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restrict their daily life present with more depression and lower self-esteem than healthy adults and adults with non-restricting chronic illness. The emotional influence of chronic illness also has an effect on the intellectual and educational development of the individual. For example, people living with type 1 diabetes endure a lifetime of monotonous and rigorous health care management usually involving daily blood glucose monitoring, insulin injections, and constant self-care. This type of constant attention that is required by type 1 diabetes and other chronic illness can result in psychological maladjustment. There have been several theories, namely one called diabetes resilience theory, that posit that protective processes buffer the impact of risk factors on the individual's development and functioning.
905:$ 2 trillion spent annually in U.S. medical care are due to chronic conditions; spending are even higher in proportion for Medicare beneficiaries (aged 65 years and older). Furthermore, in 2017 it was estimated that 90% of the $ 3.3 billion spent on healthcare in the United States was due to the treatment of chronic diseases and conditions. Spending growth is driven in part by the greater prevalence of chronic illnesses and the longer life expectancy of the population. Also, improvement in treatments has significantly extended the lifespans of patients with chronic diseases but results in additional costs over long period of time. A striking success is the development of combined
756:
unmet need for chronic disease treatment. They led their health centers staffed by nurses and health officers; so, there are specific training required for involvement in the programmed must be carried out regularly, to ensure that new staff is educated in administering chronic disease care. The program shows that community-based care and education, primarily driven by nurses and health officers, works. It highlights the importance of nurses following up with individuals in the community, and allowing nurses flexibility in meeting their patients' needs and educating them for self-care in their homes.
846:
599:
743:) medical care and attend scheduled medical appointments may help improve outcomes and reduce medical costs due to missed appointments. Finding patient-centered alternatives to doctors or consultants scheduling medical appointments has been suggested as a means of improving the number of people with chronic conditions that miss medical appointments, however there is no strong evidence that these approaches make a difference.
191:
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conditions when it interferes with other aspects of her life or well-being. Many women report feeling less than or even "half of a woman" due to the pressures that society puts on the importance of fertility and health when it comes to typically feminine ideals. These kinds of social barriers interfere with women's ability to perform various other activities in life and fully work toward their aspirations.
951:
towards a psychosocial approach to chronic illness to aid the increasing number of individuals diagnosed with these conditions. Despite this movement, there is still criticism that chronic conditions are not being treated appropriately, and there is not enough emphasis on the behavioral aspects of chronic conditions or psychological types of support for patients.
739:
updated review in 2022 did determine a slight improvement in measures of obesity and physical activity as the use of improved strategies lead to increased implementation interventions but continued to call for additional research to address questions related to alcohol use and risk. Encouraging those with chronic conditions to continue with their outpatient (
115:. It is possible and not unexpected for an illness to change in definition from terminal to chronic. Diabetes and HIV for example were once terminal yet are now considered chronic due to the availability of insulin for diabetics and daily drug treatment for individuals with HIV which allow these individuals to live while managing symptoms.
752:
chronic diseases, replacing a more holistic role for nursing with an emphasis on patients managing their own health conditions. Critics note that this is challenging if not impossible for patients with chronic disease in low-income communities where health care systems, and economic and social structures do not fully support this practice.
947:
to maintain independence as well as the chronic illness being a source of stress for the individual. A study of loneliness in adults over age 65 found that low levels of loneliness as well as high levels of familial support were associated with better outcomes of multiple chronic conditions such as hypertension and diabetes.
1007:. Flint, Michigan, for example, had high levels of lead poisoning in their drinkable water after waste was dumped into low-value housing areas. There are also higher rates of asthma in children who live in lower income areas due to an abundance of pollutants being released on a much larger scale in these areas.
685:
illness have about a twofold increase in psychiatric disorders. Higher parental depression and other family stressors predicted more problems among patients. In addition, sibling problems along with the burden of illness on the family as a whole led to more psychological strain on the patients and their families.
982:. There is little regulation on the cost of chronic illness drugs, which suggests that abusing the lack of a drug cap can create a large market for drug revenue. Likewise, certain chronic conditions can last throughout one's lifetime and create pathways for pharmaceutical companies to take advantage of this.
828:
diabetes, chronic lower respiratory diseases, influenza and pneumonia, and, finally, Alzheimer's disease. Though the rates of chronic disease differ by race for those living with chronic illness, the statistics for leading causes of death among elderly are nearly identical across racial/ethnic groups.
