381:. Members of the royal family became patrons of writers by commissioning books. As materials became cheaper a book trade developed, so writers and bookmakers produced books for the French nobility, who could afford to establish their own libraries. Christine thus had no single patron who consistently supported her financially and became associated with the royal court and the different factions of the royal family â the Burgundy, Orleans and Berry â each having their own respective courts. Throughout her career Christine undertook concurrent paid projects for individual patrons and subsequently published these works for dissemination among the nobility of France.
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646:, but articulated the medieval belief that God is the lord and governor of battle and that wars are the proper execution of justice. Nevertheless, she acknowledged that in a war "many great wrongs, extortions, and grievous deeds are committed, as well as raping, killings, forced executions, and arsons". Christine limited the right to wage war to sovereign kings because as head of states they were responsible for the welfare of their subjects. In 1411 the royal court published an edict prohibiting nobles from raising an army.
55:
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enters into a dialogue, a movement between question and answer, with these allegorical figures that is from a completely female perspective. Together, they create a forum to speak on issues of consequence to all women. Only female voices, examples and opinions provide evidence within this text. Through Lady Reason in particular
Christine argues that stereotypes of women can be sustained only if women are prevented from entering into the conversation.
1407:
979:
711:). The bound book contained 30 of Christine's writings and 130 miniatures. She had been asked by the queen to produce the book. The work is noted for its quality miniature illuminations; Christine herself and her past royal patrons are depicted. As a mark of ownership and authorship the opening frontispiece depicts Queen Isabeau being presented with the book by Christine.
938:. Within her allegorical city of illustrious ladies, she reimagines the mythological figure, Medusa. Christine de Pizan's Medusa, in stark contrast to the typical portrayal in classical texts, is not a monstrous and deadly creature, but a woman deserving of safety from male harm. De Pizan is the first to provide a feminist revisionist perspective of the ancient myth.
1421:
680:. Christine encouraged the dauphin to deserve respect, by administering justice promptly and living by worthy example. Christine urged young princes to make themselves available to their subjects, avoid anger and cruelty, to act liberally, mercifully and truthfully. Christine's interpretation of the virtuous Christian prince built on the advice to rulers by
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506:, Christine lamented that her contemporaries had to resort to strangers to read the law to them. Before the book was completed, Philip the Bold died, and Christine offered the book to Jean, Duke of Berry in 1405 in an attempt to find a new patron. She was paid 100 livres for the book by Philip the Bold's successor
589:, also known as John the Fearless, plunged France into a crisis when he ordered the assassination of Louis of Orléans. The Duke of Burgundy fled Paris when his complicity in the assassination became known, but was appointed regent of France on behalf of Charles VI in late 1408 after his military victory in the
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which was a continuation of the version by
Guillaume de Lorris and characterised women as seducers. Christine claimed that Meun's views were misogynistic, vulgar, immoral, and slanderous to women. Christine sparked a debate over the literary merits of the work when she confronted the royal secretary,
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was to be
Christine's last major work and contained detailed formulations of her thoughts on good governance. The period was marked by bouts of civil war and failed attempts to bring John the Fearless to justice for assassinating his cousin. Christine addressed Louis of Guyenne directly, encouraging
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and Marie-Josephe Pinet are credited with reviving the work of de Pizan in the early 20th century, as a writer who had been forgotten in France but noted elsewhere. Laigle noticed for instance that
Spanish writers had borrowed extensively from de Pizan's work, even though it had not been translated
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After her husband
Etienne died, Christine was left to support her mother and her children. When she tried to collect money from her husband's estate, she faced complicated lawsuits regarding the recovery of salaries still owed to her husband. Through this, Christine became a court writer. By 1393,
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and other saints
Christine offered advice on how the noble lady could achieve the love of God. Christine speaks through the allegorical figures of God's daughters â Reason, Rectitude and Justice â who represent the Three Virtues most important to women's success. Through secular examples of these
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had played a central role in the stability of the royal court and had acted as regent of France. Christine published a series of works on the virtues of women, referencing Queen
Blanche and dedicating them to Queen Isabeau. In 1402 she described Queen Isabeau as "High, excellent crowned Queen of
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who since 1392 experienced a series of mental breakdowns, causing a crisis of leadership for the French monarchy. He was often absent from court and could eventually only make decisions with the approval of a royal council. Queen
Isabeau was nominally in charge of governance when her husband was
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Christine created a symbolic city in which women are appreciated and defended. She constructed three allegorical figures â Reason, Justice, and
Rectitude â in the common pattern of literature in that era when many books and poetry used stock allegorical figures to express ideas or emotions. She
314:, which caught the attention of wealthy patrons within the court. Christine became a prolific writer. Her involvement in the production of her books and her skillful use of patronage in turbulent political times has earned her the title of the first professional woman of letters in Europe.
1258:
features a place setting for
Christine de Pizan. In the 1980s Sandra Hindman published a study of the political events referenced in the illuminations of Christine's published works. In recent decades, Christine's work has continued to grow in reputation by the efforts of scholars such as
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Christine published 41 known pieces of poetry and prose in her lifetime and she gained fame across Europe as the first professional woman writer. She achieved such credibility that royalty commissioned her prose and contemporary intellectuals kept copies of her works in their libraries.
