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associated with the royal court. It would also improve the position and respectability of the Polish state on the international, European scene. The Church also helped to strengthen the monarch's authority and brought to Poland much experience with regard to state administration. Thus, the Church organisation supported the state, and in return, bishops received important government titles (in the later era, they were members of the
374:
60:
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663:, where it gained a significant following only around the 12th century. Initially, the clergy came from the Western Christian European countries; native Polish clergy took three or four generations to emerge, and were supported by the monasteries and friars that grew increasingly common in the 12th century. By the 13th century Roman Catholicism had become the dominant religion throughout Poland.
666:
In adopting
Christianity as the state religion, Mieszko sought to achieve several personal goals. He saw Poland's baptism as a way of strengthening his hold on power, as well as using it as a unifying force for the Polish people. It replaced several smaller cults with a single, central one, clearly
541:
The
Moravian cultural influence played a significant role in the spread of Christianity onto the Polish lands and the subsequent adoption of that religion. In the opinion of Davies, the Christianization of Poland through the Czech–Polish alliance represented a conscious choice on the part of Polish
714:
permission to visit Poland that year. The desire of the
Communist party to separate religion from the state made the festivities a culture clash between the state and the Church. While the Church was focusing on the religious, ecclesiastical aspects of the baptism, with slogans (in Latin) like
616:
The baptismal mission which began in the two major cities of
Gniezno and Poznań with the baptism of Mieszko and his court spread throughout the country. During the 10th and 11th centuries various ecclesiastical organs were established in Poland. This included the building of churches and the
555:
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rulers to ally themselves with the Czech state rather than the German one. In a similar fashion, some of the later political struggles involved the Polish Church refusing to subordinate itself to the German hierarchy and instead being directly subordinate to the
709:
witnessed large festivities on the 1,000th anniversary of those events, with the Church celebrating the 1,000 years of
Christianity in Poland, while the Communist government celebrated the secular 1,000 years of the Polish State, culminated in twice denying
603:
The ceremony was preceded by a week of oral catechism and several days of fasting. The actual ceremony involved pouring water over the segregated groups of men and women, although it is possible that their heads were immersed instead, and anointed with the
484:
While the spread of
Christianity in Poland took centuries to finish, the process was ultimately successful, as within several decades Poland joined the rank of established European states recognised by the papacy and the
489:. According to historians, the baptism of Poland marks the beginning of Polish statehood. Nevertheless, the Christianization was a long and arduous process, as most of the Polish population remained pagan until the
1386:
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Although at first the
Christian religion was "unpopular and alien", Mieszko's baptism was highly influential but needed to be enforced by the state, and ran into some popular opposition, including
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254:
244:
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781:
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469:, 14 April 966 (under the Julian pre-Gregorian calendar, equivalent to 19 April 966 Gregorian), although the exact location is disputed by historians, with the cities of
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1989:
1200:
Narodziny Międzymorza: ukształtowanie ojczyzn, powstanie państw oraz układy geopolityczne wschodniej części Europy w późnej starożytności i we wczesnym średniowieczu
1390:
652:(particularly intense in the years of 1035–1037). Nonetheless, by that time Poland had won recognition as a proper European state, from both the papacy and the
577:, a zealous Christian, played a significant role in promoting Christianity in Poland, and might have had a significant influence on converting Mieszko himself.
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788:(led by Colonel Lisztok), as well as cadets of military academies and other ceremonial units dressed in Polish historical military uniforms dating back to the
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The preparations for the millennial celebrations begun with the Great Novena of 1957, which marked a nine years period of fast and prayer. In 1966, the
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was among the most widespread pagan gods worshiped in Poland. Christianity arrived around the late 9th century, most likely around the time when the
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on 22 July to coincide with the annual
National Day of the Rebirth of Poland celebrations (set on the anniversary of the signing of the
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was framing the celebrations as a secular, political anniversary of the creation of the Polish state, with slogans (in Polish) like
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issued 128,475,000 commemorative stamps honoring the millennium anniversary of the adoption of
Christianity in Poland.
