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The
Evangelical revival in Scotland encouraged both much stricter conditions being placed on admission to Holy Communion and the maintenance of traditional discipline within the established church. ... Lesser transgressors could be ordered by the kirk session to stand before the congregation for up
859:
In fact, it was scandal of disunity within
Methodism that led UMC leaders to address the issue of racism as the underlying cause. ... The petition for forgiveness proceeded on two distinct but interrelated levels. Each of the approximately 3,000 persons in the assemble was called to silent personal
607:
named Silas associated with the religious organization Opus Dei, wears a cilice in the form of a spiked belt around his thigh. The sensationalized depiction in the novel has been criticized for its inaccuracy in subsequent books and by Opus Dei itself, which issued a press release responding to the
233:, was worn by people repenting. Cilices were designed to irritate the skin; other features were added to make cilices more uncomfortable, such as thin wires or twigs. In modern Christian religious circles, cilices are simply any device worn for the same purposes, often taking the form of a
608:
movie's depiction of the practice, claiming "In reality, they cause a fairly low level of discomfort comparable to fasting. There is no blood, no injury, nothing to harm a person's health, nothing traumatic. If it caused any harm, the Church would not allow it."
370:
site, indicating the widespread manufacturing of cilices. Ian Hodder has argued that "self-injuring clothing was an essential component of the Catalhöyük culturo-ritual entanglement, representing 'cleansing' and 'lightness'."
567:
the character Eliza Fields is dressed in a cilice by nuns as a sadomasochistic punishment after having admitted to feelings of sexual arousal during her prior capture by a group of
783:
The
Augsburg Confession: A Brief Review of Its History and an Interpretation of Its Doctrinal Articles, with Introductory Discussions on Confessional Questions
615:, presented for safe keeping by Margaret Clement, was long in the custody of the community of Augustinian canonesses who until 1983 lived at the convent at
378:
custom to wear a hairshirt (sackcloth) when "mourning or in a public show of repentance for sin" (Genesis 37:34, 2 Samuel 3:31, Esther 4:1). In the
1362:
1335:
579:. The cilice has been interpreted as a deliberate narrative device to muddy the historical accuracy of the novel and point to the relevance of
526:, communicants, along with receiving ashes, also receive a piece of sackcloth "as a reminder of our own sinful ways and need for repentance".
1164:
892:
to three
Sundays, sometimes wearing sackcloth, and publicly acknowledge their sins before 'being subjected to a "rant" from the minister'.
1281:
619:, Devon. Some sources, including one from 2004, claimed that the shirt was then at the Martyr's church on the Weld family's estate in
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1460:
1087:
1345:
980:
959:
Sackcloth was worn during times of mourning and repentance, usually while sitting atop ashes (Gn 37:34; 1Kg 21:27; Mt 11:21).
952:
568:
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confession of the sin of racism before God, publicly symbolized by receiving ... sackcloth ... and the imposition of ashes.
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884:
852:
821:
764:
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497:, an American Catholic writer, its practice in the Catholic Church is "more widespread than many observers imagine".
358:
There is some evidence, based on analyses of both clothing represented in art and preserved skin imprint patterns at
1060:
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604:
512:
1390:
Opus Dei: An
Objective Look Behind the Myths and Reality of the Most Controversial Force in the Catholic Church
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426:
1182:
391:
221:
Hairshirt cilices were originally made from coarse animal hair, as an imitation of the garment worn by
195:
191:
906:
The
Sanctity of Louis IX: Early Lives of Saint Louis by Geoffrey of Beaulieu and William of Chartres
386:
wore "a garment of camel's hair" as a means of repentance (Matthew 3:4). As such, adherents of many
362:
in Turkey, that the usage of the cilice predates written history. This finding has been mirrored at
1247:
Phillips, Mike (2019). Alberts, Crystal; Paul Eve, Martin; Freer, Joanna; Pöhlmann, Sascha (eds.).
575:
plant, that
Pynchon’s character experiences appears to be based on those used by the 20th century
597:
454:
434:
731:
725:
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813:
297:
166:) worn close to the skin. It is used by members of various Christian traditions (including the
1444:
787:
398:, especially for sins relating to lavishly adorning oneself (cf. 1 Peter 3:3, 1 Timothy 2:9).
1427:
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48:
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The importance of
Penance and Mortification for those who desire to become a Catholic Saint
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regularly endured a hair shirt as well as self- imposed flagellation and fasting routines.
8:
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1282:"Captivity without Redemption: Pynchon's Allegories of Empire in Mason & Dixon"
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Liturgy and
Sacrament, Mystagogy and Martyrdom: Essays in Theological Exegesis
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Ian Hodder, "Çatalhöyük: The
Leopard's Tale", Thames & Hudson, 2006.
288:("But as for me, when they were sick, my clothing was sackcloth" in the
1265:
490:
486:
354:'s hairshirt cilice (16th century). The tsar wanted to die like a monk.
271:
112:
461:
wore a cilice during Lent to repent of the indirect role he played in
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was found to be wearing a hairshirt at the time of his death in 1460.
