48:
3558:
This rule is generally employed in the pronunciation guide of our articles, even for local terms such as place names. However, be aware that not all editors may have followed this consistently, so for example if a pronunciation of an
English town ending in ‑ford reads /‑fəd/, it doesn't mean that the
3374:
regardless of the variety of
English and everyone should interpret that transcription according to their own dialect. Thus, a person from South East England will read it as something like , a Scot as , whereas someone from New Zealand will interpret that transcription as . Because we are transcribing
65:
It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of
English in Knowledge articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without
223:). If this is the case, you will pronounce those symbols the same for other words as well. Whether this is true for all words, or just when the sounds occur in the same context, depends on the merger. The footnotes explain some of these cases.
3443:
Note that place names are not generally exempted from being transcribed in this abstracted system, so rules such as the above must be applied in order to recover the local pronunciation. Examples include place names in much of
England ending
145:). The following tables list the IPA symbols used for English words and pronunciations. Please note that several of these symbols are used in ways that are specific to Knowledge, and differ from those used by dictionaries.
5109:
is analyzed by some scholars as having secondary stress. For simplicity, we follow
British rather than American English conventions, only marking secondary stress when it occurs before, not after, the primary
2941:
On the other hand, there are some distinctions which you might make but which this key does not encode, as they are seldom reflected in the dictionaries used as sources for
Knowledge articles:
5027:-less vowel is used only in British or Southern Hemisphere accents, and therefore a transcription that includes it must always be prefaced with a label indicating the variety of English. If
6713:
5649:. Vol. 1: An Introduction (pp. i–xx, 1–278), Vol. 2: The British Isles (pp. i–xx, 279–466), Vol. 3: Beyond the British Isles (pp. i–xx, 467–674). Cambridge University Press.
4502:, including many younger speakers. In England, the merger may not be fully consistent and may only apply to more common words. In conservative RP and Northern England English
4933:⟩ may be pronounced as two syllables, or , or as one, or . When pronounced as one syllable in a non-rhotic accent, it may be indistinguishable from, and identified as, the
4900:⟩ may be pronounced as two syllables, or , or as one, or . When pronounced as one syllable in a non-rhotic accent, it may be indistinguishable from, and identified as, the
3501:
If your browser does not display IPA symbols, you probably need to install a font that includes the IPA (for good, free IPA fonts, see the download links in the articles for
7494:
6570:
3437:
2118:
220:
7025:
4567:
is not used in the dialects of the northern half of
England, some bordering parts of Wales, and some broad eastern Ireland accents. These words would take the
5616:
Stuart-Smith, Jane (2004). "Scottish
English: phonology". In Schneider, Edgar W.; Burridge, Kate; Kortmann, Bernd; Mesthrie, Rajend; Upton, Clive (eds.).
4757:
are kept distinct in
American accents because of the difference in morphological structure, but may be homophonous in Australian.) In these accents, weak
3517:
2073:⟩ does not mean that the vowels transcribed with it are always longer than those without it. When unstressed, followed by a voiceless consonant, or in a
35:
5102:
2860:
86:
4134:
with one of the short vowels), and less than a fifth of speakers of
American English make a full three-way distinction like in RP and similar accents.
5494:
5063:
in those dictionaries is merely a notational convention and does not correspond to any vowel in any accent of English, so a transcription containing
5106:
4471:
such as Scottish English, Canadian English and many varieties of General American. In North America, the two vowels most often fall together with
3452:. This is best practice for editors. However, readers should be aware that not all editors may have followed this consistently, so for example if
6639:
7501:
7521:
5143:
3387:
as pronounced by someone from New Zealand overlaps with how people with England and Scotland typically pronounce the first vowel in
7045:
7030:
7080:
7015:
6827:
6606:
5706:
4082:
is often pronounced like a diphthong before nasal consonants and, in some particular regional dialects, other environments. See
55:
6701:
7431:
7259:
6890:
6811:
4397:⟩, particularly in British literature, based on its modern realization in Received Pronunciation. It is also transcribed with ⟨
3836:
4686:. When followed by a weak vowel, the syllable may be lost altogether, with the consonant moving to the next syllable, so that
7337:
5689:
5606:
5532:
1548:
7095:
7070:
6905:
6580:
5089:
3533:
3481:
3472:
If you feel it is necessary to add a pronunciation respelling using another convention, then please use the conventions of
3124:
3003:, distinguished in Scottish English, Irish English and by a minority of American speakers. Both of them are transcribed as
182:
178:
7106:
7035:
7020:
6877:
7488:
7456:
6920:
6895:
6632:
5759:
5662:
155:
If you are adding a pronunciation using this key, such pronunciations should generally be formatted using the template
2569:
separate from the rest, but in the General American accent all three vowels are the same and may not be distinct from
7413:
7402:
7275:
7195:
7060:
6994:
6963:
6776:
6732:
6575:
5632:
4552:
3528:
3473:
7141:
6801:
6565:
5673:
5669:
5665:
3523:
3491:, which lists the conventions of eight English dictionaries published in Britain, Australia, and the United States.
3488:
2294:
Speakers of some rhotic dialects, for instance in Ireland and Scotland, may not distinguish between the vowels of
7075:
7050:
6781:
5768:
4104:
3538:
3480:
To compare the following IPA symbols with non-IPA American dictionary conventions that may be more familiar, see
137:
59:
3852:⟩ may be counterintuitive to English speakers, but the spelling is found even in some common English words like
188:
The words given as examples for two different symbols may sound the same to you. For example, you may pronounce
7426:
7126:
7121:
7065:
7055:
7040:
6689:
5598:
5492:
Bauer, Laurie; Warren, Paul; Bardsley, Dianne; Kennedy, Marianna; Major, George (2007). "New Zealand English".
3408:
165:. The template provides tooltips for each symbol in the pronunciation. See the template page for instructions.
