1386:, refundable child care tax credits and housing vouchers. The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child concludes that for a family in poverty, if the parents are unable to fulfill their duties as financial caregivers for their children, the state is expected to fill in to maintain the health and wellbeing of the children. This declaration argues that the responsibility to address child poverty should not solely be placed on the parents and caregivers of the children but taken up by the states of which the children are inhabiting. While many welfare states are working to improve their welfare programs, issues of citizenship and citizenship policies often negate the state's ability to combat poverty efficiently, thus sustaining the child and their family's impoverished status in society. Combating poverty in developed countries also means improving the schools that exist there. In order to help children in poverty, schools need to invest more money in school meals, libraries, and healthcare. To effectively address economic, demographic and cultural changes, economic and social service strategies to reverse the factors that generated the urban underclass, such as providing jobs and social services policies that deal with the effects of isolation, should be implemented. Finally, in order to reduce the cycle of poverty for children and families, policies should be aimed at expanding economic opportunities especially for disadvantaged girls.
1360:, lack of resources and harsh environmental conditions afflict many of these countries, contributing to their poverty. These factors are a major cause of death, which in turn leads to a higher number of single parents and orphaned children. All UN member states have ratified the 1989 Convention on the Rights of the Child, with the exception of the United States and South Sudan, which aims at reducing violations to a number of rights relevant to reducing child poverty in different countries. A review published by UNICEF in 2009, found declines in under five mortality, less child malnourishment, increases in breastfeeding, improved water systems and better education access. It also states that despite these improvements 24 000 children still die each day from mostly preventable diseases, 150 million 5- to 14-year-olds are involved in child labour and 100 million primary aged children go without schooling. There are still great inequalities within populations, with girls and children from rural areas more likely to suffer poor health, education and survival than boys and urban populations. Notable state attempts to tackle child poverty in the developing world, include Brazil's Bolsa Familia initiative (reaches 12 million households) and South Africa's Child Grant (7 million households. Elsewhere, child specific social protection policies and programmes are few and the institutions to implement them are often lacking.
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incentives shape behavior to produce less poverty. The effects of poverty such as cognitive burden, bias, and stress are known to encourage behavior that perpetuates poverty, for example by reducing educational attainment or not investing in insurance. There is strong evidence that growing up in poverty feeds back into behavior that increases the chance of poverty for the next generation. Some attribute these tendencies to culture or problematic incentives, though the relationship between poverty and behaviors is not well-established. For example, single motherhood is associated with childhood poverty, especially in developing countries. However, in 19 of 29 rich democracies, single parenthood is not significantly associated with childhood poverty. In the U.S., the association between single motherhood and poverty has been falling since the 1970s, and childhood poverty is now much more closely associated with parental employment than marriage status. The
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data on the children and their families health, malnutrition, literacy, access to services and other indicators of poverty. Reports are available for these four countries that comparing the initial data obtained in 2002 with data from 2006. Peru, Vietnam and India have shown economic growth and a reduction in poverty over this time, but large inequalities still exist between rural and urban areas, and among ethnic groups. This is particularly obvious in India, a country with the second largest population of billionaires but also home to 25% of the world's poor. Ethiopia, one of the poorest countries in the world, has also shown slight economic growth and reduction in poverty. Inequalities still exist, with boys more likely to be malnourished than girls and more absolute poverty in rural areas, although relative poverty is higher in urban areas. This data was collected before the 2008 drought and the recent increase in
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changes, but relative poverty thresholds are developed with reference to the actual income of the population and reflect changes in consumption. The absolute poverty threshold is the money needed to purchase a defined quantity of goods and services, and every threshold generally reflects the minimum income required to acquire necessities of life. However, a caveat is that as a family that earns above a set threshold may still choose to not spend on the need of their children. Certain organizations, such as the World Bank and the
International Monetary Fund, use the absolute poverty threshold of US$ 1 a day to measure poverty in developing countries. Since the 1960s, the US has used an absolute poverty threshold adjusted for family size and composition to determine those living in poverty.
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each indicator and these were used to establish how many children were living in poverty. The values included: heights and weights more than 3 deviations below the international median, children with access only to rivers and other surface water, no access to toilets, no immunisations, no access to medical advice, living in dwellings with more than five people per room, no school attendance and no access to newspapers or other media. Out of a population of 1.8 billion children from developing nations, 56% were below at least one of these measurements. In Sub-Saharan Africa and
Southern Asia, this number increased to over 80%, with the rural children from these areas the worst affected.
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in costly social activities that are financially unfeasible. These children can become isolated when their families decide to remove themselves publicly from their communities to avoid the humiliation and shame of their socioeconomic status and inability to provide a comfortable living both physically, emotionally, and mentally for their children. Children and young adults often develop strategies to manage their family's financial hardships, including coping strategies to help support their family via resourcefulness as well as finding ways to deal psychologically with their lack of access to resources and excessive expenditure of mental and physical energy on stress and anxiety.
1281:. Strong evidence suggests that children of low income parents have an increased risk of intellectual and behavioral development problems. Large negative associations between poverty during early childhood and academic outcomes have been consistently found in many studies. Furthermore, children in poverty have a greater risk of displaying behavior and emotional problems, such as impulsiveness and difficulty getting along with peers, and family poverty is associated with higher risk for teen childbearing, less positive peer relations, and lower self-esteem. These behaviors increase the chances of children who grew up in poverty to stay in poverty.
1108:, children across the globe were removed from their in-person classrooms due to school closures and began remote learning from home. In the United States and European countries, the closure of schools meant that children living in poverty who were experiencing food insecurity at home were not able to receive the daily school lunches that they would otherwise receive when attending school. The loss of schools as a resource for resolving food insecurity not only has an effect on children's physical hunger, but also has a negative effect on educational attainment and mental health for children from low socioeconomic backgrounds.
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mid-twenties. Paternal income is also strongly associated with adult economic status. The
National Academy of Sciences found that "childhood poverty and chronic stress may lead to problems regulating emotions as an adult". Not only can growing up in poverty affect physical health, it can have an effect on your future as well. Growing up in poverty has been statistically proven to increase an individual's probability of going to prison, becoming an addict, mental illness, or not completing high school. Because of these things, children who grow up in poverty often end up staying in poverty and repeating the cycle.
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108:(CFI) definition is based on Deprivation (lack of materialistic conditions and services), Exclusion (denial of rights and safety) and Vulnerability (when society can not deal with threats to children). Other charitable organisations also use this multi-dimensional approach to child poverty, defining it as a combination of economic, social, cultural, physical, environmental and emotional factors. These definitions suggest child poverty is multidimensional, relative to their current and changing living conditions and complex interactions of the body, mind and emotions are involved.
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1180:. Financial hardships may keep parents occupied, to the point that they do not realize that their child is struggling in school. Having little to no attention from constantly working parents can create an environment where an adolescent has no parental guidance; some teens may unfortunately turn to drugs, sex, or delinquency. Not having the motivation, grades or access to funds to pay for college can prevent adolescents from obtaining a more financially secure career, leaving them to work low income jobs.