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Historians assume that Christine spent the last ten years of her life in the Dominican convent of Poissy because of the civil war and the occupation of Paris by the English. Away from the royal court her literary activity ceased. However, in 1429, after
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In the early 19th century Raimond Thomassy published an overview of Christine's political writings and noted that modern editions of these writings were not published and that as a political theorist Christine was descending into obscurity. Similarly,
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Jean de Montreuil, who had written a short treatise praising the work. The debate continued between Christine and two other male royal secretaries who defended Jean in a heated exchange. At the height of the exchange Christine published
226:. Considered to be some of the earliest feminist writings, her work includes novels, poetry, and biography, and she also penned literary, historical, philosophical, political, and religious reviews and analyses. Her best known works are
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from the royal reasury for the book. In the preface Christine explained that she published the manual in French so that it could be read by practitioners of war not well versed in Latin. The book opened with a discussion of the
577:, that "such governance is not profitable at all for the common good". Christine also devoted several chapters to the duties of a king as a military leader and she described in detail the role of the military class in society.
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Although Venetian by birth, Christine expressed a fervent nationalism for France. Affectively and financially she became attached to the French royal family, donating or dedicating her early ballads to its members, including
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three virtues, Christine urged women to discover meaning and achieve worthy acts in their lives. Christine argued that women's success depends on their ability to manage and mediate by speaking and writing effectively.
178:
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him to continue the quest for peace in France. She argued that "Every kingdom divided in itself will be made desolate, and every city and house divided against itself will not stand". Christine was acquainted with
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in 1400. Between 1408 and 1415 Christine produced further editions of the book. Throughout her career she produced rededicated editions of the book with customised prologues for patrons, including an edition for
1066:, who as agnatic heir to the Bourbon lands became co-regent. Christine's advice to princesses was translated and circulated as manuscripts or printed books among the royal families of France and Portugal. The
670:. Christine drew a utopian vision of a just ruler, who could take advice from those older or wiser. In arguing that peace and justice were possible on earth as well as in heaven, Christine was influenced by
255:, Italy. She was the daughter of Tommaso di Benvenuto da Pizzano. Her father became known as Thomas de Pizan, named for the family's origins in the village of Pizzano (currently part of the municipality of
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ideals was in line with the style of other popular authors at the time, her outspoken defence of women was an anomaly. In her works she vindicated women against popular misogynist texts, such as
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Christine is believed to have died in 1430, before Joan was tried and executed by the English. After her death the political crisis in France was resolved when Queen Isabeau's only surviving son
926:. Christine repeatedly used the theological argument that men and women are created in God's image and both have souls capable of embracing God's goodness. Among the inhabitants of the
872:). In this particular apologetic response, Christine belittles her own writing style, employing a rhetorical strategy by writing against the grain of her meaning, also known as
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in Paris, Christine was one of the 10 pioneering female contributors to French history honoured by gold-coloured statues which rose from giant pedestals along the river Seine.
1246:
was "the first time we see a woman take up her pen in defence of her sex". Beginning in the 1950s, scholarly work by Suzanne Solente further bolstered Christine's reputation.
949:. She took the position that all women were capable of humility, diligence and moral rectitude, and that duly educated all women could become worthy residents of the imaginary
238:, both prose works written when she worked for John the Fearless of Burgundy. Her books of advice to princesses, princes, and knights remained in print until the 16th century.
899:). The first of these shows the importance of women's past contributions to society, and the second strives to teach women of all estates how to cultivate useful qualities.
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came of age Christine addressed three works to him with the intention of promoting wise and effective government. The earliest of the three works has been lost. In
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Christine specifically sought out other women to collaborate in the creation of her work. She makes special mention of a manuscript illustrator we know only as
839:. Christine is shown before the personifications of Rectitude, Reason, and Justice in her study, and working alongside Justice to build the 'Cité des dames'.
2886:
Redfern, Jenny (1995), "Christine de Pisan and The Treasure of the City of Ladies: A Medieval Rhetorician and Her Rhetoric", in Lunsford, Andrea A (ed.),
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McGrady, Deborah (1998), "What Is a Patron? Benefactors and Authorship in Harley 4431, Christine de Pizan's Collected Works", in Desmond, Marilynn (ed.),
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After her death in 1430, Christine's influence was acknowledged by a variety of authors and her writings remained popular. While de Pizan's mixture of
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In 1402, Christine became involved in a renowned literary controversy, the "Querelle du Roman de la Rose". Christine questioned the literary merits of
565:), published in 1407 and dedicated to the dauphin, Christine set out a political treatise which analysed and described the customs and governments of
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2733:
Iacobone, Damiano (2021), "Christine de Pizan and Her Treatise on Fortifications (1410)", in Magnaghi-Delfino, P.; Mele, G.; Norando, T. (eds.),
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of Burgundy and in the chronicle, Christine passed judgment on the state of the royal court. When praising the efforts of Charles V in studying
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is tutored in statecraft and the political virtues by the goddess of wisdom Othéa. Christine produced richly illustrated luxury editions of
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953:. Drawing on her own life, Christine advised women on how to navigate the perils of early 15th-century French society. With reference to
1054:) became an important reference point for royal women in the 15th and 16th centuries; French editions were still being printed in 1536.
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726:). In it, Christine did not express any optimism or hope that peace could be found on earth; instead, she expressed the view that the
593:. It is not certain who commissioned Christine to write a treatise on military warfare, but in 1410 Christine published the manual on
454:, which satirizes the conventions of courtly love while critically depicting women as nothing more than seducers. In the midst of the
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in 1389, a year after her father had died. On 4 June 1389, in a judgment concerning a lawsuit filed against her by the archbishop of
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After civil war had broken out in France, Christine in 1413 offered guidance to the young dauphin on how to govern well, publishing
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and in 1368 Christine moved to Paris. In 1379 Christine de Pizan married the notary and royal secretary Etienne du Castel.