4506:
is much more commonly preserved than in modern RP and Southern England English. In Australia and New Zealand,
4333:⟩ represent strong vowels in some words and weak vowels in others. It will not always be clear which they are.
2283:, pronouncing the two words as rhymes. If you speak such a dialect, ignore the difference between the symbols
6625:
5845:
4548:
3968:
3157:, distinguished in most parts of Canada and many parts of the United States. Both of them are transcribed as
3142:, distinguished in many parts of Scotland, plus many parts of North America. Both of them are transcribed as
7451:
6973:
6910:
6790:
6786:
3172:
distinguished in most parts of Canada and some parts of the United States. Both of them are transcribed as
6007:
5120:
5081:
5077:
5052:
5048:
5020:
5008:
5001:
4994:
4975:
4967:
4963:
4950:
4946:
4942:
4938:
4930:
4917:
4913:
4909:
4905:
4897:
4884:
4880:
4876:
4872:
4861:
4857:
4853:
4849:
4833:
4829:
4825:
4821:
4817:
4813:
4809:
4805:
4801:
4797:
4796:
by Merriam-Webster, but no other dictionary uniformly follows this practice. Hence the difference between
4793:
4789:
4785:
4762:
4758:
4730:
4726:
4718:
4705:
4701:
4697:
4690:
4683:
4679:
4675:
4671:
4667:
4663:
4659:
4632:
4628:
4616:
4612:
4608:
4604:
4600:
4596:
4592:
4568:
4564:
4544:
4540:
4536:
4532:
4519:
4515:
4511:
4507:
4503:
4488:
4484:
4472:
4457:
4453:
4398:
4394:
4390:
4378:
4374:
4370:
4366:
4362:
4354:
4330:
4326:
4306:
4302:
4298:
4294:
4290:
4286:
4278:
4274:
4270:
4266:
4249:
4245:
4241:
4237:
4233:
4217:
4213:
4209:
4208:
with one. Most pronounce them the same. For the former group of words, make use of syllable breaks, as in
4151:
4147:
4131:
4127:
4123:
4119:
4084:
4079:
4062:
4058:
4041:
4037:
4033:
4017:
4013:
4000:
3996:
3972:
3955:
3951:
3930:
3926:
3918:
3914:
3881:
3865:
3849:
3821:
3817:
3804:
3797:
3793:
3789:
3785:
3781:
3777:
3773:
3769:
3757:
3753:
3749:
3745:
3737:
3730:
3723:
3719:
3715:
3711:
3707:
3703:
3699:
3691:
3687:
3683:
3679:
3637:
3633:
3629:
3625:
3613:
3609:
3581:
3577:
3573:
3457:
3453:
3449:
3420:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3392:
3371:
3360:
3344:
3311:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3292:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3254:
3236:
3232:
3218:
3214:
3210:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3187:
3173:
3158:
3143:
3128:
3098:
3083:
3068:
3053:
3047:
3031:
3027:
3019:
3004:
2989:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2904:
2897:
2893:
2885:
2878:
2871:
2867:
2856:
2852:
2845:
2834:
2827:
2820:
2813:
2806:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2781:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2753:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2728:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2703:
2693:
2689:
2681:
2670:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2645:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2591:
2581:
2570:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2527:
2516:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2455:
2447:
2439:
2431:
2419:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2397:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2359:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2333:
2323:
2312:
2305:
2298:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2269:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2228:
2211:
2207:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2070:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2015:
2005:
1998:
1991:
1984:
1977:
1962:
1911:
1895:
1877:
1869:
1858:
1840:
1796:
1773:
1752:
1715:
1701:
1686:
1666:
1642:
1620:
1594:
1570:
1533:
1502:
1473:
1462:
1442:
1421:
1405:
1389:
1374:
1358:
1317:
1294:
1278:
1256:
1231:
1211:
1186:
1164:
1148:
1132:
1107:
1092:
1072:
1057:
1037:
1021:
996:
980:
951:
933:
908:
853:
834:
816:
797:
778:
762:
744:
726:
711:
684:
661:
645:
627:
604:
582:
558:
543:
521:
499:
484:
462:
436:
417:
402:
383:
365:
347:
324:
305:
290:
267:
249:
82:
7111:
6796:
2258:
5123:⟩ may be used when it is wished to make explicit where a division between syllables is (or may be) made.
2167:
pronunciations. Therefore, not all of the distinctions shown here are relevant to a particular dialect.
7461:
7270:
6915:
5918:
5581:
4682:
in those contexts in parentheses, superscript, or italics to indicate this possibility, or simply omit
3484:, which lists the pronunciation guides of fourteen English dictionaries published in the United States.
3366:
The difference between the phonetic realization of English sounds (mostly vowels) in various dialects.
3180:
2194:, whereas speakers of other dialects (e.g. some Northern England English) should treat it the same as
7436:
7090:
7004:
6439:
6384:
6254:
6035:
5977:
5585:
5147:
4054:
3869:
6941:
6932:
6759:
6696:
6374:
6132:
6030:
5898:
5823:
5818:
5808:
4178:. Since this occurs in a predictable fashion, it is not distinguished in this transcription system.