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noted, both the Church and the Party had "rival, and mutually exclusive, interpretations of significance".
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1340:"Niesamowita Defilada Tysiąclecia. Tak to wyglądało w 1966 [WIDEO] | Warszawa W Pigułce"
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are the most likely sites. However, other historians have suggested alternative locations, such as
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supported
Christianization missions to neighboring lands, notably the mission of future Saint
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Before the adoption of Christianity in modern-day Poland, there were a number of different
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569:"The Baptism of Poland" refers to the ceremony when the first ruler of the Polish state,
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792:. The parade is today regarded as the largest military parade in the history of Poland.
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1387:"Рыцари (в кинореквизите) участвуют в параде в честь 1000-летия Польского государства"
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481:, is often seen as a major influence on Mieszko's decision to accept Christianity.
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Out of various provinces of today's Poland, Christianity's spread was slowest in
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508:, Mieszko's wife who played a major role in Poland's conversion to Christianity.
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The exact place of Mieszko's baptism is disputed; Most historians argue that
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The Crosses of Auschwitz: Nationalism And Religion in Post-communist Poland
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tribe encountered the Christian rite in dealings with their neighbors, the
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Materiały sesji naukowej odbytej 29 czerwca 1993 roku, Kraków, 1994
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1315:"Defilada tysiąclecia – partyjne obchody milenium – zdjęcie nr 7"
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as holding a crucifix in an allusion to the Baptism of Poland.
59:
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1413:"Jak wyglądała największa parada wojskowa w historii Polski"
1001:
Juliusz Bardach, Boguslaw Lesnodorski, and Michal Pietrzak,
918:
776:
Major General Czesław Waryszak (1919–1979). Troops of the
1005:
Warsaw: Paristwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1987, pp. 53–54
3054:
Political influence of Evangelicalism in Latin America
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912:
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906:
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441:) refers to the introduction and subsequent spread of
832:
List of archbishops of Gniezno and primates of Poland
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First Secretary of the Polish United Workers' Party
561:, the first Christian ruler of Poland. Depicted by
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596:. The date of Mieszko's baptism was 14 April 966,
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772:while it was commanded by the commander of the
741:An anniversary parade was held in front of the
1222:Professor Anita J. Prazmowska (13 July 2011).
1215:
1080:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 10–13.
997:
995:
993:
991:
989:
987:
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919:Jerzy Lukowski; W. H. Zawadzki (6 July 2006).
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1112:
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1108:
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925:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 9–10.
861:
701:Ceremonial cavalry during the parade in 1966.
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477:being the most likely sites. Mieszko's wife,
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1008:
946:
857:
855:
853:
851:
780:were on parade, featuring units such as the
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980:
959:. University of Chicago Press. p. 64.
727:(A Thousand Years of the Polish State). As
1460:
1446:
1101:
417:
403:
1203:. Bellona. p. 638. GGKEY:KQL3CPL831C
1120:Historical Dictionary of Poland, 966–1945
953:Geneviève Zubrzycki (15 September 2006).
865:Historical Dictionary of Poland, 966–1945
848:
761:, as well as members of the PUWP and the
696:
684:
553:
500:
17:
2878:Fostering of early experimental science
3117:
2982:Fundamentalist – Modernist controversy
1264:. Columbia University Press. pp.
1249:
1074:Jerzy Kłoczowski (14 September 2000).
1441:
1429:Bibliography of the history of Poland
1260:God's Playground: The origins to 1795
1162:. Columbia University Press. p.
1158:God's Playground: The origins to 1795
1023:. Columbia University Press. p.
1019:God's Playground: The origins to 1795
782:Representative Honor Guard of the LWP
736:U.S. Bureau of Engraving and Printing
445:. The impetus to the process was the
693:commemorating the baptism of Poland.
24:Christianization of Poland A.D. 966.
896:Chrystianizacja Polski południowej.
13:
1422:
1228:. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 24.
1003:Historia panstwa i prawa polskiego
14:
3161:
3125:History of Christianity in Poland
1433:
1117:Halina Lerski (30 January 1996).
