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885:. An agreement of autonomy was reached by the two parties where the southeastern region will become independent. However, on reaching Nigeria, Gen. Yakubu Gowon breached the agreement and failed to implement the system of autonomy and further declaring war against the agreed secession of southeastern Nigeria. As a result Colonel Odumegwu-Ojukwu declared Eastern Nigeria a sovereign state to be known as Biafra:
2302:
2288:
585:, blockaded Biafra and cut food supplies, which created a mass famine. Ojukwu made use of foreign media to highlight the plight of Biafran civilians and depict the war as genocide against Igbos. The shocking images of starving Biafran civilians turned the war into an international media sensation, as this was one of the first globally televised wars alongside the
925:, a hole appeared in the Biafran front lines, and the Nigerian military exploited this. As it became obvious that the war was lost, Ojukwu was convinced to leave the country to avoid assassination. On 9 January 1970, he handed over power to his second in command, Chief of General Staff Major-General Philip Effiong, and left for
848:. The coup failed in the South-Eastern part of Nigeria where Ojukwu was the military Governor, due to the effort of the brigade commander and hesitation of northern officers stationed in the region (partly due to the mutiny leaders in the East being Northern whilst being surrounded by a large Eastern population).
868:, who was part of the coup. This realisation led Ogundipe to opt-out. Thus, Ojukwu's insistence could not be enforced by Ogundipe unless the coup plotters agreed (which they did not). The fallout from this led to a standoff between Ojukwu and Gowon, leading to the sequence of events that resulted in the
1009:, whereby his body was carried around the five Eastern states, Imo, Abia, Enugu, Ebonyi, Anambra, including the nation's capital, Abuja. Memorial services and public events were also held in his honour in several places across Nigeria, including Lagos and Niger State, his birthplace, and as far away as
945:
granted a pardon to Ojukwu on 18 May 1982, allowing him to return to
Nigeria as a private citizen. Ojukwu re-entered Nigeria from Ivory Coast on 18 June. Ojukwu declared his candidacy for the Nigerian Senate in 1983. The official tally showed him losing by 12,000 votes, though a court attempted to
880:
Following the incessant killings of Igbos all over the nation as a result of tribal intolerance and fear of domination by Igbos, Ojukwu, being the southeastern general and Yakubu Gowon who was selected as the supreme general and head of state agreed to hold a peace conference at Aburi, Ghana hosted
548:
in 1955 with a master's degree in history and returned to
Nigeria to serve as an administrative officer. He later joined the Nigerian army and was rapidly promoted. Following Nigerian independence in 1960, a group of mostly Igbo junior army officers overthrew Nigeria’s civilian government in the
889:
Having mandated me to proclaim on your behalf, and in your name, that
Eastern Nigeria is a sovereign independent Republic, now, therefore I, Lieutenant Colonel Chukwuemeka Odumegwu-Ojukwu, Military Governor of Eastern Nigeria, by the authority, and under the principles recited above, do hereby
628:
regard him as a hero and a messianic figure who did what was necessary to ensure the survival of
Nigeria's Eastern population while facing the possibility of a genocide after the 1966 coup. Other Nigerians have deemed Biafra's secession unnecessary, blaming Ojukwu for the events of the war and
728:) to prevent Emeka from getting an officer-cadetship. Sir Louis and Governor-General Macpherson believed Emeka would not stick to the gruelling NCO schedule, however, Emeka persevered. After an incident in which Ojukwu corrected a drill sergeant's mispronunciation of the safety catch of the
608:
granted amnesty to Ojukwu, allowing him to return to
Nigeria without facing political or legal consequences from the war. Ojukwu spent the remainder of his life unsuccessfully attempting to return to Nigerian politics as a democratically elected politician rather than a military ruler.
796:
Aguiyi-Ironsi took over the leadership of the country and thus became the first military head of state. On Monday, 17 January 1966, he appointed military governors for the four regions. Lt. Col. Odumegwu-Ojukwu was appointed
Military Governor of the Eastern Region. Others were: Lt.-Cols
676:
in 1944 where he was involved in a controversy leading to his brief imprisonment for assaulting a
British teacher who put down a student strike action that he was a part of. This event generated widespread coverage in local newspapers. At 13, his father sent him to the
33:
917:
were executed for treason with the approval of Ojukwu, the
Biafran Supreme commander. Major Ifeajuna was one of those executed. The defendants had argued that they sought a negotiated ceasefire with the federal government and were not guilty of treason.
576:
In response to Igbo demands for secession, Ojukwu reorganised the
Eastern Region as the Republic of Biafra, and he declared independence from Nigeria. Nigeria invaded Biafra, sparking the Nigerian Civil War. The Nigerian military, with support from the
890:
solemnly proclaim that the territory and region known as and called
Eastern Nigeria together with her continental shelf and territorial waters, shall, henceforth, be an independent sovereign state of the name and title of The Republic of Biafra.