946:
The connection between chronic illness and loneliness is established, yet oftentimes ignored in treatment. One study for example found that a greater number of chronic illnesses per individual were associated with feelings of loneliness. Some of the possible reasons for this listed are an inability
775:
The epidemiology of communicable chronic diseases such as AIDS is also different from that of noncommunicable chronic disease. While Social factors do play a role in AIDS prevalence, only exposure is truly needed to contract this chronic disease. Communicable chronic diseases are also typically only
771:
Some epidemiology of chronic disease can apply to multiple diagnosis. Obesity and body fat distribution for example contribute and are risk factors for many chronic diseases such as diabetes, heart, and kidney disease. Other epidemiological factors, such as social, socioeconomic, and environment do
684:
There are several psychosocial risk and resistance factors among children with chronic illness and their family members. Adults with chronic illness were significantly more likely to report life dissatisfaction than those without chronic illness. Compared to their healthy peers, children with chronic
950:
There are some recent movements in the medical sphere to address these connections when treating patients with chronic illness. The biopsychosocial approach for example, developed in 2006 focuses on patients "patient's personality, family, culture, and health dynamics." Physicians are leaning more
904:
Chronic diseases are a major factor in the continuous growth of medical care spending. In 2002, the U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services stated that the health care for chronic diseases cost the most among all health problems in the U.S. Healthy People 2010 reported that more than 75% of the
827:
In examining the statistics of chronic disease among the living elderly, it is also important to make note of the statistics pertaining to fatalities as a result of chronic disease. Heart disease is the leading cause of death from chronic disease for adults older than 65, followed by cancer, stroke,
784:
As of 2003, there are a few programs which aim to gain more knowledge on the epidemiology of chronic disease using data collection. The hope of these programs is to gather epidemiological data on various chronic diseases across the United States and demonstrate how this knowledge can be valuable in
751:
Nursing can play an important role in assisting patients with chronic diseases achieve longevity and experience wellness. Scholars point out that the current neoliberal era emphasizes self-care, in both affluent and low-income communities. This self-care focus extends to the nursing of patients with
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in chronic illness, although there may be many other factors involved. Racial minorities are 1.5-2 times more likely to have most chronic diseases than white individuals. Non-Hispanic blacks are 40% more likely to have high blood pressure that non-Hispanic whites, diagnosed diabetes is 77% higher
755:
A study in
Ethiopia showcases a nursing-heavy approach to the management of chronic disease. Foregrounding the problem of distance from healthcare facility, the study recommends patients increase their request for care. It uses nurses and health officers to fill, in a cost-efficient way, the large
734:
produced a report that estimated investing $ 10 per person annually in community-based programs of proven effectiveness and promoting healthy lifestyle (increase in physical activity, healthier diet and preventing tobacco use) could save more than $ 16 billion annually within a period of just five
925:
itself is a medical condition and not a disease, but it constitutes a major risk factor for developing chronic illnesses, such as diabetes, stroke, cardiovascular disease and cancers. Obesity results in significant health care spending and indirect costs, as illustrated by a recent study from the
823:
in
America. Chronic diseases like stroke, heart disease, and cancer were among the leading causes of death among Americans aged 65 or older in 2002, accounting for 61% of all deaths among this subset of the population. It is estimated that at least 80% of older Americans are currently living with
1030:. There are also broader groups focused on advocacy or research into chronic illness in general, such as the National Association of Chronic Disease Directors, Partnership to Fight Chronic Disease, the Chronic Disease Coalition which arose in Oregon in 2015, and the Chronic Policy Care Alliance.
729:
Studies have shown that public health programs are effective in reducing mortality rates associated to cardiovascular disease, diabetes and cancer, but the results are somewhat heterogeneous depending on the type of condition and the type of programs involved. For example, results from different
709:
to its development, counseling and immunizations against infectious agents. Despite their effectiveness, the utilization of preventive services is typically lower than for regular medical services. In contrast to their apparent cost in time and money, the benefits of preventive services are not
680:
The majority of US health care and economic costs associated with medical conditions are incurred by chronic diseases and conditions and associated health risk behaviors. Eighty-four percent of all health care spending in 2006 was for the 50% of the population who have one or more common chronic
237:
Chronic conditions have often been used to describe the various health related states of the human body such as syndromes, physical impairments, disabilities as well as diseases. Epidemiologists have found interest in chronic conditions due to the fact they contribute to disease, disability, and
788:
In the United States, as of 2004 nearly one in two
Americans (133 million) has at least one chronic medical condition, with most subjects (58%) between the ages of 18 and 64. The number is projected to increase by more than one percent per year by 2030, resulting in an estimated chronically ill
738:
A 2017 review (updated in 2022) found that it is uncertain whether school-based policies on targeting risk factors on chronic diseases such as healthy eating policies, physical activity policies, and tobacco policies can improve student health behaviours or knowledge of staffs and students. The
990:
Gender influences how chronic disease is viewed and treated in society. Women's chronic health issues are often considered to be most worthy of treatment or most severe when the chronic condition interferes with a woman's fertility. Historically, there is less of a focus on a woman's chronic
954:
The mental health intersectionality on those with chronic conditions is a large aspect often overlooked by doctors. And chronic illness therapists are available for support to help with the mental toll of chronic illness a it is often underestimated in society. Adults with chronic illness that
942:
The connection between loneliness, overall health, and chronic conditions has recently been highlighted. Some studies have shown that loneliness has detrimental health effects similar to that of smoking and obesity. One study found that feelings of isolation are associated with higher self
824:
some form of a chronic condition, with 50% of this population having two or more chronic conditions. The two most common chronic conditions in the elderly are high blood pressure and arthritis, with diabetes, coronary heart disease, and cancer also being reported among the elder population.
831:
Chronic illnesses cause about 70% of deaths in the US and in 2002 chronic conditions (heart disease, cancers, stroke, chronic respiratory diseases, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, mental illness and kidney diseases) were six of the top ten causes of mortality in the general US population.
772:
not have a straightforward cause and effect relationship with chronic disease diagnosis. While typically higher socioeconomic status is correlated with lower occurrence of chronic disease, it is not known is there is a direct cause and effect relationship between these two variables.
812:(MEPS), about 60% of adult Americans were estimated to have one chronic illness, with about 40% having more than one; this rate appears to be mostly unchanged from 2008. MEPS data from 1998 showed 45% of adult Americans had at least one chronic illness, and 21% had more than one.
966:
In some countries, laws protect patients with chronic conditions from excessive financial responsibility; for example, as of 2008 France limited copayments for those with chronic conditions, and
Germany limits cost sharing to 1% of income versus 2% for the general public.
669:
observed in the care of chronic disease. Lack of access and delay in receiving care result in worse outcomes for patients from minorities and underserved populations. Those barriers to medical care complicate patients monitoring and continuity in treatment.
916:
In addition to direct costs in health care, chronic diseases are a significant burden to the economy, through limitations in daily activities, loss in productivity and loss of days of work. A particular concern is the rising rates of overweight and
3935:
With longer life expectancies in most countries and the globalization of "Western" diets and sedentarism, the main burden of disease and death from these conditions is falling on already-disadvantaged developing countries and poor communities
730:
approaches in cancer prevention and screening depended highly on the type of cancer. The rising number of patient with chronic diseases has renewed the interest in prevention and its potential role in helping control costs. In 2008, the
721:
the public, and promoting healthy lifestyles and awareness about chronic diseases. While those programs can benefit from funding at different levels (state, federal, private) their implementation is mostly in charge of local agencies and
146:
where the disease temporarily goes away, or subsequently reappears. Periods of remission and relapse are commonly discussed when referring to substance abuse disorders which some consider to fall under the category of chronic condition.