3985:
3800:
following a coronal is still pronounced in yod-dropping accents, place a syllable break before it:
2078:
2077:
word, a vowel in the former group is frequently shorter than the latter in other environments (see
177:, which is a more complete list. For a table listing all spellings of the sounds on this page, see
7392:
7322:
7286:
7281:
7247:
7230:
7007:
6937:
6494:
6379:
6077:
6062:
5200:
4434:
4365:
in non-rhotic accents such as Received Pronunciation, and some dictionaries transcribe them with
3636:⟩, but they are not distinguished in this transcription system. In those varieties, the sequence
3018:, distinguished in Cockney and by some Estuary English speakers. Both of them are transcribed as
7382:
7367:
6983:
6769:
6708:
6294:
6269:
6204:
5992:
5933:
5840:
5813:
5752:
4636:
4066:
3487:
To compare the following IPA symbols with other IPA conventions that may be more familiar, see
2132:
26:
This page is about the pronunciation of words in English. For sounds not found in English, see
4997:
are only found in French loanwords and often replaced by another vowel and a nasal consonant:
4860:
in unstressed prevocalic or morpheme-final positions. It is realized with a quality closer to
4065:
to transcribe this vowel. This more closely reflects the actual vowel quality in contemporary
3616:
between a vowel and a weak or word-initial vowel may be pronounced with a voiced tap , making
2794:
are not distinguished. If you speak such a dialect, ignore the difference between the symbols
2763:
are not distinguished. If you speak such a dialect, ignore the difference between the symbols
2738:
are not distinguished. If you speak such a dialect, ignore the difference between the symbols
2713:
are not distinguished. If you speak such a dialect, ignore the difference between the symbols
7466:
7342:
7131:
6822:
6601:
6524:
4721:⟩ represents a strong vowel in some contexts and a weak vowel in others. In accents with the
4492:
4461:
3835:, such as RP and most varieties of General American. For more information on this sound, see
3825:
2160:
189:
71:
31:
4595:
is pronounced as a lengthened schwa, . In General American, it is phonetically identical to
7357:
6952:
6852:
6324:
6249:
6052:
5970:
5923:
5850:
5713:
4572:
4444:). Since most modern dictionaries do not differentiate between them, neither does this key.
3461:
2923:
is not pronounced; for most people from the United States, including some New Yorkers, the
1935:
6882:
2393:
In Northern Ireland and Scotland this merger occurs in all environments, which means that
2042:. Not all of the sets are used here. In particular, we excluded words in the lexical sets
8:
7441:
7299:
7242:
6927:
6900:
6668:
6509:
6334:
6284:
6209:
6194:
5928:
5860:
3082:
found in some English, Welsh, and Newfoundland dialects. Both of them are transcribed as
3067:
found in some English, Welsh, and Newfoundland dialects. Both of them are transcribed as
2724:
In Northern England English and some varieties of Irish and Welsh English, the vowels of
2152:
67:
7446:
7418:
7173:
6867:
6842:
6725:
6662:
6489:
6369:
6299:
6264:
6224:
6107:
6092:
6087:
6040:
5982:
5913:
5880:
5785:
5737:
5570:
5543:
5511:
5259:
3456:
is encountered for such a place name, it should not be interpreted as a claim that the
3356:
3120:
2358:
In Northern Ireland, Scotland and many North American dialects the distinction between
2136:
1730:
96:
2688:-like quality. If you are from New Zealand, ignore the difference between the symbols
7220:
7180:
7168:
6968:
6862:
6764:
6504:
6474:
6389:
6364:
6349:
6214:
6189:
6139:
6067:
6057:
6022:
6017:
5987:
5940:
5908:
5835:
5830:
5790:
5745:
5686:
5629:
5603:
5573:
5529:
5514:
4722:
3695:
3380:
2407:
also have the same vowel. If you speak such a dialect, ignore the difference between
2114:
216:
6239:
4220:
is not always clear; choose the former if the second element may be omitted (as in
3097:
found in Cockney and many Estuary English speakers. Both of them are transcribed as
7352:
7317:
7136:
6534:
6514:
6484:
6479:
6469:
6444:
6434:
6429:
6424:
6414:
6409:
6404:
6399:
6359:
6354:
6344:
6339:
6319:
6304:
6274:
6244:
6229:
6199:
6184:
6159:
6127:
6112:
6002:
5955:
5893:
5885:
5865:
5795:
5728:
5650:
5621:
5562:
5503:
4422:
4414:
4282:
4175:
2981:
2749:
In some varieties of Scottish English and in Northern Irish English, the vowels of
2508:
In many North American dialects there is also no distinction between the vowels in
2156:
2140:
2128:
1818:
159:
3467:
3197:. Phonemic vowel length, which exists in some dialects and involves pairs such as
2190:(Australian English, General American, modern RP) should read it as an unstressed
104:
7476:
7266:
7215:
7209:
7163:
6847:
6748:
6720:
6544:
6539:
6459:
6394:
6329:
6314:
6289:
6279:
6169:
6164:
6154:
6144:
6072:
6012:
5997:
5950:
5875:
5870:
5855:
5803:
5780:
5523:
5169:
3741:
2985:
1940:
118:
4678:
is often omitted, resulting in a syllable with no vowel. Some dictionaries show
4518:
before vowels within the same word, save for some compounds) or the monophthong
2454:. No such merger is possible in the case of the sequence which we transcribe as
111:
7471:
7332:
7254:
7225:
7190:
6857:
6832:
6814:
6648:
6549:
6529:
6519:
6499:
6454:
6449:
6419:
6259:
6219:
6179:
6149:
6117:
6102:
6082:
6047:
5960:
5945:
5625:
3922:
3901:
3280:
3242:
2896:, etc., within the same syllable; if you speak such a dialect, then ignore the
2838:
2587:
In rhotic North American English there is no distinction between the vowels in
2198:. In Scotland, this vowel can be considered the same as the short allophone of
2148:
5566:
5507:
5263:
4036:. In some parts of the Southern and Northeastern US, it is always merged with
3436:
For more extensive information on dialect variations, you may wish to see the
7515:
7377:
7312:
7307:
7237:
7116:
6978:
6837:
6684:
6464:
6309:
6234:
6097:
5710:
5658:
5654:
5642:
4865:
4418:
3885:
2184:
2164:
2144:
2098:
4510:
does not exist as a separate phoneme and is replaced either by the sequence
2108:
173:
If there is an IPA symbol you are looking for that you do not see here, see
7362:
7327:
7200:
7158:
7148:
6174:
6122:
5723:
5105:
in English. A particular unstressed syllable with phonetic prominence or a
4808:
in another source is most likely one in notation, not in pronunciation, so
4212:, to differentiate from the latter. Before vowels, the distinction between
3675:
3510:
3274:
2933:
2699:
In contemporary New Zealand English and some other dialects, the vowels of
2378:
does not exist. If you speak such a dialect, ignore the difference between
2074:
7098:
6737:
2805:
Depending on the dialect, vowels can be subject to various mergers before
2224:
Many speakers of American, Canadian, Scottish and Irish English pronounce
7296:
5593:
5589:
2655:. If you speak such a dialect, ignore the difference between the symbols
2039:
135:
Throughout Knowledge, the pronunciation of words is indicated using the
7372:
7185:
6617:
4539:, which is found only in unstressed syllables, and distinguish it from
3854:
3506:
3376:
2870:
occurs only before a vowel; if you speak such a dialect, simply ignore
2124:
148:
If the IPA symbols are not displayed properly by your browser, see the
5700:
5090:
pronunciation keys of some dictionaries published in the United States
4871:, such as Australian English, General American, and modern RP, and to
3419:, depending on the accent. This is also why we use the simple symbol ⟨
3277:
or in loanwords where it occurs phonemically in the original language.