832:
started. This presented problems for Odumegwu Ojukwu, as he did everything in his power to prevent reprisals and even encouraged people to return, as assurances for their safety had been given by his supposed colleagues up north and out west.
789:, also in northern Nigeria. It is to Ojukwu's credit that the coup lost much steam in the north, where it had succeeded. Lt. Col. Odumegwu-Ojukwu supported the forces loyal to the Supreme Commander of the Nigerian Armed Forces, Major-General
863:
be made head of state, although both Gowon and Ojukwu were of the same rank in the Nigerian Army. Ogundipe could not muster enough force in Lagos to establish his authority as soldiers (Guard Battalion) available to him were under
709:. In 1957, after two years of working with the colonial civil service and seeking to break away from his father's influence over his civil service career, he left and joined the military initially enlisting as a
2161:
946:
reverse the ruling in September of that year, citing fraud in the election results. However, the disputed result was rendered moot when the Shagari government fell in the
2313:
1921:
2186:
2380:
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At that time, the Nigerian Military Forces had 250 officers and only 15 were Nigerians. There were 6,400 other ranks, of which 336 were British. After serving in the
2319:
1057:
2244:
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965:(former Miss Intercontinental and future ambassador) in 1994, his third marriage. The couple had three children, Afamefuna, Chineme and Nwachukwu. In the
2385:
1966:
1475:
721:
557:, another Igbo, became the new Nigerian head of state, and he appointed Ojukwu as military governor of the predominately Igbo Eastern Region. However,
855:. On acknowledging Ironsi's death, Ojukwu insisted that the military hierarchy be preserved. The most senior army officer after Ironsi was Brigadier
604:, who recognised Biafra as a sovereign and independent state, granted him political asylum. In 1981, newly democratically elected Nigerian president
2213:
2306:
624:
from the Nigerian Army, and thousands of people attended his funeral. Ojukwu remains a contentious figure in the history of Nigeria. Many
2108:
894:
On 6 July 1967, Gowon declared war and attacked Biafra. In addition to the Aburi Accord that tried to avoid the war, there was also the
2400:
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with Brigadier B.A.O. Ogundipe, Chief of Staff, Supreme Headquarters, Lt. Col. Yakubu Gowon, Chief of Staff Army HQ, Commodore
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Biafra eventually capitulated to Nigerian forces in 1970 after millions of Biafran civilians died. Ojukwu subsequently fled to
1925:
1940:
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He was one of the first and few university graduates to receive an army commission. He later attended Infantry School in
735:
From Zaria, Emeka proceeded first to the Royal West African Frontier Force Training School in Teshie, Ghana and next, to
754:
686:
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2187:"At Ojukwu memorial in Dallas, USAfrica's Chido Nwangwu challenges the Igbo nation to say "never again" like Jews"
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in south-eastern Nigeria. Sir Louis was in the transport business; he took advantage of the business boom during
238:
2060:
782:
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He died in 2011 at the age of 78 in London, England. His body was returned to Nigeria, where Nigerian president
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750:. Upon completion of further military training, he was assigned to the Army's Fifth Battalion in Kaduna.
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1005:. Before his final interment, he had an elaborate weeklong funeral ceremony in Nigeria alongside Chief
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The Supreme Commander General Aguiyi-Ironsi and his host Colonel Fajuyi were abducted and killed in
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814:
710:
673:
529:
276:
64:
1832:
844:, and Martin Adamu, led the majority of Northern soldiers in a mutiny that later developed into a
689:, where he earned a master's degree in History. He returned to colonial Nigeria in 1956. He was a
1001:
before his burial on Friday 2 March. He was buried in a newly built mausoleum in his compound at
793:. Major Nzeogwu was in control of Kaduna, but the coup had failed in other parts of the country.
510:
102:
962:
910:. This was the final effort by Generals Ojukwu and Gowon to settle the conflict via diplomacy.
725:
254:
2326:
Lt. Colonel Chukwuemeka Ojukwu: "The East Is At The Crossroads", Prelude to Biafra (May 1967)
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506:
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463:
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361:
146:
141:
2162:"Odumegwu Ojukwu, 78: Rebel leader who broke the Republic of Biafra away from Nigeria"
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accorded him the highest military accolade and conducted a funeral parade for him in
856:
777:
Lieutenant-Colonel Ojukwu was in Kano, northern Nigeria, when Major Patrick Chukwuma
613:
545:
1896:
1190:"'Ours is a war of survival': Biafra, Nigeria and arguments about genocide, 1966–70"
1151:"'Ours is a war of survival': Biafra, Nigeria and arguments about genocide, 1966–70"
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1731:
1250:
1201:
1162:
1121:
913:
During the war, in 1967, some members of the July 1966 alleged coup plot and Major
837:
818:
701:
Ojukwu joined the civil service in Eastern Nigeria as an Administrative Officer at
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1544:
1370:
1297:
1227:
1205:
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1728:
The Statesman’s Yearbook Companion: The Leaders, Events and Cities of the World
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1978:
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732:, the British Depot Commander recommended Emeka for an officer's commission.