2636:, The Carroll C. Arnold Distinguished Lecture National Communication Association, November 2001, Boston: Pearson Education
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290:
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The Epistle of the Prison of Human Life: With an Epistle to the Queen of France and Lament on the Evils of the Civil War
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and François Chanteprime, councillors of the King, Christine was called "damoiselle" and "widow of Estienne du Castel".
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Just Wars and Moral Victories: Surprise, Deception and the Normative Framework of European War in the Later Middle Ages
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Christine deliberated on the debate of whether the virtues of men and women differ, a frequently debated topic in late
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Christine produced a large number of vernacular works, in both prose and verse. Her works include political treatises,
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Christine addressed the "community" of women with the stated objective of instructing them on the means of achieving
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Comprehensive bibliography of her works, including listings of the manuscripts, editions, translations, and essays.
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reproduced Christine's detailed accounts of the armies and material needed to defend a castle or town against a
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In 1404, Christine chronicled the life of Charles V, portraying him as the ideal king and political leader, in
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In 1414, Christine presented Queen Isabeau with a lavishly decorated collection of her works (now known as
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absent from court but could not extinguish the quarrel between members of the royal family. In the past,
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Krueger, Roberta (1998), "Christine's Anxious Lessons: Gender, Morality, and the Social Order from the
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818:, illustrating 'Le Duc des vrais amants', from a collection of works presented in 1414 by Christine to
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Kelly, F. Douglas (1971), "Reflections on the Role of Christine de Pisan as a Feminist Writer",
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1350:(1405) ("Book of the Three Virtues", known in English as "Treasure of the City of the Ladies")
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1444:
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1129:. Philippe Le Noir authored an abridged version of Christine's book in 1527 under the title
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Wolfthal, Diane (1998), ""Douleur sur toutes autres": Revisualizing the Rape Script in the
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8:
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768:, Christine expressed renewed optimism. She cast Joan as the fulfilment of prophecies by
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In 1418, Christine published a consolation for women who had lost family members in the
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553:, advising the young princess on what she had to learn. As Queen Isabeau's oldest son
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In the beginning of 1405, France was on the verge of a full-scale civil war. In 1407
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societies. Christine favoured hereditary monarchies, arguing in reference to Italian
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417:, the brother of Charles VI, who was at court seen as potential regent of France. In
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addressing her troops holding her baby. Miniature from a 1475 Dutch translation of
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2799:, Medieval Cultures, vol. 14, University of Minnesota Press, pp. 16â40,
2626:, by Christine de Pizan, translated by Rosalind Brown-Grant, London: Penguin Books
1368:(1410) ("Book of the Deeds of Arms and Chivalry", or "Treatise on Fortifications")
1217:. Among the possessions of the English queen were tapestries with scenes from the
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666:, an ambassador to the royal court, and referenced Tignonville's speeches on the
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634:, such as capital punishment, the payment of troops, as well as the treatment of
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was acknowledged and referenced by 16th century French women writers, including
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travel together and witness a debate on the state of the world between the four
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could be brought to earth by a single monarch who had the necessary qualities.
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Bejczy, Istvan P. (2011), "Does Virtue Recognise Gender? Christine de Pizan's
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as print one year later, attributing Christine as author. English editions of
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2571:
in the Light of Scholastic Debate", in Green, Karen; Mews, Constant (eds.),
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1334:(1404) ("The Book of the Deeds and Good Morals of the Wise King Charles V")
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630:. Christine discussed contemporary matters relating to what she termed the
618:. Christine also referenced classical writers on military warfare, such as
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263:. Her father worked as a physician, court astrologer and Councillor of the
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Christine believed that France had been founded by the descendants of the
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1058:, who acted as regent of France, used it as a basis for her 1504 book of
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France, very redoubtable princess, powerful lady, born at a lucky hour".
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1306:(1402) ("One Hundred Ballads, Virelays, and Rondeaus of Lover and Lady")
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in 1406 and would receive payments from his court for books until 1412.
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Three Tall Women: Radical Challenges to Criticism, Pedagogy, and Theory
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The Concept of Woman: The Early Humanist Reformation, 1250â1500, Part 2
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348:. In the illumination Christine is kept from rest by the Three Virtues.
272:
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1197:) were printed in 1521 without referencing Christine as the author.
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754:'s military victory over the English, Christine published the poem
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Christine presented intellectual and royal female leaders, such as
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She had three children. Her daughter became a nun at the Dominican
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after the death of her husband. Christine's patrons included dukes
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Her activism has also drawn the fascination of modern feminists.
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By 1405, Christine had completed her most famous literary works,
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Christine de Pizan (sitting) lecturing to a group of men standing
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Christine de Pisan: bibliographical and biographical references.
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2518:"Internship in Ancient, Medieval and Early Modern Manuscripts"
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1981:
1979:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1895:
1893:
373:. Texts were still produced and circulated as continuous roll
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Elizabeth A. Sackler Center for Feminist Art, Brooklyn Museum
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Elizabeth A. Sackler Center for Feminist Art, Brooklyn Museum
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Willard, Charity Cannon; Willard, Sumner (2010), "Preface",
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1803:
1708:
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Christine's political writings received some attention too.
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and virtuous women from the pagan antiquity as portrayed by
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Center for the History of Women Philosophers and Scientists
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Reclaiming Rhetorica: Women and in the Rhetorical Tradition
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1991:
1976:
1966:
1964:
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in 1488, but VĂ©rard claimed that it was his translation of
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and that its governance by the royal family adhered to the
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and several French royal dukes, in both prose and poetry.
