42:
490:
116:, she is more often shown as a fierce skull-faced old woman carrying the spears and shield of a warrior. Childbirth was sometimes compared to warfare and the women who died in childbirth were honored as fallen warriors. Their spirits, the
410:
translated and edited by Arthur J.O. Anderson and
Charles Dibble, Monographs of the school of American research, no 14. 13. parts Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press
1117:
1332:
120:, were depicted with skeletal faces like Cihuacōātl. Like her, the Cihuateteo were thought to haunt crossroads at night to steal children.
68:
540:
72:
447:
1107:
1337:
140:
supervised the internal affairs of the land as opposed to the Aztec ruler, who oversaw the affairs of the Aztec state. The
99:, whom she abandoned at a crossroads. Tradition says that she often returns there to weep for her lost son, only to find a
1347:
367:
336:
1402:
1282:
1227:
1322:
440:
1453:
1443:
109:
Cihuacōātl held political symbolism as she represented victory for the Mexica state and the ruling class.
1377:
312:
1182:
1142:
17:
1448:
1352:
1222:
1197:
1438:
1433:
433:
1257:
627:
41:
1066:
510:
76:
1242:
927:
922:
1302:
474:
1382:
736:
144:
commanded the army of
Tenochtitlan to the emperor. During the course of the 15th century AD,
31:
1267:
478:
45:
Stone statue of Cihuacōātl, showing her framed by the mouth of a serpent, holding an ear of
1412:
1392:
1372:
1362:
1357:
1292:
1272:
1252:
1237:
1232:
1207:
1112:
1087:
917:
422:
by Diego Duran, translated and edited by
Fernando Horcasitas and Doris Heyden, Chapter XIII
8:
1297:
1212:
1061:
644:
617:
568:
578:
1152:
881:
741:
721:
548:
498:
403:, edited by Gordon Ekholm and Ignacio Bernal, vol. 10, pp. 395–445. Austin, Tex., 1971.
328:
1397:
1202:
1033:
861:
816:
716:
676:
373:
363:
342:
332:
701:
1367:
1187:
1127:
1097:
1092:
1023:
786:
746:
666:
607:
595:
201:
35:
1312:
1028:
1262:
1192:
1157:
978:
751:
573:
558:
456:
321:
100:
57:
871:
706:
323:
An
Illustrated Dictionary of the Gods and Symbols of Ancient Mexico and the Maya
113:
1307:
1137:
771:
1177:
1102:
952:
826:
1427:
1172:
947:
766:
761:
731:
726:
691:
681:
470:
222:
1327:
866:
612:
377:
346:
1407:
1387:
1247:
1132:
1122:
998:
962:
891:
831:
821:
632:
600:
520:
515:
133:
80:
1342:
1317:
1287:
1277:
1167:
1162:
1147:
1082:
1038:
1018:
993:
896:
876:
836:
622:
416:
by Diego Durán, translated, annoted and with introduction by Doris Heyden
230:
153:
64:
932:
637:
553:
1217:
1013:
988:
957:
937:
912:
696:
525:
316:
226:
177:
117:
1003:
1056:
942:
856:
851:
756:
157:
145:
88:
983:
590:
811:
796:
791:
776:
671:
661:
563:
529:
359:
165:
96:
425:
399:
Nicholson, Henry B. “Religion in Pre-Hispanic
Central Mexico.” In
841:
801:
781:
711:
656:
112:
Although she was sometimes depicted as a young woman, similar to
63:
Cihuacōātl was especially associated with midwives, and with the
30:
This article is about the goddess. For the political title, see
886:
806:
489:
394:
Rethinking
Cihuacoatl: Political Imagery of the Conquered Woman
353:
206:
161:
103:
92:
56:
was one of a number of motherhood and fertility goddesses in
46:
846:
234:
84:
132:
was used as a title for one of the low functionaries of
311:
408:
Florentine Codex: History of the Things of New Spain,
280:
278:
276:
274:
272:
83:create the current race of humanity by grinding up
320:
269:
1425:
295:The Oxford Encyclopedia of Mesoamerican Cultures
123:
441:
67:where midwives practiced. She is paired with
448:
434:
293:Baquedano, Elizabeth. "Earth Deities." In
354:Read, Kay Almere; Jason González (2000).