7347:
7205:
7153:
4155:
3641:
3105:
2620:
often joins this neutralization; if you have it in your speech, read
233:
5023:
is only found in loanwords and represents a situation where such an
3900:, is pronounced as , , or a similar sound in many dialects through
2874:
in the pronunciation guides where you would not pronounce it, as in
2641:
Some speakers from Northern England do not distinguish the vowel of
215:. This often happens because of dialect variation (see our articles
7387:
6596:
5088:
the syllable that has the stress, in contrast to stress marking in
4551:, is used, the typical modern pronunciation is rather close to the
3605:
3224:
2238:
the same. You may simply ignore the difference between the symbols
174:
78:
27:
17:
5484:
3383:(actual sounds), it is irrelevant that, for example, the vowel in
34:. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Knowledge articles, see
4118:
and therefore don't distinguish between the corresponding sounds
3518:
Knowledge:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters
3502:
3347:
in dialects with the foot–strut split (that is, ) vs. the one in
2953:, distinguished in South Africa. Both of them are transcribed as
2246:, just as you ignore the distinction between the written vowels
36:
Knowledge:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters
3516:
For a guide to adding IPA characters to Knowledge articles, see
3433:
Other words may have different vowels depending on the speaker.
2050:, which may be given two transcriptions, the former either with
5732:
2458:
as there is an implied morpheme boundary after the length mark.
2257:
Most speakers of North American English (with the exception of
5130:
4543:
by marking the syllable as stressed. Also note that although ⟨
4130:. Some speakers merge only two of the sounds (most typically
3860:
2915:. For most people from England and for some New Yorkers, the
2685:
2541:. If you speak such a dialect, ignore the difference between
2493:. If you speak such a dialect, ignore the difference between
878:
5119:
Syllable divisions are not usually marked, but the IPA dot ⟨
7405:
3917:
is pronounced as an approximant . Although the IPA symbol ⟨
2461:
In North American dialects that do not distinguish between
5491:
5376:
5364:
3495:
2119:
International Phonetic Alphabet chart for English dialects
221:
International Phonetic Alphabet chart for English dialects
6751:
5719:
4154:
may have a slightly different quality when it precedes a
4083:
3046:
5767:
3045:, distinguished in some parts of the United States (see
2774:
In Welsh English and some other dialects, the vowels of
2210:
within the same word, another possible pronunciation is
4978:
in some words, particularly of Yiddish origin, such as
4792:
in unstressed, prevocalic positions are transcribed as
4531:
Some, particularly North American, dictionaries notate
2175:⟩ does not represent a phoneme but a variation between
183:
English orthography § Spelling-to-sound correspondences
179:
English orthography § Sound-to-spelling correspondences
5707:
Getting JAWS 6.1 to recognize "exotic" Unicode symbols
2089:
but represent a situation in which some speakers have
3448:, which although locally pronounced are transcribed
181:. For help converting spelling to pronunciation, see
3545:
3359:
of the following consonant). All are transcribed as
6955:
5620:. Vol. 1: Phonology. Mouton de Gruyter. pp. 47–67.
4725:such as most Australian and American accents, weak
4555:
in some dialects, including Received Pronunciation.
2988:but lost elsewhere. All of them are transcribed as
2183:in unstressed positions. Speakers of dialects with
5218:
5216:
5214:
4425:accents, make a distinction between the vowels in
4142:
4140:
3640:in the same environment may also be realized as a
2861:English-language vowel changes before historic /l/
2859:in non-rhotic dialects of South East England. See
5555:Journal of the International Phonetic Association
5495:Journal of the International Phonetic Association
4099:
4097:
4095:
2127:, abstractions of speech sounds that accommodate
7513:
5095:
4248:⟩, especially in North American literature, so ⟨
3652:. This is also not distinguished in this system.
2347:on the other. If you speak such a dialect, read
168:
5541:
5435:
5433:
5234:
5211:
5186:
4137:
5067:cannot be converted to one that uses this key.
4321:
4319:
4317:
4315:
4092:
77:For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
6673:
6633:
5753:
5542:Flemming, Edward; Johnson, Stephanie (2007).
5258:
4990:
4988:
4401:⟩, particularly in North American literature.
4373:in rhotic accents, they are transcribed with
4188:
4186:
4184:
3975:is not pronounced unless followed by a vowel.
3415:vowel that can be identified as the vowel in
3399:overlaps with the New Zealand realization of
5615:
5475:
5439:
5430:
5316:
5176:. Harvard University Linguistics Department.
4341:
4339:
4262:
4260:
4258:
3776:are also affected and frequently merge with
3403:between vowels. In other words, the symbol ⟨
2841:may trigger even more mergers, so that e.g.