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and Christine was given large entries in encyclopedias by
267:. Thomas de Pizan accepted an appointment to the court of
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The Allegory of Female Authority: Christine de Pizan's
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Le Livre des fais et bonnes meurs du sage roy Charles V
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Le Livre des fais et bonnes meurs du sage roy Charles V
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Livre des faits et bonnes moeurs du sage roi Charles V
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1949:
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1937:
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965:, whom she described as the most talented of her day.
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and John the Fearless' successor as Duke of Burgundy,
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between French and English kings, Christine wrote the
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764:). Published just a few days after the coronation of
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Women and Gender in Medieval Europe: An Encyclopedia
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Bourgault, S.; Kingston, R. (2018), "Introduction",
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2003:
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Cent Ballades d'Amant et de Dame, Virelays, Rondeaux
780:, helping Charles VII to fulfill the predictions of
246:
203:), was an Italian-born French court writer for King
3017:
Christine de Pizan and the Categories of Difference
2858:, University of Minnesota Press, pp. 195â214,
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Christine de Pizan and the Categories of Difference
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Christine de Pizan and the Categories of Difference
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1934:
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413:). When first published, the book was dedicated to
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2605:Christine de Pizan: The Book of the City of Ladies
2484:Adams, Tracy (1 June 2017), "Christine de Pizan",
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2034:
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1121:was published in its entirety by the book printer
467:in 1403. Writing in the first-person, she and the
3019:, University of Minnesota Press, pp. 41â70,
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2548:Altmann, Barbara K.; McGrady, Deborah L. (2003),
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1153:. Translated into English and printed in 1489 by
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210:Christine de Pizan served as a court writer in
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2890:, Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press,
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2592:"Christine de Pizan and the Book of the Queen"
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1997:
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1380:(1418) ("Epistle on the Prison of Human Life")
855:) was published in 1402 as a direct attack on
377:, but were increasingly replaced by the bound
289:in 1397 as a companion to the King's daughter
3101:
3062:Archives de littĂ©rature du Moyen Ăge (Arlima)
746:whose husband was held in English captivity.
304:
2622:Brown-Grant, Rosalind (1999), Introduction,
1131:L'Arbre des Batailles et fleur de chevalerie
2939:Feminism: The Essential Historical Writings
2758:(2), University of Wisconsin Press: 63â71,
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2621:
2466:Christine de Pizan and the Fight for France
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1508:
1322:(1403) ("Book of Fortune's Transformation")
1294:(1399â1400) ("Epistle of OthĂ©a to Hector")"
251:Christine de Pizan was born in 1364 in the
27:Italian-born French author (1364 â c. 1430)
3108:
3094:
2907:"Christine de Pizan: An Illuminated Voice"
2816:The Political Theory of Christine de Pizan
2596:Medieval Manuscripts Blog, British Library
2522:Medieval Manuscripts Blog, British Library
1181:in 1489 and was published under the title
1135:The tree of battles and flower of chivalry
734:. The previous year she had presented the
730:was trapped in the body and imprisoned in
724:Letter Concerning the Prison of Human Life
53:
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1342:(1405) ("Book of the City of the Ladies")
1215:The Book of Feats of Arms and of Chivalry
1183:The Book of Feats of Arms and of Chivalry
1151:The Book of Feats of Arms and of Chivalry
973:
847:, epistles, and poetry. Christine's book
811:Detail of a miniature of ladies watching
605:). In early 1411, Christine was paid 200
603:The Book of Feats of Arms and of Chivalry
498:. The chronicle had been commissioned by
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1224:
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977:
825:
806:
699:Christine de Pizan presents her book to
694:
580:
339:
316:
32:In this medieval Italian name, the name
2984:
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1366:Livre des fais d'armes et de chevalerie
1171:Livre des fais d'armes et de chevalerie
1119:Livre des fais d'armes et de chevalerie
599:Livre des fais d'armes et de chevalerie
134: 1379; died 1389)
14:
3322:
2958:Christine de Pizan: Her Life and Works
2917:
2904:
2566:
2262:
2226:
2214:
1746:
1548:
1165:exists from the 15th century. In 1521
187:
3089:
2968:Book of Deeds of Arms and of Chivalry
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2483:
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2016:
1943:
1836:
1821:
1678:
1661:
1640:
1628:
1601:
1493:
1481:
1469:
1288:(1399) ("Epistle to the God of Love")
170:
36:is an indicator of birthplace, not a
3067:The Making of the Queen's Manuscript
3049:Works by or about Christine de Pizan
2880:, New York: Cornell University Press
2699:, Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer,
1140:
2839:Prof. Pavlac's Women's History Site