71:and was considered a protectress of the
60:. She was sometimes known as Quilaztli.
40:
1333:Romances de los señores de Nueva España
297:. : Oxford University Press, 2001.
14:
1426:
414:The History of the Indies of New Spain
200:
429:
75:people and patroness of the city of
455:
406:Sahagún, Bernardino de, 1950–1982,
401:Handbook of Middle American Indians
24:
386:
356:Handbook of Mesoamerican Mythology
284:Miller and Taube 1993, 2003, p.61.
257:Miller and Taube 1993, 2003, p.60.
25:
1465:
1228:Lienzo de Coixtlahuaca I & II
473:: Ometēcuthli and Omecihuātl (or
488:
34:. For the Codex Cihuacoatl, see
1403:Codex Vindobonensis Mexicanus I
1283:Oztoticpac Lands Map of Texcoco
1233:Lienzo de Santa María Nativitas
420:The Book of the Gods and Rites,
1243:Lienzo de Zacatepec I & II
287:
260:
251:
215:
191:
13:
1:
304:
95:. She is also the mother of
244:
7:
1378:Historia Tolteca-Chichimeca
1238:Lienzo de Santiago Ihuitlan
202:[s̻iwaˈkoː(ʷ)aːt͡ɬ]
171:
124:Functionary of Tenochtitlan
10:
1470:
1338:Codex Santa Maria Asunción
1118:Boban Aztec Calendar Wheel
29:
1353:Codex Telleriano-Remensis
1143:Mapas de Cuauhtinchan 1-4
1113:Codices Becker I & II
1075:
1047:
971:
905:
539:
497:
486:
463:
136:, the Aztec capital. The
91:, and mixing it with his
1293:Plano en papel de maguey
1103:Codices Azoyú I & II
184:
1088:Aubin Manuscript no. 20
180:(a similar modern myth)
1223:Lienzo Antonio de León
198:Nahuatl pronunciation:
50:
1383:Codex Totomixtlahuaca
1323:Relación de Michoacán
1273:Códice Maya de México
1258:Matrícula de Tributos
1183:Codex Fejérváry-Mayer
628:Tlāhuizcalpantecuhtli
152:under four emperors:
44:
32:Cihuacoatl (position)
1413:Codex Zouche-Nuttall
1363:Anales de Tlatelolco
1253:Codex Magliabechiano
503:(Four Tezcatlipocas)
1454:Childhood goddesses
1444:Fertility goddesses
1303:Codex Porfirio Díaz
1298:Primeros Memoriales
1213:Codex Ixtlilxochitl
1208:Humboldt fragment 1
1198:Códice de Huichapan
1108:Badianus Manuscript
1062:The Stinking Corpse
329:Thames & Hudson
1268:Crónica Mexicayotl
1153:Codex Chimalpopoca
742:Itzpapalotlcihuatl
722:Huitztlampaehecatl
583:Tezcatlipoca (see
549:Lords of the Night
51:
1421:
1420:
1398:Codex Vaticanus B
1358:Tira de Tepechpan
1203:Codex Huexotzinco
1148:Codex Chimalpahin
1067:Use of entheogens
1034:Tlillan-Tlapallan
928:Centzon Tōtōchtin
923:Centzonhuītznāhua
649:Acuecueyotl (see
504:
266:Read 2000, p.147.
49:in her left hand.
16:(Redirected from
1461:
1449:Mother goddesses
1368:Codex Tlatelolco
1188:Codex Florentine
1128:Codex Borbonicus
1098:Codex Azcatitlan
1093:Aubin Tonalamatl
1024:Thirteen Heavens
787:Mictlanpachecatl
747:Itzpapalotltotec
667:Chalchiuhtotolin
608:Lords of the Day
502:
492:
450:
443:
436:
427:
426:
392:Klein, Cecelia.