7493:
5035:is used in GA too, even if spelled without
4654:
4652:
4312:
4309:as distinct diaphonemes for such occasions.
2931:is not pronounced and may be ignored. (See
2261:) do not distinguish between the vowels in
87:IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters
30:. For a basic introduction to the IPA, see
6640:
6626:
5760:
5746:
5525:Irish English, volume 1 – Northern Ireland
5167:
4985:
4953:⟩, etc., to cover all these possibilities.
4920:⟩, etc., to cover all these possibilities.
4812:in such cases may be better replaced with
4781:
4779:
4773:may be disyllabic (see the previous note).
4181:
3600:
3598:
3509:; for a monospaced font, see the complete
4693:may alternatively be pronounced as , and
4603:⟩ instead of the conventional notations ⟨
4369:, but since they are not pronounced with
4336:
4255:
3552:
2473:there is also no distinction between the
2085:likewise do not mean shorter versions of
132:Knowledge key to pronunciation of English
6647:
5602:(18th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
5599:Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary
5521:
5328:
5170:"How do you pronounce Mary/merry/marry?"
4879:⟩ likewise represents variation between
4649:
4409:
4407:
4020:, except for a handful of words such as
3559:/r/ would be absent in a rhotic dialect.
3474:Knowledge's pronunciation respelling key
6581:Other English pronunciation respellings
4776:
3595:
3179:Allophonic vowel length (including the
62:transcriptions of English on Knowledge.
14:
7514:
4844:
4842:
4040:. In Canada, it is always merged with
3837:voiceless labialized velar approximant
3407:⟩ does not stand specifically for the
3391:, or that the Scottish realization of
2666:In New Zealand English, the vowels of
6621:
5741:
5680:
5641:
5580:
5548:: reduced vowels in American English"
5463:
5451:
5424:
5412:
5400:
5388:
5352:
5340:
5304:
5292:
5280:
5246:
5222:
5198:
4404:
4200:("more coy") with two syllables, and
4103:Many North American accents have the
3933:⟩ in broad transcriptions of English.
3670:
3668:
3666:
3664:
3662:
3660:
3658:
3310:The difference between allophones of
3221:do not represent phonemes; see above.
3089:The difference between the vowels of
3074:The difference between the vowels of
3059:The difference between the vowels of
3034:(depending on the word) when it does.
2968:The difference between the vowels of
7522:International Phonetic Alphabet help
5101:Scholars disagree on how to analyze
5059:seen in some American dictionaries.
4820:accordingly, to minimize confusion:
4619:by marking the syllable as stressed.
4244:is also sometimes transcribed with ⟨
3868:⟩ instead, although it represents a
3534:Pronunciation respelling for English
3482:Pronunciation respelling for English
2604:. If you speak such a dialect, read
42:
4941:). This transcription system uses ⟨
4908:). This transcription system uses ⟨
4887:in unstressed prevocalic positions.
4839:
4700:as . When not followed by a vowel,
4599:. Some dictionaries therefore use ⟨
4281:only when a stress follows it. The
3942:A number of English words, such as
3052:). Both of them are transcribed as
3022:when the spelling does not contain
23:
6576:Knowledge pronunciation respelling
5731:– web-based IPA synthesizer using
5722:– web-based IPA synthesizer using
5618:A Handbook of Varieties of English
5168:Vaux, Bert; Golder, Scott (2003).
4053:Some British sources, such as the
3655:
3343:), both of which may be closer to
3127:. Both of them are transcribed as
24:
7533:
4240:⟩ in many dictionaries. However,
3529:Help:Pronunciation respelling key
3119:, distinguished in many parts of
5683:Longman Pronunciation Dictionary
5144:"British English Pronunciations"
4729:is not distinguished from schwa
3950:, may be pronounced with either
3760:, so that the first syllable in
3726:) in the same syllable, so that
3572:merger, you probably only merge
3524:Help:IPA/Conventions for English
3489:Help:IPA/Conventions for English
3368:Let's pick some grapes for Betty
2135:(RP) and to a large extent also
81:. For the distinction between ,
46:
5769:International Phonetic Alphabet
5469:
5457:
5445:
5418:
5406:
5394:
5382:
5370:
5358:
5346:
5334:
5322:
5310:
5298:
5286:
5274:
5252:
5240:
5228:
5192:
5180:
5161:
5136:
5113:
5070:
5014:
4956:
4923:
4890:
4852:⟩ represents variation between
4711:
4622:
4585:
4558:
4525:
4478:
4447:
4384:
4381:, in this transcription system.
4227:
4072:
4047:
4006:
3978:
3961:
3624:. Some dictionaries transcribe
3539:Category:Pages with English IPA
3213:is also not marked explicitly.
138:International Phonetic Alphabet
7496:Ask for help on your talk page
6607:Manual of Style: Pronunciation
5528:. Edinburgh University Press.
4765:, so that the second vowel in
4210:/ˈhaɪ.ər/,/ˈflaʊ.ər/,/ˈkɔɪ.ər/
4012:In most of the United States,
3936:
3913:In most varieties of English,
3907:
3875:
3842:
3824:in the many dialects with the
3810:
3648:sound similar or identical to
3620:sound similar or identical to
3584:. You would still distinguish
3562:
3438:IPA chart for English dialects
3409:open-mid front unrounded vowel
3336:(and, in non-rhotic dialects,
2079:Clipping (phonetics) § English
13:
1:
5235:Flemming & Johnson (2007)
5199:Wells, John (25 March 2011).
5187:Flemming & Johnson (2007)
3929:⟩ is widely used instead of ⟨
3848:The IPA value of the letter ⟨
3568:For example, if you have the
2957:in stressed syllables and as
149:
3628:subject to this process as ⟨
3372:/lɛtsˈpɪksəmˈɡreɪpsfərˈbɛti/
7:
7142:References and page numbers
6566:IPA conventions for English
5522:Corrigan, Karen P. (2010).