134:
typically affects one portion of the body and responds to treatment. A chronic condition, on the other hand, usually affects multiple areas of the body, is not fully responsive to treatment, and persists for an extended period of time.
926:
Texas comptroller reporting that obesity alone cost Texas businesses an extra $ 9.5 billion in 2009, including more than $ 4 billion for health care, $ 5 billion for lost productivity and absenteeism, and $ 321 million for disability.
1735:
Strine TW, Chapman DP, Balluz LS, Moriarty DG, Mokdad AH (February 2008). "The associations between life satisfaction and health-related quality of life, chronic illness, and health behaviors among U.S. community-dwelling adults".
253:. Additionally, some socioeconomic factors may be considered as a chronic condition as they lead to disability in daily life. An important one that public health officials in the social science setting have begun highlighting is
173:(WHO) attributes 38 million deaths a year to non-communicable diseases. In the United States approximately 40% of adults have at least two chronic conditions. Living with two or more chronic conditions is referred to as
265:
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While risk factors vary with age and gender, many of the common chronic diseases in the US are caused by dietary, lifestyle and metabolic risk factors. Therefore, these conditions might be prevented by
3496:
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among non-Hispanic blacks, and
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1825:
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The epidemiology of chronic disease is diverse and the epidemiology of some chronic diseases can change in response to new treatments. In the treatment of HIV, the success of
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People with chronic conditions pay more out-of-pocket; a study found that
Americans spent $ 2,243 more on average. The financial burden can increase medication non-adherence.
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is effective in reducing the effect of chronic conditions; in particular, early detection results in less severe outcomes. Clinical preventive services include
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therapies means that many patients will experience this infection as a chronic disease that for many will span several decades of their chronic life.
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In the United States, there are a number of nonprofits focused on chronic conditions, including entities focused on specific diseases such as the
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In 2015 the World Health Organization produced a report on non-communicable diseases, citing the four major types as:
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Treatment of chronic medical conditions: cognitive-behavioral therapy strategies and integrative treatment protocols
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1461:
1421:
Hulme D, Shepherd A (2003-03-01). "Conceptualizing Chronic Poverty".
798:
794:
503:
442:
382:
80:
3231:
Larkin J, Foley L, Smith SM, Harrington P, Clyne B (December 2020).
4007:
3626:"Has your insurer denied a medical claim? Stand up for your rights"
2694:– via CDC stacks | Stephen B. Thacker CDC Library Collection.
478:
463:
119:
68:
789:
population of 171 million. The most common chronic conditions are
334:
Other examples of chronic diseases and health conditions include:
4011:
2034:
922:
528:
162:
161:
63% of all deaths worldwide are from chronic conditions. Chronic
143:
52:
3087:
3909:"List of Chronic Human Diseases Linked to Infectious Pathogens"
3560:"The ESC goes global: policies to prevent all chronic diseases"
301:
278:
271:
The list below includes these chronic conditions and diseases:
250:
84:
76:
3783:
Final Negotiations: A Story of Love, Loss, and Chronic Illness
2086:
1696:"Progress toward the healthy people 2010 goals and objectives"
1673:
1524:
Robert Wood Johnson Foundation & Partnership for Solutions
3919:
3807:(Second ed.). Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
3458:. U.S Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 8 May 2024.
2439:
1624:
111:. An illness which is lifelong because it ends in death is a
3325:"Cost-effective medicine vs. the medical-industrial complex"
1676:
Racial and ethnic disparities in US health care: A chartbook
4045:
3920:
Center for Managing Chronic Disease, University of Michigan
3530:
1892:
1734:
1570:
3495:
3456:"Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Community Health (REACH)"
3230:
2325:
2228:
Mamo Y, Seid E, Adams S, Gardiner A, Parry E (June 2007).
2138:"Healthcare Transformation and Changing Roles for Nursing"
3924:
3695:
Good days, bad days: the self in chronic illness and time
3411:(1st ed.). New York: Harmony Books. pp. 85β98.
1824:
1485:"Chronic Poverty and Development Policy: An Introduction"
910:
2704:
974:, chronic illnesses can impact the relationship between
2648:
1693:
3131:
Lee DC, Shi L, Pierre G, Zhu J, Hu R (November 2014).
1520:"Chronic Conditions: Making the Case for Ongoing Care"
1274:"WHO | Noncommunicable diseases country profiles 2011"
1126:"Use Your Words Carefully: What Is a Chronic Disease?"
1010:
819:, chronic disease is also especially a concern in the
3826:
Inside Chronic Pain: An Intimate and Critical Account
3431:
2360:
2279:"The end of AIDS: HIV infection as a chronic disease"
2227:
2395:
1867:
3719:
Narrative medicine: honoring the stories of illness
3371:
3287:
2610:
Health, United States, 2020β2021 Annual Perspective
2477:
1895:
Journal of Health and Human Services Administration
3823:
3804:The Wounded Storyteller: Body, Illness, and Ethics
3740:Beyond Words: Illness and the Limits of Expression
3181:
2505:"The growing burden of chronic disease in America"
2480:"Multiple Chronic Conditions in the United States"
2187:
1820:
1818:
1781:Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics
1174:
2855:
2853:
2183:
2181:
2135:
1778:
1694:Sondik EJ, Huang DT, Klein RJ, Satcher D (2010).
661:are important risk factors for chronic diseases.
126:conditions are distinguished from those that are
4079:
3844:
3821:
3698:. New Brunswick, N.J: Rutgers University Press.
3657:. Oakland, California: Timeless Infinite Light.
3557:
2707:Journal of Public Health Management and Practice
2473:
2471:
2442:Journal of Public Health Management and Practice
2276:
1295:
1175:Jaeger J, Borod JC, Peselow E (September 1996).
