436:
559:
282:
330:
295:
eyes and large, erect ears, set in a high, dramatically rounded skull. The stop is well defined, forming a near-90-degree angle where the muzzle meets the skull. Dogs of the older "deer" type, with a flat-topped head, more widely set eyes, larger ears, and longer, more slender legs, may still be registered, but the deer head is not considered a separate type in competition and a deer-head dog's digression from the breed standard is considered a fault.
1949:
268:
52:
856:. Ed. Jesus Paniagua Perez. Valladolid: Junta de Castilla / León: Universidad de León, 2007, p. 244: "even in the desert the tiny dogs could be found, hunting rats, mice, and lizards." The footnote that follows alludes to starving Conquistadores reportedly hunting and stewing the dogs (Universidad Veracruzana, Arquivo Viejo, XXVI.2711).
317:
Pet
Chihuahuas (those bred or purchased as companions rather than as show dogs) often range above these weights, even above 10 lb (4.5 kg), if they have large bone structures or are allowed to become overweight. This does not mean that they are not purebred Chihuahuas; they just do not meet
294:
Chihuahuas are the smallest breed recognized by some kennel clubs. Current breed standards defined by registries specify an "apple-head" or "apple-dome" skull conformation. Chihuahuas occur in virtually any color combination, from solid to marked or splashed. Apple-dome
Chihuahuas have large, round
301:
for this dog do not generally specify a height; only a weight and a description of their overall proportions. Generally, the height ranges between 6 and 9 in (15 and 23 cm); however, some dogs grow as tall as 30 to 38 cm (12 to 15 in). Both
British and American breed standards
412:
A 2018 study in Japan of pet cemetery data found the
Chihuahua to have an average life expectancy of 11.8 years compared to 15.1 for crossbreeds and 13.7 overall. A 2022 UK study on life expectancy of dog breeds based on veterinary data showed the average life expectancy to be 7.91 for the breed
223:
entered North
America from Siberia roughly 10,000 years ago, and were then isolated for some 9,000 years until the arrival of the first Europeans; these pre-contact dogs exhibited a unique genetic signature that is now almost gone. A study based on sequencing of ancient dog genomes, published in
1540:
Roccaro, Mariana; Salini, Romolo; Pietra, Marco; Sgorbini, Micaela; Gori, Eleonora; Dondi, Maurizio; Crisi, Paolo E.; Conte, Annamaria; Dalla Villa, Paolo; Podaliri, Michele; Ciaramella, Paolo; Di Palma, Cristina; Passantino, Annamaria; Porciello, Francesco; Gianella, Paola; Guglielmini, Carlo;
322:. Oversized Chihuahuas are seen in some of the best, and worst, bloodlines. Chihuahuas do not breed true for size, and puppies from the same litter can mature in drastically different sizes from one another. Also, larger breeding females are less likely to experience
895:
Coile, C. (2013). Chihuahuas: Everything about purchase, care, nutrition, behavior, and training. Hauppauge, NY: Barron's
Educational Series, p. 7: "Only in 1904 did the American Kennel Club (AKC) register its first Chihuahua; a total of five were registered that
309:
However, the
British standard also states that a weight of 4–6 lb (1.8–2.7 kg) is preferred. A clause stating "if two dogs are equally good in type, the more diminutive one is preferred" was removed in 2009. The
560:
345:
decided not to register puppies with this coloration due to the health risks associated with the responsible gene, and in
December of that year, formally amended its breed standard to disqualify merle dogs.
584:
The
Japanese study reviewed cemetery data which is unlikely to have any records of still-births and altricial deaths whilst a veterinary clinic likely would have data on these.
413:
compared to 11.82 years for crossbreeds. A 2024 UK study found a life expectancy of 11.8 years for the breed compared to an average of 12.7 for purebreeds and 12 for
2011:
326:(obstructed labor). Many breeders try to breed Chihuahuas to be as small as possible, because those marketed as "teacup" or "tiny teacup" demand higher prices.
1053:
1253:. Wheathampstead, Hertfordshire: The International Animal Welfare Science Society/Universities Federation for Animal Welfare. Accessed February 2021.