4974:. It is also replaced with
4615:, it is distinguished from
4591:In Received Pronunciation,
4393:is often transcribed with ⟨
10:
7538:
6921:"The rules are principles"
6906:Simplified Manual of Style
5709:– for help on getting the
5626:10.1515/9783110175325.1.47
5264:"The Elephant in the Room"
5205:John Wells's phonetic blog
4631:is not distinguished from
4547:⟩, the IPA symbol for the
4487:is not distinguished from
4456:is not distinguished from
4146:In much of North America,
3999:is not distinguished from
3995:such as General American,
3820:is not distinguished from
3764:is pronounced the same as
3733:is pronounced the same as
3460:would be absent even in a
3423:⟩ for the second sound in
3181:Scottish vowel length rule
2900:in transcriptions such as
2837:may not be distinguished.
2112:
94:
25:
7485:
7401:
7295:
7127:Referencing for beginners
7089:
7003:
6951:
6876:
6810:
6747:
6655:
6589:
6558:
5776:
5567:10.1017/S0025100306002817
5508:10.1017/S0025100306002830
5148:Oxford English Dictionary
4970:in most words, including
4749:homophonous. (Pairs like
4658:In a number of contexts,
4646:such as General American.
4055:Oxford English Dictionary
3870:close front rounded vowel
3864:. Some dictionaries use ⟨
1989:
1982:
1967:
1939:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1817:
1757:
1750:
1729:
1547:
1478:
1471:
1292:
887:
884:
877:
232:
7260:Simple vandalism cleanup
6896:Avoiding common mistakes
6891:Advice for young editors
5659:10.1017/CBO9780511611766
5655:10.1017/CBO9780511611759
5055:is also not the same as
4966:can also be replaced by
4535:with the same symbol as
4192:Some speakers pronounce
4174:, a phenomenon known as
3694:is not pronounced after
2965:in unstressed syllables.
6995:VisualEditor user guide
6777:Policies and guidelines
5681:Wells, John C. (2008).
5076:The IPA stress marks, ⟨
4800:in Merriam-Webster and
4553:near-open central vowel
4353:may be pronounced with
3108:distinctions, such as:
2892:es) cannot occur after
2485:and the aforementioned
2438:may instead merge with
2370:and the aforementioned
6969:Introductions by topic
6964:Why create an account?
5307:, pp. 473–6, 493, 499.
5174:Harvard Dialect Survey
5107:full (unreduced) vowel
4708:in non-rhotic accents.
4421:and some conservative
4413:Some accents, such as
4277:may be separated from
4067:Received Pronunciation
3505:and the more complete
3370:should be transcribed
3249:and, in some accents,
2855:may be homophonous as
2418:In North America, the
2254:when pronouncing them.
2133:Received Pronunciation
7422:(Encyclopedia proper)
6802:Who writes Knowledge?
6782:What Knowledge is not
4635:in dialects with the
4491:in dialects with the
4460:in dialects with the
4236:is transcribed with ⟨
4032:, which instead have
3984:In dialects with the
2980:, maintained in some
2863:for more information.
2553:. Some speakers keep
2113:Further information:
32:Help:IPA/Introduction
7122:Citations/references
7081:Titles (of articles)
7026:Biographies (living)
6649:Knowledge help pages
6602:For English speakers
5846:Australian languages
5685:(3rd ed.). Longman.
4433:(i.e. they lack the
3468:Other transcriptions
2315:on the one hand and
2123:This key represents
6911:Simplified rule-set
6672:for an interactive
6590:Introductory guides
5716:to read IPA symbols
5476:Stuart-Smith (2004)
5440:Stuart-Smith (2004)
5391:, pp. 351–3, 363–4.
5377:Bauer et al. (2007)
5365:Bauer et al. (2007)
5317:Stuart-Smith (2004)
5260:Windsor Lewis, Jack
4571:vowel: there is no
4549:open-mid back vowel
3768:. In some dialects
3740:. In dialects with
3612:and sometimes also
3322:() vs. the ones in
2884:In other dialects,
2259:Eastern New England
1731:Syllabic consonants
7287:WP search protocol
7282:User contributions
7248:Email confirmation
6974:Graphics tutorials
6938:Your first article
6916:"Ignore all rules"
5647:Accents of English
4962:In most dialects,
4285:template supports
4078:In North America,
3969:non-rhotic accents
3888:, as in the words
3752:mostly merge with
3696:coronal consonants
3604:In varieties with
3411:in our system but
3269:. In this system,
2866:In many dialects,
2058:, the latter with
7509:
7508:
7423:
7096:information pages
6615:
6614:
5729:Phoneme Synthesis
5691:978-1-4058-8118-0
5608:978-0-521-15255-6
5534:978-0-7486-3429-3
5466:, pp. 304, 312–3.
5454:, pp. 304, 310–1.
5262:(10 April 2009).
5201:"strong and weak"
5103:degrees of stress
4723:weak vowel merger
4252:⟩ is chosen here.