862:Halina Lerski (30 January 1996).
617:appointment of clergy. The first
1296:U.S. #1313 Polish Millennium MNH
1077:A History of Polish Christianity
384:
372:
58:
1405:
1379:
1354:
1332:
1307:
1289:
1256:Norman Davies (30 March 2005).
1154:Norman Davies (30 March 2005).
1015:Norman Davies (30 March 2005).
817:Christianization of Kievan Rus'
675:Millennial celebrations of 1966
514:Poland in the Early Middle Ages
2841:Separation of church and state
2510:Formal and material principles
2495:Separation of church and state
868:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 104–105.
719:(Poland's Sacred Millennium),
681:Millennium of the Polish State
1:
2505:Hymnody of continental Europe
1656:Apostles in the New Testament
743:Palace of Culture and Science
725:Tysiąclecie Państwa Polskiego
496:
827:History of Poland (966–1385)
7:
1953:Eastern Orthodox opposition
922:A Concise History of Poland
812:Christianization of Bohemia
795:
765:. The parade inspector was
707:People's Republic of Poland
142:Prehistory and protohistory
10:
3166:
3150:Christianization of Europe
1970:Art patronage of Julius II
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678:
612:Christianization of Poland
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511:
431:Christianization of Poland
365:Timeline of Polish history
3135:10th-century Christianity
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2897:
2816:
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2473:Calvinist–Arminian debate
2447:
2214:
2097:
1933:
1824:
1706:
1604:
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1475:
1197:Leszek Moczulski (2007).
802:Catholic Church in Poland
717:Sacrum Poloniae Millenium
2962:Christian existentialism
1123:. ABC-CLIO. p. 27.
842:
774:Warsaw Military District
650:an uprising in the 1030s
643:Archbishopric of Gniezno
1469:History of Christianity
763:Polish Council of State
235:Early elective monarchy
202:10th century–1385
3145:10th century in Poland
3030:Fourth Great Awakening
2917:Second Great Awakening
2156:Fall of Constantinople
1948:Development of primacy
753:). It was attended by
702:
694:
689:Contemporary mural in
641:, and established the
629:in 968. Mieszko's son
566:
509:
454:
443:Christianity in Poland
439:chrystianizacja Polski
438:
31:
3025:Reformed epistemology
2967:Third Great Awakening
2937:Seventh-day Adventist
2858:First Great Awakening
2731:Book of Common Prayer
2525:Protestant work ethic
2068:Independent Catholics
2019:Monastery dissolution
1301:14 April 2015 at the
734:On 30 July 1966, the
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688:
557:
504:
118:Territorial evolution
21:
2848:Edicts of toleration
2657:Three Forms of Unity
2422:Bohemian Reformation
1995:Catholic Reformation
1852:Roman state religion
1671:Council of Jerusalem
807:Lech, Czech, and Rus
778:Polish People's Army
631:Bolesław I the Brave
592:, or even in German
3020:Liberation theology
2927:Jehovah's Witnesses
2760:Radical Reformation
2488:Resistance theories
2375:Christian mysticism
2370:Early Scholasticism
2082:Ecclesial community
1980:Counter-Reformation
1845:Constantinian shift
1225:A History of Poland
721:the Communist Party
625:, was appointed by
208:Jagiellonian period
154:Bronze and Iron Age
3094:Oriental Orthodoxy
2737:King James Version
2549:Ninety-five Theses
2345:Apostolic Brethren
2119:Church of the East
2114:Oriental Orthodoxy
1960:Crusading movement
1480:Early Christianity
703:
695:
645:in the year 1000.
635:Adalbert of Prague
575:Dobrawa of Bohemia
567:
538:(Bohemian) state.
510:
493:during the 1030s.