55:that is persistent or otherwise long-lasting in
3743:. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
3130:
2562:"The state of aging and health in America 2007"
2502:
2396:Solomons N, Kruger HS, Puoane TR (2017-10-10).
2277:Deeks SG, Lewin SR, Havlir DV (November 2013).
1872:(1st ed.). Amsterdam; New York: Elsevier.
1815:
994:
2850:
2478:Buttorff C, Ruder T, Bauman M (May 26, 2017).
2178:
3971:
2587:"Common Chronic Conditions and Aging at Home"
2468:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1420:
1123:
929:
853:The examples and perspective in this section
606:The examples and perspective in this section
150:Chronic conditions are often associated with
3489:
2642:
2578:
2223:
2221:
2219:
1962:
1913:
1886:
1564:
238:diminished physical and/or mental capacity.
59:or a disease that comes with time. The term
27:Persistent human health condition or disease
3933:theme issue on Confronting Chronic Diseases
3038:
2093:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2041:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1971:"Are we finally winning the war on cancer?"
1620:
1618:
1226:"Managing addiction as a chronic condition"
1223:
3978:
3964:
3137:International Journal for Equity in Health
2998:European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
2813:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2550:
2354:
1507:
1425:. Chronic Poverty and Development Policy.
871:, or create a new section, as appropriate.
624:, or create a new section, as appropriate.
3652:
3575:
3348:
3264:
3207:
3158:
3148:
3064:
3041:"Emotional dimensions of chronic disease"
2995:
2972:
2946:
2790:
2780:
2618:
2530:
2520:
2416:
2302:
2253:
2216:
2161:
2112:
2060:
1986:
1945:
1919:
1711:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1650:
1598:
1588:
1249:
1230:Addiction Science & Clinical Practice
1200:
1151:
1141:
887:Learn how and when to remove this message
640:Learn how and when to remove this message
554:Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome
414:Chronic osteoarticular diseases, such as
3374:International Journal of Health Services
2190:International Journal of Nursing Studies
1713:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.012809.103613
1615:
921:in all segments of the U.S. population.
349:Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
216:by adding descriptive text and removing
3691:
3558:Capewell S, Andersen K (October 2011).
2547:
2013:. Trust for America's Health. July 2008
1541:
1450:The American Journal of Orthopsychiatry
1447:
138:Chronic conditions may have periods of
14:
4080:
3822:Heshusius L, Fishman SM (2009-08-20).
3757:
3736:
3712:
3468:
3322:
2918:. American Psychological Association.
2913:
2894:
2859:
2762:
1968:
1682:
1678:. New York, NY: The Commonwealth Fund.
1303:"Noncommunicable diseases. Fact sheet"
300:Chronic respiratory diseases, such as
3959:
3800:
3776:
3623:
2747:
2082:
2080:
2030:
2028:
1482:
517:
306:chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
268:codes as "chronic" or "non-chronic".
89:chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
3950:Chronic Disease and Health Promotion
3432:Manderson L, Smith-Morris C (2010).
3406:
2011:"Prevention for a Healthier America"
1975:The Journal of Economic Perspectives
1827:Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology
1224:Dennis M, Scott CK (December 2007).
839:
705:for the existence of the disease or
592:
241:For example, high blood pressure or
184:
73:functional gastrointestinal disorder
3990:used to describe disease conditions
3341:10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2014.09.01
3039:Turner J, Kelly B (February 2000).
1124:Bernell S, Howard SW (2016-08-02).
1050:Chronic disease in Northern Ontario
1011:Advocacy and research organizations
24:
3885:
3871:
3760:Ordinary life: a memoir of illness
3645:
2947:Clark NM, Gong M (February 2000).
2901:American Psychological Association
2638:from the original on Nov 29, 2023.
2597:from the original on Sep 24, 2022.
2574:from the original on Jun 20, 2024.
2340:10.1002/j.1550-8528.1995.tb00124.x
2077:
2025:
899:
835:
437:Dermatological conditions such as
109:acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
25:
4109:
3901:
3762:. New York: W. H. Freeman Press.
3678:. University of Minnesota Press.
3671:
2584:
2136:Salmond SW, Echevarria M (2017).
1920:Mays GP, Smith SA (August 2011).
1631:American Journal of Public Health
958:
154:which are distinguished by their
3940:Public Health Agency of Canada:
3845:Kroll-Smith S, Floyd HH (1997).
2454:10.1097/00124784-200307000-00003
1793:10.1097/00004703-198806000-00001
1193:10.1097/00006416-199609000-00014
937:
844:
810:Medical Expenditure Panel Survey
779:
681:medical conditions (CDC, 2014).
597:
189:
3617:
3606:. Marketwired. 19 November 2015
3592:
3551:
3524:
3462:
3448:
3425:
3400:
3365:
3316:
3281:
3224:
3175:
3124:
3081:
3045:The Western Journal of Medicine
3032:
2989:
2940:
2907:
2888:
2862:Archives of Psychiatric Nursing
2807:
2756:
2741:
2698:
2677:
2601:
2496:
2433:
2389:
2319:
2270:
2129:
2003:
1861:
1772:
1728:
1667:
1476:
1441:
1414:
759:
588:
469:Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder
448:Deafness and hearing impairment
3409:The Medical Industrial Complex
2503:Anderson G, Horvath J (2004).
2202:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2008.12.011
2105:10.1002/14651858.CD010763.pub2
2053:10.1002/14651858.CD011677.pub3
1700:Annual Review of Public Health
1390:
1356:
1330:
1321:
1266:
1217:
1181:Journal of Affective Disorders
1168:
1117:
1028:Crohn's and Colitis Foundation
561:and other hemoglobin disorders
433:complex regional pain syndrome
13:
1:
3510:10.1016/S0277-9536(02)00375-1
3498:Social Science & Medicine
3483:10.1080/10455752.2016.1213013
2295:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61809-7
1501:10.1016/s0305-750x(02)00214-0
1435:10.1016/S0305-750X(02)00222-X
1338:"Chronic Diseases in America"
1111:
1020:American Diabetes Association
815:According to research by the
688:
4093:Human diseases and disorders
3892:Regarding the Pain of Others
3436:. Rutgers University Press.
