2487:Baseball Uniforms of the 20th Century
2444:from the original on January 11, 2010
2435:
2272:
2217:
2108:
1288:
1209:"Owner to Decide Fate of Chief Wahoo"
1081:
998:Siemaszko, Corky (January 29, 2018).
959:Waldstein, David (January 29, 2018).
655:Employees' Compensation Appeals Board
255:." Blyleven made a similar remark to
5786:NCAA Native American mascot decision
3711:
2696:
2606:Barrientos, Tonya (March 16, 2002).
2438:"Capturing America's sports history"
2436:Hruby, Patrick (November 17, 2009).
1998:. Polk State College. April 27, 2012
1872:
1852:Western Reserve Historical Society.
1523:
1372:
1315:
993:
991:
954:
952:
950:
922:Bastian, Jordan (January 29, 2018).
501:
277:In 1994, the Indians moved from the
6054:Major League Baseball controversies
3826:
3301:Briggs, David (September 4, 2007).
3275:Dillaway, Warren (August 4, 2006).
3048:"Cleveland Indians Spring Training"
1705:Sheeran, Thomas J. (July 2, 1993).
1190:"Life According to Walter Goldbach"
1084:"The Secret History of Chief Wahoo"
723:
387:Merchandise and promotional tie-ins
367:to their new Cactus League home in
202:
13:
6059:Major League Baseball team mascots
5642:Tomahawk chop and name controversy
5623:Native American mascot controversy
3845:
3616:Indian Country Today Media Network
3513:
3432:Livingston, Tom (August 9, 2013).
3379:
3173:Calcaterra, Craig (June 6, 2013).
3153:Indian Country Today Media Network
2909:Liscio, Stephanie (May 13, 2011).
2883:Calcaterra, Craig (June 4, 2012).
2552:
2141:"Chief Wahoo Chocolate Bar Debuts"
1624:The Cleveland Indians Encyclopedia
1557:
1343:Hannon, Elliot (October 9, 2018).
1152:Pattakos, Peter (April 25, 2012).
874:Wong, Stephen; Grob, Dave (2016).
785:Native American mascot controversy
657:described the actions of a former
297:Western Reserve Historical Society
68:, with it also barred from future
62:Native American mascot controversy
14:
6080:
4744:
4222:Indians name and logo controversy
3874:
3740:Bogage, Jacob (October 9, 2018).
3354:Turrisi, T.J. (August 13, 2007).
2973:Calcaterra, Tim (March 8, 2012).
2466:. Exhibits.baseballhalloffame.org
2083:. Sports on Earth. Archived from
2081:"The All-Time Worst Mascot Fails"
1980:Sargent, Scott (March 12, 2009).
988:
947:
215:wearing a Chief Wahoo cap in 1996
102:In 1947, Cleveland Indians owner
6049:Fictional Native American people
6001:
5946:Indigenous intellectual property
4721:Arizona Complex League Guardians
3839:
3820:
3796:Barnett, David (June 28, 2019).
3789:
3761:
3733:
3705:
3677:
3651:
2947:. April 12, 2009. Archived from
2109:Marks, Craig (August 18, 2011).
2038:. Cowan Auctions. Archived from
1738:. Associated Press. July 2, 1993
1524:Wulf, Steve (January 28, 1985).
1373:Hart, Torrey (October 8, 2018).
1117:Foster, Gayle (April 15, 2012).
829:Native American name controversy
807:. However, as to maintain their
592:"Stars and stripes" logo variant
38:The final version of Chief Wahoo
5813:Fighting Sioux name controversy
3712:Webb, Craig (October 8, 2016).
3533:Suttel, Scott (July 29, 2011).
3485:
3466:Crowe, Jerry (March 22, 1987).
3066:
2876:
2760:
2741:Kepner, Tyler (April 5, 2010).
2697:Jehl, Douglas (April 5, 1994).
2529:
2511:"Cleveland uniforms, 1947–1985"
2503:
2485:Okkonen, Mark (December 1993).