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638:
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instead are relatively stable and slow-moving. Some historical institutions tend to lock in poverty, and these institutions are rarely changed significantly by contemporary politics. In this theory, governments shape poverty by organizing resource distribution (taxes and transfers), providing insurance against risks (or not), investing in capabilities like education or health services, creating opportunities like public employment, and discipline of the poor (for example, parental
33:
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of young children before they reach 3rd grade. Studies show that kids who test below grade level when they enter
Kindergarten are at much greater risk of poor future educational attainment, and kids that are still behind in grade 3 generally never catch up. Improving the environment the child grows up in, ensuring access to health, and providing financial incentives (either through benefit schemes or reducing taxes) have all been suggested as ways to break the cycle.
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188:(CDI). CDI is an index that combines performance measures specific to children – primary education, child health, and child nutrition – to produce a score on a scale of 0 to 100, with zero being the best with higher scores indicating worse performances. According to Save the Children, each of the indicators was chosen because it was easily accessible, universally understood, and clearly indicative of child wellbeing. Health measures under-five
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80:
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976:, so each additional child increases demands on parental resources. Families raised by a single parent are generally poorer than those raised by couples. In the United States, 6 of 10 long term poor children have spent time in single-parent families and in 2007, children living in households headed by single mothers were five times as likely as children living in households headed by married parents to be living in poverty.
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728:
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173:(which in most aspects is quite like the capability approach), the objective of development should be to provide all humans with the opportunity to a full life, which goes beyond abstractions such as money, income, or employment. Therefore, the definition and measurement of poverty in general must extend beyond measurements like per capita GDP, which tools such as the
165:, the creator of the capability approach, argues that there are five fundamental freedoms that should be available to all humans: political freedoms, economic facilities, social opportunities, transparency guarantees, and protective security. He also suggests that they are all interconnected, where each freedom fosters and/or enhances the others.
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rising into a higher income level are lower. People in low-income families are less likely to have access to higher education opportunities. As teens, they may be forced into the workforce as early as 15 in order to provide for either themselves or the rest of their family, which can lead to early stress-related mental health issues such as
71:. It is estimated that 1 billion children (about half of all children worldwide) lack at least one essential necessity such as housing, regular food, or clean water. Children are more than twice as likely to live in poverty as adults and the poorest children are twice as likely to die before the age of 5 compared to their wealthier peers.
1348:. Poverty in these countries is a condition usually characterised by a severe deprivation of basic human needs (UN,1995). It is estimated that one third of all children in developing countries (~674 million) are living in poverty, the highest rates being in the rural areas of Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia (over 70%).
1119:, especially for children experiencing poverty who had limited access to electronic devices and internet connections to attend school remotely. Research also found that children from disadvantaged families in Australia reported feelings of anxiety, stress, and helplessness as a result of their family's hardships.
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10.6 million children died before reaching the age of five, which is equivalent to the total child population of France, Germany, Greece, and Italy. 1.4 million die each year from lack of access to safe drinking water and adequate sanitation while 2.2 million die each year due to lack of immunizations.
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Stigmatization of living in poverty can also be detrimental to children's mental well-being and the development of personal identity. Children from poorer families experience embarrassment from not being able to afford brand-name clothing items, electronic devices, substantial housing, or taking part
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Boys and girls have equal rates of poverty through their childhoods but as women enter their teens and childbearing years the rates of poverty between the genders widens. Globally, women are far more impoverished than men and poor children are more likely to live in female-headed households. Attempts
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Economic and demographic contexts have been shown to increase poverty directly, as well as change parent behavior in ways that increase poverty. For example, local economic growth and development, state of industrialization, and spatial or skills mismatches can all affect poverty directly by limiting
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are most likely to be affected. Worst affected are the
District of Columbia, Oregon, Arizona, New Mexico and Florida, while North Dakota, New Hampshire, Virginia, Minnesota and Massachusetts are the least affected. More recently in 2021, it is estimated that nearly 11 million children live in poverty
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income. Relative poverty does not necessarily mean the child is lacking anything, but is more a reflection of inequality in society. Child poverty, when measured using relative thresholds, will improve only if low-income families benefit more from economic advances than well-off families. Measures of
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The easiest way to quantify child poverty is by setting an absolute or relative monetary threshold. If a family does not earn above that threshold, the children of that family will be considered to live below the poverty line. Absolute poverty thresholds are fixed and generally updated only for price
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In 2017, it was estimated that in the United States, nearly 9 million children were living in poverty, and only 16% of those children were able to advance into a higher income level. Children born into poverty are not always doomed to live poor the rest of their lives but unfortunately their odds of
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is when a family remains in poverty over many successive generations. For this reason reducing child poverty has been a focus of many governments as a way to break this cycle. Improving the quality of education is generally seen as the most effective way to break this cycle, especially the education
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Of the estimated 2.2 billion children worldwide, about a billion, or every second child, live in poverty. Of the 1.9 billion children in developing nations, 640 million are without adequate shelter; 400 million are without access to safe water; 270 million have no access to health services. In 2003,
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However, determining the appropriate policies for dealing with long-term childhood poverty and intergenerational economic inequality is hotly debated, as are most proposed policy solutions, and depends on the effects that most impact the region. In order to combat the lack of resources available in
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and World Vision – should do more to highlight the impact of mainstream macro-policies issues on children. The
Overseas Development Institute further suggests that an international commission be established to address the impact of the 3-F crisis (food, financial and fuel) on children as a platform
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According to the
Overseas Development Institute, greater visibility for children's rights issues is needed in donor policies and attempts should be made to emulate the success achieved using gender markers to develop gender-sensitive development policy. They believe major influential players in the
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Another political theory focuses on institutions. Institutionalists claim that poverty is caused by how institutions (such as laws or regulations) affect the long-term distribution of resources. One piece of evidence is that poverty rates do not respond quickly to changes in power or elections, and
196:(which is two standard deviations below the median weight for age of the reference population); and education measures the percentage of primary school-age children that are not enrolled in school. In terms of opportunities and capabilities, CDI is the most appropriate measurement of child poverty.
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is investigating the changing nature of child poverty by following nearly 12,000 children for 15 years in four countries (Ethiopia, Peru, Vietnam and India), chosen to reflect a wide range of cultural, political, geographical and social contexts. Every three to four years, researchers will collect
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now than they have been since the 1960s, which may be contributing to the cycle of poverty by concentrating the poorest kids together in schools that are typically underfunded. Studies show that children whose parents went to an integrated school for 5 or more years are 10% more likely to graduate
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Most children in poverty have poor parents and typically do not receive adequate education, care, or nutrition. Some children are affected by disease, injury, negative cultural influences, or other hazards outside their control. Because a child has no control over their parenting, health, or where
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Additionally, the capability approach claims that development should be considered a process of expanding freedoms or removing the major sources of unfreedom rather than a focus on narrower measurements such as growth of gross national product, per capita income, or industrialization. According to
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It has been theorized that a great deal of childhood poverty is caused by choices, incentives, and the cultural beliefs of their parents. For example, factors like single motherhood, low education, and especially unemployment are associated with poverty. There has been extensive research on which
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A 2003 study conducted by researchers out of
Bristol attempted to provide a scientific basis for measuring severe deprivation based on levels of adequate nutrition, safe drinking water, decent sanitation facilities, health, shelter, education, and information. Measurable values were attributed to
101:(UNICEF) defines children living in poverty as those that "experience deprivation of the material, spiritual and emotional resources needed to survive, develop and thrive, leaving them unable to enjoy their rights, achieve their full potential or participate as full and equal members of society."