2769:Indian Journal of Psychiatry
2719:10.1097/PHH.0000000000001099
2246:10.7861/clinmedicine.7-3-228
2154:10.1097/NOR.0000000000000308
1870:Handbook of health economics
1590:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000058
995:Socioeconomic class and race
797:, respiratory diseases like
785:addressing chronic disease.
429:post-vasectomy pain syndrome
165:constitute a major cause of
7:
3948:World Health Organization:
3471:Capitalism Nature Socialism
3386:10.2190/4M3E-L0YF-W1TD-EKG0
3329:Journal of Thoracic Disease
3323:Grouse L (September 2014).
2816:Journal of Aging and Health
1738:Journal of Community Health
1706:: 271β81 4 p folliwng 281.
1553:, World Health Organization
1080:Disease management (health)
1033:
867:, discuss the issue on the
620:, discuss the issue on the
549:Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
262:Chronic Condition Indicator
51:) is a health condition or
10:
4114:
3895:. Susan Sontag Foundation.
3881:. Susan Sontag Foundation.
2874:10.1016/j.apnu.2008.11.002
2763:Tiwari SC (October 2013).
2750:Worksite Wellness Programs
1342:Center for Disease Control
1130:Frontiers in Public Health
1100:Natural history of disease
972:medical-industrial complex
930:Social and personal impact
746:
732:Trust for America's Health
717:programs are important in
63:is often applied when the
31:
3995:
3200:10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000505
3150:10.1186/s12939-014-0105-3
3102:10.1007/s11892-012-0314-3
2663:10.1377/hlthaff.28.2.w358
2522:10.1016/j.phr.2004.04.005
1938:10.1377/hlthaff.2011.0196
1750:10.1007/s10900-007-9066-4
1307:World Health Organization
1085:Dynamic treatment regimes
1055:Chronic Illness (journal)
985:
565:Substance Abuse Disorders
520:chronic fatigue syndrome)
514:Myalgic encephalomyelitis
395:graft-versus-host disease
171:World Health Organization
152:non-communicable diseases
3577:10.1093/eurheartj/ehr271
3533:Social Science Quarterly
3090:Current Diabetes Reports
2965:10.1136/bmj.320.7234.572
2828:10.1177/0898264312460275
2782:10.4103/0019-5545.120536
2765:"Loneliness: A disease?"
1643:10.2105/AJPH.2009.166082
1550:Noncommunicable diseases
1376:10.3310/collection_45881
1143:10.3389/fpubh.2016.00159
1045:Chronic disease in China
976:pharmaceutical companies
808:Based on data from 2014
484:Hereditary spherocytosis
378:relapsing polychondritis
180:
32:Not to be confused with
4059:Acronym or abbreviation
3545:10.1111/1540-6237.00082
3302:10.1377/hlthaff.28.1.w1
2375:10.1001/jama.276.10.792
1040:Chronic care management
1024:Alzheimer's Association
1000:Race is also implicated
374:Hashimoto's thyroiditis
288:cerebrovascular disease
284:Cardiovascular diseases
218:less pertinent examples
4025:Differential diagnosis
3624:Helms L (2019-05-17).
3564:European Heart Journal
3057:10.1136/ewjm.172.2.124
2418:10.4102/hsag.v22i0.970
453:EhlersβDanlos syndrome
425:Chronic pain syndromes
410:Chronic kidney disease
18:Chronic health problem
3010:10.1007/s007870200015
2509:Public Health Reports
3653:Berkowitz A (2015).
2405:Health SA Gesondheid
1637:(Suppl 1): S186β96.
1005:environmental racism
913:-infected patients.
865:improve this section
855:may not represent a
618:improve this section
608:may not represent a
489:Huntington's disease
420:rheumatoid arthritis
405:Chronic pancreatitis
328:gestational diabetes
296:ischemic cardiopathy
4088:Medical terminology
3878:Illness as Metaphor
3237:Health Expectations
2620:10.15620/cdc:122044
907:antiviral therapies
791:high blood pressure
659:Social determinants
544:Periodontal disease
539:Parkinson's disease
362:lupus erythematosus
354:Autoimmune diseases
344:Atrial fibrillation
339:Alzheimer's disease
214:improve the article
93:autoimmune diseases
4098:Disability by type
4004:Signs and symptoms
3692:Charmaz K (1991).
2142:Orthopedic Nursing
1988:10.1257/jep.22.4.3
1969:Cutler DM (2008).
1839:10.1007/BF00916356
1242:10.1151/ascp074145
1075:Disability studies
821:elderly population
693:A growing body of
655:behavioral changes
559:Sickle cell anemia
509:Multiple sclerosis
358:ulcerative colitis
4075:
4074:
4070:
4069:
4055:Eponymous disease
4021:Medical diagnosis
3856:978-0-8147-4752-0
3837:978-0-8014-4796-9
3814:978-0-226-00497-6
3801:Frank AW (2013).
3793:978-1-4399-1715-2
3769:978-0-7167-3036-1
3758:Conway K (1997).
3750:978-0-8263-5324-5
3737:Conway K (2013).
3729:978-0-19-534022-8
3705:978-0-8135-1711-7
3664:978-1-937421-15-1
3604:finance.yahoo.com
3570:(19): 2333β2340.
3418:978-0-517-55351-0
3249:10.1111/hex.13166
3188:BMJ Global Health
2925:978-1-4338-0389-5
2914:Sperry L (2009).
2895:Sperry L (2006).
2289:(9903): 1525β33.