2464:"Cleveland uniforms, 1901–1950"
2456:
2409:exhibits.baseballhalloffame.org
2391:exhibits.baseballhalloffame.org
2379:
2353:
2306:. April 7, 1999. Archived from
2273:Silka, Zach (October 3, 2007).
2218:Kaduk, Kevin (August 7, 2012).
2143:. June 17, 2005. Archived from
2010:
1845:
1441:. McFarland. pp. 138–153.
1336:
1245:
1227:
1033:(Press release). March 21, 2018
519:Notable uses of alternate logos
442:Depiction on Cleveland uniforms
281:to Jacobs Field (later renamed
6029:Anti-Indigenous racism in Ohio
5844:List of secondary school teams
4568:World Series championships (2)
4153:2021 MLB Little League Classic
3684:Pluto, Terry (April 1, 2016).
3610:ICTMN Staff (August 3, 2011).
3559:Marcus, J.S. (July 29, 2011).
2805:Bondy, Filip (March 8, 2007).
1821:Podolski, Mark (May 6, 2013).
1790:Podolski, Mark (May 5, 2013).
1757:McNichol, Tom (July 6, 1997).
1316:Baer, Bill (October 8, 2018).
1207:Affleck, John (May 28, 1999).
1019:
915:
772:
1:
5818:San Diego State Aztec Warrior
5718:Original Americans Foundation
4024:Opening Day starting pitchers
3658:Lyons, Matt (July 23, 2021).
3410:Tribe Tract & Testimonial
3095:Gaines, Cork (June 4, 2013).
3028:. United States Census Bureau
2999:Hoynes, Paul (May 18, 2013).
2834:Allard, Sam (July 17, 2013).
2079:Tanier, Mike (May 16, 2013).
1082:Ricca, Brad (June 19, 2014).
907:: CS1 maint: date and year (
855:
675:Tribe Tract & Testimonial
4527:American League pennants (6)
3219:Allard, Sam (June 6, 2013).
3196:Lukas, Paul (June 6, 2013).
3147:ICTMN Staff (June 6, 2013).
3121:Axisa, Mike (June 6, 2013).
2860:Neyer, Rob (July 16, 2013).
2767:Rhode, John B. (Fall 1994).
2639:"Interview with Larry Dolan"
2361:"Cleveland uniforms in 1921"
402:cartoonist Fred G. Reinert.
7:
5839:Sports teams named Redskins
4456:Division championships (12)
4360:Postseason appearances (17)
2773:Marquette Sports Law Review
1648:Bjarkman, Peter C. (1991).
880:. Smithsonian Institution.
822:
696:In 1987, Cleveland players
279:Cleveland Municipal Stadium
225:Cleveland Municipal Stadium
10:
6085:
3886:Vernon Bellecourt obituary
3539:Crain's Cleveland Business
3516:"Stained Image thumbnails"
3328:WKYC-TV (March 31, 2008).
3177:. NBC Sports Hardball Talk
1621:Schneider, Russel (2004).
776:
559:Use during spring training
351:Use during spring training
148:. On October 6, 1950, the
79:
21:
15:
5928:
5852:
5831:
5778:
5749:name and logo controversy
5736:
5688:
5681:
5659:name and logo controversy
5630:Professional sports teams
5629:
5547:
5486:
5425:
5364:
5303:
5242:
5181:
5120:
5057:
4996:
4933:
4872:
4811:
4750:
4739:
4684:
4592:
4567:
4526:
4455:
4359:
4318:
4295:
4232:Len Barker's perfect game
4163:The Longest Scoreless Tie
4125:
4100:Clearwater Athletic Field
4052:
3982:
3930:
3382:"Book Review: Time Stops"
2726:Zografos, Daphne (2010).
1585:McGimpsey, David (2000).
650:. A 2002 decision by the
53:(MLB) franchise based in
4173:Addie Joss' perfect game
4143:1994 corked bat incident
4138:1948 AL tie-breaker game
2889:NBC Sports Hardball Talk
1984:. Waiting for Next Year.
1759:"A Major-League Insult?"
1560:"Chief Wahoo, Revisited"
1526:"Baseball's Dutch Treat"
749:In another work, titled
471:Sesquicentennial patch.