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654:
621:
617:
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562:
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280:
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jailed hundreds of political figures, including Ojukwu, who was held at the
1647:
Oil, Politics and Violence: Nigeria's Military Coup Culture (1966–1976) P30
1115:
941:
In 1981, Ojukwu began campaigning to return to Nigeria. Nigerian president
933:– who had recognised Biafra on 14 May 1968 – granted him political asylum.
914:
899:
860:
859:. However, the leaders of the countercoup insisted that Lieutenant Colonel
786:
702:
658:
582:
558:
459:
150:
137:
1858:"What Ojukwu told me before the Civil War – Gowon – Entertainment Express"
1125:
772:
1038:
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903:
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806:
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to become the richest man in Nigeria. He began his educational career in
646:
625:
597:
586:
525:
1762:
Oil, Politics and Violence: Nigeria's Military Coup Culture (1966–1976)
922:
743:
494:
287:
1604:
2245:"Odumegwu Ojukwu, Leader of Breakaway Republic of Biafra, Dies at 78"
1941:"Emmanuel Ifeajuna: Commonwealth Games gold to facing a firing squad"
997:
on 27 February 2012, the day his body was flown back to Nigeria from
769:, where he was in charge of the 5th Battalion of the Nigerian Army.
739:
where he received his commission in March 1958 as a 2nd Lieutenant.
565:
army officers feared an Igbo-dominated government, resulting in the
1605:"Federal Nigerian Army Blunders of the Nigerian Civil War – Part 9"
1094:"Odumegwu Ojukwu | Biography, Education, & Biafra | Britannica"
637:
Chukwuemeka "Emeka" Odumegwu Ojukwu was born on 4 November 1933 at
513:
of Nigeria, which he declared as the independent state of Biafra.
765:, Ojukwu was promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel in 1964 and posted to
638:
541:
517:
335:
192:
716:
Ojukwu's decision to enlist as an NCO was forced by his father (
629:
accusing him of oppressing Biafra's non-Igbo ethnic minorities.
589:. Biafra received international humanitarian relief during the
2301:
1393:"Nigerian Catholics reflect on 50th anniversary of Biafran War"
1033:
998:
895:
852:
537:
214:
1292:
1290:
1002:
662:
650:
2003:"Odumegwu Ojukwu | Nigerian military leader and politician"
1476:"Emeka Ojukwu Biography: Things You Did Not Know About Him"
1287:
520:, Nigeria during British colonial rule. He was the son of
32:
985:
On 26 November 2011, Ikemba Odumegwu Ojukwu died in the
620:. He was buried with full military honours, including a
1803:"The Biafran War, Nigerian History, Nigerian Civil War"
969:
era, Ojukwu unsuccessfully contested the presidency in
836:
On 29 July 1966, a group of officers, including Majors
773:
1966 coups and events leading to the Nigerian Civil War
668:
Emeka Ojukwu started his secondary school education at
1967:"Odumegwu Ojukwu, Breakaway Biafra Leader, Dies at 78"
1922:"A Befitting Monument for Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu"
2084:"18 June 1982: Ojukwu's return to Nigeria from exile"
2314:
A Befitting Monument for Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu
2269:
2212:
Isiguzo, Christopher; Osondu, Emeka (3 March 2012).
1371:"Educational History of Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu"
1076:"Nigeria's ex-Biafra leader Chukwuemeka Ojukwu dies"
906:
Conference (1968) under the chairmanship of Emperor
1833:"Civil war in Nigeria - Jul 06, 1967 - HISTORY.com"
509:. He previously served as military governor of the
1543:
2381:Candidates in the Nigerian general election, 2007
2376:Candidates in the Nigerian general election, 2003
2332:
2026:
1439:
783:executed and announced the bloody military coup
720:)'s pulling of political strings with the then
2211:
2135:"NEW CHARGES IN NIGERIA CITE WIDE CORRUPTION"
2031:. Spectrum Books Ltd., 1989. pp. 66–67.
2027:Odumegwu Ojukwu, Chukwuemeka (January 1989).
1997:
1995:
1440:Odumegwu Ojukwu, Chukwuemeka (January 1989).
2053:"THE UNTOLD STORY OF THE NIGERIA-BIAFRA WAR"
1730:, Palgrave Macmillan UK, p. 289, 2019,
2421:Recipients of Nigerian presidential pardons
2366:All Progressives Grand Alliance politicians
1346:"Throwback: Day Ojukwu slapped his teacher"
1109:
1107:
921:After two and a half years of fighting and
632:
486:(4 November 1933 – 26 November 2011) was a
233:Nigerian Military, Biafran military, later
2386:Graduates of the Mons Officer Cadet School
1992:
1726:"Odumegwu Ojukwu, Chukwuemeka (Nigeria)",
1114:Daly, Samuel Fury Childs (7 August 2020).