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Structural effects seem to vary across time and place and research often comes to contradictory conclusions. For example, urbanization in rich countries is often associated with displacing the poorest members of the community, which increases their average poverty levels. However, in developing
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In terms of economic disadvantages, adults who experienced persistent childhood poverty are more likely to fall below the poverty line at least once later in life. Poor boys work fewer hours per year, earn lower hourly wages, receive lower annual earnings, and spend more week idle in their
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in the U.S. were shown to increase employment and reduce dependence on welfare by single parents, but did not have any measurable effect on single motherhood. International studies in developing countries find no effect between conditional vs unconditional cash aid on future employment.
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child poverty using income thresholds will vary depending on whether relative or absolute poverty is measured and what threshold limits are applied. Using a relative measure, poverty is much higher in the US than in Europe, but if an absolute measure is used, d without discrimination.
1032:). In the United States, working poverty is lower in states that have higher levels of unionization. Country-wide poverty tends to be lower when there is greater unionization, a higher proportion of women in parliament, and when the government of a stable democracy is controlled by
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The CDI in Africa is twice that of the world average, and South Asia also fares poorly in relation to the global performance. In contrast, the CDI in developed countries is one-ninth of the world CDI, indicating a clear distinction between developing and developed nations.
93:
The definition of children in most countries is "people under the age of eighteen". Culturally defining the end of childhood is more complex, and takes into account factors such as the commencement of work, end of schooling and marriage as well as class, gender and race.
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Aiming for an end to poverty – in line with
Sustainable Development Goal 1 – UNICEF is working with governments and other partners across the region to halve child poverty by 2030 and strengthen social protection systems to diminish the impact of poverty on their lives.
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is one of the most popular political explanations for poverty. Since elites and businesses are typically favored in the distribution or political power in a capitalist democracy, less advantaged groups may gain political power by mobilizing together (for example for
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The relationship between childhood poverty and later negative adult outcomes has been found to be relatively small in other research. In one systematic analysis, family income only "modestly" affected likelihood of teen pregnancy and male unemployment.
1300:. These impacts probably reflect issues related to poverty including a substandard diet, inferior housing conditions, poor neighborhood environment, reduced access to goods and activities and the psychological stress stemming from these factors.
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developed nations, policies must be developed that deliver resources to poor families and raise skill levels of poor children by building on successful welfare-to-work initiatives and maintaining financial work supports, such as
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to combat the cycle of poverty, therefore, have often targeted mothers as a way to interrupt the negative patterns of poverty that affect the education, nutrition/health, and psychological/social outcomes for poor children.
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Many of the apparent negative associations between growing up poor and children's attainments reflect unmeasured parental advantages that positively affect both parents' incomes and children's attainments, like parental
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were gathered in one place, they would form a city bigger than New York. Many published studies have demonstrated strong associations between childhood poverty and the child's adult outcomes in education, health and
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is associated with increased childhood homelessness). There is a closer relationship between poverty and behaviors like single motherhood in weak welfare states compared to generous welfare states like
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the opportunity for employment. Demographics are also correlated with poverty, including neighborhood disadvantage, residential segregation, age/sex composition, or living in a rural area.
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The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic were felt worldwide and children living in poverty were affected in numerous ways, including physically, psychologically, and emotionally.
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Corcoran, Mary (2001). "4: Mobility, Persistence, and the
Consequences of Poverty for Children: Child and Adult Outcomes". In Danziger, Sheldon; Haveman, Robert H. (eds.).
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Also, childhood poverty in the first three years of life is related to substandard nutritional status and poor motor skills; in contrast, poverty is also associated with
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2019:. School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol and Peter Townsend, Centre for the Study of Human Rights, London School of Economics and Political Science.
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which have no correlation between single motherhood and poverty. However, the effects of Left parties and unions on poverty seems to be diminishing over time.
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UNICEF advocates for greater national investments in social protection and supports government efforts to track and monitor progress on poverty reduction.
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There are many theories about what causes childhood poverty. The majority of poverty-stricken children are born to poor parents. Therefore, the causes of
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Institutions and power can lead to policy that tends to increase or decrease childhood poverty irrespective of local culture or current behaviors.
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The Child Development Index also illustrates relative child poverty compared across all regions of the world (see Measuring child poverty).
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1909:"Press Release: IMF-World Bank Report Calls for Greater Attention to Gender Equality and Fragile States to Reach Global Targets by 2015"
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takes over at this point. That adolescent is now an adult included in the other 37.2 million people reported living in poverty in 2020.
1036:. The effects of leftist politics appear to have a much larger effect on poverty levels than structural factors or individual behavior.
1982:
941:, and migration of middle-class residents from inner cities, constrain economic opportunities and choices across generation, isolating
2546:"Families, Poverty, Work and Care: A review of literature on lone parents and low-income couple families (DWP Research Report No.153)"
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1882:
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2400:
1955:
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Shannahan, Michael (2000). "Pathways to adulthood in changing societies: Variability and mechanisms in life course perspective".
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Dahl, G. B.; Lochner, L. (2012). "The Impact of Family Income on Child Achievement: Evidence from the Earned Income Tax Credit".
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Recently, debate among philosophers and theorists on how to define and measure poverty stems from the emergence of the human
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Kim, P.; G. W. Evans; M. Angstadt; S. S. Ho; C. S. Sripada; J. E. Swain; I. Liberzon; K. L. Phan (21 October 2013).
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2011:
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Lipina, Sebastián J; Simonds, Jennifer; Segretin, M. Soledad (2011). "Recognizing the child in child poverty".
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Europe and many other developed countries use a relative poverty threshold, typically 50% of the countries'
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the most vulnerable children in the region are not being reached by benefits to which they are entitled.
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they are born, it has been said that luck has a large effect on a child's chance of living in poverty.
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barriers such as bureaucratic processes and lack of information about entitlements and programmes, and
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a failure to prioritize the social protection programmes that have the greatest benefits for children
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3290:"Effects of childhood poverty and chronic stress on emotion regulatory brain function in adulthood"
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countries, local economic growth is more often associated with reducing poverty of the most poor.
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discrimination against the most vulnerable people, including those who receive social protection.
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significantly affect the presence of child poverty. Lack of parental economic resources such as
184:, has also developed a measurement of child poverty based on measures of capability, called the
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1292:– as they get older, poor children are more likely to have chronic health problems, such as
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192:; nutrition measures the percentage of children under five who are moderately or severely
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Shrider, Emily A.; Kollar, Melissa; Chen, Frances; Semega, Jessica (14 September 2021).