42:
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226:
179:
21:
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429:, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Germany, famously wore one in the
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267:
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1165:"St. Thomas More's hair shirt now enshrined for public veneration"
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516:
515:, penitents were dressed in sackcloth and called in front of the
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275:
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155:
82:
28:
1420:
1088:"The spiritual symbolism of John the Baptist's unusual clothing"
904:
Beaulieu, Geoffrey of; Chartres, William of (29 November 2013).
274:. The reputed first Scriptural use of this exact term is in the
564:
414:
375:
341:
313:
279:
52:
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Ecclesial Repentance: The Churches Confront Their Sinful Pasts
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Brothers and Sisters of the Immaculate Conception continue an
20:
This article is about a garment. For the material itself, see
337:
254:
230:
931:
A Dictionary of Miracles: Imitative, Realistic, and Dogmatic
877:
Eighteenth Century Britain: Religion and Politics 1714-1815
808:
Nineteenth-Century Religion and Literature: An Introduction
572:
207:
534:
623:, Dorset. In 2011 the shirt was put on public display at
139:
133:
1296:
947:. B&H Publishing Group. 15 June 2017. p. 1404.
727:
A Dictionary of Biblical Tradition in English Literature
485:
who are celibate (about 30% of the membership), and the
538:
Closeup of a metal chain cilice with inwardly-pointing
285:"Ego autem, cum mihi molesti essent, induebar cilicio."
1181:
Michael Barrett, a priest of Opus Dei (17 May 2006).
142:
130:
1201:
634:
481:
convent of St. Teresa in Livorno, Italy, members of
136:
47:
A hairshirt belonging to a Christian, with a set of
1224:. St Paul's United Methodist Church. Archived from
897:
755:Stravinskas, Peter M. J.; Shaw, Russell B. (1998).
504:, wore hairshirts as a part of their spirituality.
127:
748:
465:'s death. In modern times they have been used by
1431:. Vol. 7. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
799:
797:
1452:
903:
1149:. London: The Folio Society. pp. 299, 314.
1081:
1079:
754:
519:, where they were ordered to admit their sins.
1445:Suffering and Sainthood in the Catholic Church
1249:"Nose-gaping: The Smells of Mason & Dixon"
1162:
804:Knight, Mark; Mason, Emma (16 November 2006).
794:
759:. Our Sunday Visitor Publishing. p. 483.
571:. The spiked form of cilice, fashioned from a
1333:
390:denominations have worn sackcloth to repent,
1076:
401:Cilices have been used for centuries in the
1158:
1156:
870:
868:
803:
457:are known to have used them. Scottish king
283:
257:
1418:
1176:
1174:
757:Our Sunday Visitor's Catholic Encyclopedia
717:
218:, and other Fridays of the Lenten season.
55:that tightens the garment around the waist
41:
1360:
1264:
836:
405:as a mild form of bodily penance akin to
51:hanging off a belt loop used to hold the
1246:
1153:
1085:
908:. Cornell University Press. p. 89.
865:
786:. Lutheran Publication Society. p.
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346:
327:
202:, it is often worn during the Christian
99:
16:Coarse garment important to Christianity
1253:Orbit: A Journal of American Literature
1171:
773:
723:
677:
162:made of coarse cloth or animal hair (a
111:, Church of San Miguel and San Julian,
1453:
1279:
1144:
971:Morrow, Jeffrey L. (13 October 2020).
970:
928:
842:
730:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p.
500:Some high church Anglicans, including
262:, a covering made of goat's hair from
107:in cilice. Polychrome wood carving by
1386:
1302:
1207:
1195:
1183:"Opus Dei and Corporal Mortification"
922:
874:
529:
1441:(with photograph of a 16c hairshirt)
1367:. Gracewing Publishing. p. 42.
779:
413:was wearing a hairshirt when he was
1219:
1163:Simon Caldwell (21 November 2016).
1086:Kosloski, Philip (29 August 2019).
843:Bergen, Jeremy M. (31 March 2011).
812:. Oxford University Press. p.
583:in the contemporary United States.
13:
1308:
669:
316:, or is associated as a symbol of
14:
1497:
1419:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1910).
1412:
933:. Chatto and Windus. p. 56.
929:Brewer, Ebenezer Cobham (1884).
637:
493:use of the cilice. According to
225:that was made of camel hair, or
123:
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627:, near Buckfastleigh in Devon.
522:In some Methodist churches, on
425:was buried in a hairshirt, and
1461:Catholic penitential practices
1364:Shrines of Our Lady in England
937:
847:. A&C Black. p. 255.
671:
374:In Biblical times, it was the
1:
1220:Ice, Roy E. (11 March 2017).
1198:, pp. 165, 169, 171–173.
999:. Online Etymology Dictionary
975:. Wipf and Stock Publishers.
875:Yates, Nigel (11 June 2014).
780:Neve, Juergen Ludwig (1914).
710:
292:). The term is translated as
1280:Madsen, Deborah Lea (2016).
244:
237:as well as a (spiked metal)
186:churches) as a self-imposed
7:
1476:Catholic religious clothing
1018:"The History of Hairshirts"
630:
74:Coarse cloth or animal hair
10:
1502:
1185:(Press release). Opus Dei.