1593:
224:
2020, suggests that this pre-colonial ancestry survives in two
Mexican breeds, to the extent of about 4% in the Chihuahua (and some 3% in the
314:
standard calls for dogs ideally between 1.5 and 3.0 kg (3.3 and 6.6 lbs), although smaller ones are acceptable in the show ring.
311:
139:
1491:
McMillan, Kirsten M.; Bielby, Jon; Williams, Carys L.; Upjohn, Melissa M.; Casey, Rachel A.; Christley, Robert M. (February 1, 2024).
2016:
231:
Colonial records refer to small, nearly hairless dogs at the beginning of the nineteenth century; one claims that sixteenth-century
1903:
866:
1631:
1196:
Paul D. McGreevy, Dana Georgevsky, Johanna Carrasco, Michael Valenzuela, Deborah L. Duffy, James A. Serpell (December 2013).
954:
1739:
1664:
1138:
1356:
1234:
991:
627:
337:
The Fédération Cynologique Internationale, which represents the major kennel clubs of 84 countries, disqualified the
906:
386:
17:
405:
in 2001, the Chihuahua was found to have the lowest incidence of the six breeds studied. The predisposition to
1061:
1719:
1426:
Teng, Kendy Tzu-yun; Brodbelt, Dave C.; Pegram, Camilla; Church, David B.; O’Neill, Dan G. (April 28, 2022).
349:
Like many other small dogs, the Chihuahua may display above-average aggression toward people and other dogs.
1197:
1164:
417:. A 2024 Italian study found a life expectancy of 8.5 years for the breed compared to 10 years overall.
1896:
1263:
2026:
435:
1689:
983:
The Everything Chihuahua Book: A Complete Guide to Raising, Training, And Caring for Your Chihuahua
459:
406:
394:
378:
366:
2006:
471:
1844:
1657:
358:
1428:"Life tables of annual life expectancy and mortality for companion dogs in the United Kingdom"
1317:
692:
Colour: All colours in all possible shades and combinations are admitted, except merle colour.
1889:
1346:
1120:
390:
370:
1222:
1029:
640:
1769:
1439:
742:
708:
362:
251:
220:
672:
420:
A UK study found the Chihuahua bitch to be more than 10.4 times more likely to experience
235:
found them plentiful in the region later known as Chihuahua. In a letter written in 1520,
8:
2021:
1980:
1729:
1296:
1086:
704:
603:
402:
374:
244:
144:
1525:
1492:
1443:
746:
1789:
1749:
1468:
1427:
1403:
1370:
1246:
870:
835:
822:
797:
778:
765:
730:
449:
382:
303:
185:
31:
2001:
1854:
1759:
1650:
1627:
1574:
1512:
1473:
1455:
1408:
1390:
1352:
1230:
987:
950:
839:
827:
782:
770:
623:
477:
319:
193:
1559:
1542:
1279:
874:
1564:
1554:
1520:
1504:
1463:
1447:
1398:
1382:
1371:"Estimating the life expectancy of companion dogs in Japan using pet cemetery data"
1329:
1275:
1262:
P. Oliveira, O. Domenech, J. Silva, S. Vannini, R. Bussadori, C. Bussadori (2011).
1205:
1180:
1176:
817:
809:
760:
750:
571:
501:
338:
201:
175:
236:
1932:
1839:
1834:
1734:
1724:
1541:
Alborali, Giovanni L.; Rota Nodari, Sara; Sabatelli, Sonia; Peli, Angelo (2024).
1209:
1112:
981:
942:
342:
1694:
1124:
1013:
1937:
1814:
1744:
1714:
1699:
1508:
1451:
1229:, third edition. Ames, Iowa; Chichester, West Sussex; Oxford: Wiley Blackwell.
854:
Exposición sucinta y sencilla de la Provincia del Nuevo México y otros escritos
398:
329:
298:
232:
225:
1849:
1794:
302:
state that a Chihuahua must not weigh more than 5.9 lb (2.7 kg) for
1995:
1881:
1764:
1704:
1684:
1619:
1578:
1516:
1459:
1394:
813:
755:
1799:
1754:
1594:"New study reveals flat faced dogs have the highest risk when giving birth"
1477:
1412:
1142:
831:
774:
281:
254:
first registered a Chihuahua in 1904, Midget, owned by H. Raynor of Texas.