479:Dobrawa of Bohemia
391:History portal
280:Partitioned Poland
245:Deluge and decline
32:
3112:
3111:
3089:Eastern Orthodoxy
2957:Finnish Awakening
2912:Holiness movement
2853:Congregationalism
2812:
2811:
2672:Metrical psalters
2109:Eastern Orthodoxy
2053:Neo-Scholasticism
1760:Canon development
1661:Jewish Christians
1275:978-0-231-12817-9
1235:978-0-230-34537-9
1173:978-0-231-12817-9
1130:978-0-313-03456-5
1087:978-0-521-36429-4
1034:978-0-231-12817-9
966:978-0-226-99304-1
932:978-0-521-85332-3
875:978-0-313-03456-5
837:Northern Crusades
770:Marian Spychalski
767:Marshal of Poland
755:Władysław Gomułka
654:Holy Roman Empire
487:Holy Roman Empire
447:Baptism of Poland
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379:Poland portal
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184:Early Middle Ages
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1899:Constantinople I
1691:General epistles
1686:Pauline epistles
1666:Paul the Apostle
1644:Great Commission
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1389:. Archived from
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1342:. 16 August 2015
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619:Bishop of Poland
518:Slavic mythology
457:), the personal
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106:Military history
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2578:Book of Concord
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1779:Clement of Rome
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1423:Further reading
1420:
1415:. 19 July 2016.
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1393:on 14 July 2019
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70:
50:
43:
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11:
5:
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3010:Pentecostalism
3007:
3005:Jesus movement
3002:
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1925:Biblical canon
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1826:Late antiquity
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1796:
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1434:External links
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3099:Protestantism
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747:Parade Square
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598:Holy Saturday
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467:Holy Saturday
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3015:Charismatics
2998:
2977:Gospel music
2907:Camp meeting
2899:1789–present
2831:Missionaries
2801:
2794:
2785:Menno Simons
2729:
2725:Church music
2576:
2547:
2432:Conciliarism
2417:Papal Schism
2297:
2259:Scandinavian
2151:Great Schism
2129:Nestorianism
2101:Christianity
2033:priest holes
1914:Chalcedonian
1877:Christianity
1831:Great Church
1639:Resurrection
1407:
1395:. Retrieved
1391:the original
1381:
1369:. Retrieved
1366:kronikarp.pl
1365:
1362:"Kronika RP"
1356:
1344:. Retrieved
1334:
1322:. Retrieved
1318:
1309:
1291:
1279:. Retrieved
1259:
1251:
1239:. Retrieved
1224:
1217:
1205:. Retrieved
1199:
1177:. Retrieved
1157:
1134:. Retrieved
1119:
1091:. Retrieved
1076:
1038:. Retrieved
1018:
1010:
1002:
970:. Retrieved
955:
948:
936:. Retrieved
921:
895:
891:
879:. Retrieved
864:
822:Dagome Iudex
740:
733:
724:
716:
712:Pope Paul VI
704:
665:
658:
647:
615:
602:
579:
568:
540:
521:
483:
446:
430:
428:
363:
337:Contemporary
310:World War II
226:Early Modern
198:Piast period
188:
96:Coat of arms
81:Polonization
22:
15:
3104:Catholicism
3041:Protestants
3035:Evangelical
2710:39 Articles
2705:Elizabethan
2682:Anglicanism
2662:Westminster
2572:Melanchthon
2535:Lutheranism
2500:Nicodemites
2478:Arminianism
2449:Reformation