724:Jeffrey, David L. (1992).
312:. Sackcloth can also mean
196:mortification of the flesh
18:
879:. Routledge. p. 87.
676:For relevant passage see
421:reputedly wore a cilice,
88:
78:
70:
60:
40:
1387:Allen Jr., John (2006).
663:
320:, a form of hairshirt.
27:Not to be confused with
435:Investiture Controversy
278:(Latin) translation of
1334:David Hilliam (2010).
1320:Catholic Encyclopaedia
1145:Barlow, Frank (2002).
542:
455:St. Therese of Lisieux
447:St. Ignatius of Loyola
355:
344:
336:at St. Aspais Church,
323:
284:
258:
229:which, throughout the
115:
1428:Catholic Encyclopedia
1395:Doubleday_(publisher)
1337:Little Book of Dorset
1167:. Catholic Telegraph.
617:Abbotskerswell Priory
559:, upon arriving at a
537:
502:Edward Bouverie Pusey
443:St. Francis of Assisi
350:
331:
310:Book of Common Prayer
200:instrument of penance
184:Scottish Presbyterian
103:
1486:Christian asceticism
1471:Corporal punishments
1290:University of Geneva
511:, influenced by the
507:In the Presbyterian
332:Hairshirt cilice of
1305:, pp. 162–163.
645:Christianity portal
513:evangelical revival
479:Discalced Carmelite
439:Henry the Navigator
154:, was originally a
37:
1436:On the Latin word
1361:Anne Vail (2004).
1266:10.16995/orbit.768
581:historical slavery
543:
530:In popular culture
509:Church of Scotland
356:
345:
298:Douay–Rheims Bible
150:, also known as a
116:
93:Post-Exilic period
35:
1422:"Hairshirt"
1347:978-0-7524-6265-3
1340:. History Press.
1316:"St. Thomas More"
982:978-1-5326-9382-3
954:978-1-4336-4811-3
684:Mason & Dixon
611:The goat hair of
593:The Da Vinci Code
556:Mason & Dixon
553:historical novel
392:mortify the flesh
352:Ivan the Terrible
253:derives from the
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431:Walk to Canossa
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554:
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521:
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475:Pope Paul VI
400:
373:
364:Göbekli Tepe
357:
301:
293:
250:
248:
239:chain cilice
238:
234:
220:
163:
160:undergarment
151:
119:
117:
65:Undergarment
49:prayer beads
1222:"Sackcloth"
1123:1 Peter 3:3
1112:Matthew 3:4
613:Thomas More
598:antagonists
588:Dan Brown's
563:college in
433:during the
423:Charlemagne
419:St. Patrick
216:Good Friday
204:penitential
1455:Categories
1303:Allen 2006
1208:Allen 2006
1196:Allen 2006
1097:9 February
1072:Esther 4:1
1027:2024-03-05
1003:2012-06-30
711:References
551:postmodern
495:John Allen
487:Franciscan
463:his father
366:, another
360:Çatalhöyük
294:hair-cloth
272:Asia Minor
266:, a Roman
206:season of
192:repentance
113:Valladolid
89:Introduced
1022:Handwoven
477:. In the
437:. Prince
388:Christian
368:Anatolian
334:St. Louis
302:sackcloth
300:, and as
249:The word
245:Etymology
227:sackcloth
180:Methodist
164:hairshirt
152:sackcloth
22:Sackcloth
1466:Opus Dei
1438:cilicium
1232:27 March
997:"Cilice"
631:See also
621:Chideock
605:numerary
577:Opus Dei
549:’s 1997
483:Opus Dei
459:James IV
427:Henry IV
415:martyred
394:or as a
318:mourning
268:province
259:cilicium
198:; as an
176:Anglican
172:Lutheran
168:Catholic
71:Material
1092:Aleteia
693:Vintage
689:Reading
658:Hessian
653:Fasting
517:chancel
491:ascetic
407:fasting
396:penance
304:in the
296:in the
282:35:13,
276:Vulgate
264:Cilicia
156:garment
83:Cilicia
29:Chalice
1401:
1371:
1344:
979:
951:
912:
883:
851:
820:
763:
738:
699:
602:albino
590:novel
565:Quebec
561:Jesuit
473:, and
376:Jewish
342:France
314:burlap
251:cilice
182:, and
120:cilice
53:girdle
36:Cilice
1259:(1).
829:Pusey
664:Notes
600:, an
540:tines
338:Melun
280:Psalm
255:Latin
231:Bible
188:means
1399:ISBN
1369:ISBN
1342:ISBN
1234:2017
1099:2022
977:ISBN
949:ISBN
910:ISBN
881:ISBN
849:ISBN
818:ISBN
761:ISBN
736:ISBN
697:ISBN
573:rose
453:and
308:and
208:Lent
194:and
61:Type
1261:doi
788:150
732:673
586:In
545:In
324:Use
190:of
170:,
158:or
1457::
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1397:.
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814:96
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672:^α
469:,
449:,
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417:,
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178:,
174:,
118:A
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146:/
143:s
140:ɪ
137:l
134:ɪ
131:s
128:ˈ
125:/
31:.
24:.
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