247:groups, but that player
5796:Florida State Seminoles
4200:Curse of Rocky Colavito
4168:Addie Joss Benefit Game
4039:First-round draft picks
2807:"Selig's uncivil wrong"
1763:The Kingman Daily Miner
1123:The Post (Medina, Ohio)
743:The Wall Street Journal
496:Indigenous Peoples' Day
327:For several years, the
193:Indigenous Peoples' Day
6064:Native American topics
5941:Cultural appropriation
5832:Youth and school teams
4279:The Kid from Cleveland
4195:Cleveland sports curse
4148:2013 AL Wild Card Game
3495:. www.boston.com. 1987
3438:WEWS-TV News Channel 5
3076:. Yahoo!. May 20, 2009
2945:Cleveland Plain Dealer
1405:Fleitz, David (2002).
652:US Department of Labor
601:
568:
549:2013 MLB All-Star Game
528:
455:
360:
324:
216:
177:Cleveland Plain Dealer
99:
76:sold outside of Ohio.
60:As part of the larger
39:
5823:List of college teams
5766:Golden State Warriors
5703:Name change advocates
4286:The Pitch That Killed
4014:Owners and executives
3945:Grand Rapids Rustlers
3493:"Picture of SI cover"
3472:The Los Angeles Times
3408:Worldcat listing for
3026:"U.S. Census website"
2612:Philadelphia Inquirer
2555:"Wahooism in the USA"
1503:Youngstown-Vindicator
1477:The Victoria Advocate
1289:Pluto, Terry (2007).
606:Major League Baseball
599:
577:Winter Haven, Florida
566:
526:
480:Baseball Hall of Fame
449:
365:Winter Haven, Florida
358:
321:
311:Battle flag over USS
210:
97:
57:, from 1951 to 2018.
51:Major League Baseball
37:
5801:Osceola and Renegade
4709:Lake County Captains
4211:Guardians of Traffic
4095:Terry Park Ballfield
3719:Akron Beacon-Journal
2637:Hanson, Dan (2006).
2425:. December 17, 2010.
2341:on December 29, 2007
2310:on September 1, 2013
2121:on September 2, 2013
2068:. December 16, 1949.
2024:. December 15, 2017.
1680:The Morning Exchange
1263:on December 24, 2018
710:posed in front of a
638:Folk art and fan art
273:Move to Jacobs Field
6044:Cleveland Guardians
5728:Washington Redhawks
5690:Washington Redskins
4268:Ten Cent Beer Night
4133:1910 Chalmers Award
4110:Chain of Lakes Park
3923:Cleveland Guardians
3747:The Washington Post
3664:Covering the Corner
3565:Wall Street Journal
3388:on October 29, 2013
3309:on November 1, 2007
3225:The Cleveland Scene
2811:New York Daily News
2517:on October 29, 2013
2367:on October 29, 2013
2199:on October 29, 2013
2173:on October 29, 2013
2042:on October 29, 2013
1886:on October 25, 2012
1796:The Morning Journal
1536:on October 29, 2013
1241:. January 29, 2018.
1164:on January 20, 2013
1158:The Cleveland Scene
793:ethnic stereotyping
759:Palast der Republik
687:Cleveland Cavaliers
631:The Cleveland Scene
47:Cleveland Guardians
5900:Mary Kathryn Nagle
5666:Kansas City Chiefs
5654:Chicago Blackhawks
4715:Lynchburg Hillcats
4158:22-game win streak
3858:on January 9, 2021
3522:on March 22, 2011.