160:
1824:
1784:
1386:
441:
216:
1569:
1774:
1333:
682:. The Fédération Cynologique Internationale. October 4, 2019. p. 5
1809:
1779:
1804:
1024:
1022:
197:
728:
1964:
1829:
1493:"Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death"
1318:
A review of the frequency and impact of periodontal disease in dogs
1297:
Dental diseases of dogs: a retrospective study of radiological data
465:
454:
421:
323:
205:
1019:
51:
1927:
1709:
1673:
414:
189:
267:
1948:
1913:
1870:
606:. Fédération Cynologique Internationale. Accessed October 2022.
240:
1198:
Dog Behavior Co-Varies with Height, Bodyweight and Skull Shape
1543:"Factors related to longevity and mortality of dogs in Italy"
907:"Chihuahua History: From Aztec Treasure to Popular Companion"
795:
543:
531:
516:
504:
1490:
1264:
Retrospective Review of Congenital Heart Disease in 976 Dogs
1642:
1539:
549:
522:
1819:
1369:
INOUE, Mai; KWAN, Nigel C. L.; SUGIURA, Katsuaki (2018).
507:
287:
A shorthair apple-head Chihuahua, showing pronounced stop
1425:
1381:(7). Japanese Society of Veterinary Science: 1153–1158.
30:"Chihuahuas" redirects here. For the baseball team, see
1163:
Deborah L. Duffy, Yuying Hsu, James A. Serpell (2008).
1092:. Fédération Cynologique Internationale. July 28, 2009
867:"Hernan Cortés: from Second Letter to Charles V, 1520"
650:. The American Kennel Club. October 1, 2008. p. 2
540:
528:
519:
513:
1438:(1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 6415.
1141:. Thekennelclub.org.uk. May 15, 2006. Archived from
729:
Ní Leathlobhair, Máire; et al. (July 6, 2018).
431:
1225:. In: Curtis W. Dewey, Ronaldo C. Da Costa (2016).
537:
510:
731:"The evolutionary history of dogs in the Americas"
1348:Breed Predispositions to Disease in Dogs and Cats
2012:Dog breeds originating from Indigenous Americans
1993:
1368:
1223:Signalment and History: The First Considerations
940:
798:"Origins and genetic legacy of prehistoric dogs"
1247:Chihuahua (long and smooth coat): Hydrocephalus
936:
934:
932:
930:
928:
722:
1911:
1503:(1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
1227:Practical Guide to Canine and Feline Neurology
975:
973:
622:, second edition. London: Dorling Kindersley.
1897:
1658:
1251:Genetic Welfare Problems of Companion Animals
1221:Curtis W. Dewey, Ronaldo C. Da Costa (2016).
660:Color: Any color - Solid, marked or splashed.
925:
852:Pedro Baptista Pino y Juan Lopez Cancelada,
789:
604:FCI-Standard N° 218: Chihuahueño (Chihuahua)
970:
546:
1904:
1890:
1665:
1651:
50:
1568:
1558:
1524:
1467:
1402:
821:
764:
754:
1111:Segovia, Stacey Smith (March 21, 2004).
333:A one-eyed Chihuahua relaxes by a window
328:
1268:Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine
1110:
796:Bergström, Anders; et al. (2020).
192:. It is named for the Mexican state of
14:
1994:
1165:Breed differences in canine aggression
1081:
1079:
979:
341:, which appears mottled. In May 2007,
273:A shorthair deer-head Chihuahua's head
1885:
1740:English Toy Terrier (Black & Tan)
1646:
1618:
1375:Journal of Veterinary Medical Science
1339:
1215:
570:
312:Fédération Cynologique Internationale
140:Fédération Cynologique Internationale
1310:
1291:V. Butković, M. Šimpraga, M. Šehić,
1285:
1256:
1240:
1190:
1157:
1030:"Official Standard of the Chihuahua"
641:"Official Standard of the Chihuahua"
614:
612:
105:short-haired (smooth) or long-haired
1316:C. Wallis, L. J. Holcombe (2020).
1076:
1014:American Kennel Club Chihuahua page
1007:
597:
24:
1591:
1345:Alex Gough, Alison Thomas (2004).
941:Charlotte Wilcox (April 1, 1999).
393:; it has a mild predisposition to
257:
25:
2038:
1626:(3rd ed.). Pearson Longman.