2234:Clinical Medicine
1879:978-0-444-82290-1
1489:World Development
1423:World Development
1284:on March 28, 2013
1070:Course (medicine)
897:
896:
889:
650:
649:
642:
439:atopic dermatitis
400:Chronic hepatitis
312:Diabetes mellitus
264:(CCI) which maps
235:
234:
97:genetic disorders
41:chronic condition
16:(Redirected from
4105:
3998:
3997:
3980:
3973:
3966:
3957:
3956:
3916:
3911:. Archived from
3896:
3882:
3868:
3841:
3829:
3818:
3797:
3773:
3754:
3733:
3709:
3687:
3668:
3640:
3639:
3637:
3636:
3621:
3615:
3614:
3612:
3611:
3596:
3590:
3589:
3579:
3555:
3549:
3548:
3528:
3522:
3521:
3493:
3487:
3486:
3466:
3460:
3459:
3452:
3446:
3445:
3429:
3423:
3422:
3404:
3398:
3397:
3369:
3363:
3362:
3352:
3335:(9): E203βE206.
3320:
3314:
3313:
3285:
3279:
3278:
3268:
3228:
3222:
3221:
3211:
3179:
3173:
3172:
3162:
3152:
3128:
3122:
3121:
3085:
3079:
3078:
3068:
3036:
3030:
3029:
2993:
2987:
2986:
2976:
2944:
2938:
2937:
2911:
2905:
2904:
2892:
2886:
2885:
2857:
2848:
2847:
2811:
2805:
2804:
2794:
2784:
2760:
2754:
2753:
2745:
2739:
2738:
2702:
2696:
2695:
2693:
2692:
2681:
2675:
2674:
2646:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2622:
2605:
2599:
2598:
2582:
2576:
2575:
2573:
2566:
2558:
2545:
2544:
2534:
2524:
2500:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2490:
2475:
2466:
2465:
2437:
2431:
2430:
2420:
2402:
2393:
2387:
2386:
2358:
2352:
2351:
2328:Obesity Research
2323:
2317:
2316:
2306:
2274:
2268:
2267:
2257:
2225:
2214:
2213:
2185:
2176:
2175:
2165:
2133:
2127:
2126:
2116:
2084:
2075:
2074:
2064:
2032:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2007:
2001:
2000:
1990:
1966:
1960:
1959:
1949:
1917:
1911:
1910:
1890:
1884:
1883:
1865:
1859:
1858:
1822:
1813:
1812:
1776:
1770:
1769:
1732:
1726:
1725:
1715:
1691:
1680:
1679:
1671:
1665:
1664:
1654:
1622:
1613:
1612:
1602:
1592:
1568:
1562:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1545:
1539:
1538:
1536:
1535:
1516:
1505:
1504:
1483:Hulme D (2003).
1480:
1474:
1473:
1462:10.1037/h0087722
1445:
1439:
1438:
1418:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1408:
1394:
1388:
1387:
1360:
1354:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1334:
1328:
1325:
1319:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1299:
1293:
1292:
1290:
1289:
1280:. Archived from
1270:
1264:
1263:
1253:
1221:
1215:
1214:
1204:
1172:
1166:
1165:
1155:
1145:
1121:
892:
885:
881:
878:
872:
848:
847:
840:
803:high cholesterol
645:
638:
634:
631:
625:
601:
600:
593:
519:
230:
227:
221:
193:
192:
185:
113:terminal illness
34:Chronic toxicity
21:
4113:
4112:
4108:
4107:
4106:
4104:
4103:
4102:
4078:
4077:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4057:
4049:
4044:
4040:
4032:
4027:
4023:
4015:
4010:
4006:
3991:
3984:
3942:Chronic Disease
3907:
3904:
3899:
3857:
3838:
3815:
3794:
3770:
3751:
3730:
3706:
3665:
3648:
3646:Further reading
3643:
3634:
3632:
3622:
3618:
3609:
3607:
3598:
3597:
3593:
3556:
3552:
3529:
3525:
3494:
3490:
3467:
3463:
3454:
3453:
3449:
3430:
3426:
3419:
3407:Wohl S (1984).
3405:
3401:
3370:
3366:
3321:
3317:
3286:
3282:
3229:
3225:
3180:
3176:
3129:
3125:
3086:
3082:
3037:
3033:
2994:
2990:
2959:(7234): 572β5.
2945:
2941:
2926:
2912:
2908:
2893:
2889:
2858:
2851:
2812:
2808:
2761:
2757:
2746:
2742:
2703:
2699:
2690:
2688:
2683:
2682:
2678:
2647:
2643:
2635:
2607:
2606:
2602:
2583:
2579:
2571:
2564:
2560:
2559:
2548:
2501:
2497:
2488:
2486:
2476:
2469:
2438:
2434:
2400:
2394:
2390:
2359:
2355:
2324:
2320:
2275:
2271:
2226:
2217:
2186:
2179:
2134:
2130:
2099:(4): CD010763.
2085:
2078:
2047:(8): CD011677.
2033:
2026:
2016:
2014:
2009:
2008:
2004:
1967:
1963:
1918:
1914:
1891:
1887:
1880:
1866:
1862:
1823:
1816:
1777:
1773:
1733:
1729:
1692:
1683:
1672:
1668:
1623:
1616:
1583:(4): e1000058.
1569:
1565:
1556:
1554:
1547:
1546:
1542:
1533:
1531:
1518:
1517:
1508:
1481:
1477:
1446:
1442:
1419:
1415:
1406:
1404:
1396:
1395:
1391:
1362:
1361:
1357:
1347:
1345:
1336:
1335:
1331:
1326:
1322:
1312:
1310:
1301:
1300:
1296:
1287:
1285:
1272:
1271:
1267:
1222:
1218:
1173:
1169:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1036:
1013:
997:
988:
961:
940:
932:
902:
893:
882:
876:
873:
862:
849:
845:
838:
836:Economic impact
782:
766:anti-retroviral
762:
749:
726:organizations.