3444:on August 25, 2013
2747:The New York Times
2703:The New York Times
1935:. November 3, 1993
1736:The New York Times
1530:Sports Illustrated
1479:. Associated Press
1215:. Associated Press
1194:Cleveland Magazine
966:The New York Times
934:MLB Advanced Media
817:2019 All-Star Game
707:Sports Illustrated
602:
569:
529:
456:
377:Polk State College
361:
325:
258:Sports Illustrated
217:
211:Indians shortstop
171:Ohio sportswriter
100:
40:
5989:
5988:
5895:Jacqueline Keeler
5885:Suzan Shown Harjo
5875:Stephanie Fryberg
5860:Amanda Blackhorse
5774:
5773:
5744:Cleveland Indians
5708:Trademark dispute
5589:
5588:
5585:
5584:
4703:Akron RubberDucks
4697:Columbus Clippers
4343:General manager:
4116:Goodyear Ballpark
4078:Spring training:
4071:Progressive Field
4065:Cleveland Stadium
3360:Meadville Tribune
2838:. Cleveland Scene
2673:978-1-4129-7382-3
1566:on March 30, 2012
1351:. The Slate Group
1302:978-1-59851-035-5
1062:. March 21, 2018.
851:(all ethnicities)
717:Los Angeles Times
610:Stars and Stripes
581:Goodyear Ballpark
573:Goodyear, Arizona
502:Alternative logos
369:Goodyear, Arizona
345:Cleveland Stadium
283:Progressive Field
131:Cleveland Spiders
6076:
6006:
6005:
6004:
5997:
5853:Change advocates
5761:Edmonton Eskimos
5698:Name controversy
5686:
5685:
5671:name controversy
5647:Chief Noc-A-Homa
5616:
5609:
5602:
5593:
5592:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4741:
4740:
4688:
4126:Culture and lore
4105:Hi Corbett Field
3986:
3973:
3939:
3924:
3915:
3908:
3901:
3892:
3891:
3868:
3867:
3865:
3863:
3854:. Archived from
3843:
3837:
3836:
3824:
3818:
3817:
3815:
3813:
3793:
3787:
3786:
3784:
3782:
3765:
3759:
3758:
3756:
3754:
3737:
3731:
3730:
3728:
3726:
3709:
3703:
3702:
3700:
3698:
3691:The Plain Dealer
3681:
3675:
3674:
3672:
3670:
3655:
3649:
3648:
3646:
3644:
3633:
3627:
3626:
3624:
3622:
3607:
3601:
3600:
3598:
3596:
3585:
3576:
3575:
3573:
3571:
3556:
3550:
3549:
3547:
3545:
3530:
3524:
3523:
3518:. Archived from
3514:Lovano, John A.
3511:
3505:
3504:
3502:
3500:
3489:
3483:
3482:
3480:
3478:
3463:
3454:
3453:
3451:
3449:
3440:. Archived from
3429:
3423:
3422:
3404:
3398:
3397:
3395:
3393:
3384:. Archived from
3377:
3371:
3370:
3368:
3366:
3351:
3345:
3344:
3342:
3340:
3325:
3319:
3318:
3316:
3314:
3298:
3292:
3291:
3289:
3287:
3272:
3266:
3265:
3263:
3261:
3250:
3241:
3240:
3238:
3236:
3227:. Archived from
3216:
3210:
3209:
3207:
3205:
3193:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3182:
3170:
3164:
3163:
3161:
3159:
3144:
3138:
3137:
3135:
3133:
3118:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3107:
3101:Business Insider
3092:
3086:
3085:
3083:
3081:
3070:
3064:
3063:
3061:
3059:
3054:on March 7, 2013
3044:
3038:
3037:
3035:
3033:
3022:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3011:
3005:The Plain Dealer
2996:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2985:
2970:
2961:
2960:
2958:
2956:
2951:on March 4, 2016
2937:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2921:
2906:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2895:
2880:
2874:
2873:
2871:
2869:
2857:
2848:
2847:
2845:
2843:
2831:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2817:
2802:
2789:
2788:
2786:
2784:
2764:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2753:
2738:
2732:
2731:
2723:
2714:
2713:
2711:
2709:
2694:
2685:
2684:
2682:
2680:
2657:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2646:
2634:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2623:
2618:on June 18, 2004
2614:. Archived from
2603:
2597:
2596:
2594:
2592:
2586:The Plain Dealer
2577:
2571:
2570:
2568:
2566:
2557:. Archived from
2550:
2539:
2533:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2522:
2507:
2501:
2500:
2482:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2471:
2460:
2454:
2453:
2451:
2449:
2433:
2427:
2426:
2419:
2413:
2412:
2401:
2395:
2394:
2383:
2377:
2376:
2374:
2372:
2357:
2351:
2350:
2348:
2346:
2337:. Archived from
2326:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2315:
2296:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2279:The Toledo Blade
2270:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2256:
2241:
2235:
2234:
2232:
2230:
2215:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2189:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2163:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2137:
2131:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2117:. Archived from
2115:West Side Leader
2106:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2092:
2076:
2070:
2069:
2058:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2032:
2026:
2025:
2014:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2003:
1992:
1986:
1985:
1977:
1971:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1961:. March 22, 2008
1959:The Chattahoogan
1951:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1925:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1902:
1896:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1882:. Archived from
1876:
1870:
1869:
1867:
1865:
1856:. Archived from
1849:
1843:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1833:on June 15, 2013
1829:. Archived from
1818:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1802:on June 15, 2013
1798:. Archived from
1787:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1754:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1728:
1722:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1702:
1696:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1672:
1666:
1665:
1645:
1639:
1638:
1618:
1609:
1608:
1592:
1582:
1576:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1562:. Archived from
1555:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1532:. Archived from
1521:
1515:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1505:. April 23, 1978
1495:
1489:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1469:
1460:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1432:
1423:
1422:
1402:
1391:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1370:
1361:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1313:
1307:
1306:
1286:
1273:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1259:. Archived from
1249:
1243:
1242:
1231:
1225:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1204:
1198:
1197:
1185:
1174:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1160:. Archived from
1149:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1114:
1099:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1079:
1064:
1063:
1052:
1043:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1031:BaseballHall.org
1023:
1017:
1016:
1014:
1012:
995:
986:
985:
983:
981:
956:
945:
944:
942:
940:
919:
913:
912:
906:
898:
896:
894:
871:
834:Chief Noc-A-Homa
724:Other depictions
679:Cleveland Browns
454:'s uniform, 1953
432:bobblehead dolls
408:West Side Leader
288:Associated Press
203:Later variations
146:New York Yankees
127:Louis Sockalexis
6084:
6083:
6079:
6078:
6077:
6075:
6074:
6073:
6014:
6013:
6012:
6002:
6000:
5992:
5990:
5985:
5924:
5915:Charlene Teters
5848:
5827:
5791:Chief Illiniwek
5770:
5732:
5677:
5625:
5620:
5590:
5581:
5543:
5482:
5421:
5360:
5299:
5238:
5177:
5116:
5053:
4992:
4929:
4868:
4807:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4746:
4735:
4686:
4680:
4588:
4563:
4522:
4451:
4355:
4339:Chris Antonetti
4314:
4308:Cincinnati Reds
4291:
4245:Major League II
4189:Cleveland Rocks
4121:
4048:
3984:
3978:
3972:Cleveland, Ohio
3971:
3967:
3942:
3937:
3934:Established in
3926:
3922:
3919:
3877:
3872:
3871:
3861:
3859:
3852:Cleveland Scene
3844:
3840:
3827:Lacques, Gabe.
3825:
3821:
3811:
3809:
3794:
3790:
3780:
3778:
3766:
3762:
3752:
3750:
3738:
3734:
3724:
3722:
3710:
3706:
3696:
3694:
3682:
3678:
3668:
3666:
3656:
3652:
3642:
3640:
3635:
3634:
3630:
3620:
3618:
3608:
3604:
3594:
3592:
3587:
3586:
3579:
3569:
3567:
3557:
3553:
3543:
3541:
3531:
3527:
3512:
3508:
3498:
3496:
3491:
3490:
3486:
3476:
3474:
3464:
3457:
3447:
3445:
3430:
3426:
3406:
3405:
3401:
3391:
3389:
3380:Nevard, David.