609:
578:
196:and is among the smallest of all
113:all colors admitted, except merle
2017:Dog breeds originating in Mexico
1947:
1624:Longman Pronunciation Dictionary
1351:. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
1322:Journal of Small Animal Practice
1169:Applied Animal Behaviour Science
500:
490:
434:
280:
266:
1612:
1585:
1560:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106155
1533:
1484:
1419:
1362:
1280:10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.0711.x
1175:(3–4, December 2008): 441–460.
1131:
1104:
1046:
986:. Adams Media. pp. 16–18.
899:
889:
859:
409:is believed to be significant.
387:necrotizing meningoencephalitis
1547:Preventive Veterinary Medicine
1181:10.1016/j.applanim.2008.04.006
846:
697:
665:
633:
13:
1:
1720:Cavalier King Charles Spaniel
1016:, retrieved on July 29, 2007.
980:Walker, Joan Hustace (2006).
591:
1672:
1210:10.1371/journal.pone.0080529
1139:"Kennel Club breed standard"
705:"The 25 Smallest Dog Breeds"
318:the requirements to enter a
7:
620:The Complete Dog Breed Book
618:Kim Dennis-Bryan (2020 )).
427:
10:
2043:
1509:10.1038/s41598-023-50458-w
1452:10.1038/s41598-022-10341-6
949:. Capstone. pp. 4–5.
211:
200:. It is usually kept as a
89:8–23 cm (3–9 in)
29:
1973:
1957:
1944:
1920:
1863:
1680:
460:The Ren & Stimpy Show
352:
179:
154:
143:
138:
133:
129:
120:
117:
112:
109:
104:
101:
97:1–3 kg (2–7 lb)
96:
93:
88:
85:
80:
76:
68:
58:
49:
44:
1690:Australian Silky Terrier
1598:Royal Veterinary College
483:
407:medial patellar luxation
395:congenital heart disease
379:congenital hydrocephalus
367:atlantoaxial instability
1185:(subscription required)
814:10.1126/science.aba9572
756:10.1126/science.aao4776
472:Beverly Hills Chihuahua
357:The Chihuahua has some
1845:Toy Manchester Terrier
1600:. University of London
359:genetic predisposition
334:
1301:Acta Veterinaria Brno
391:neuroaxonal dystrophy
371:ceroid lipofuscinosis
363:neurological diseases
332:
134:Kennel club standards
1912:Dogs originating in
1770:King Charles Spaniel
1387:10.1292/jvms.17-0384
1113:"Runt of the litter"
1087:"Chihuahua standard"
1058:thekennelclub.org.uk
911:American Kennel Club
709:American Kennel Club
252:American Kennel Club
221:native American dogs
27:Mexican breed of dog
1981:Dogs in Mesoamerica
1730:Chinese Crested Dog
1444:2022NatSR..12.6415T
1064:on October 30, 2017
747:2018Sci...361...81N
457:from Nickelodeon's
403:periodontal disease
375:congenital deafness
1790:Miniature Pinscher
1750:Griffon Bruxellois
1497:Scientific Reports
1432:Scientific Reports
1334:10.1111/jsap.13218
1145:on January 3, 2009
1117:The Leaf Chronicle
877:on August 23, 2014
871:Fordham University
572:[tʃiˈwawa]
450:List of dog breeds
383:muscular dystrophy
339:merle coat pattern
335:
32:El Paso Chihuahuas
1989:
1988:
1879:
1878:
1855:Yorkshire Terrier
1760:Italian Greyhound
1633:978-1-4058-8118-0
1622:(April 3, 2008).
1054:"The Kennel Club"
956:978-0-7368-0158-4
913:. January 6, 2022
808:(6516): 557–564.
478:Chihuahua (state)
320:conformation show
168:
167:
150:
149:
125:
124:
16:(Redirected from
2034:
2027:Mexican folklore
1952:
1951:
1906:
1899:
1892:
1883:
1882:
1795:Miniature Poodle
1667:
1660:
1653:
1644:
1643:
1638:
1637:
1616:
1610:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1592:Packer, Rowena.