381:
350:
326:
298:
291:
285:
282:
267:
264:
258:
255:
238:
219:
213:
204:
199:
195:
36:Codex Borbonicus
21:
1469:
1468:
1464:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1459:
1458:
1439:Death goddesses
1434:Aztec goddesses
1424:
1423:
1422:
1417:
1263:Codex Mexicanus
1193:Codex Huamantla
1168:Codex Cozcatzin
1158:Codex Colombino
1071:
1049:
1043:
967:
918:Centzonmīmixcōa
901:
752:Itztlacoliuhqui
651:Chalchiuhtlicue
574:Piltzintecuhtli
559:Chalchiuhtlicue
535:
511:Huītzilōpōchtli
501:
493:
484:
459:
457:Aztec mythology
454:
396:. Oxford, 1988.
389:
387:Further reading
384:
370:
339:
307:
302:
301:
292:
288:
283:
270:
265:
261:
256:
252:
247:
242:
241:
220:
216:
197:
196:
192:
187:
174:
126:
58:Aztec mythology
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1467:
1457:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1419:
1418:
1416:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1393:Anales de Tula
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1308:Mapa Quinatzin
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1138:Codex Boturini
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1079:
1077:
1073:
1072:
1070:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1053:
1051:
1045:
1044:
1042:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1001:
999:Huēyi Teōcalli
996:
991:
986:
981:
975:
973:
969:
968:
966:
965:
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
915:
909:
907:
903:
902:
900:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
819:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
772:Malinalxochitl
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
674:
669:
664:
659:
654:
647:
642:
641:
640:
635:
630:
625:
620:
618:Mictēcacihuātl
615:
605:
604:
603:
598:
593:
588:
581:
576:
571:
569:Mictlāntēcutli
566:
561:
556:
545:
543:
537:
536:
534:
533:
523:
518:
513:
507:
505:
495:
494:
487:
485:
483:
482:
475:Tōnacātēcuhtli
467:
465:
461:
460:
453:
452:
445:
438:
430:
424:
423:
417:
411:
404:
397:
388:
385:
383:
382:
368:
351:
337:
308:
306:
303:
300:
299:
286:
268:
259:
249:
248:
246:
243:
240:
239:
214:
189:
188:
186:
183:
182:
181:
173:
170:
125:
122:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1466:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1429:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1348:Mapa Sigüenza
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1313:Codex Ramírez
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1173:Codex Dresden
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1052:
1046:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
976:
974:
970:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
948:Ehecatotontli
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
910:
908:
904:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
767:Macuilxochitl
765:
763:
762:Macuiltochtli
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
732:Ilamatecuhtli
730:
728:
727:Huixtocihuatl
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
692:Cihuatecayotl
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
655:
652:
648:
646:
645:Acolnahuacatl
643:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
610:
609:
606:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
586:
582:
580:
577:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