2697:Chivalry and Exploration, 1298â1630
2653:Chicago, Judy; et al. (1979),
1378:Epistre de la prison de vie humaine
1362:(1407) ("Book of the Body Politic")
1201:had in her court library copies of
736:Epistre de la prison de vie Humaine
720:Epistre de la prison de vie Humaine
405:ideal. In 1400 Christine published
24:
3395:15th-century Italian women writers
3365:14th-century Italian women writers
1394:(1429) ("The Tale of Joan of Arc")
1356:(1405) ("The Vision of Christine")
1051:The Treasure of the City of Ladies
943:The Treasure of the City of Ladies
930:are female saints, women from the
892:The Treasure of the City of Ladies
534:The Treasure of the City of Ladies
293:. Christine's husband died of the
235:The Treasure of the City of Ladies
25:
3451:
3385:15th-century Italian philosophers
3380:15th-century French women writers
3355:14th-century Italian philosophers
3350:14th-century French women writers
3033:
2573:Virtue Ethics for Women 1250â1500
1386:("The Seven Psalms, Allegorized")
1314:(1403) ("Book of the Long Study")
918:, particularly in the context of
870:Letters on the Debate of the Rose
573:that were governed by princes or
247:Early life and family (1364â1389)
3370:15th-century French philosophers
3340:14th-century French philosophers
3306:
3305:
2516:Ainonen, Tuija (31 March 2017),
1419:
1405:
1273:
1266:In the opening cermenony of the
3435:Republic of Venice philosophers
2795:", in Desmond, Marilynn (ed.),
2590:Biggs, Sarah J (27 June 2013),
2457:
1319:Livre de la mutation de fortune
1173:was translated into English by
1089:was referenced by the humanist
1044:remained in print. Christine's
153:Tommaso di Benvenuto da Pizzano
131:
3015:", in Marilynn Desmond (ed.),
2737:, Springer, pp. 129â137,
2624:The Book of the City of Ladies
2550:Christine de Pizan: A Casebook
2533:, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing,
1203:The Book of the City of Ladies
1187:The Book of the City of Ladies
1167:The Book of the City of Ladies
988:The Book of the City of Ladies
904:The Book of the City of Ladies
882:The Book of the City of Ladies
836:The Book of the City of Ladies
520:The Book of the City of Ladies
229:The Book of the City of Ladies
13:
1:
2814:Langdon Forhan, Kate (2017),
2695:Goodman, Jennifer R. (1998),
2607:, Hackett, pp. ixâxliv,
2143:Bourgault & Kingston 2018
1440:List of French language poets
1339:Le Livre de la cité des dames
1163:Le Livre de la cité des dames
1041:Le Livre de la cité des dames
887:Le Livre de la cité des dames
674:, whom she had referenced in
668:ArmagnacâBurgundian Civil War
539:Le Livre de la cité des dames
515:Le Livre de la cité des dames
513:In 1405, Christine published
344:One page of Christine's book
197:
86:
2956:Willard, Charity C. (1984),
2918:Schaus, Margaret C. (2006),
2743:10.1007/978-3-030-63702-6_10
2632:Campbell, Karlyn K. (2003),
1384:Les sept psaumes allégorisés
1263:and Earl Jeffrey Richards.
1195:The Book of the Body Politic
990:. Published under the title
968:
866:Querelle du Roman de la Rose
563:The Book of the Body Politic
7:
3415:Italian emigrants to France
3040:Works by Christine de Pizan
2873:Quilligan, Maureen (1991),
2833:Lloyd, Jean (7 July 2006),
2716:Preface â The Book of Peace
2665:Christine de Pizan (2019),
2575:, Springer, pp. 1â12,
1398:
1300:(1402) ("Tale of the Rose")
1292:L'Ăpistre de OthĂ©a a Hector
1207:L'Ăpistre de OthĂ©a a Hector
1062:, written for her daughter
742:, the administrator of the
709:British Library Harley 4431
426:L'Ăpistre de OthĂ©a a Hector
419:L'Ăpistre de OthĂ©a a Hector
407:L'Ăpistre de OthĂ©a a Hector
10:
3456:
3420:Italian women philosophers
3390:15th-century Italian poets
3360:14th-century Italian poets
3120:writers of the Middle Ages
2685:Famiglietti, R.C. (2015),
2360:Willard & Willard 2010
2348:Willard & Willard 2010
2333:Altmann & McGrady 2003
1998:Willard & Willard 2010
1986:Willard & Willard 2010
1917:Willard & Willard 2010
1900:Willard & Willard 2010
1810:Altmann & McGrady 2003
1286:L'Ăpistre au Dieu d'amours
1282:(1395) ("Moral Teachings")
1169:was published in English.
1064:Suzanne Duchess of Bourbon
920:Aristotelian virtue ethics
859:'s extremely popular book
487:. Christine suggests that
433:in 1403, and editions for
305:Writing career (1389â1405)
189:[krisËtinÉdÉpiËzĂŁ]
31:
3405:French women philosophers
3375:15th-century French poets
3345:14th-century French poets
3303:
3265:
3237:
3199:
3181:
3163:
3147:
3126:
1360:Livre du corps de policie
1347:Le Livre des trois vertus
1211:Letter of Othea to Hector
1191:Livre du corps de policie
1046:Le Livre des trois vertus
897:Le Livre des trois vertus
559:Livre du Corps de policie
547:Le Livre des trois vertus
525:Le Livre des trois vertus
411:Letter of Othea to Hector
346:Le livre des trois vertus
329:coming to the aid of the
222:of Burgundy, and his son
149:
141:
115:
107:
82:
64:
52:
45:
2960:, New York: Persea Books
2937:Schneir, Miriam (1994),
2818:, Taylor & Francis,
2529:Allen, Prudence (2005),
1455:
1374:(1413) ("Book of Peace")
1311:Le Chemin de long estude
1074:, Gabrielle de Bourbon,
802:
677:Le Chemin de long estude
464:Le Chemin de long estude
359:Louis I, Duke of Orléans
172:[kÊistindÉpizÉÌ]
2411:Christine de Pizan 2019
761:The Tale of Joan of Arc
335:L'ĂpĂźtre OthĂ©a a Hector
241:
3257:Mechthild of Magdeburg
2641:Chicago, Judy (1979),
1391:Ditié de Jehanne d'Arc
1354:L'Avision de Christine
1328:(1403) ("The Pasture")
1261:Charity Cannon Willard
1244:ĂpĂźtre au Dieu d'Amour
1158:
999:
974:Early French Influence
840:
823:
756:Ditié de Jehanne d'Arc
704:
664:William of Tignonville
567:late medieval European
545:. Christine dedicated
349:
337:
2905:Ripley, Doré (2019),
2714:Green, Karen (2010),
2464:Adams, Tracy (2014),
1445:Vernacular literature
1225:19th Century to Today
1148:
1080:Georgette de Montenay
1076:Marguerite de Navarre
981:
829:
810:
698:
581:Civil war (1405â1430)
529:Book of Three Virtues
343:
321:A miniature of Queen
320:
310:she was writing love
3430:Medieval women poets
3400:Feminism and history
2970:, Penn State Press,
2835:"Christine de Pizan"
2718:, Penn State Press,
2655:"Christine de Pisan"
2468:, Penn State Press,
1280:Enseignements moraux
1268:2024 Summer Olympics
1235:into that language.