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1589:. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. 1989. Archived from
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2294:"The Child Development Index: Holding governments to account for children's wellbeing"
1679:"Understanding Children's Experience of Poverty: An Introduction to the DEV Framework"
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in the US, making up almost one-third of all people living in poverty in the country.
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Children of the Prison Boom: Mass Incarceration and the Future of American Inequality
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2020:
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Effect on mental development and mental health of the child (such as low self esteem)
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The effect of child poverty differs based on the social-economic-geographic aspects.
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981:
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2951:"The impacts of COVID-19 on children in Australia: deepening poverty and inequality"
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149:, which have had a severe impact on the ability of Ethiopia to feed its population.
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Using a relative measure of child poverty, an impoverished child growing up in a
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of Australia found that the equity gap was widened by school closures during the
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161:, where poverty is defined by Hi Kos extent of freedoms that a person possesses.
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68:
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3483:"Child Poverty in a Scandinavian Welfare Context—From Children's Point of View"
2875:"COVID-19 'biggest global crisis for children in our 75-year history' – UNICEF"
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2902:"COVID-19, school closures, and child poverty: a social crisis in the making"
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Monea J, Thomas A (June 2011). "Unintended pregnancy and taxpayer spending".
2481:
2010:
Gordon, David; Nandy, Shailen; Pantazis, Christina; Pemberton, Simon (2003).
1289:
1266:
968:
and welfare dependency for women and their children. Children resulting from
930:
925:
restricts children's opportunities. Economic and demographic factors such as
319:
249:
3482:
3356:
3314:
4476:
4387:
4254:
3602:
3333:
3152:
3053:
2935:
2530:
2084:
1518:
1483:
1458:
1312:
1274:
1041:
953:
914:
906:
41:
32:
1785:
1025:
643:
571:
535:
193:
162:
146:
141:
87:
1859:
1260:
also have a serious problem with child poverty. If all the 16.7 million
4239:
1097:
UNICEF reported that 100 million children fell into poverty due to the
942:
445:
4330:
2771:"In Many Districts, a Child's Academic Trajectory Is Set by 3rd Grade"
152:
4397:
3652:
2407:. Columbia University's China Center for Social Policy. 6 August 2021
1488:
1317:
1270:
1139:
1130:
1101:, causing a 10% increase in childhood poverty between 2019 and 2021.
427:
245:
2522:
4460:
4402:
4377:
3584:
2073:"Young Lives: an International Study of Childhood Poverty: Round 2"
1780:. Maastricht Graduate School of Governance, Maastricht University.
1162:
Experience a highly deprived and isolated life at a very tender age
823:
553:
499:
79:
60:
1369:
children's rights community – the UNICEF, UNFPA and NGOs, such as
4425:
4392:
4382:
4244:
3692:
3287:
3175:
Moore, KA; Redd, Z; Burkhauser, M; Mbwana, K; Collins, A (2009).
1353:
1135:
1046:
894:
877:
859:
841:
715:
697:
679:
625:
409:
52:
2255:
An Introduction to the Human Development and Capability Approach
1344:
suffers more hardship than most children living in poverty in a
4504:
List of countries by percentage of population living in poverty
3177:"Children in Poverty: Trends, Consequences, and Policy Options"
2128:"Young Lives: Vietnam Round 2 Survey – Report Summary document"
1463:
1297:
1293:
1278:
1029:
787:
769:
733:
661:
607:
463:
337:
283:
129:
64:
56:
2831:"Schools Are More Segregated Today Than During the Late 1960s"
1721:. Childhood Poverty Research and Policy Center. Archived from
2805:"Third Grade Reading Level Predictive of Later Life Outcomes"
2748:"International Workshop on Education and Poverty Eradication"
2160:"Young Lives: India Round 2 Survey – Report Summary document"
1775:"Measuring Child Poverty and Well-Being: a literature review"
1333:
1321:
972:
are more likely to live in poverty; raising a child requires
391:
373:
355:
301:
2401:"Child Multidimensional Poverty in China: From 2013 to 2018"
2106:"Young Lives: Peru Round 2 Survey – Report Summary document"
2009:
1651:. United Nations Children's Fund. p. 18. Archived from
3259:"Growing up poor, stressed impacts brain function as adult"
37:
3661:
3553:
3530:"To Improve Schools, Fight Poverty, Education Expert Says"
120:
A boy washes cutlery in a pool of filthy water in Cambodia
3210:
3174:
2996:
Ratcliffe, Caroline; Cancian Kalish, Emma (18 May 2017).
1349:
3636:
2803:
Lesnick, Joy; Goerge, Robert; Smithgall, Cheryl (2010).
2045:
Young Lives: An international study of childhood poverty
248:, more than 30% above 2007 levels. Households headed by
3021:
2995:
2192:"Young Lives: Ethiopia Round 2 Survey – Report Summary"
1773:
Roelen, Keetie; Gassmann, Franziska (31 January 2008).
240:, with 16.7 million children, more than 20%, living in
3641:
3265:. University of Illinois at Chicago. 21 October 2013.
2802:
1934:
Citro, Constance F.; Michael, Robert T., eds. (1995).
1799:
Citro, Constance F.; Michael, Robert T., eds. (1995).
2548:. UK Department for Work and Pensions. Archived from
1836:
1976:"Report Card No. 6: Child Poverty in Rich Countries"
2576:"Raising the Game: mainstreaming children's rights"
2467:
2317:
2315:
2313:
2311:
1159:
Chances of being part of skilled labour is very low
153:
Capability approach and the Child Development Index
3573:Duncan, Greg; Menestrel, Suzanne Le, eds. (2019).
2899:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2453:
2451:
2449:
2447:
3657:Dean Peter Krogh Foreign Affairs Digital Archives
3346:
3182:. Washington DC, USA: Child Trends Research Brief
2684:
2574:Harper, Caroline; Jones, Nicola (November 2009).
2508:
1788:– via Munich Personal RePEc Archive (MPRA).
4520:
3579:. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
3481:Harju, Anne; Thorød, Anne Brita (1 April 2011).
3206:"How Poverty Can Follow Children into Adulthood"
3170:
3168:
3166:
3164:
3162:
2308:
2288:
2286:
2284:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2276:
2274:
256:
3572:
3294:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
3024:"Income and Poverty in the United States: 2020"
2900:Van Lancker, Wim; Parolin, Zachary (May 2020).
2685:Wakefield, Sara; Wildeman, Christopher (2013).
2569:
2567:
2565:
2563:
2561:
2559:
2444:
238:reached record high levels in the United States
216:Central/East Europe and Central Asia: CDI = 9.2
55:and applies to children from poor families and
2859:. Center for American Progress. Archived from
2511:Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health
1911:. International Monetary Fund. 13 April 2007.
1772:
4346:
3677:
3159:
2271:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2197:. Young Lives. September 2008. Archived from
2165:. Young Lives. September 2008. Archived from
2133:. Young Lives. September 2008. Archived from
1688:. Christian Children's Fund. pp. 12–20.