551:
550:
547:
546:
544:
542:
538:
531:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
508:
506:
500:
496:
491:
480:
479:Tōnacācihuātl
476:
472:
469:
468:
466:
462:
458:
451:
446:
444:
439:
437:
432:
431:
428:
421:
418:
415:
412:
409:
405:
402:
398:
395:
391:
390:
379:
375:
371:
369:1-85109-340-0
365:
361:
357:
352:
348:
344:
340:
338:0-500-27928-4
334:
330:
325:
324:
318:
314:
310:
309:
296:
290:
281:
279:
277:
275:
273:
263:
254:
250:
236:
232:
228:
224:
223:Ilamatecuhtli
218:
212:
209:woman", also
208:
203:
194:
190:
179:
176:
175:
169:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
121:
119:
115:
110:
107:
105:
102:
98:
94:
90:
89:previous ages
86:
82:
79:. She helped
78:
74:
70:
66:
61:
59:
55:
48:
43:
37:
33:
27:Aztec goddess
19:
1408:Codex Xolotl
1388:Codex Tudela
1373:Mapa Tloztin
1248:Codex Madrid
1133:Codex Borgia
1123:Codex Bodley
1048:Beliefs and
1007:
963:Xiuhtotontli
892:Yacatecuhtli
872:Xōchiquetzal
832:Tlacotzontli
822:Temazcalteci
817:Tēcciztēcatl
717:Huēhuecoyōtl
707:Coyolxāuhqui
686:
677:Chicomecōātl
650:
633:Tlaltecuhtli
601:Xiuhtecuhtli
585:Creator gods
584:
521:Tezcatlipoca
516:Quetzalcoatl
499:Creator gods
419:
413:
407:
400:
393:
355:
322:
313:Miller, Mary
294:
289:
262:
253:
217:
210:
193:
149:
141:
137:
134:Tenochtitlan
129:
127:
114:Xōchiquetzal
111:
108:
81:Quetzalcoatl
65:sweat lodges
62:
53:
52:
1343:Selden Roll
1318:Codex Reese
1288:Paris Codex
1278:Codex Osuna
1178:Codex Durán
1163:Codex Cospi
1083:Aubin Codex
1019:Teotihuacan
994:Chicomoztoc
953:Tiānquiztli
897:Zacatzontli
877:Xochitlicue
837:Tlalocayotl
827:Tepoztēcatl
737:Ītzpāpālōtl
623:Nanahuatzin
596:Tlazōlteōtl
579:Tepēyōllōtl
464:Primordials
231:Tlazolteotl
154:Moctezuma I
101:sacrificial
1428:Categories
1328:Codex Ríos
1218:Codex Laud
1014:Tamoanchan
1008:Underworld
989:Cemanahuac
958:Tzitzimitl
938:Cihuateteo
913:Ahuiateteo
867:Xōchipilli
697:Cipactonal
687:Cihuacōātl
613:Citlālicue
526:Xipe Totec
358:. Oxford:
327:. London:
317:Karl Taube
305:References
227:Teteoinnan
211:Cihuacóatl
178:La Llorona
150:cihuacoatl
148:served as
142:cihuacoatl
138:cihuacoatl
130:cihuacoatl
118:Cihuateteo
54:Cihuacōātl
18:Cihuacoatl
1057:Five Suns
943:Civateteo
857:Tonantzin
852:Toltecatl
757:Ixtlilton
702:Cōātlīcue
319:(2003) .
245:Citations
221:See also
158:Axayacatl
146:Tlacaelel
128:The name
87:from the
77:Culhuacan
69:Quilaztli
1050:practice
1029:Tlālōcān
933:Cintēteo
812:Patecatl
797:Opochtli
792:Mixcoatl
777:Mayahuel
682:Chīmalmā
672:Chantico
662:Atlacoya
638:Tōnatiuh
564:Cinteotl
554:Centeōtl
530:Camaxtle
471:Ōmeteōtl
378:43879188
360:ABC-CLIO
347:28801551
172:See also
166:Ahuizotl
97:Mixcoatl
73:Chalmeca
1076:Codices
1004:Mictlān
979:Anahuac
862:Xilonen
842:Tlilhua
802:Oxomoco
782:Metztli
712:Ehecatl
657:Atlahua
541:Deities
1039:Tōllān
984:Aztlán
972:Places
906:Groups
887:Xolotl
882:Xocotl
807:Painal
591:Tláloc
376:
366:
345:
335:
233:, and
1006:(The
207:snake
185:Notes
162:Tizoc
104:knife
93:blood
85:bones
47:maize
847:Toci
528:(or
477:and
374:OCLC
364:ISBN
343:OCLC
333:ISBN
235:Toci
164:and
205:, "
106:.
1430::
372:.
362:.
341:.
331:.
315:;
271:^
229:,
225:,
168:.
160:,
156:,
1010:)
653:)
587:)
532:)
481:)
449:e
442:t
435:v
380:.
349:.
237:.
38:.
20:)
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