1008:classical philosophy
992:De Stede der Vrouwen
853:The Tale of the Rose
642:. Christine opposed
384:France was ruled by
369:changed in the late
205:Charles VI of France
3425:Italian women poets
3219:Hildegard of Bingen
2155:Chicago et al. 1979
1885:Langdon Forhan 2017
1720:Langdon Forhan 2017
1703:Langdon Forhan 2017
1691:Langdon Forhan 2017
1681:, pp. 115â116.
1242:wrote in 1949 that
1161:A Dutch edition of
1028:Romance of the Rose
996:The Praise of Women
861:Romance of the Rose
845:mirrors for princes
716:Battle of Agincourt
451:Romance of the Rose
439:Henry IV of England
333:army, illustrating
269:Charles V of France
196:; September 1364 â
194:Cristina da Pizzano
3410:French women poets
3285:Christine de Pizan
3280:Catherine of Siena
3252:Gertrude the Great
1240:Simone de Beauvoir
1159:
1000:
955:Augustine of Hippo
936:Giovanni Boccaccio
841:
824:
820:Isabeau of Bavaria
705:
703:, Queen of France.
701:Isabeau of Bavaria
587:John I of Burgundy
551:Margaret of Nevers
456:Hundred Years' War
391:Blanche of Castile
355:Isabeau of Bavaria
350:
338:
265:Republic of Venice
253:Republic of Venice
216:Louis I of Orleans
160:Christine de Pizan
76:Republic of Venice
47:Christine de Pizan
18:Christine de Pisan
3317:
3316:
3290:Julian of Norwich
3275:Bridget of Sweden
3044:Project Gutenberg
3026:978-0-8166-3081-3
2977:978-0-271-04305-0
2948:978-0-679-75381-0
2941:, Vintage Books,
2865:978-0-8166-3081-3
2806:978-0-8166-3081-3
2735:Faces of Geometry
2706:978-0-85115-700-9
2687:Audouin Chauveron
2678:978-0-429-64734-5
2559:978-0-415-93909-6
2540:978-0-8028-3347-1
2499:10.1093/fs/knx129
2289:, pp. 74â75.
2229:, pp. 10â11.
1973:, pp. 62â63.
1141:Outside of France
849:Le Dit de la Rose
655:The Book of Peace
508:John the Fearless
325:with her army of
280:convent of Poissy
224:John the Fearless
157:
156:
121:Etienne du Castel
101:Kingdom of France
93:(aged 65â66)
16:(Redirected from
3447:
3309:
3308:
3229:Trota of Salerno
3110:
3103:
3096:
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3086:
3053:Internet Archive
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1427:Biography portal
1424:
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1255:The Dinner Party
1252:'s 1979 artwork
1103:Prosper Marchand
1087:Livre de la paix
744:Duchy of Bourbon
718:under the title
659:Livre de la paix
651:Livre de la paix
640:prisoners of war
628:Valerius Maximus
555:Louis of Guyenne
549:to the dauphine
415:Louis of Orléans
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1107:Jean V de Bueil
1072:Anne de Beaujeu
976:
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916:medieval Europe
805:
793:Philip the Good
644:trial by combat
612:just war theory
591:Battle of Othee
583:
500:Philip the Bold
431:Philip the Bold
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212:medieval France
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2486:French Studies
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970:
967:
951:City of Ladies
928:City of Ladies
924:views on women
912:City of Ladies
804:
801:
797:Peace of Arras
740:Marie of Berry
582:
579:
460:dream allegory
422:Hector of Troy
363:Marie of Berry
306:
303:
271:as the king's
248:
245:
243:
240:
185:Middle French:
155:
154:
151:
147:
146:
143:
139:
138:
127:
123:
120:
119:
117:
113:
112:
109:
105:
104:
95:
84:
80:
79:
70:
68:September 1364
66:
62:
61:
58:
50:
49:
46:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3452:
3441:
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3418:
3416:
3413:
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3408:
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3391:
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3378:
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3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
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3302:
3296:
3295:Margery Kempe
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3272:
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3264:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
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3210:
3207:
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3188:
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3168:
3166:
3162:
3156:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3146:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3134:Khosrovidukht
3132:
3131:
3129:
3125:
3121:
3118:
3111:
3106:
3104:
3099:
3097:
3092:
3091:
3088:
3082:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:in French at
3059:
3056:
3054:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3041:
3038:
3037:
3028:
3022:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3009:Epistre Othea
3005:
3001:
2999:9789004171534
2995:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2973:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2950:
2944:
2940:
2935:
2931:
2929:9781135459604
2925:
2922:, Routledge,
2921:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2903:
2899:
2897:9780822971658
2893:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2876:
2871:
2867:
2861:
2857:
2852:
2840:
2836:
2831:
2827:
2825:9781351883948
2821:
2817:
2812:
2808:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2731:
2727:
2725:9780271045573
2721:
2717:
2712:
2708:
2702:
2698:
2693:
2689:, vol. 2
2688:
2683:
2680:
2674:
2671:, Routledge,
2670:
2669:
2663:
2660:
2656:
2651:
2648:
2644:
2639:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2616:
2610:
2606:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2588:
2584:
2582:9789400705296
2578:
2574:
2570:
2565:
2561:
2555:
2552:, Routledge,
2551:
2546:
2542:
2536:
2532:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2514:
2513:
2512:
2509:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2477:
2475:9780271066332
2471:
2467:
2462:
2461:
2448:
2447:Iacobone 2021
2443:
2436:
2431:
2424:
2419:
2412:
2407:
2400:
2395:
2393:
2385:
2380:
2374:, p. 62.