1211:The examples and perspective in this section
3554:Chapple, Simon; Richardson, Dominic (2009).
2556:
1933:
1798:
67:estimates that 356 million children live in
3480:
3447:
3126:
3002:The US Partnership on Mobility from Poverty
2573:
2543:
2376:"The Basic Facts About Children in Poverty"
1080:Some have noted that U.S. schools are more
244:households. 47 million Americans depend on
4353:
4339:
3684:
3670:
3199:
3197:
3086:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2715:"Opinion | How to Break the Poverty Cycle"
2689:. New York City: Oxford University Press.
2494:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2216:
1981:. UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre. 2005.
1970:
1968:
1676:
1614:
1229:, or create a new section, as appropriate.
111:
51:refers to the state of children living in
3369:
3363:
3323:
3313:
3231:
3142:
2925:
2854:
2653:
2502:
2341:
2005:
2003:
1875:
1858:
1670:
1626:. Christian Children's Fund. pp. 2–3
1608:
1398:The roots of the problem lie in a mix of:
1245:Learn how and when to remove this message
262:Proportion of children in poverty (2018)
4301:Providing Urban Amenities to Rural Areas
2857:"The Straight Facts on Women in Poverty"
2828:
2471:
2252:
1927:
1736:
1734:
1732:
1646:"The State of the World's Children 2005"
1327:
1311:
1149:The direct effect of child poverty are:
1129:
115:
78:
31:
4360:
3642:National Center for Children in Poverty
3425:"Convention on the Rights of the Child"
3203:
3194:
3100:
2948:
2855:Cawthorne, Alexandra (8 October 2008).
1965:
1792:
1715:"CHIP Briefing 1: Children and Poverty"
1584:"Convention on the Rights of the Child"
14:
4521:
3828:Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation
3232:Ratcliffe, Caroline (September 2015).
3204:Boghani, Priyanka (22 November 2017).
3051:
2768:
2740:
2373:
2350:"The children going hungry in America"
2347:
2070:
2000:
1944:. National Academy Press. p. 24.
1809:. National Academy Press. p. 32.
1638:
1363:
1191:
1001:
987:
225:Latin America and Caribbean: CDI = 6.8
59:being raised with limited or no state
4334:
3665:
3476:
3474:
3396:
3390:
3047:
3045:
2769:Sparks, Sarah D. (12 February 2020).
2708:
2706:
2635:
2631:
2629:
2627:
2625:
2602:
2598:
2596:
2296:. London, UK: Save the Children. 2008
2013:Child poverty in the developing world
1988:from the original on 30 November 2023
1839:Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies
1766:
1729:
1014:
4280:Self-perceived quality-of-life scale
3101:Strerry, Robert M (18 August 2000).
2712:
2321:
2184:
2152:
2120:
2098:
2064:
1707:
1197:
1134:A boy bathes in a polluted river in
213:Middle East/North Africa: CDI = 11.2
3576:A Roadmap to Reducing Child Poverty
3455:"The State Of The World's Children"
3347:Duncan, GJ; Brooks-Gunn, J (1997).
2713:Kirp, David L. (27 November 2019).
2638:"Theories of the Causes of Poverty"
2405:chinacenter.socialwork.columbia.edu
2227:
2051:from the original on 22 August 2009
2033:
1901:
1883:"World Development Indicators 2005"
1747:. UNICEF. June 2006. Archived from
1406:limited budgets and human resources
1061:
180:In light of this, a UK initiative,
24:
4508:Deprivation and poverty indicators
3547:
3527:
3471:
3042:
2703:
2622:
2593:
2544:Millar, Jane; Ridge, Tess (2001).
2374:Haider, Areeba (12 January 2021).
1915:from the original on 20 March 2024
1576:
1378:for dialogue and new initiatives.
25:
4540:
3630:
3234:"Child Poverty and Adult Success"
2655:10.1146/annurev-soc-073018-022550
2427:"Child poverty in OECD countries"
1941:Measuring Poverty: a New Approach
1806:Measuring Poverty: a New Approach
1615:Feeny, Thomas; Boyde, Jo (2003).
3856:Democratic Republic of the Congo
3429:United Nations Treaty Collection
3269:from the original on 31 May 2023
2829:Richmond, Emily (11 June 2012).
2581:. Overseas Development Institute
1695:from the original on 31 May 2023
1202:
870:
852:
834:
816:
798:
780:
762:
744:
726:
708:
690:
672:
654:
636:
618:
600:
582:
564:
546:
528:
510:
492:
474:
456:
438:
420:
402:
384:
366:
348:
330:
312:
294:
276:
236:However, in 2013, child poverty
3521:
3417:
3349:Consequences of growing up poor
3340:
3281:
3251:
3225:
3120:
3094:
3058:(2nd ed.). Cambridge, UK.
3015:
2989:
2949:Bessell, Sharon (4 July 2022).
2942:
2893:
2867:
2848:
2822:
2796:
2762:
2678:
2537:
2419:
2393:
2367:
2348:Walker, Duncan (6 March 2013).
2246:
1830:
1617:"Children and Poverty (Part 1)"
3823:Multidimensional Poverty Index
3460:. UNICEF. 2009. Archived from
2603:Sarlo, Christopher A. (2019).
1936:"1: Introduction and overview"
1801:"1: Introduction and overview"
1551:
1316:Children of road workers near
1167:Poverty Effects on Adolescents
228:Developed Countries: CDI = 2.1
99:United Nations Children's Fund
13:
1:
3772:Sustainable Development Goals
2967:10.1080/14733285.2021.1902943
2918:10.1016/S2468-2667(20)30084-0
2636:Brady, David (30 July 2019).
2108:. Young Lives. September 2008
1545:
1389:
257:Child poverty rate by country
207:World performance: CDI = 17.5
74:
3788:Homeless Vulnerability Index
3384:10.1146/annurev.soc.26.1.667
2380:Center for American Progress
1885:. World Bank. Archived from
1851:10.1080/17450128.2010.521598
1742:"Children Living In Poverty"
7:
4260:Welfare's effect on poverty
3762:List of basic income models
3691:
2257:. Sterling, VA: Earthscan.
2253:Denuelin, Séverine (2009).
1677:Wordsworth, Daniel (2005).
1426:
1225:, discuss the issue on the
1092:
964:, is also cited as a major
960:, and increased numbers of
10:
4545:
3803:Genuine progress indicator
3732:Climate change and poverty
3403:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard.
3372:Annual Review of Sociology
3351:. Russel Sage Foundation.
2642:Annual Review of Sociology
2232:. New York: Anchor Books.