1589:
1583:
1582:
1572:
1562:
1537:
1531:
1530:
1528:
1488:
1482:
1481:
1471:
1423:
1417:
1416:
1406:
1366:
1360:
1343:
1337:
1314:
1308:
1289:
1283:
1260:
1254:
1244:
1238:
1219:
1213:
1194:
1188:
1186:
1161:
1155:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1135:
1129:
1128:
1108:
1102:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1091:
1083:
1074:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1060:. Archived from
1050:
1044:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1034:
1026:
1017:
1011:
1005:
1004:
1002:
1000:
977:
968:
967:
965:
963:
938:
923:
922:
920:
918:
903:
897:
893:
887:
886:
884:
882:
873:. Archived from
863:
857:
850:
844:
843:
825:
793:
787:
786:
768:
758:
726:
720:
719:
717:
715:
701:
695:
694:
689:
687:
677:
669:
663:
662:
657:
655:
645:
637:
631:
616:
607:
601:
585:
582:
576:
574:
569:
565:
564:
563:
562:
555:
552:
551:
548:
545:
542:
539:
534:
533:
530:
525:
524:
521:
518:
515:
512:
509:
506:
499:
494:
444:
439:
438:
401:study of canine
284:
270:
243:raised and sold
202:companion animal
183:
163:
157:
131:
130:
121:12 years or more
78:
77:
61:
54:
42:
41:
21:
2042:
2041:
2037:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2032:
2031:
1992:
1991:
1990:
1985:
1969:
1953:
1946:
1942:
1916:
1910:
1880:
1875:
1859:
1840:Toy Fox Terrier
1835:Tibetan Spaniel
1735:Coton de Tulear
1676:
1671:
1641:
1634:
1617:
1613:
1603:
1601:
1590:
1586:
1538:
1534:
1489:
1485:
1424:
1420:
1367:
1363:
1344:
1340:
1315:
1311:
1290:
1286:
1261:
1257:
1245:
1241:
1220:
1216:
1195:
1191:
1184:
1162:
1158:
1148:
1146:
1137:
1136:
1132:
1109:
1105:
1095:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1084:
1077:
1067:
1065:
1052:
1051:
1047:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1028:
1027:
1020:
1012:
1008:
998:
996:
994:
978:
971:
961:
959:
957:
939:
926:
916:
914:
905:
904:
900:
894:
890:
880:
878:
865:
864:
860:
851:
847:
794:
790:
741:(6397): 81–85.
727:
723:
713:
711:
703:
702:
698:
685:
683:
675:
671:
670:
666:
653:
651:
643:
639:
638:
634:
617:
610:
602:
598:
594:
589:
588:
583:
579:
567:
558:
557:
536:
527:
503:
497:
496:
495:
491:
486:
440:
433:
430:
355:
343:The Kennel Club
299:Breed standards
292:
291:
290:
289:
288:
285:
276:
275:
274:
271:
260:
258:Characteristics
239:wrote that the
214:
184:) is a Mexican
159:
155:
59:
40:
35:
28:
23:
22:
18:Chihuahua (dog)
15:
12:
11:
5:
2040:
2030:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2007:Companion dogs
2004:
1987:
1986:
1984:
1983:
1977:
1975:
1971:
1970:
1968:
1967:
1961:
1959:
1955:
1954:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1940:
1938:Xoloitzcuintle
1935:
1930:
1924:
1922:
1918:
1917:
1909:
1908:
1901:
1894:
1886:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1873:
1864:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1815:Pomeranian dog
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1745:French Bulldog
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1715:Boston Terrier
1712:
1707:
1702:
1700:Biewer Terrier
1697:
1692:
1687:
1681:
1678:
1677:
1670:
1669:
1662:
1655:
1647:
1640:
1639:
1632:
1611:
1584:
1532:
1483:
1418:
1361:
1338:
1309:
1284:
1255:
1239:
1214:
1189:
1156:
1130:
1103:
1075:
1045:
1018:
1006:
992:
969:
955:
924:
898:
888:
858:
845:
788:
721:
696:
664:
632:
608:
595:
593:
590:
587:
586:
577:
488:
487:
485:
482:
481:
480:
475:
468:
463:
452:
446:
445:
429:
426:
399:radiographical
354:
351:
286:
279:
278:
277:
272:
265:
264:
263:
262:
261:
259:
256:
233:conquistadores
226:Xoloitzcuintli
213:
210:
166:
165:
152:
151:
148:
147:
142:
136:
135:
127:
126:
123:
122:
119:
118:Life span
115:
114:
111:
107:
106:
103:
99:
98:
95:
91:
90:
87:
83:
82:
74:
73:
70:
66:
65:
62:
56:
55:
47:
46:
38:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2039:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1982:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1972:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1956:
1950:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1907:
1902:
1900:
1895:
1893:
1888:
1887:
1884:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1862:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1765:Japanese Chin
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1705:Bolognese dog
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1685:Affenpinscher
1683:
1682:
1679:
1675:
1668:
1663:
1661:
1656:
1654:
1649:
1648:
1645:
1635:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1615:
1599:
1595:
1588:
1580:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1536:
1527:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1487:
1479:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1422:
1414:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1365:
1358:
1357:9781405107488
1354:
1350:
1349:
1342:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1313:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1288:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1259:
1252:
1248:
1243:
1236:
1235:9781119946113
1232:
1228:
1224:
1218:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1193:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1160:
1144:
1140:
1134:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1107:
1088:
1082:
1080:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1049:
1031:
1025:
1023:
1015:
1010:
995:
993:9781440523687
989:
985:
984:
976:
974:
958:
952:
948:
947:The Chihuahua
944:
943:"Quick Facts"
937:
935:
933:
931:
929:
917:September 28,
912:
908:
902:
892:
876:
872:
868:
862:
855:
849:
841:
837:
833:
829:
824:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
792:
784:
780:
776:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
725:
710:
706:
700:
693:
681:
674:
673:"CHIHUAHUEÑO"
668:
661:
649:
642:
636:
629:
628:9780241412732
625:
621:
615:
613:
605:
600:
596:
581:
573:
561:
554:
493:
489:
479:
476:
474:
473:
469:
467:
464:
462:
461:
456:
453:
451:
448:
447:
443:
437:
432:
425:
423:
418:
416:
410:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
365:, among them
364:
360:
350:
347:
344:
340:
331:
327:
325:
321:
315:
313:
307:
305:
300:
296:
283:
269:
255:
253:
248:
246:
242:
238:
237:Hernan Cortés
234:
229:
227:
222:
219:suggest that
218:
209:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
182:
177:
173:
162:
153:
146:
141:
137:
132:
128:
116:
108:
100:
92:
84:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
57:
53:
48:
43:
37:
33:
19:
1867:
1800:Papillon dog
1755:Havanese dog
1695:Bichon Frisé
1623:
1614:
1602:. Retrieved
1597:
1587:
1570:11585/961937
1550:
1546:
1535:
1500:
1496:
1486:
1435:
1431:
1421:
1378:
1374:
1364:
1347:
1341:
1325:
1321:
1312:
1304:
1300:
1292:
1287:
1271:
1267:
1258:
1250:
1242:
1237:, pages 1–8.
1226:
1217:
1201:
1192:
1172:
1168:
1159:
1147:. Retrieved
1143:the original
1133:
1116:
1106:
1094:. Retrieved
1066:. Retrieved
1062:the original
1057:
1048:
1038:November 12,
1036:. Retrieved
1009:
997:. Retrieved
982:
960:. Retrieved
946:
915:. Retrieved
910:
901:
891:
879:. Retrieved
875:the original
861:
853:
848:
805:
801:
791:
738:
734:
724:
712:. Retrieved
699:
691:
684:. Retrieved
679:
667:
659:
652:. Retrieved
647:
635:
619:
599:
580:
492:
470:
458:
419:
411:
356:
348:
336:
316:
308:
304:conformation
297:
293:
249:
230:
215:
180:
171:
169:
161:domestic dog
36:
1825:Russkiy Toy
1785:Maltese dog
1620:Wells, John
1328:: 529–540.
1274:: 477-483.
1096:October 25,
1068:October 17,
714:January 26,
442:Dogs portal
415:crossbreeds
361:to several
245:little dogs
217:DNA studies
181:Chihuahueño
64:Chihuahueño
60:Other names
2022:FCI breeds
1996:Categories
1850:Toy Poodle
1775:Lhasa Apso
1553:: 106155.
1307:: 203–208.