2373:
2368:
2361:
2356:
2349:
2344:
2342:
2335:, p. 57.
2334:
2329:
2327:
2320:, p. 34.
2319:
2314:
2308:, p. 75.
2307:
2302:
2300:
2298:
2296:
2288:
2283:
2276:
2271:
2264:
2259:
2253:, p. 74.
2252:
2247:
2241:, p. 73.
2240:
2235:
2228:
2223:
2216:
2211:
2204:
2203:Campbell 2003
2199:
2192:
2191:Campbell 2003
2187:
2180:
2175:
2169:, p. 80.
2168:
2163:
2156:
2151:
2145:, p. xx.
2144:
2139:
2132:
2127:
2121:, p. 27.
2120:
2115:
2113:
2105:
2100:
2093:
2088:
2082:, p. 28.
2081:
2076:
2070:, p. 25.
2069:
2064:
2058:, p. 24.
2057:
2052:
2045:
2040:
2038:
2030:
2025:
2018:
2013:
2011:
2009:
2007:
1999:
1994:
1987:
1982:
1980:
1972:
1967:
1965:
1957:
1952:
1946:, p. 13.
1945:
1940:
1938:
1931:, p. 61.
1930:
1925:
1918:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1901:
1896:
1894:
1887:, p. 70.
1886:
1881:
1875:, p. 29.
1874:
1869:
1863:, p. 27.
1862:
1857:
1851:, p. 26.
1850:
1845:
1839:, p. 11.
1838:
1833:
1831:
1824:, p. 26.
1823:
1818:
1812:, p. 11.
1811:
1806:
1800:, p. 40.
1799:
1794:
1788:, p. 73.
1787:
1782:
1776:, p. 43.
1775:
1774:Wolfthal 1998
1770:
1763:
1758:
1756:
1748:
1743:
1737:, p. 20.
1736:
1731:
1729:
1722:, p. 34.
1721:
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1714:
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1705:, p. 71.
1704:
1699:
1693:, p. 68.
1692:
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1643:, p. 14.
1642:
1637:
1630:
1625:
1618:
1613:
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1603:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1587:, p. 39.
1586:
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1574:
1569:
1563:, p. 35.
1562:
1557:
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1543:
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1537:
1535:
1533:
1526:, p. 77.
1525:
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1413:Poetry portal
1408:
1403:
1393:
1392:
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1372:Livre de paix
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1281:
1278:
1277:
1274:List of works
1271:
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1095:Denis Diderot
1092:
1091:Gabriel Naudé
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932:Old Testament
929:
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817:
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800:
798:
795:, signed the
794:
790:
785:
783:
779:
775:
774:Cumaean Sibyl
771:
767:
763:
762:
757:
753:
747:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
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710:
702:
697:
693:
691:
687:
686:Peter Abelard
683:
679:
678:
673:
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656:
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647:
645:
641:
637:
636:noncombatants
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543:Queen Zenobia
540:
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469:Cumaean Sibyl
466:
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442:
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436:
435:Jean of Berry
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63:
56:
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44:
39:
35:
30:
19:
3440:Rhetoricians
3284:
3267:14th century
3239:13th century
3209:Anna Komnene
3201:12th century
3183:11th century
3165:10th century
3016:
3012:
3008:
2989:
2967:
2957:
2938:
2919:
2910:
2887:
2878:
2874:
2855:
2843:, retrieved
2838:
2815:
2796:
2792:
2789:Enseignemens
2788:
2755:
2751:
2734:
2715:
2696:
2686:
2667:
2658:
2646:
2633:
2623:
2604:
2595:
2572:
2568:
2549:
2530:
2521:
2489:
2485:
2482:
2465:
2458:Bibliography
2442:
2435:Chicago 1979
2430:
2423:Schneir 1994
2418:
2406:
2401:, p. 3.
2379:
2372:Whetham 2009
2367:
2362:, p. 2.
2355:
2350:, p. 1.
2318:Krueger 1998
2313:
2306:Redfern 1995
2287:Redfern 1995
2282:
2275:Ainonen 2017
2270:
2258:
2251:Redfern 1995
2246:
2239:Redfern 1995
2234:
2222:
2210:
2205:, p. 7.
2198:
2193:, p. 6.