1065:
27:Children living in poverty
4496:
4469:
4436:African sleeping sickness
4416:
4368:
4227:
4132:
4111:
4035:
3914:
3843:
3836:
3780:
3752:Guaranteed minimum income
3699:
3556:Doing better for children
3499:10.1007/s12187-010-9092-0
3487:Child Indicators Research
2324:"Poverty Facts and Stats"
1479:Juvenilization of poverty
1125:
939:labor market segmentation
888:
3808:Legatum Prosperity Index
3793:Misery index (economics)
3130:American Economic Review
2906:The Lancet Public Health
1474:International inequality
1384:Earned Income Tax Credit
1262:poor children in America
4482:Priority review voucher
3315:10.1073/pnas.1308240110
2605:"The causes of poverty"
1454:Feminization of poverty
1052:
935:residential segregation
186:Child Development Index
177:attempt to accomplish.
175:Human Development Index
112:Measuring child poverty
106:ChildFund International
36:Two sisters sit on the
3757:Universal basic income
3722:Disability and poverty
3153:10.1257/aer.102.5.1927
3103:"Facing Child Poverty"
2955:Children's Geographies
2230:Development as Freedom
2085:10.5255/UKDA-SN-6852-4
1337:
1325:
1143:
970:unintended pregnancies
219:South Asia: CDI = 26.4
121:
90:
45:
4326:List of global issues
4285:Subjective well-being
3647:Child well-being data
3052:Lister, Ruth (2021).
2474:Understanding Poverty
2228:Sen, Amartya (1999).
1725:on 24 September 2003.
1534:Think of the children
1331:
1315:
1133:
1021:Power resource theory
974:significant resources
119:
82:
44:, London, circa 1903.
35:
4265:Criticism of welfare
3712:Concentrated poverty
3467:on 13 November 2018.
3400:What Money Can't Buy
1786:10.2139/ssrn.1105652
1719:childhoodpoverty.org
1524:Make Poverty History
1308:Developing countries
1223:improve this section
1213:may not represent a
1153:Poor physical health
995:1996 welfare reforms
270:Children in poverty
222:East Asia: CDI = 8.5
171:basic needs approach
4370:Diseases of poverty
4362:Diseases of poverty
4296:Rural access issues
4235:Theories of poverty
3818:Human Poverty Index
3727:Diseases of poverty
3540:on 24 October 2013.
3435:on 11 February 2014
3306:2013PNAS..11018442K
3300:(46): 18442–18447.
2863:on 13 October 2008.
2322:Shah, Anup (2010).
2077:ukdataservice.ac.uk
2041:"About Young Lives"
1961:on 9 December 2010.
1826:on 9 December 2010.
1754:on 13 November 2018
1658:on 10 December 2020
1449:Economic inequality
1444:Diseases of poverty
1364:Policy implications
1258:Developed countries
1193:Developed countries
1104:As a result of the
1002:Structural theories
988:Behavioral theories
948:The decline of the
927:deindustrialization
899:government policies
263:
159:capability approach
142:Young Lives Project
4418:Neglected diseases
4403:Diarrheal diseases
4316:Culture of poverty
3397:Mayer, SE (1997).
3030:. US Census Bureau
2998:"Escaping Poverty"
2719:The New York Times
2610:. Fraser Institute
2071:Boyden, J (2006).
1596:on 31 October 2010
1514:Subsidized housing
1375:Plan International
1342:developing country
1338:
1326:
1144:
1015:Political theories
261:
210:Africa: CDI = 34.5
122:
91:
46:
4516:
4515:
4490:
4489:
4321:Causes of poverty
4223:
4222:
3813:Poverty gap index
3767:Poverty reduction
3707:Measuring poverty
3594:978-0-309-48398-8
3534:Fordham Enewsroom
3239:. Urban Institute
3065:978-0-7456-4596-4
2881:. 8 December 2021
2750:. Kampala: UNESCO
2476:. New York, USA.
2204:on 6 January 2009
2172:on 7 January 2009
2140:on 6 January 2009
1499:Poverty threshold
1494:Poverty reduction
1434:Children's rights
1371:Save the Children
1346:developed country
1309:
1255:
1254:
1247:
1194:
1117:COVID-19 pandemic
1113:Grattan Institute
1106:COVID-19 pandemic
1099:COVID-19 pandemic
1034:Left-wing parties
923:disposable income
903:lack of education
886:
885:
182:Save the Children
18:Childhood poverty
16:(Redirected from
4536:
4355:
4348:
4341:
4332:
4331:
4306:Post-materialism
3841:
3840:
3798:Gini coefficient
3747:Cycle of poverty
3686:
3679:
3672:
3663:
3662:
3653:Children at Risk
3626:
3620:
3616:
3614:
3606:
3569:
3542:
3541:
3536:. Archived from
3525:
3519:
3518:
3478:
3469:
3468:
3466:
3459:
3451:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3440:
3431:. Archived from
3421:
3415:
3414:
3394:
3388:
3387:
3367:
3361:
3360:
3344:
3338:
3337:
3327:
3317:
3285:
3279:
3278:
3276:
3274:
3255:
3249:
3248:
3246:
3244:
3238:
3229:
3223:
3222:
3220:
3218:
3201:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3187:
3181:
3172:
3157:
3156:
3146:
3137:(5): 1927–1956.
3124:
3118:
3117:
3115:
3113:
3098:
3092:
3091:
3085:
3077:
3049:
3040:
3039:
3037:
3035:
3019:
3013:
3012:
3010:
3008:
2993:
2987:
2986:
2946:
2940:
2939:
2929:
2912:(5): e243–e244.
2897:
2891:
2890:
2888:
2886:
2871:
2865:
2864:
2852:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2841:
2826:
2820:
2819:
2817:
2815:
2800:
2794:
2793:
2791:
2789:
2766:
2760:
2759:
2757:
2755:
2744:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2733:
2710:
2701:
2700:
2682:
2676:
2675:
2657:
2633:
2620:
2619:
2617:
2615:
2609:
2600:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2586:
2580:
2571:
2554:
2553:
2541:
2535:
2534:
2506:
2500:
2499:
2493:
2485:
2469:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2423:
2417:
2416:
2414:
2412:
2397:
2391:
2390:
2388:
2386:
2371:
2365:
2364:
2362:
2360:
2345:
2339:
2338:
2336:
2334:
2319:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2290:
2269:
2268:
2250:
2244:
2243:
2225:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2203:
2196:
2188:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2171:
2164:
2156:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2145:
2139:
2132:
2124:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2102:
2096:
2095:
2093:
2091:
2068:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2056:
2037:
2031:
2030:
2018:
2007:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1987:
1980:
1972:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1954:. Archived from
1931:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1905:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1879:
1873:
1872:
1862:
1834:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1819:. Archived from
1796:
1790:
1789:
1779:
1770:
1764:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1753:
1746:
1738:
1727:
1726:
1711:
1705:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1694:
1683:
1674:
1668:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1657:
1650:
1642:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1621:
1612:
1606:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1595:
1588:
1580:
1574:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1555:
1504:Social exclusion
1469:Income disparity
1439:Cycle of poverty
1307:
1250:
1243:
1239:
1236:
1230:
1206:
1205:
1198:
1192:
1111:Research by the
1074:cycle of poverty
1068:Cycle of poverty
1062:Cycle of poverty
966:cause of poverty
875:
874:
873:
857:
856:
855:
839:
838:
837:
821:
820:
819:
803:
802:
801:
785:
784:
783:
767:
766:
765:
749:
748:
747:
731:
730:
729:
713:
712:
711:
695:
694:
693:
677:
676:
675:
659:
658:
657:
641:
640:
639:
623:
622:
621:
605:
604:
603:
587:
586:
585:
569:
568:
567:
551:
550:
549:
533:
532:
531:
515:
514:
513:
497:
496:
495:
479:
478:
477:
461:
460:
459:
443:
442:
441:
425:
424:
423:
407:
406:
405:
389:
388:
387:
371:
370:
369:
353:
352:
351:
335:
334:
333:
317:
316:
315:
299:
298:
297:
281:
280:
279:
264:
260:
21:
4544:
4543:
4539:
4538:
4537:
4535:
4534:
4533:
4519:
4518:
4517:
4512:
4492:
4491:
4486:
4465:
4451:River blindness
4441:Schistosomiasis
4412:
4364:
4359:
4275:Quality of life
4250:Welfare culture
4219:
4128:
4107:
4031:
3910:
3832:
3776:
3742:Chronic poverty
3717:Cost of poverty
3695:
3690:
3633:
3618:
3617:
3608:
3607:
3595:
3566:
3558:. Paris: OECD.