2390:Bonaventure
2365:Inquisition
2360:Waldensians
2310:Investiture
2288:Kievan Rus'
2244:Anglo-Saxon
2224:Pelagianism
2216:Middle Ages
2139:Iconodulism
2014:Thomas More
1935:Catholicism
1857:Monasticism
1840:Constantine
1765:Persecution
1723:Adoptionism
1708:Ante-Nicene
1651:Holy Spirit
1634:Crucifixion
1605:Origins and
1506:2nd and 3rd
1319:wyborcza.pl
757:, the then
563:Jan Matejko
349:1989–
290:World War I
177:Middle Ages
76:Polonophile
49:History of
29:Jan Matejko
3119:Categories
2826:Revivalism
2747:Anabaptism
2695:Henry VIII
2520:Literature
2144:Iconoclasm
2124:Chrysostom
2077:Vatican II
2043:Jansenists
2029:Mass rocks
1965:Lateran IV
1884:Athanasius
1804:Tertullian
1748:Marcionism
1743:Gnosticism
1696:Revelation
1614:Background
594:Regensburg
497:Background
2992:Ecumenism
2942:Adventism
2932:Mormonism
2868:Millerism
2863:Methodism
2818:1640–1789
2720:Civil War
2667:Orthodoxy
2622:Huguenots
2604:Calvinism
2589:Eucharist
2584:Orthodoxy
2468:Eucharist
2400:Five Ways
2350:Dulcinian
2303:Pomerania
2229:Gregory I
2073:Vatican I
2063:Modernism
2048:Molinists
2038:Guadalupe
1909:Chalcedon
1904:Ephesus I
1894:Augustine
1770:Apostolic
1753:Montanism
1718:Diversity
1494:Centuries
661:Pomerania
571:Mieszko I
559:Mieszko I
463:Mieszko I
159:Antiquity
149:Stone Age
128:Statehood
3084:Theology
3072:Missions
3067:Timeline
3039:Mainline
2987:Pacifism
2836:Baptists
2755:Theology
2715:Puritans
2690:Timeline
2632:Scotland
2560:Theology
2407:Wycliffe
2355:Crusades
2330:Bogomils
2283:Bulgaria
2239:Germanic
2191:Ethiopia
2089:Timeline
1867:Nicaea I
1862:Councils
1794:Irenaeus
1789:Ignatius
1784:Polycarp
1738:Donatism
1733:Docetism
1728:Arianism
1629:Ministry
1299:Archived
796:See also
532:Vistulan
528:Svetovid
526:tribes.
101:Monarchs
40:a series
38:Part of
3130:Baptism
3077:Martyrs
2873:Pietism
2803:Ausbund
2775:Müntzer
2700:Cranmer
2647:Baptism
2612:Zwingli
2463:Erasmus
2412:Avignon
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2340:Cathars
2335:Bosnian
2325:Bernard
2320:Abelard
2293:Moravia
2278:Bohemia
2264:Iceland
2186:Serbian
2166:Georgia
2161:Armenia
2099:Eastern
2000:Jesuits
1676:Gospels
1624:Baptism
1397:14 July
1371:31 July
1346:31 July
1324:31 July
1281:5 April
1241:5 April
1207:5 April
1179:5 April
1136:5 April
1093:5 April
1040:5 April
972:5 April
938:5 April
881:5 April
691:Gniezno
582:Gniezno
550:Baptism
544:Vatican
506:Dobrawa
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459:baptism
351:present
2765:Grebel
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2543:Luther
2437:Synods
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2298:Poland
2254:Gothic
2249:Franks
2234:Celtic
2201:Russia
2181:Syriac
2171:Greece
2058:Teresa
2005:Xavier
1943:Papacy
1889:Jerome
1809:Origen
1710:period
1485:Spread
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623:Jordan
606:chrism
586:Poznań
471:Poznań
451:Polish
435:Polish
272:Modern
69:Topics
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2999:solae
2997:Five
2790:Smyth
2642:TULIP
2565:Bible
2273:Slavs
2176:Egypt
2134:Icons
1985:Trent
1975:Leo X
1872:Creed
1268:–17.
843:Notes
524:pagan
3049:left
3047:and
3037:and
2887:and
2885:Neo-
2652:Dort
2637:Knox
2483:Wars
2075:and
2031:and
2024:Wars
1681:Acts
1596:21st
1591:20th
1586:19th
1581:18th
1576:17th
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1566:15th
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1556:13th
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1399:2019
1373:2020
1348:2020
1326:2020
1283:2012
1270:ISBN
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883:2012
870:ISBN
516:and
473:and
429:The
111:Wars
91:Name
86:Flag
3140:966
2594:Art
2452:and
2427:Hus
1990:Art
1536:9th
1531:8th
1526:7th
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