4158:consonant, as in
3921:⟩ represents the
3674:In dialects with
3291:, which we write
3283:in words such as
3273:is used only for
3253:, which we write
3245:in words such as
3231:, which we write
3227:in words such as
2115:English phonology
2109:Dialect variation
2069:The length mark ⟨
2038:are the standard
2026:
2025:
2022:
2021:
1923:(non-rhotic only)
1819:Marginal segments
888:...followed by R
871:
870:
217:English phonology
130:
129:
56:pronunciation key
7529:
7503:
7499:
7457:Manual of Style
7421:
7407:
7301:
7276:simple archiving
7132:Citation Style 1
7112:Article deletion
7107:Appealing blocks
7100:
7009:
6987:
6979:Picture tutorial
6957:
6884:
6816:
6812:Help for readers
6753:
6739:
6727:
6715:
6703:
6691:
6675:
6642:
6635:
6628:
6619:
6618:
6571:English dialects
6255:Mauritian Creole
6008:Franco-Provençal
5978:Emilian-Romagnol
5762:
5755:
5748:
5739:
5738:
5695:
5677:
5638:
5612:
5577:
5552:
5538:
5518:
5479:
5473:
5467:
5461:
5455:
5449:
5443:
5437:
5428:
5422:
5416:
5410:
5404:
5398:
5392:
5386:
5380:
5374:
5368:
5362:
5356:
5350:
5344:
5338:
5332:
5326:
5320:
5314:
5308:
5302:
5296:
5290:
5284:
5278:
5272:
5271:
5256:
5250:
5244:
5238:
5232:
5226:
5220:
5209:
5208:
5196:
5190:
5184:
5178:
5177:
5165:
5159:
5158:
5156:
5154:
5140:
5124:
5122:
5117:
5111:
5099:
5093:
5083:
5079:
5074:
5068:
5066:
5062:
5058:
5054:
5050:
5038:
5034:
5022:
5018:
5012:
5010:
5003:
4996:
4992:
4983:
4977:
4969:
4965:
4960:
4954:
4952:
4948:
4944:
4940:
4936:
4932:
4927:
4921:
4919:
4915:
4911:
4907:
4903:
4899:
4894:
4888:
4886:
4882:
4878:
4874:
4864:in accents with
4863:
4859:
4855:
4851:
4846:
4837:
4835:
4831:
4827:
4823:
4819:
4815:
4811:
4807:
4803:
4799:
4795:
4791:
4787:
4783:
4774:
4769:may be lost and
4764:
4760:
4732:
4728:
4720:
4715:
4709:
4707:
4703:
4699:
4692:
4685:
4681:
4677:
4673:
4669:
4665:
4661:
4656:
4647:
4634:
4630:
4626:
4620:
4618:
4614:
4610:
4606:
4602:
4598:
4594:
4589:
4583:
4570:
4566:
4562:
4556:
4546:
4542:
4538:
4534:
4529:
4523:
4521:
4517:
4513:
4509:
4505:
4490:
4486:
4482:
4476:
4474:
4459:
4455:
4451:
4445:
4417:, many forms of
4415:Scottish English
4411:
4402:
4400:
4396:
4392:
4388:
4382:
4380:
4376:
4372:
4368:
4364:
4356:
4343:
4334:
4332:
4328:
4323:
4310:
4308:
4304:
4300:
4296:
4292:
4288:
4280:
4276:
4272:
4268:
4264:
4253:
4251:
4247:
4243:
4239:
4235:
4231:
4225:
4219:
4215:
4214:/aɪər,aʊər,ɔɪər/
4211:
4190:
4179:
4176:Canadian raising
4153:
4149:
4144:
4135:
4133:
4129:
4125:
4121:
4101:
4090:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4070:
4064:
4060:
4051:
4045:
4043:
4039:
4035:
4019:
4015:
4010:
4004:
4002:
3998:
3982:
3976:
3974:
3965:
3959:
3957:
3953:
3940:
3934:
3932:
3928:
3920:
3916:
3911:
3905:
3883:
3879:
3873:
3872:in official IPA.
3867:
3851:
3846:
3840:
3823:
3819:
3814:
3808:
3806:
3799:
3795:
3791:
3787:
3783:
3779:
3775:
3771:
3759:
3755:
3751:
3747:
3739:
3732:
3725:
3721:
3717:
3713:
3709:
3705:
3701:
3693:
3689:
3685:
3681:
3672:
3653:
3639:
3635:
3631:
3627:
3615:
3611:
3602:
3593:
3583:
3579:
3575:
3566:
3560:
3556:
3459:
3455:
3451:
3422:
3406:
3402:
3398:
3394:
3373:
3362:
3346:
3313:
3306:
3302:
3298:
3294:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3238:
3234:
3220:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3200:
3196:
3189:
3175:
3160:
3145:
3130:
3125:Southern England
3100:
3085:
3070:
3055:
3049:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3006:
2991:
2964:
2960:
2956:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2906:
2899:
2895:
2887:
2880:
2873:
2869:
2858:
2854:
2847:
2836:
2829:
2822:
2815:
2808:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2783:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2755:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2730:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2705:
2695:
2691:
2683:
2672:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2647:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2593:
2583:
2572:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2529:
2518:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2457:
2449:
2441:
2433:
2421:
2415:in all contexts.
2414:
2410:
2406:
2399:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2361:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2335:
2325:
2314:
2307:
2300:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2271:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2230:
2213:
2209:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2129:General American
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2072:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2037:
2018:
2017:
2009:
2007:
2002:
2000:
1995:
1993:
1987:
1986:
1980:
1979:
1965:
1964:
1924:
1914:
1913:
1898:
1897:
1880:
1879:
1871:
1861:
1860:
1843:
1842:
1813:
1799:
1798:
1790:
1776:
1775:
1769:
1755:
1754:
1718:
1717:
1704:
1703:
1689:
1688:
1677:
1669:
1668:
1645:
1644:
1623:
1622:
1605:
1597:
1596:
1581:
1573:
1572:
1536:
1535:
1514:
1505:
1504:
1485:
1476:
1475:
1467:
1466:
1464:
1459:
1445:
1444:
1433:
1424:
1423:
1408:
1407:
1401:
1392:
1391:
1377:
1376:
1370:
1361:
1360:
1347:
1329:
1320:
1319:
1306:
1297:
1296:
1290:
1281:
1280:
1267:
1259:
1258:
1243:
1234:
1233:
1214:
1213:
1198:
1189:
1188:
1175:
1167:
1166:
1160:
1151:
1150:
1135:
1134:
1119:
1110:
1109:
1095:
1094:
1084:
1075:
1074:
1060:
1059:
1049:
1040:
1039:
1024:
1023:
1008:
999:
998:
983:
982:
963:
954:
953:
945:
936:
935:
920:
911:
910:
875:
874:
856:
855:
837:
836:
819:
818:
800:
799:
781:
780:
765:
764:
747:
746:
729:
728:
714:
713:
687:
686:
664:
663:
648:
647:
630:
629:
607:
606:
585:
584:
561:
560:
546:
545:
524:
523:
502:
501:
487:
486:
465:
464:
439:
438:
420:
419:
405:
404:
386:
385:
368:
367:
350:
349:
327:
326:
308:
307:
293:
292:
270:
269:
252:
251:
230:
229:
226:
225:
164:
158:
121:
114:
107:
84:
50:
49:
43:
7537:
7536:
7532:
7531:
7530:
7528:
7527:
7526:
7512:
7511:
7510:
7505:
7481:
7397:
7291:
7085:
6999:
6985:
6953:Getting started
6947:
6872:
6853:Other languages
6806:
6797:Making requests
6791:parental advice
6749:About Knowledge
6743:
6697:Reference desks
6651:
6646:
6616:
6611:
6585:
6554:
6375:Scottish Gaelic
5804:Modern Standard
5772:
5766:
5703:
5698:
5692:
5635:
5609:
5550:
5535:
5487:
5482:
5474:
5470:
5462:
5458:
5450:
5446:
5438:
5431:
5423:
5419:
5411:
5407:
5403:, pp. 400, 439.