3550:
3548:Further reading
3545:
3528:Gosier, Chris.
3526:
3522:
3479:
3472:
3464:
3457:
3453:
3452:
3448:
3438:
3436:
3423:
3422:
3418:
3411:
3395:
3391:
3368:
3364:
3345:
3341:
3286:
3282:
3272:
3270:
3257:
3256:
3252:
3242:
3240:
3236:
3230:
3226:
3216:
3214:
3202:
3195:
3185:
3183:
3179:
3173:
3160:
3144:10.1.1.142.6921
3125:
3121:
3111:
3109:
3099:
3095:
3079:
3078:
3066:
3050:
3043:
3033:
3031:
3020:
3016:
3006:
3004:
2994:
2990:
2947:
2943:
2898:
2894:
2884:
2882:
2873:
2872:
2868:
2853:
2849:
2839:
2837:
2827:
2823:
2813:
2811:
2801:
2797:
2787:
2785:
2767:
2763:
2753:
2751:
2746:
2745:
2741:
2731:
2729:
2711:
2704:
2697:
2683:
2679:
2634:
2623:
2613:
2611:
2607:
2601:
2594:
2584:
2582:
2578:
2572:
2557:
2552:on 5 June 2009.
2542:
2538:
2523:10.1363/4308811
2507:
2503:
2487:
2486:
2470:
2445:
2435:
2433:
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2408:
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2299:
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2247:
2240:
2226:
2217:
2207:
2205:
2201:
2194:
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2189:
2185:
2175:
2173:
2169:
2162:
2158:
2157:
2153:
2143:
2141:
2137:
2130:
2126:
2125:
2121:
2111:
2109:
2104:
2103:
2099:
2089:
2087:
2069:
2065:
2054:
2052:
2039:
2038:
2034:
2027:
2016:
2008:
2001:
1991:
1989:
1985:
1978:
1974:
1973:
1966:
1958:
1952:
1932:
1928:
1918:
1916:
1907:
1906:
1902:
1892:
1890:
1889:on 9 April 2009
1881:
1880:
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1831:
1823:
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1659:
1655:
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1639:
1629:
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1619:
1613:
1609:
1599:
1597:
1593:
1586:
1582:
1581:
1577:
1567:
1565:
1559:"Child poverty"
1557:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1543:
1529:The Hunger Site
1509:Street children
1429:
1392:
1366:
1251:
1240:
1234:
1231:
1220:
1207:
1203:
1196:
1128:
1095:
1070:
1064:
1055:
1017:
1004:
990:
945:poor children.
911:social services
891:
871:
869:
853:
851:
835:
833:
817:
815:
799:
797:
781:
779:
763:
761:
745:
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709:
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691:
689:
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619:
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583:
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547:
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529:
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511:
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493:
491:
475:
473:
457:
455:
439:
437:
421:
419:
403:
401:
385:
383:
367:
365:
349:
347:
331:
329:
313:
311:
295:
293:
277:
275:
259:
155:
114:
84:Street children
77:
69:extreme poverty
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4542:
4532:
4531:
4514:
4513:
4511:
4510:
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4497:
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4485:
4484:
4479:
4473:
4471:
4467:
4466:
4464:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4446:Dracunculiasis
4443:
4438:
4433:
4431:Chagas disease
4428:
4422:
4420:
4414:
4413:
4411:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4374:
4372:
4366:
4365:
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4350:
4343:
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4308:
4303:
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4293:
4288:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
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4242:
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4231:
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4207:
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4147:
4142:
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4134:
4130:
4129:
4127:
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4121:
4115:
4113:
4109:
4108:
4106:
4105:
4103:United Kingdom
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
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4019:
4014:
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3999:
3994:
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3724:
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3709:
3703:
3701:
3697:
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3689:
3688:
3681:
3674:
3666:
3660:
3659:
3650:
3644:
3639:
3632:
3631:External links
3629:
3628:
3627:
3619:|website=
3593:
3585:10.17226/25246
3570:
3564:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3543:
3520:
3493:(2): 283–299.
3470:
3446:
3416:
3409:
3389:
3362:
3339:
3280:
3250:
3224:
3193:
3158:
3119:
3107:New York Times
3093:
3064:
3041:
3014:
2988:
2961:(4): 448–458.
2941:
2892:
2879:www.unicef.org
2866:
2847:
2821:
2795:
2775:Education Week
2761:
2739:
2702:
2695:
2677:
2648:(1): 155–175.