763:Major General Johnson Thomas Aguiyi-Ironsi
31:
2316:, blackacademypress.com. 3 February 2012.
1897:"Yakubu Gowon | head of state of Nigeria"
1753:
1735:
1446:. Spectrum Books Ltd., 1989. p. 79.
1321:"Chukwuemeka Odumegwu-Ojukwu (1933–2011)"
672:aged 10 in 1943. He later transferred to
2243:McFadden, Robert D. (26 November 2011).
2242:
2109:"Biafran Hero Wins Nigerian Senate Seat"
1965:McFadden, Robert D. (26 November 2011).
1964:
1677:
1537:
1535:
1412:. Spectrum Books, 1992. pp. 24–25.
1312:
1104:
2159:
1759:
1541:
1504:
1405:
1187:
1148:
16:Nigerian politician and military leader
2333:
1680:"Chukwuemeka Odumegwu-Ojukwu obituary"
1623:
1573:
1571:
1473:
1269:"Chukwuemeka Odumegwu-Ojukwu obituary"
1016:His funeral was attended by President
115:19 January 1966 – 27 May 1967
2160:Shapiro, T. Rees (29 November 2011).
2081:
1886:, Benard Odogwu, 1985, pp. 3, 4.
1532:
58:30 May 1967 – 8 January 1970
2320:News story regarding Odumegwu Ojukwu
1511:. Spectrum Books, 1992. p. 27.
1318:
1248:
1113:
1024:of Ghana among other personalities.
989:after a brief illness, aged 78. The
936:
681:to continue his education, first at
528:businessman. Ojukwu was educated at
1914:
1678:Whiteman, Kaye (27 November 2011).
1568:
1117:A History of the Republic of Biafra
958:. He was released later that year.
950:on 31 December. In early 1984, the
13:
2322:, tribune.com.ng. 8 December 2011.
1938:
1884:Crises And Conflicts Inside Biafra
1629:
1249:Ekpo, Charles (8 September 2021).
817:, Head of Nigerian Navy, Lt. Col.
755:United Nations’ peacekeeping force
687:Lincoln College, Oxford University
14:
2437:
2401:Alumni of Lincoln College, Oxford
2265:
1585:. Encyclopedia of World Biography
1550:. Spectrum Books, 1992. pp.
1395:. ncronline.org. 8 February 2020.
1373:. Allafrica.com. 26 November 2011
1300:. Allafrica.com. 26 November 2011
1230:. Allafrica.com. 26 November 2011
898:Peace Conference under President
809:(Mid West). These men formed the
2411:CMS Grammar School, Lagos alumni
2396:People educated at Epsom College
2300:
2286:
2272:
1228:"Odumegwu-Ojukwu Dies At Age 78"
1188:Anthony, Douglas (3 July 2014).
1149:Anthony, Douglas (3 July 2014).
956:Kirikiri Maximum Security Prison
846:"Counter-Coup" or "July Rematch"
403:
391:
378:
354:
341:
328:
2236:
2205:
2179:
2153:
2127:
2101:
2082:James, Raphael (18 June 2020).
2075:
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2020:
1958:
1932:
1889:
1876:
1850:
1825:
1795:
1778:
1719:
1705:
1671:
1638:
1597:
1583:Encyclopedia of World Biography
1498:
1467:
1433:
1399:
1385:
1363:
1338:
696:
2416:Biafran Armed Forces personnel
1261:
1242:
1220:
1181:
1142:
1120:. Cambridge University Press.
1086:
1068:
1050:
1:
1737:10.1057/978-1-349-95839-9_574
1579:"Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu"
1044:
902:(1968) and the OAU-sponsored
649:businessman from present-day
505:from 1967 to 1970 during the
225:Nigerian, Biafran (1967–1970)
2406:King's College, Lagos alumni
1634:. Methuen, 1971. p. 49.
1632:The Nigerian army, 1956–1966
1298:"Early Life of Emeka Ojukwu"
1206:10.1080/14623528.2014.936701
1194:Journal of Genocide Research
1167:10.1080/14623528.2014.936701
1155:Journal of Genocide Research
1020:of Nigeria and ex-President
7:
2307:Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu
2141:. Reuters. 12 February 1984
1542:Forsyth, Frederick (1992).
1505:Forsyth, Frederick (1992).
1406:Forsyth, Frederick (1992).
1027:
746:, the Small Arms School in
722:Governor-General of Nigeria
641:in northern Nigeria to Sir
524:, a wealthy and successful
398:United Nations Peacekeeping
180:Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu
25:Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu
10:
2442:
821:, Head of Air Force, Col.