3378:
3374:
3364:
3362:
3352:
3348:
3338:
3336:
3326:
3322:
3312:
3310:
3299:
3295:
3285:
3283:
3281:The Star Beacon
3273:
3269:
3259:
3257:
3252:
3251:
3244:
3234:
3232:
3231:on June 9, 2013
3217:
3213:
3203:
3201:
3194:
3190:
3180:
3178:
3171:
3167:
3157:
3155:
3145:
3141:
3131:
3129:
3119:
3115:
3105:
3103:
3093:
3089:
3079:
3077:
3072:
3071:
3067:
3057:
3055:
3046:
3045:
3041:
3031:
3029:
3024:
3023:
3019:
3009:
3007:
2997:
2993:
2983:
2981:
2971:
2964:
2954:
2952:
2939:
2938:
2929:
2919:
2917:
2915:ESPN Sweet Spot
2907:
2903:
2893:
2891:
2881:
2877:
2867:
2865:
2858:
2851:
2841:
2839:
2832:
2825:
2815:
2813:
2803:
2792:
2782:
2780:
2765:
2761:
2751:
2749:
2739:
2735:
2724:
2717:
2707:
2705:
2695:
2688:
2678:
2676:
2674:
2658:
2654:
2644:
2642:
2635:
2631:
2621:
2619:
2604:
2600:
2590:
2588:
2578:
2574:
2564:
2562:
2561:on May 14, 2013
2553:Nevard, David.
2551:
2542:
2534:
2530:
2520:
2518:
2509:
2508:
2504:
2497:
2483:
2479:
2469:
2467:
2462:
2461:
2457:
2447:
2445:
2434:
2430:
2421:
2420:
2416:
2403:
2402:
2398:
2385:
2384:
2380:
2370:
2368:
2359:
2358:
2354:
2344:
2342:
2335:The Athens News
2327:
2323:
2313:
2311:
2298:
2297:
2293:
2283:
2281:
2271:
2264:
2254:
2252:
2251:on July 2, 2012
2243:
2242:
2238:
2228:
2226:
2216:
2212:
2202:
2200:
2191:
2190:
2186:
2176:
2174:
2165:
2164:
2160:
2150:
2148:
2147:on June 5, 2013
2139:
2138:
2134:
2124:
2122:
2107:
2100:
2090:
2088:
2087:on May 20, 2013
2077:
2073:
2060:
2059:
2055:
2045:
2043:
2034:
2033:
2029:
2016:
2015:
2011:
2001:
1999:
1994:
1993:
1989:
1978:
1974:
1964:
1962:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1938:
1936:
1933:Lakeland Ledger
1927:
1926:
1922:
1912:
1910:
1903:
1899:
1889:
1887:
1878:
1877:
1873:
1863:
1861:
1850:
1846:
1836:
1834:
1827:The News-Herald
1819:
1815:
1805:
1803:
1788:
1777:
1767:
1765:
1755:
1751:
1741:
1739:
1730:
1729:
1725:
1715:
1713:
1703:
1699:
1689:
1687:
1674:
1673:
1669:
1662:
1646:
1642:
1635:
1619:
1612:
1605:
1583:
1579:
1569:
1567:
1558:Fleitz, David.