2621:
2592:
2555:
2536:
2501:
2443:
2418:
2392:
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2340:
2307:
2270:
2263:
2245:
2238:
2215:
2183:
2151:
2119:
2097:
2063:
2032:
2025:
1999:
1964:
1950:
1926:
1900:
1874:
1829:
1815:
1791:
1765:
1728:
1706:
1669:
1637:
1607:
1575:
1563:www.unicef.org
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1541:
1539:Moonlight clan
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
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1425:
1414:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1391:
1388:
1365:
1362:
1253:
1252:
1217:of the subject
1215:worldwide view
1210:
1208:
1201:
1195:
1190:
1182:Cycled poverty
1164:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1127:
1124:
1094:
1091:
1066:Main article:
1063:
1060:
1054:
1051:
1016:
1013:
1003:
1000:
989:
986:
962:single mothers
958:teen pregnancy
950:nuclear family
919:discrimination
890:
887:
884:
883:
880:
866:
865:
862:
848:
847:
844:
830:
829:
826:
812:
811:
808:
806:Czech Republic
794:
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776:
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758:
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722:
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559:
556:
542:
541:
538:
524:
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518:United Kingdom
506:
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502:
488:
487:
484:
470:
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451:
448:
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430:
416:
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398:
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394:
380:
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362:
361:
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344:
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340:
326:
325:
322:
308:
307:
304:
290:
289:
286:
272:
271:
268:
258:
255:
250:single mothers
230:
229:
226:
223:
220:
217:
214:
211:
208:
190:mortality rate
154:
151:
113:
110:
76:
73:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4541:
4530:
4529:Child poverty
4527:
4526:
4524:
4509:
4505:
4502:
4499:
4498:
4495:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4474:
4472:
4470:Miscellaneous
4468:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4456:Leishmaniasis
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4423:
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4415:
4409:
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4399:
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4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4205:United States
4203:
4201:
4198:
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4188:
4186:
4183:
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4178:
4176:
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4084:
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4034:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
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4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
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3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
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3882:
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3829:
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3809:
3806:
3804:
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3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3737:Child poverty
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
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3600:
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3586:
3582:
3578:
3577:
3571:
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3565:9789264059337
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3512:
3508:
3504:
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3488:
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3475:
3463:
3456:
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3412:
3410:9780674587342
3406:
3402:
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2328:Global Issues
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2026:9781861345592
2022:
2015:
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1686:childfund.org
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1624:childfund.org
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4311:Pen's parade
4255:Welfare trap
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4007:Philippines
3987:South Korea
3982:North Korea
3922:Afghanistan
3837:By location
3649:at the OECD
2809:Chapin Hall
1845:(1): 8–17.
1417:The result:
644:Netherlands
572:Switzerland
536:South Korea
482:Australia *
194:underweight
163:Amartya Sen
147:food prices
88:Philippines
40:streets of
4240:Well-being
3952:East Timor
3932:Bangladesh
3378:: 667–92.
3273:23 October
3074:1162195023
3028:Census.gov
1951:0309051282
1816:0309051282
1568:21 October
1546:References
1390:Conclusion
1358:corruption
1235:March 2020
1178:depression
1082:segregated
982:depression
943:inner city
897:including
446:Luxembourg
246:food banks
75:Definition
4398:Pneumonia
4215:Venezuela
4170:Guatemala
4140:Argentina
4119:Australia
4017:Sri Lanka
4012:Singapore
3962:Indonesia
3655:from the
3621:ignored (
3611:cite book
3507:1874-8988
3139:CiteSeerX
3082:cite book
2983:233651039
2975:1473-3285
2840:4 January
2788:4 January
2783:0277-4232
2732:4 January
2727:0362-4331
2672:151307998
2664:0360-0572
2490:cite book
2482:456207584
2436:2 January
2208:8 January
2176:8 January
2144:8 January
2055:8 January
1893:8 January
1758:8 January
1662:8 January
1600:7 January
1489:Orphanage
1318:Rishikesh
1271:fertility
1227:talk page
1140:Indonesia
428:Lithuania
61:resources
4523:Category
4500:See also
4461:Trachoma
4270:Wellness
4195:Paraguay
4180:Honduras
4160:Colombia
4133:Americas
4002:Pakistan
3992:Malaysia
3937:Cambodia
3906:Zimbabwe
3896:Tanzania
3866:Ethiopia
3603:31593382
3515:54805734
3357:36130764
3334:24145409
3267:Archived
3112:26 April
3007:28 April
2936:32275858
2531:21651707
2431:Statista
2359:13 March
2354:BBC News
2049:Archived
1983:Archived
1913:Archived
1869:72294325
1690:Archived
1427:See also
1221:You may
1093:COVID-19
824:Slovenia
590:Canada *
554:Portugal
500:Slovakia
267:Country
4426:Cholera
4393:Measles
4383:Malaria
4245:Welfare
4210:Uruguay
4185:Jamaica
4145:Bolivia
4112:Oceania
4098:Ukraine
4083:Romania
4068:Moldova
4053:Germany
4022:Vietnam
3977:Lebanon
3927:Armenia
3886:Nigeria
3876:Namibia
3851:Algeria
3781:Metrics
3700:Aspects
3693:Poverty
3325:3831978
3302:Bibcode
3243:9 April
3217:9 April
3186:9 April
3055:Poverty
3034:9 April
2927:7141480
2885:9 April
2814:9 April
2754:9 April
2614:9 April
2585:9 April
2411:9 April
2385:9 April
2333:9 April
2300:9 April
2112:9 April
2090:9 April
1992:9 April
1919:9 April
1699:9 April
1630:9 April
1354:disease
1174:anxiety
1136:Jakarta
1047:Denmark
878:Finland
860:Denmark
842:Iceland
752:Ireland
716:Belgium
698:Austria
680:Estonia
626:Germany
410:Hungary
86:in the
57:orphans
53:poverty
4408:Plague
4291:Stress
4190:Mexico
4155:Canada
4150:Brazil
4093:Turkey
4078:Poland
4073:Norway
4058:Greece
4048:France
4043:Cyprus
4036:Europe
3967:Israel
3947:Cyprus
3901:Uganda
3844:Africa
3637:UNICEF
3601:
3591:
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3513:
3505:
3439:21 May
3407:
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1948:
1867:
1813:
1464:Hunger
1298:anemia
1294:asthma
1279:income
1277:, and
1126:Effect
1030:voting
889:Causes
876:
858:
840:
822:
804:
788:Poland
786:
770:Norway
768:
750:
734:Sweden
732:
714:
696:
684:10.3%
678:
666:10.5%
662:Latvia
660:
648:10.9%
642:
630:11.3%
624:
612:11.7%
608:France
606:
594:11.8%
588:
570:
558:12.2%
552:
540:12.3%
534:
522:12.4%
516:
504:12.4%
498:
486:13.3%
480:
468:13.9%
464:Greece
462:
444:
432:16.5%
426:
414:16.9%
408:
396:18.7%
390:
372:
360:19.3%
354:
342:19.8%
338:Mexico
336:
324:21.2%
318:
306:21.5%
300:
288:22.2%
284:Israel
282:
169:ILO's
130:median
65:UNICEF
4287:(SWB)
4228:Other
4175:Haiti
4063:Italy
4027:Yemen
3997:Nepal
3972:Japan
3957:India
3942:China
3881:Niger
3871:Kenya
3861:Egypt
3511:S2CID
3465:(PDF)
3458:(PDF)
3237:(PDF)
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2979:S2CID
2668:S2CID
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1682:(PDF)
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1594:(PDF)
1587:(PDF)
1334:Accra
1322:India
882:3.5%
864:4.7%
846:5.4%
828:5.9%
810:6.4%
792:7.4%
774:8.1%
756:8.6%
720:9.2%
702:9.6%
392:Italy
374:China
356:Spain
302:Chile
4378:AIDS
4200:Peru
4165:Cuba
3915:Asia
3623:help
3599:PMID
3589:ISBN
3560:ISBN
3503:ISSN
3441:2009
3405:ISBN
3353:OCLC
3330:PMID
3275:2013
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3219:2024
3188:2024
3114:2012
3088:link
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2932:PMID
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2842:2022
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2234:ISBN
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2178:2010
2146:2010
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2021:ISBN
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104:The
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