600:in exile, where President
567:1966 Nigerian counter-coup
2214:"Goodnight Ikemba Ojukwu"
948:1983 Nigerian coup d'Ă©tat
943:Shehu Aliyu Usman Shagari
875:
842:Theophilus Yakubu Danjuma
670:CMS Grammar School, Lagos
551:1966 Nigerian coup d'Ă©tat
469:
455:
428:
422:1957–1967 (Nigerian Army)
418:
370:
320:
315:
307:
302:Mons Officer Cadet School
286:
273:CMS Grammar School, Lagos
268:
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88:
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39:
30:
23:
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811:Supreme Military Council
711:non-commissioned officer
665:, southwestern Nigeria.
633:Early life and education
424:1967–1970 (Biafran Army)
250:Njideka Odumegwu-Ojukwu
2351:People from Niger State
2115:. AP. 21 September 1983
2007:Encyclopedia Britannica
1901:Encyclopedia Britannica
1807:www.africamasterweb.com
803:Francis Adekunle Fajuyi
103:Eastern Region, Nigeria
2391:Nigerian Army officers
1764:. Algora. p. 97.
931:Félix Houphouët-Boigny
892:
730:Lee-Enfield .303 rifle
602:Félix Houphouët-Boigny
448:(Biafran Armed Forces)
255:Bianca Odumegwu-Ojukwu
2309:at Wikimedia Commons
2029:Because I am involved
1862:Entertainment Express
1760:Siollun, Max (2009).
1650:. Max Siollun. 2009.
1443:Because I am involved
1126:10.1017/9781108887748
887:
830:1966 anti-Igbo pogrom
674:King's College, Lagos
643:Louis Odumegwu Ojukwu
571:1966 anti-Igbo pogrom
555:Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi
530:King's College, Lagos
522:Louis Odumegwu Ojukwu
419:Years of service
277:King's College, Lagos
2371:Presidents of Biafra
799:Hassan Usman Katsina
544:. He graduated from
410:Biafran Armed Forces
293:University of Oxford
2361:Igbo Army personnel
2166:The Washington Post
1928:on 3 February 2012.
1882:No Place To Hide –
1486:on 16 November 2018
1082:. 26 November 2011.
1064:on 8 December 2011.
1058:"Ojukwu's birthday"
866:Joseph Nanven Garba
781:on 15 January 1966
569:and the subsequent
516:Ojukwu was born in
311:Soldier, politician
160:South-Eastern State
126:Francis Akanu Ibiam
46:President of Biafra
2139:The New York Times
2113:The New York Times
2088:The News (Nigeria)
2063:on 4 December 2017
1971:The New York Times
1864:. 23 December 2014
1786:"1966 Countercoup"
1713:"1966 Countercoup"
1480:Nigerian Infopedia
1350:The News (Nigeria)
1275:. 27 November 2011
1098:www.britannica.com
1013:, United States.
929:, where President
870:Nigerian civil war
807:David Akpode Ejoor
507:Nigerian Civil War
503:Republic of Biafra
464:Nigerian Civil War
436:Lieutenant Colonel
147:Alfred Diete-Spiff
142:East Central State
2305:Media related to
2193:. 6 February 2012
1747:978-1-349-95839-9
1611:. Dr Nowa Omoigui
1251:"Who Was Ojukwu?"
1135:978-1-108-88774-8
1018:Goodluck Jonathan
937:Return to Nigeria
857:Babafemi Ogundipe
705:, in present-day
614:Goodluck Jonathan
546:Oxford University
473:
472:
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2356:Igbo politicians
2304:
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2294:Biography portal
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2042:
2024:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2013:
1999:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1962:
1956:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1936:
1930:
1929:
1924:. Archived from
1918:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1893:
1887:
1880:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1854:
1848:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1829:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1813:on 12 March 2008
1809:. Archived from
1799:
1793:
1792:
1790:
1782:
1776:
1775:
1757:
1751:
1750:
1739:
1723:
1717:
1716:
1709:
1703:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1675:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1642:
1636:
1635:
1627:
1621:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1601:
1595:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1575:
1566:
1565:
1549:
1539:
1530:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1502:
1496:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1482:. Archived from
1471:
1465:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1437:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1403:
1397:
1396:
1389:
1383:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1367:
1361:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1342:
1336:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1325:Vanguard Nigeria
1316:
1310:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1294:
1285:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1265:
1259:
1258:
1246:
1240:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1224:
1218:
1217:
1200:(2–3): 205–225.
1185:
1179:
1178:
1161:(2–3): 205–225.
1146:
1140:
1139:
1111:
1102:
1101:
1090:
1084:
1083:
1072:
1066:
1065:
1060:. Archived from
1054:
838:Murtala Muhammed
819:George T. Kurubo
713:(NCO) in Zaria.