724:community-based
691:
646:
635:
629:
626:
615:
602:
598:
591:
575:Thyroid disease
455:(various types)
370:coeliac disease
366:Crohn's disease
255:chronic poverty
231:
225:
222:
211:
194:
190:
183:
132:acute condition
49:chronic illness
45:chronic disease
43:(also known as
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4111:
4101:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4073:
4072:
4068:
4067:
4052:
4050:
4035:
4033:
4018:
4016:
4001:
3996:
3993:
3992:
3983:
3982:
3975:
3968:
3960:
3954:
3953:
3945:
3937:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3915:on 2021-01-18.
3903:
3902:External links
3900:
3898:
3897:
3883:
3869:
3855:
3842:
3836:
3819:
3813:
3798:
3792:
3774:
3768:
3755:
3749:
3734:
3728:
3710:
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3669:
3663:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3641:
3616:
3591:
3550:
3523:
3488:
3461:
3447:
3424:
3417:
3399:
3380:(1): 101β122.
3364:
3315:
3290:Health Affairs
3280:
3223:
3194:(1): e000505.
3174:
3123:
3080:
3031:
2988:
2939:
2924:
2906:
2887:
2849:
2822:(8): 1346β63.
2806:
2755:
2740:
2713:(2): 166β172.
2697:
2676:
2657:(2): w358β67.
2651:Health Affairs
2641:
2600:
2577:
2546:
2515:(3): 263β270.
2495:
2467:
2432:
2388:
2353:
2318:
2269:
2215:
2177:
2128:
2076:
2024:
2002:
1961:
1932:(8): 1585β93.
1926:Health Affairs
1912:
1901:(3): 288β303.
1885:
1878:
1860:
1833:(2): 295β308.
1814:
1771:
1727:
1681:
1666:
1614:
1563:
1540:
1506:
1495:(3): 399β402.
1475:
1440:
1429:(3): 403β423.
1413:
1389:
1370:. 2021-03-30.
1355:
1329:
1320:
1309:. January 2015
1294:
1265:
1216:
1167:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1108:
1102:
1097:
1095:Multimorbidity
1092:
1090:Medical tattoo
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1035:
1032:
1012:
1009:
996:
993:
987:
984:
960:
959:Financial cost
957:
939:
936:
931:
928:
901:
898:
895:
894:
859:of the subject
857:worldwide view
852:
850:
843:
837:
834:
781:
778:
761:
758:
748:
745:
707:predisposition
697:supports that
690:
687:
663:Social factors
648:
647:
612:of the subject
610:worldwide view
605:
603:
596:
590:
587:
586:
585:
584:And many more.
582:
577:
572:
567:
562:
556:
551:
546:
541:
536:
531:
526:
521:
511:
506:
501:
499:Mental illness
496:
491:
486:
481:
476:
471:
466:
461:
456:
450:
445:
435:
422:
416:osteoarthritis
412:
407:
402:
397:
391:
388:Cerebral palsy
385:
380:
351:
346:
341:
332:
331:
309:
298:
281:
233:
232:
226:September 2021
197:
195:
188:
182:
179:
175:multimorbidity
156:non-infectious
101:viral diseases
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4110:
4099:
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4091:
4089:
4086:
4085:
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4047:
4043:
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4030:
4026:
4022:
4017:
4014:
4013:
4009:
4005:
4000:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3988:medical terms
3981:
3976:
3974:
3969:
3967:
3962:
3961:
3958:
3952:
3951:
3946:
3944:
3943:
3938:
3934:
3932:
3931:MEDICC Review
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3914:
3910:
3906:
3905:
3894:
3893:
3888:
3884:
3880:
3879:
3874:
3870:
3866:
3862:
3858:
3852:
3849:. NYU Press.
3848:
3843:
3839:
3833:
3828:
3827:
3820:
3816:
3810:
3806:
3805:
3799:
3795:
3789:
3785:
3784:
3779:
3775:
3771:
3765:
3761:
3756:
3752:
3746:
3742:
3741:
3735:
3731:
3725:
3721:
3720:
3715:
3711:
3707:
3701:
3697:
3696:
3690:
3685:
3681:
3677:
3676:
3670:
3666:
3660:
3656:
3655:Tender Points
3651:
3650:
3631:
3627:
3620:
3605:
3601:
3595:
3587:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3569:
3565:
3561:
3554:
3546:
3542:
3539:(1): 263β80.
3538:
3534:
3527:
3519:
3515:
3511:
3507:
3504:(3): 453β64.
3503:
3499:
3492:
3484:
3480:
3476:
3472:
3465:
3457:
3451:
3443:
3439:
3435:
3428:
3420:
3414:
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3403:
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3391:
3387:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3368:
3360:
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3342:
3338:
3334:
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3319:
3311:
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3299:
3295:
3291:
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3276:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3258:
3254:
3250:
3246:
3243:(2): 282β95.
3242:
3238:
3234:
3227:
3219:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3201:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3178:
3170:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3127:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3099:
3096:(6): 739β48.
3095:
3091:
3084:
3076:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3035:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2992:
2984:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2943:
2935:
2931:
2927:
2921:
2917:
2910:
2902:
2898:
2891:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2868:(5): 387β96.
2867:
2863:
2856:
2854:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2810:
2802:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2759:
2751:
2744:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2701:
2686:
2680:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2645:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2612:
2611:
2604:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2581:
2570:
2563:
2557:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2542:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2499:
2485:
2481:
2474:
2472:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2448:(4): 258β65.
2447:
2443:
2436:
2428:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2399:
2392:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2369:(10): 792β7.
2368:
2364:
2357:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2322:
2314:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2273:
2265:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2240:(3): 228β31.
2239:
2235:
2231:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2196:(8): 1143β7.
2195:
2191:
2184:
2182:
2173:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2132:
2124:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2083:
2081:
2072:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2031:
2029:
2012:
2006:
1998:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1965:
1957:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1916:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1889:
1881:
1875:
1871:
1864:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1821:
1819:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1787:(3): 117β21.