2186:
2179:Willard 1984
2174:
2167:Redfern 1995
2162:
2150:
2138:
2126:
2104:McGrady 1998
2099:
2092:McGrady 1998
2087:
2075:
2063:
2051:
2046:, p. 7.
2031:, p. 4.
2024:
2000:, p. 6.
1993:
1988:, p. 7.
1971:Whetham 2009
1956:Goodman 1998
1951:
1929:Whetham 2009
1924:
1919:, p. 3.
1902:, p. 5.
1880:
1873:Krueger 1998
1868:
1861:Krueger 1998
1856:
1849:Krueger 1998
1844:
1817:
1805:
1793:
1786:Willard 1984
1781:
1769:
1762:McGrady 1998
1742:
1735:Krueger 1998
1698:
1686:
1664:, p. 6.
1636:
1631:, p. 5.
1624:
1617:McGrady 1998
1585:Willard 1984
1580:
1568:
1561:Willard 1984
1556:
1524:Redfern 1995
1489:
1477:
1465:
1389:
1383:
1377:
1371:
1365:
1359:
1353:
1345:
1337:
1331:
1325:
1317:
1309:
1303:
1297:
1291:
1285:
1279:
1265:
1253:
1250:Judy Chicago
1248:
1243:
1237:
1228:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1170:
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1162:
1160:
1150:
1134:
1130:
1118:
1114:
1099:Louis Moréri
1086:
1084:
1067:
1060:Enseignemens
1059:
1049:
1045:
1039:
1036:Lamentations
1035:
1027:
1024:Jean de Meun
1019:
1005:
1001:
995:
991:
987:
960:
950:
942:
940:
927:
911:
909:
903:
901:
896:
890:
886:
880:
878:
869:
865:
860:
857:Jean de Meun
852:
848:
842:
834:
831:Illumination
786:
759:
755:
748:
735:
723:
719:
713:
708:
706:
675:
658:
654:
650:
648:
631:
616:Honoré Bonet
614:advanced by
602:
598:
584:
575:trade guilds
562:
558:
546:
538:
532:
528:
524:
518:
514:
512:
495:
493:
462:
449:
446:Jean de Meun
443:
425:
418:
410:
406:
403:Aristotelian
396:
383:
351:
345:
334:
308:
277:
250:
233:
227:
209:
193:
163:
159:
158:
91:(1430-00-00)
33:
29:
3335:1430 deaths
3330:1364 births
3148:9th century
3127:8th century
2911:Scribblings
2263:Ripley 2019
2227:Bejczy 2011
2215:Bejczy 2011
1747:Schaus 2006
1549:Schaus 2006
1326:La Pastoure
1199:Elizabeth I
1115:Le Jouvence
1038:. Her book
1020:Art of Love
874:antiphrasis
789:Charles VII
782:Charlemagne
766:Charles VII
752:Joan of Arc
682:St Benedict
632:Laws of War
597:, entitled
571:city-states
531:, known as
448:'s popular
375:manuscripts
371:Middle Ages
323:Penthesilea
283: [
257:Monterenzio
201: 1430
38:family name
3324:Categories
3173:Hrotsvitha
3139:Sahakdukht
2399:Green 2010
2384:Green 2010
2131:Adams 2014
2119:Green 2010
2080:Green 2010
2068:Green 2010
2056:Green 2010
2044:Green 2010
2029:Green 2010
2017:Allen 2005
1944:Green 2010
1837:Green 2010
1822:Green 2010
1679:Adams 2014
1662:Green 2010
1641:Green 2010
1629:Green 2010
1602:Biggs 2013
1494:Lloyd 2006
1482:Adams 2017
1470:Kelly 1971
1149:Page 1 of
1105:. In 1470
1012:humanistic
778:Saint Bede
475:â Wealth,
473:allegories
441:in 1404.
386:Charles VI
273:astrologer
108:Occupation
2992:, Brill,
2772:0049-2426
2752:SubStance
2508:0016-1128
1179:Henry VII
1032:Matheolus
984:Fredegund
969:Influence
963:Anastasia
799:in 1435.
624:Frontinus
367:Patronage
3311:Category
3011:and the
2988:(2009),
1399:See also
1127:Vegetius
922:and his
816:jousting
620:Vegetius
595:chivalry
481:Chivalry
477:Nobility
142:Children
34:de Pizan
3214:HĂ©loĂŻse
3051:at the
2845:17 June
2793:Avision
2791:to the
2780:3684605
813:knights
489:justice
399:Trojans
327:Amazons
312:ballads
261:Bologna
192:; born
168:French:
136:
128:
124:
3155:Kassia
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2996:
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982:Queen
947:virtue
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770:Merlin
690:Cicero
607:livres
537:). In
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485:Wisdom
361:, and
331:Trojan
295:plague
150:Parent
116:Spouse
111:Writer
97:Poissy
72:Venice
3117:Women
2776:JSTOR
1456:Notes
1111:siege
833:from
803:Works
672:Dante
504:Latin
379:codex
291:Marie
287:]
164:Pisan
130:(
126:
3021:ISBN
2994:ISBN
2972:ISBN
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2924:ISBN
2892:ISBN
2860:ISBN
2847:2021
2820:ISBN
2801:ISBN
2768:ISSN
2720:ISBN
2701:ISBN
2673:ISBN
2609:ISBN
2577:ISBN
2554:ISBN
2535:ISBN
2504:ISSN
2470:ISBN
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1177:for
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1101:and
1078:and
1030:and
1016:Ovid
1010:and
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242:Life
232:and
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