491:military officer
408:
407:
396:
395:
384:
382:
381:
360:
358:
357:
347:
345:
344:
334:
332:
331:
316:Military service
248:Elizabeth Okoli
212:
210:
207:26 November 2011
189:
187:
171:Personal details
134:
122:
113:
91:
83:Position created
79:
67:
56:
35:
21:
20:
2441:
2440:
2436:
2435:
2434:
2432:
2431:
2430:
2331:
2330:
2292:
2287:
2285:
2278:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2263:
2253:
2251:
2241:
2237:
2227:
2225:
2224:on 7 April 2014
2210:
2206:
2196:
2194:
2185:
2184:
2180:
2170:
2168:
2158:
2154:
2144:
2142:
2133:
2132:
2128:
2118:
2116:
2107:
2106:
2102:
2092:
2090:
2080:
2076:
2066:
2064:
2051:
2050:
2046:
2039:
2025:
2021:
2011:
2009:
2001:
2000:
1993:
1983:
1981:
1963:
1959:
1949:
1947:
1939:Oliver, Brian.
1937:
1933:
1920:
1919:
1915:
1905:
1903:
1895:
1894:
1890:
1881:
1877:
1867:
1865:
1856:
1855:
1851:
1841:
1839:
1831:
1830:
1826:
1816:
1814:
1801:
1800:
1796:
1788:
1784:
1783:
1779:
1772:
1758:
1754:
1748:
1725:
1724:
1720:
1711:
1710:
1706:
1696:
1694:
1676:
1672:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1644:
1643:
1639:
1628:
1624:
1614:
1612:
1603:
1602:
1598:
1588:
1586:
1577:
1576:
1569:
1562:
1540:
1533:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1503:
1499:
1489:
1487:
1472:
1468:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1438:
1434:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1404:
1400:
1391:
1390:
1386:
1376:
1374:
1369:
1368:
1364:
1354:
1352:
1344:
1343:
1339:
1329:
1327:
1319:Nwakanma, Obi.
1317:
1313:
1303:
1301:
1296:
1295:
1288:
1278:
1276:
1267:
1266:
1262:
1247:
1243:
1233:
1231:
1226:
1225:
1221:
1186:
1182:
1147:
1143:
1136:
1112:
1105:
1092:
1091:
1087:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1056:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1030:
1007:Obafemi Awolowo
983:
967:Fourth Republic
961:Ojukwu married
939:
878:
828:By 29 May, the
775:
726:John Macpherson
699:
635:
591:Biafran airlift
532:in Nigeria and
484:Odumegwu Ojukwu
462:
451:
423:
414:
402:
390:
379:
377:
366:
355:
353:
342:
340:
329:
327:
300:
279:
275:
253:
251:
249:
230:Political party
213:
208:
206:
197:British Nigeria
191:
190:4 November 1933
185:
183:
182:
181:
156:Uduokaha Esuene
154:
145:
132:
120:
114:
109:
89:
77:
63:
57:
52:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2439:
2429:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2329:
2328:
2323:
2317:
2298:
2297:
2283:
2280:Nigeria portal
2267:
2266:External links
2264:
2262:
2261:
2249:New York Times
2235:
2204:
2178:
2152:
2126:
2100:
2074:
2044:
2037:
2019:
1991:
1957:
1931:
1913:
1888:
1875:
1849:
1824:
1794:
1777:
1770:
1752:
1746:
1718:
1704:
1670:
1656:
1637:
1622:
1609:www.dawodu.com
1596:
1567:
1560:
1531:
1517:
1497:
1466:
1452:
1432:
1418:
1398:
1384:
1362:
1337:
1311:
1286:
1260:
1241:
1219:
1180:
1141:
1134:
1103:
1085:
1067:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1041:
1036:
1029:
1026:
1022:Jerry Rawlings
995:Abuja, Nigeria
987:United Kingdom
982:
979:
938:
935:
908:Haile Selassie
877:
874:
791:Aguiyi-Ironisi
779:Kaduna Nzeogwu
774:
771:
698:
695:
691:Roman Catholic
679:United Kingdom
634:
631:
579:United Kingdom
511:Eastern Region
497:who served as
471:
470:
467:
466:
457:
453:
452:
450:
449:
443:
432:
430:
426:
425:
420:
416:
415:
413:
412:
400:
388:
374:
372:
371:Branch/service
368:
367:
365:
364:
351:
349:United Nations
338:
324:
322:
318:
317:
313:
312:
309:
305:
304:
290:
284:
283:
270:
266:
265:
262:
258:
257:
246:
242:
241:
231:
227:
226:
223:
219:
218:
211:(aged 78)
204:
200:
199:
179:
177:
173:
172:
168:
167:
164:
163:
135:
129:
128:
123:
117:
116:
106:
105:
98:
97:
95:Philip Effiong
92:
86:
85:
80:
74:
73:
71:Philip Effiong
68:
65:Vice President
60:
59:
49:
48:
41:
40:
37:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2438:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2338:
2336:
2327:
2324:
2321:
2318:
2315:
2312:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2303:
2295:
2284:
2281:
2270:
2250:
2246:
2239:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2208:
2192:
2188:
2182:
2167:
2163:
2156:
2140:
2136:
2130:
2114:
2110:
2104:
2089:
2085:
2078:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2048:
2040:
2038:9789782460462
2034:
2030:
2023:
2008:
2004:
1998:
1996:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1961:
1946:
1942:
1935:
1927:
1923:
1917:
1902:
1898:
1892:
1885:
1879:
1863:
1859:
1853:
1838:
1834:
1828:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1798:
1787:
1781:
1773:
1771:9780875867090
1767:
1763:
1756:
1749:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1729:
1722:
1714:
1708:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1674:
1659:
1657:9780875867106
1653:
1649:
1648:
1641:
1633:
1630:Miners, N.J.
