583:) of five centuries each, comprising 1120 men in total. Each chiliarch had a small staff comprising an adjutant, a secretary, a priest, a doctor, a paymaster and a quartermaster, while a flag bearer and a trumpeter were allocated to each pentakosiarchy. The 1828-model chiliarchies were abolished after the
484:
or prince from among the noble boyars and could hand down their post to their sons. In the
Novgorod Republic, chiliarchs were considered representatives of ordinary ("black") people. Along with the role as military leaders, they were also supposed to supervise the city fortifications, convene veches,
479:
in
Novgorod, the office was often held by one man for several years in a row and he was often succeeded by his son or another close relative, indicating that the office was held within clans and was not fully elective. In cities with no veche, chiliarchies were appointed by the
485:
act as ambassadors and as judges in the commercial courts. Like the posadniks, in the 14th century the former chiliarchs maintained considerable political influence and privileges and were known as "Old
Chiliarchs". The earliest documented chiliarch of Novgorod was Putyata.
891:
855:
1045:
1055:
242:, "apple-bearers"), the 1,000-strong personal bodyguard of the Achaemenid kings. The latter often played a role analogous to that of a
1050:
605:
39:
467:, or a thousand). In the Novgorod Republic, the chiliarch evolved into a judicial or commercial official and was elected from
932:
521:
335:
1060:
1040:
962:
1010:
Charles, Michael (2015). "The
Chiliarchs of Achaemenid Persia: Towards a Revised Understanding of the Office".
618:
577:
In 1828, the chiliarchies were reorganized and reduced to three, each now comprising two pentakosiarchies (
727:
988:] (in Greek). Athens: Ἔκδοσις Μεγάλης Στρατιωτικῆς καὶ Ναυτικῆς Ἐγκυκλοπαιδείας. 1930. p. 582.
1065:
393:, chiefly in literary works, while in the later 10th century it became once more a technical term when
517:
492:, after the death of Vassily Vassilyevich Velyaminov in 1374, abolished the post, replacing it with
250:
in later times. The
Persian office was in turn adopted by Alexander the Great, and first awarded to
556:). Each chiliarchy was commanded by a chiliarch, with a small staff comprising a deputy chiliarch (
657:
164:
77:
35:
700:
609:, literally "of a thousand", is the modern, commonly used abbreviation of the obsolete term of
94:
765:
743:
711:
90:
505:
394:
364:
269:
116:), both meaning "commander of a thousand". The name has also occasionally been written as
8:
626:
286:
practice. However, it was revived by later
Iranian dynasties: while its existence in the
198:
27:
501:
323:
989:
958:
928:
865:
209:
202:
1019:
674:, literally "head of a thousand", is equivalent to the Commonwealth and US rank of
590:
525:
444:
382:
358:
279:
69:
51:
982:Μεγάλη Στρατιωτικὴ καὶ Ναυτικὴ Ἐγκυκλοπαιδεία. Tόμος Ἔκτος: Σαράντα Ἐκκλησίαι–Ὤχρα
916:
952:
920:
691:
584:
528:
of the various independent war leaders, and instituted a number of chiliarchies (
295:
287:
1023:
489:
452:
329:
299:
81:
54:. It has subsequently been used for other similar ranks and positions in other
1034:
896:
747:
282:(XVIII.48.4–5). This Persian-inspired office did not survive into subsequent
197:("commanders of 500") are also mentioned alongside the chiliarchs under both
194:
23:
993:
225:
213:
208:
In addition, the title of chiliarch was used as the Greek equivalent of the
735:
675:
670:
649:
355:
30:. Originally denoting the commander of a unit of about one thousand men (a
925:
Encyclopædia
Iranica, Volume V/4: C̆es̆tīya–Chinese-Iranian relations VIII
980:
948:
719:
388:
283:
263:
251:
176:
305:
828:
432:
182:
139:
The chiliad or chiliarchy controlled by a chiliarch derives from Latin
47:
986:
Great
Military and Naval Encyclopaedia. Volume VI: Kirk Kilisse–Ochre
927:. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 423–424.