1556:
1549:
1539:
1537:
1522:
1518:
1508:
1506:
1497:
1496:
1492:
1482:
1480:
1471:
1470:
1463:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1433:
1426:
1419:
1403:
1394:
1384:
1382:
1371:
1364:
1354:
1352:
1341:
1337:
1327:
1325:
1314:
1310:
1303:
1287:
1276:
1266:
1264:
1257:Cleveland Scene
1251:
1250:
1246:
1233:
1232:
1228:
1218:
1216:
1205:
1201:
1186:
1177:
1167:
1165:
1150:
1137:
1127:
1125:
1115:
1102:
1092:
1090:
1080:
1067:
1054:
1053:
1046:
1036:
1034:
1025:
1024:
1020:
1010:
1008:
996:
989:
979:
977:
957:
948:
938:
936:
920:
916:
900:
899:
892:
890:
888:
872:
863:
858:
825:
789:Native American
783:As part of the
781:
775:
726:
640:
594:
561:
521:
504:
444:
389:
353:
316:
275:
245:Native American
205:
122:Big Chief Wahoo
82:
55:Cleveland, Ohio
32:
27:
24:Big Chief Wahoo
20:
12:
11:
5:
6082:
6072:
6071:
6066:
6061:
6056:
6051:
6046:
6041:
6036:
6031:
6026:
6011:
6010:
5987:
5986:
5984:
5983:
5978:
5973:
5968:
5963:
5958:
5953:
5948:
5943:
5938:
5932:
5930:
5926:
5925:
5923:
5922:
5917:
5912:
5907:
5902:
5897:
5892:
5890:Adrienne Keene
5887:
5882:
5877:
5872:
5867:
5862:
5856:
5854:
5850:
5849:
5847:
5846:
5841:
5835:
5833:
5829:
5828:
5826:
5825:
5820:
5815:
5810:
5809:
5808:
5806:Sammy Seminole
5803:
5793:
5788:
5782:
5780:
5776:
5775:
5772:
5771:
5769:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5757:
5756:
5751:
5740:
5738:
5734:
5733:
5731:
5730:
5725:
5720:
5715:
5710:
5705:
5700:
5694:
5692:
5683:
5679:
5678:
5676:
5675:
5674:
5673:
5663:
5662:
5661:
5651:
5650:
5649:
5644:
5637:Atlanta Braves
5633:
5631:
5627:
5626:
5619:
5618:
5611:
5604:
5596:
5587:
5586:
5583:
5582:
5580:
5579:
5574:
5569:
5562:
5557:
5551:
5549:
5545:
5544:
5542:
5541:
5536:
5531:
5526:
5521:
5516:
5511:
5506:
5501:
5496:
5490:
5488:
5484:
5483:
5481:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5429:
5427:
5423:
5422:
5420:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5368:
5366:
5362:
5361:
5359:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5323:
5318:
5313:
5307:
5305:
5301:
5300:
5298:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5246:
5244:
5240:
5239:
5237:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5185:
5183:
5179:
5178:
5176:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5124:
5122:
5118:
5117:
5115:
5114:
5109:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5061:
5059:
5055:
5054:
5052:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5011:
5006:
5000:
4998:
4994:
4993:
4991:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4937:
4935:
4931:
4930:
4928:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4876:
4874:
4870:
4869:
4867:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4815:
4813:
4809:
4808:
4806:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4754:
4752:
4748:
4747:
4737:
4736:
4734:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4717:
4711:
4705:
4699:
4692:
4690:
4682:
4681:
4679:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4596:
4594:
4593:Hall of Famers
4590:
4589:
4587:
4586:
4579:
4571:
4569:
4565:
4564:
4562:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4530:
4528:
4524:
4523:
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4331:Chairman/CEO:
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4205:Frank Robinson
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3875:External links
3873:
3870:
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3846:Pedone, Nick.
3838:
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1860:on May 4, 2013
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777:Main article:
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757:'s demolished
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659:letter carrier
639:
636:
621:Fourth of July
593:
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560:
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542:Trail of Tears
520:
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488:Houston Astros
443:
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416:Domino's Pizza
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185:Houston Astros
142:Allie Reynolds
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5981:Tomahawk chop
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5951:List of teams
5949:
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5865:Brett Chapman
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5779:College teams
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5713:Opinion polls
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4753:
4749:
4745:Seasons (130)
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4718:
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4706:
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4346:
4345:Mike Chernoff
4342:
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4328:
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4319:Key personnel
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4309:
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4083:
4081:
4080:Athletic Park
4077:
4076:
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4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4057:
4055:
4051:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4034:Award winners
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
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3991:
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3882:
3879:
3878:
3862:September 15,
3857:
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3494:
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3477:September 13,
3473:
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3255:
3249:
3247:
3230:
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3215:
3199:
3198:""C" No Evil"
3192:
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3169:
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3117:
3102:
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3049:
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3006:
3002:
2995:
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2955:September 19,
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2506:
2498:
2496:0-8069-8491-0
2492:
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2465:
2459:
2448:September 13,
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2240:
2225:
2224:Yahoo! Sports
2221:
2214:
2198:
2194:
2188:
2172:
2168:
2167:"Wahoo Women"
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1322:nbcsports.com
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2979:NBC Sports
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