1626:
1610:
1606:
1600:
1584:
1580:
1574:
1572:
1563:
1561:9789782462091
1557:
1553:
1548:
1547:
1538:
1536:
1520:
1518:9789782462091
1514:
1510:
1509:
1501:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1470:
1455:
1453:9789782460462
1449:
1445:
1444:
1436:
1421:
1419:9789782462091
1415:
1411:
1410:
1402:
1394:
1388:
1372:
1366:
1351:
1347:
1341:
1326:
1322:
1315:
1299:
1293:
1291:
1274:
1270:
1264:
1256:
1252:
1245:
1229:
1223:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1184:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1145:
1137:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1118:
1110:
1108:
1099:
1095:
1089:
1081:
1077:
1071:
1063:
1059:
1053:
1049:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1025:
1023:
1019:
1014:
1012:
1011:Dallas, Texas
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
991:Nigerian Army
988:
978:
976:
972:
968:
964:
959:
957:
953:
952:Buhari regime
949:
944:
934:
932:
928:
924:
919:
916:
911:
909:
905:
901:
897:
891:
886:
884:
883:Joseph Ankrah
873:
871:
867:
862:
858:
854:
849:
847:
843:
839:
834:
831:
826:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
794:
792:
788:
784:
780:
770:
768:
764:
760:
756:
751:
749:
745:
740:
738:
733:
731:
727:
723:
719:
714:
712:
708:
704:
694:
692:
688:
685:and later at
684:
683:Epsom College
680:
675:
671:
666:
664:
660:
656:
655:Anambra State
652:
648:
644:
640:
630:
627:
623:
622:21-gun salute
619:
618:state funeral
615:
610:
607:
606:Shehu Shagari
603:
599:
594:
592:
588:
584:
580:
574:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
547:
543:
539:
535:
534:Epsom College
531:
527:
523:
519:
514:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
489:
485:
481:
477:
468:
465:
461:
458:
454:
447:
444:
441:
440:Nigerian Army
437:
434:
433:
431:
427:
421:
417:
411:
406:
401:
399:
394:
389:
387:
386:Nigerian Army
376:
375:
373:
369:
363:
352:
350:
339:
337:
326:
325:
323:
319:
314:
310:
306:
303:
298:
294:
291:
289:
285:
282:
281:Epsom College
278:
274:
271:
267:
263:
259:
256:
252:Stella Ojukwu
247:
243:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
205:
201:
198:
194:
178:
174:
169:
165:
161:
157:
152:
148:
143:
139:
136:
130:
127:
124:
118:
112:
107:
104:
99:
96:
93:
87:
84:
81:
75:
72:
69:
66:
61:
55:
50:
47:
42:
38:
34:
29:
22:
19:
2299:
2252:. Retrieved
2248:
2238:
2226:. Retrieved
2222:the original
2218:THISDAY LIVE
2217:
2207:
2195:. Retrieved
2190:
2181:
2169:. Retrieved
2165:
2155:
2143:. Retrieved
2138:
2129:
2117:. Retrieved
2112:
2103:
2091:. Retrieved
2087:
2077:
2065:. Retrieved
2061:the original
2056:
2047:
2028:
2022:
2010:. Retrieved
2006:
1982:. Retrieved
1970:
1960:
1948:. Retrieved
1944:
1934:
1926:the original
1916:
1904:. Retrieved
1900:
1891:
1883:
1878:
1866:. Retrieved
1861:
1852:
1840:. Retrieved
1836:
1827:
1815:. Retrieved
1811:the original
1806:
1797:
1780:
1761:
1755:
1727:
1721:
1707:
1695:. Retrieved
1684:The Guardian
1683:
1673:
1661:. Retrieved
1646:
1640:
1631:
1625:
1613:. Retrieved
1608:
1599:
1587:. Retrieved
1582:
1545:
1522:. Retrieved
1507:
1500:
1488:. Retrieved
1484:the original
1479:
1474:Madauwuchi.