541:
497:
416:
410:
404:
398:
376:
275:
267:
259:
255:
243:
231:
219:
186:
174:
168:
385:, the title was used as a more scholarly alternative to the rank of
834:
637:
504:
conquered the city in 1478. It was abolished in Pskov in 1510 when
476:
418:
55:
822:
723:
715:
714:(IDF) for officers who in other countries would have the rank of
645:
641:
493:
291:
224:). The Achaemenid army was organized on a decimal basis, and the
860:
468:
317:
247:
188:
167:, a chiliarch was the commander of a 1024-strong chiliarchy or
129:
43:
481:
472:
370:
278:
as chiliarch, and thereby "second in authority" according to
237:
150:
111:
101:
500:. The chiliarch in Novgorod was abolished when Grand Prince
321:
311:
303:
954:
Warfare, State and
Society in the Byzantine World, 565–1204
687:
574:, a physician, a surgeon, a quartermaster and a priest.
726:. There are five chiliarch ranks, constituting the five
354:
Later Greek authors employed the term chiliarch for the
38:, it was subsequently used as a Greek translation of a
892:
587:
in July 1829, and thirteen light infantry battalions (
524:
decided to create an organizational framework for the
341:
333:
332:. From Persian, the term also passed into Armenian as
193:) of 16 men each. At the same time, officers known as
462:
438:
290:
is unclear, it was certainly in existence in the 3rd
705:
588:
569:
563:
551:
386:
316:). According to the 5th-century Armenian historian
455:who commanded a people's volunteer army called a
1032:
613:, literally "captain of a thousand". (The term
656:is used by the Hungarian army (officially the
349:
644:) and this rank is equivalent to the rank of
456:
158:
807:
794:
781:
759:
742:the one who commands a thousand people. The
516:The title was once again revived during the
205:armies, apparently as subordinate officers.
889:Brandis, Karl Georg (1899). "Chiliarchos".
578:
557:
545:
535:
529:
362:
140:
84:
864:, vol. II (1st ed.), Edinburgh:
185:heavy infantry, subdivided into 64 files (
910:
908:
906:
1009:
914:
888:
853:
1033:
947:
903:
837:, an alternative name for Millenarians
710:"chilliarch") is the term used in the
976:
974:
397:instituted 1,000-strong units termed
884:
882:
880:
878:
876:
522:First National Assembly at Epidaurus
808:
795:
782:
760:
695:
534:), each composed of ten centuries (
475:for a period of one year. Like the
13:
1046:Ancient Greek military terminology
1003:
971:
957:. London: UCL Press. p. 115.
895:. Vol. Band III, Halbband 6,
847:
14:
1077:
1056:Military ranks of ancient Macedon
873:
254:and after Hephaestion's death to
1051:Military ranks of ancient Greece
511:
750:are the same in all services.
262:shortly before his death named
941:
899:-Claudius. pp. 2275–2276.
746:(IDF) is an integrated force,
738:meaning "thousand", making an
426:
1:
841:
619:War of the Spanish Succession
274:, but then named his own son
451:), was a military leader in
417:
411:
405:
399:
377:
322:
312:
304:
268:
232:
226:
220:
214:
187:
175:
169:
42:who functioned as a kind of
7:
1024:10.7834/phoenix.69.3-4.0279
816:
706:
589:
570:
564:
552:
540:) of a hundred men under a
463:
439:
387:
350:Roman and Byzantine Empires
342:
334:
10:
1082:
1061:Byzantine military offices
915:Gignoux, Philippe (1991).
598:
430:
371:
238:
159:Ancient Macedon and Persia
151:
112:
102:
681:
663:
579:
558:
546:
536:
530:
518:Greek War of Independence
457:
448:
230:was the commander of the
1041:Military ranks of Greece
981:
861:Encyclopaedia Britannica
825:, a group of 1000 things
660:) and police force too.