1149:August 14,
592:References
198:dog breeds
1933:Chihuahua
1805:Pekingese
1725:Chihuahua
1604:March 13,
1579:0167-5877
1517:2045-2322
1460:2045-2322
1395:0916-7250
1295:. (2001)
1125:441596979
881:March 25,
840:225956269
783:206663458
498:English:
247:as food.
194:Chihuahua
172:Chihuahua
45:Chihuahua
39:Dog breed
2002:Toy dogs
1965:Techichi
1830:Shih Tzu
1674:Toy dogs
1526:10834484
1478:35484374
1413:29798968
1121:ProQuest
999:June 15,
962:March 1,
832:33122379
775:29976825
686:June 19,
654:June 19,
568:Spanish:
466:Techichi
455:Ren Hoek
428:See also
422:dystocia
324:dystocia
145:standard
1974:Related
1958:Extinct
1928:Calupoh
1810:Phalène
1780:Löwchen
1710:Bolonka
1469:9050668
1440:Bibcode
1404:6068313
1202:PlosOne
823:7116352
802:Science
766:7116273
743:Bibcode
735:Science
648:akc.org
397:. In a
389:, and
212:History
206:showing
204:or for
190:toy dog
176:Spanish
1921:Extant
1914:Mexico
1871:Bichon
1868:Types:
1630:
1577:
1523:
1515:
1476:
1466:
1458:
1411:
1401:
1393:
1355:
1233:
1123:
990:
953:
896:year."
838:
830:
820:
781:
773:
763:
680:fci.be
626:
353:Health
241:Aztecs
94:Weight
86:Height
81:Traits
72:Mexico
69:Origin
1293:et al
1090:(PDF)
1033:(PDF)
836:S2CID
779:S2CID
676:(PDF)
644:(PDF)
556:
484:Notes
186:breed
110:Color
1628:ISBN
1606:2024
1575:ISSN
1513:ISSN
1474:PMID
1456:ISSN
1409:PMID
1391:ISSN
1353:ISBN
1231:ISBN
1151:2009
1098:2011
1070:2013
1040:2019
1001:2019
988:ISBN
964:2013
951:ISBN
919:2022
883:2014
828:PMID
771:PMID
716:2021
688:2024
656:2024
624:ISBN
250:The
174:(or
170:The
102:Coat
1820:Pug
1565:hdl
1555:doi
1551:225
1521:PMC
1505:doi
1464:PMC
1448:doi
1399:PMC
1383:doi
1330:doi
1276:doi
1206:doi
1177:doi
1173:114
818:PMC
810:doi
806:370
761:PMC
751:doi
739:361
228:).
188:of
156:Dog
1998::
1596:.
1573:.
1563:.
1549:.
1545:.
1519:.
1511:.
1501:14
1499:.
1495:.
1472:.
1462:.
1454:.
1446:.
1436:12
1434:.
1430:.
1407:.
1397:.
1389:.
1379:80
1377:.
1373:.
1326:61
1324:.
1320:.
1305:70
1303:.
1299:.
1272:25
1270:.
1266:.
1249:.
1204:.
1200:.
1183:.
1171:.
1167:.
1119:.
1115:.
1078:^
1056:.
1021:^
972:^
945:.
927:^
909:.
869:.
834:.
826:.
816:.
804:.
800:.
777:.
769:.
759:.
749:.
737:.
733:.
707:.
690:.
678:.
658:.
646:.
611:^
566:;
544:aʊ
535:,-
532:ɑː
526:,-
517:ɑː
505:tʃ
424:.
385:,
381:,
377:,
373:,
369:,
306:.
208:.
178::
1905:e
1898:t
1891:v
1666:e
1659:t
1652:v
1636:.
1608:.
1581:.
1567::
1557::
1529:.
1507::
1480:.
1450::
1442::
1415:.
1385::
1359:.
1336:.
1332::
1282:.
1278::
1212:.
1208::
1187:.
1179::
1153:.
1127:.
1100:.
1072:.
1042:.
1003:.
966:.
921:.
885:.
842:.
812::
785:.
753::
745::
718:.
630:.
575:.
553:/
550:ə
547:.
541:w
538:ˈ
529:w
523:ə
520:w
514:w
511:ˈ
508:ɪ
502:/
164:)
158:(
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