1469:
1457:. Retrieved
1442:
1435:
1423:. Retrieved
1408:
1401:
1387:
1375:. Retrieved
1365:
1353:. Retrieved
1349:
1340:
1328:. Retrieved
1324:
1314:
1302:. Retrieved
1277:. Retrieved
1273:the Guardian
1272:
1263:
1255:The Republic
1254:
1244:
1232:. Retrieved
1222:
1197:
1193:
1183:
1158:
1154:
1144:
1116:
1097:
1088:
1079:
1070:
1062:the original
1052:
1015:
984:
960:
940:
920:
915:Victor Banjo
912:
900:Hamani Diori
893:
888:
879:
861:Yakubu Gowon
850:
835:
827:
815:J. E. A. Wey
805:(West), and
795:
776:
752:
741:
734:
715:
700:
697:Early career
667:
659:World War II
636:
611:
595:
583:Soviet Union
575:
515:
483:
479:
475:
474:
460:Congo Crisis
456:Battles/wars
209:(2011-11-26)
151:Rivers State
138:Ukpabi Asika
133:Succeeded by
110:
101:Governor of
90:Succeeded by
82:
53:
18:
2426:Igbo people
2346:2011 deaths
2341:1933 births
2171:22 November
2145:22 November
2119:22 November
2093:22 November
1984:27 February
1837:HISTORY.com
1589:13 February
1279:27 February
1039:Igbo people
963:Bianca Onoh
927:Ivory Coast
904:Addis Ababa
881:by General
707:Enugu State
626:Igbo people
616:arranged a
598:Ivory Coast
587:Vietnam War
476:Chukwuemeka
222:Nationality
121:Preceded by
78:Preceded by
2335:Categories
1950:4 February
1663:15 January
1615:15 January
1524:4 February
1490:16 January
1459:2 February
1425:4 February
1045:References
923:starvation
823:Sittu Alao
744:Warminster
737:Eaton Hall
495:politician
321:Allegiance
308:Profession
288:Alma mater
186:1933-11-04
1979:0362-4331
1692:0261-3077
1330:13 August
1214:1462-3528
1175:1462-3528
801:(North),
718:Sir Louis
499:President
269:Education
245:Spouse(s)
111:In office
54:In office
2191:USAfrica
2067:14 March
1945:Guardian
1868:14 March
1842:14 March
1817:14 March
1080:BBC News
1028:See also
761:, under
581:and the
488:Nigerian
299:History)
261:Children
44:1st
2254:4 April
2228:4 April
2197:4 April
757:in the
639:Zungeru
542:England
518:Zungeru
501:of the
446:General
336:Nigeria
193:Zungeru
2035:
1977:
1768:
1744:
1690:
1654:
1558:
1515:
1450:
1416:
1377:22 May
1304:22 May
1234:22 May
1212:
1173:
1132:
1034:Biafra
999:London
896:Niamey
876:Biafra
853:Ibadan
787:Kaduna
563:Yoruba
538:Surrey
383:
362:Biafra
359:
346:
333:
215:London
2012:9 May
1906:9 May
1789:(PDF)
1697:9 May
1552:26–29
1546:Emeka
1508:Emeka
1409:Emeka
1355:9 May
1003:Nnewi
981:Death
759:Congo
748:Hythe
663:Lagos
651:Nnewi
645:, an
559:Hausa
480:Emeka
2256:2014
2230:2014
2199:2014
2173:2020
2147:2020
2121:2020
2095:2020
2069:2017
2057:IPOB
2033:ISBN
2014:2020
1986:2022
1975:ISSN
1952:2019
1908:2020
1870:2017
1844:2017
1819:2017
1766:ISBN
1742:ISBN
1699:2020
1688:ISSN
1665:2017
1652:ISBN
1617:2017
1591:2016
1556:ISBN
1526:2017
1513:ISBN
1492:2017
1461:2017
1448:ISBN
1427:2017
1414:ISBN
1379:2012
1357:2020
1332:2015
1306:2012
1281:2022
1236:2012
1210:ISSN
1171:ISSN
1130:ISBN
975:2007
973:and
971:2003
767:Kano
647:Igbo
561:and
526:Igbo
493:and
429:Rank
297:M.A.
239:APGA
217:, UK
203:Died
176:Born
1732:doi
1202:doi
1163:doi
1122:doi
785:in
703:Udi
593:.
536:in
235:NPN
2337::
2247:.
2216:.
2189:.
2164:.
2137:.
2111:.
2086:.
2055:.
2005:.
1994:^
1973:.
1969:.
1943:.
1899:.
1860:.
1835:.
1805:.
1740:,
1686:.
1682:.
1607:.
1581:.
1570:^
1554:.
1534:^
1478:.
1348:.
1323:.
1289:^
1271:.
1253:.
1208:.
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