640:(about 1000–1500 men in
625:has been used since the
568:), a subaltern known as
437:A chiliarch, in Russian
831:, a group of 1000 years
764:): the highest rank in
658:Hungarian Defence Force
520:. In January 1822, the
369:in particular rendered
320:, it was equivalent to
165:Ancient Macedonian army
63:
603:The Hungarian rank of
378:chiliarchos platysemos
363:
141:
85:
789:Secondary chiliarch,
744:Israel Defense Forces
730:in the IDF. The term
712:Israel Defense Forces
218:(also transliterated
668:The Turkish rank of
506:Vasily III of Russia
395:Nikephoros II Phokas
372:χιλίαρχος πλατύσημος
365:tribunus laticlavius
270:strategos autokrator
636:is the leader of a
627:Revolutions of 1848
409:and commanded by a
199:Alexander the Great
802:Deputy chilairch,
595:) formed instead.
502:Ivan III of Moscow
1066:Achaemenid Empire
934:978-0-939214-71-6
866:Colin Macfarquhar
776:Sub-chiliairch, '
754:Chief chiliarch,
704:
621:(1701–1714), the
359:military tribunes
52:military tribunes
1073:
1027:
1018:(3/4): 279–303.
998:
997:
978:
969:
968:
945:
939:
938:
921:Yarshater, Ehsan
912:
901:
900:
886:
871:
869:
851:
811:
810:
798:
797:
785:
784:
763:
762:
709:
699:
697:
617:was used in the
594:
582:
581:
573:
567:
561:
560:
555:
549:
548:
539:
538:
533:
532:
526:irregular troops
508:took that city.
466:
460:
459:
450:
442:
422:
414:
408:
402:
392:
383:Byzantine Empire
380:
374:
373:
368:
345:
339:
327:
315:
309:
280:Diodorus Siculus
273:
241:
240:
235:
229:
223:
217:
192:
180:
172:
154:
153:
144:
115:
114:
105:
104:
88:
1081:
1080:
1076:
1075:
1074:
1072:
1071:
1070:
1031:
1030:
1006:
1004:Further reading
1001:
983:
979:
972:
965:
946:
942:
935:
913:
904:
887:
874:
852:
848:
844:
819:
684:
666:
601:
585:Battle of Petra
580:πεντακοσιαρχίες
514:
435:
429:
352:
324:wuzurg framadār
296:Sasanian Empire
288:Parthian Empire
173:"order" of the
161:
66:
40:Persian officer
36:Macedonian army
26:dating back to
17:
12:
11:
5:
1079:
1069:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1029:
1028:
1005:
1002:
1000:
999:
970:
963:
940:
933:
902:
872:
845:
843:
840:
839:
838:
832:
826:
818:
815:
814:
813:
800:
787:
774:
768:
683:
680:
665:
662:
615:ezereskapitány
611:ezereskapitány
600:
597:
565:ypochiliarchos
513:
510:
490:Dmitry Donskoy
431:Main article:
428:
425:
351:
348:
330:prime minister
300:Middle Persian
195:pentakosiarchs
160:
157:
65:
62:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1078:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1036:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1008:
1007:
995:
991:
987:
977:
975:
966:
964:1-85728-495-X
960:
956:
955:
950:
944:
936:
930:
926:
922:
918:
911:
909:
907:
898:
897:Campanus ager
894:
893:
885:
883:
881:
879:
877:
867:
863:
862:
857:
850:
846:
836:
833:
830:
827:
824:
821:
820:
805:
801:
792:
788:
779:
775:
773:
769:
767:
757:
753:
752:
751:
749:
745:
741:
737:
734:comes from a
733:
729:
728:highest ranks
725:
721:
717:
713:
708:
702:
693:
689:
679:
677:
673:
672:
661:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
630:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
607:
596:
593:
592:
586:
575:
572:
566:
554:
553:ekatontarchos
543:
537:εκατονταρχίες
527:
523:
519:
512:Modern Greece
509:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
488:Grand Prince
486:
483:
478:
474:
470:
465:
454:
446:
441:
434:
424:
421:
420:
413:
407:
401:
396:
391:
390:
384:
379:
367:
366:
360:
357:
347:
344:
338:
337:
331:
326:
325:
319:
314:
308:
307:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
272:
271:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
234:
228:
227:hazahrapatish
222:
216:
215:hazahrapatish
211:
206:
204:
200:
196:
191:
190:
184:
179:
178:
171:
166:
156:
148:
145:, from Greek
143:
137:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
109:
99:
96:
92:
91:transcription
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
61:
59:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
25:
24:military rank
21:
16:Military rank
1015:
1011:
985:
953:
949:Haldon, John
943:
924:
890:
859:
849:
803:
790:
777:
771:
755:
739:
736:Semitic root
731:
685:
669:
667:
653:
633:
631:
622:
614:
610:
604:
602:
576:
559:υποχιλίαρχος
547:εκατόνταρχος
542:hecatontarch
515:
487:
436:
353:
258:. Likewise,
207:
162:
146:
138:
133:
125:
121:
117:
107:
97:
73:
67:
60:
56:armed forces
31:
19:
18:
917:"Chiliarch"
791:Aluf mishne
770:Chiliarch,
720:air marshal
652:. The term
453:Kievan Rus'
427:Ancient Rus
412:chiliarchos
400:chiliarchia
389:droungarios
361:, with the
284:Hellenistic
264:Polyperchon
252:Hephaestion
221:azarapateis
201:and in the
177:pezhetairoi
147:khiliarkhía
142:chiliarchia
134:thousandman
126:chiliarchos
122:chiliarchus
108:khiliárkhēs
98:khilíarkhos
86:chiliarchus
46:and of the
1035:Categories
856:Chiliarcha
842:References
829:millennium
571:taxiarchos
531:χιλιαρχίες
498:namestniks
440:tysiatskii
433:Tysiatskii
419:taxiarches
406:taxiarchia
381:). In the
294:under the
233:melophoroi
210:Achaemenid
183:hypaspists
118:chiliarcha
48:Roman army
32:chiliarchy
804:Sgan aluf
796:אלוף-משנה
701:romanized
494:voyevodas
477:posadniks
343:hazarwuxt
336:hazarapet
276:Cassander
260:Antipater
256:Perdiccas
244:majordomo
239:μηλοφόροι
203:Ptolemaic
152:χιλιαρχία
113:χιλιάρχης
103:χιλίαρχος
74:chiliarch
34:) in the
28:antiquity
20:Chiliarch
994:31255024
951:(1999).
835:Chiliast
817:See also
809:סגן-אלוף
778:Tat aluf
756:Rav aluf
638:regiment
464:tysyacha
449:тысяцкий
313:hazāruft
306:hazārbed
181:and the
78:borrowed
1012:Phoenix
923:(ed.).
823:chiliad
783:תת-אלוף
761:רב-אלוף
724:admiral
716:general
703::
671:binbaşı
654:ezredes
646:colonel
642:Hungary
634:ezredes
623:ezredes
606:ezredes
599:Hungary
591:tagmata
445:Russian
292:century
163:In the
130:calqued
70:English
992:
961:
931:
868:, 1771
707:allūp̄
692:Hebrew
682:Israel
664:Turkey
469:boyars
458:тысяча
318:Elishe
248:vizier
212:title
189:lochoi
106:) and
44:vizier
984:[
919:. In
748:ranks
722:, or
676:Major
650:major
482:knyaz
473:veche
471:at a
356:Roman
170:taxis
124:, or
95:Greek
82:Latin
80:from
72:term
22:is a
990:OCLC
959:ISBN
929:ISBN
772:Aluf
740:aluf
732:aluf
696:אלוף
688:aluf
496:and
340:and
89:, a
76:was
68:The
64:Name
1020:doi
858:",
766:IDF
686:An
648:or
632:An
629:.)
415:or
403:or
328:or
310:or
266:as
246:or
155:).
136:.
132:as
128:or
93:of
50:'s
1037::
1016:69
1014:.
973:^
905:^
875:^
718:,
698:,
694::
678:.
562:,
550:,
447::
423:.
346:.
302::
120:,
58:.
1026:.
1022::
996:.
967:.
937:.
870:.
854:"
812:)
806:(
799:)
793:(
786:)
780:(
758:(
690:(
544:(
461:(
443:(
375:(
298:(
236:(
149:(
110:(
100:(
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