1786:
1782:
1775:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1731:
1723:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1690:
1688:
1686:
1677:
1670:
1662:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1621:
1619:
1610:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1577:PLOS Medicine
1574:
1567:
1552:
1551:
1544:
1530:on 2012-04-23
1529:
1525:
1521:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1479:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1444:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1417:
1403:
1399:
1393:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1368:NIHR Evidence
1365:
1359:
1343:
1339:
1333:
1324:
1308:
1304:
1298:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1269:
1261:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1220:
1212:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1171:
1163:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1120:
1116:
1106:
1105:Virtual Wards
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1031:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1016:
1008:
1006:
1001:
992:
983:
981:
977:
973:
968:
964:
956:
952:
948:
944:
938:Mental health
935:
927:
924:
920:
914:
912:
908:
900:United States
891:
888:
880:
870:
866:
860:
858:
851:
842:
841:
833:
829:
825:
822:
818:
813:
811:
806:
804:
800:
796:
792:
786:
780:United States
777:
773:
769:
767:
757:
753:
744:
742:
736:
733:
727:
725:
720:
716:
715:public health
711:
708:
704:
700:
696:
686:
682:
678:
676:
671:
668:
664:
660:
656:
644:
641:
633:
623:
619:
613:
611:
604:
595:
594:
583:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
566:
563:
560:
557:
555:
552:
550:
547:
545:
542:
540:
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
459:Endometriosis
457:
454:
451:
449:
446:
444:
440:
436:
434:
430:
426:
423:
421:
417:
413:
411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
396:
392:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
340:
337:
336:
335:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
310:
307:
303:
299:
297:
293:
292:heart failure
289:
285:
282:
280:
277:
276:
275:
272:
269:
267:
263:
258:
256:
252:
248:
244:
239:
229:
219:
215:
209:
207:
203:
198:This section
196:
187:
186:
178:
176:
172:
168:
164:
159:
157:
153:
148:
145:
141:
136:
133:
129:
125:
121:
116:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
35:
30:
19:
4053:
4041:
4036:
4019:
4002:
3949:
3941:
3930:
3913:the original
3890:
3876:
3846:
3825:
3803:
3782:
3759:
3739:
3718:
3694:
3688:</ref>
3674:
3654:
3633:. Retrieved
3629:
3619:
3608:. Retrieved
3603:
3594:
3567:
3563:
3553:
3536:
3532:
3526:
3501:
3497:
3491:
3474:
3470:
3464:
3450:
3433:
3427:
3408:
3402:
3377:
3373:
3367:
3332:
3328:
3318:
3296:(1): w1-16.
3293:
3289:
3283:
3240:
3236:
3226:
3191:
3187:
3177:
3140:
3136:
3126:
3093:
3089:
3083:
3051:(2): 124β8.
3048:
3044:
3034:
3004:(2): 85β91.
3001:
2997:
2991:
2956:
2952:
2942:
2915:
2909:
2900:
2890:
2865:
2861:
2819:
2815:
2809:
2775:(4): 320β2.
2772:
2768:
2758:
2749:
2743:
2710:
2706:
2700:
2689:. Retrieved
2679:
2654:
2650:
2644:
2609:
2603:
2591:Parentgiving
2590:
2580:
2512:
2508:
2498:
2487:. Retrieved
2483:
2445:
2441:
2435:
2408:
2404:
2391:
2366:
2362:
2356:
2334:(1): 73β95.
2331:
2327:
2321:
2286:
2282:
2272:
2237:
2233:
2193:
2189:
2148:(1): 12β25.
2145:
2141:
2131:
2096:
2092:
2044:
2040:
2015:. Retrieved
2005:
1978:
1974:
1964:
1929:
1925:
1915:
1898:
1894:
1888:
1869:
1863:
1830:
1826:
1784:
1780:
1774:
1744:(1): 40β50.
1741:
1737:
1730:
1703:
1699:
1675:
1669:
1634:
1630:
1580:
1576:
1566:
1555:, retrieved
1549:
1543:
1532:. Retrieved
1528:the original
1523:
1492:
1488:
1478:
1456:(1): 42β57.
1453:
1449:
1443:
1426:
1422:
1416:
1405:. Retrieved
1401:
1392:
1367:
1358:
1346:. Retrieved
1341:
1332:
1323:
1311:. Retrieved
1297:
1286:. Retrieved
1282:the original
1277:
1268:
1236:(1): 45β55.
1233:
1229:
1219:
1187:(1): 43β50.
1184:
1180:
1170:
1133:
1129:
1119:
1060:Chronic pain
1017:
1014:
998:
989:
969:
965:
962:
953:
949:
945:
941:
933:
915:
903:
883:
874:
854:
830:
826:
814:
807:
787:
783:
774:
770:
763:
760:Epidemiology
754:
750:
737:
728:
712:
692:
683:
679:
672:
651:
636:
627:
607:
589:Risk factors
580:Tuberculosis
534:Osteoporosis
494:Hypertension
474:Fibromyalgia
333:
324:pre-diabetes
286:, including
273:
270:
259:
247:heart attack
243:hypertension
240:
236:
223:
212:Please help
200:may contain
199:
160:
149:
137:
127:
123:
117:
60:
48:
44:
40:
38:
29:
3936:everywhere.
3865:j.ctt9qg6hq
1981:(4): 3β26.
1402:MedicineNet
1398:"Condition"
1107:(a UK term)
970:Within the
713:Therefore,
673:In the US,
667:disparities
570:Sleep apnea
390:(all types)
105:hepatitis C
57:its effects
4082:Categories
3635:2019-06-13
3610:2019-06-13
3477:(3): 1β6.
3143:(1): 105.
2691:2019-06-30
2489:2019-06-13
1534:2009-12-07
1407:2016-04-13
1288:2020-09-11
1112:References
1065:Long COVID
741:ambulatory
699:prevention
689:Prevention
675:minorities
630:April 2015
524:Narcolepsy
427:, such as
356:, such as
206:irrelevant
169:, and the
4063:Remission
4029:Prognosis
3684:943203014
3672:Caron D.
3442:852507893
3257:1369-6513
2934:213375853
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