5399:
5395:
5387:
5383:
5375:
5371:
5363:
5359:
5351:
5347:
5343:, pp. 361, 372.
5339:
5335:
5329:Corrigan (2010)
5327:
5323:
5315:
5311:
5303:
5299:
5291:
5287:
5283:, pp. 173, 799.
5279:
5275:
5257:
5253:
5245:
5241:
5233:
5229:
5221:
5212:
5197:
5193:
5185:
5181:
5166:
5162:
5152:
5150:
5142:
5141:
5137:
5133:
5128:
5127:
5118:
5114:
5100:
5096:
5075:
5071:
5064:
5060:
5056:
5036:
5032:
5019:
5015:
4993:
4986:
4961:
4957:
4934:
4928:
4924:
4901:
4895:
4891:
4847:
4840:
4822:/ˌsɪtʃəˈweɪʃən/
4784:
4777:
4716:
4712:
4657:
4650:
4627:
4623:
4590:
4586:
4563:
4559:
4530:
4526:
4483:
4479:
4452:
4448:
4412:
4405:
4389:
4385:
4344:
4337:
4324:
4313:
4265:
4256:
4232:
4228:
4191:
4182:
4166:, from that in
4145:
4138:
4102:
4093:
4077:
4073:
4052:
4048:
4016:is merged with
4011:
4007:
3983:
3979:
3966:
3962:
3941:
3937:
3912:
3908:
3880:
3876:
3847:
3843:
3815:
3811:
3742:yod coalescence
3673:
3656:
3603:
3596:
3567:
3563:
3557:
3553:
3548:
3498:
3470:
3023:
2911:is transcribed
2907:. For example,
2809:, so that e.g.
2792:/ənˈɔːrθədɒksi/
2782:/ʌnˈɔːrθədɒksi/
2121:
2111:
2047:
2043:
2035:
2014:
2004:
1997:
1990:
1983:
1968:
1961:
1941:Syllabification
1922:
1910:
1894:
1876:
1857:
1839:
1811:
1795:
1788:
1772:
1767:
1751:
1714:
1700:
1685:
1672:
1665:
1641:
1619:
1600:
1593:
1576:
1569:
1532:
1508:
1501:
1479:
1472:
1460:
1454:
1453:
1441:
1427:
1420:
1404:
1395:
1388:
1373:
1364:
1357:
1341:
1323:
1316:
1300:
1293:
1284:
1277:
1262:
1255:
1237:
1230:
1210:
1192:
1185:
1170:
1163:
1154:
1147:
1131:
1113:
1106:
1091:
1078:
1071:
1056:
1043:
1036:
1020:
1002:
995:
979:
957:
950:
939:
932:
914:
907:
852:
833:
815:
796:
777:
761:
743:
725:
710:
683:
660:
644:
626:
603:
581:
557:
542:
520:
498:
483:
461:
435:
416:
401:
382:
364:
346:
323:
304:
289:
266:
248:
171:
162:
156:
133:
126:
125:
124:
117:
110:
103:
99:
90:
75:
47:
39:
22:
21:
20:
12:
11:
5:
7535:
7525:
7524:
7507:
7506:
7492:
7489:Missing Manual
7486:
7483:
7482:
7480:
7479:
7474:
7469:
7464:
7459:
7454:
7449:
7444:
7439:
7434:
7432:Editor's index
7429:
7424:
7416:
7410:
7408:
7399:
7398:
7396:
7395:
7390:
7385:
7380:
7375:
7370:
7365:
7360:
7355:
7350:
7345:
7340:
7335:
7330:
7325:
7320:
7315:
7310:
7304:
7302:
7293:
7292:
7290:
7289:
7284:
7279:
7273:
7264:
7263:
7262:
7252:
7251:
7250:
7240:
7235:
7234:
7233:
7231:Renaming pages
7223:
7218:
7213:
7203:
7198:
7196:Image deletion
7193:
7188:
7183:
7178:
7177:
7176:
7171:
7166:
7156:
7151:
7146:
7145:
7144:
7139:
7134:
7129:
7119:
7114:
7109:
7103:
7101:
7094:
7087:
7086:
7084:
7083:
7078:
7073:
7068:
7063:
7058:
7053:
7048:
7046:Disambiguation
7043:
7038:
7033:
7031:Categorization
7028:
7023:
7018:
7012:
7010:
7005:Dos and don'ts
7001:
7000:
6998:
6997:
6992:
6991:
6990:
6981:
6971:
6966:
6960:
6958:
6949:
6948:
6946:
6945:
6942:article wizard
6935:
6933:Tip of the day
6930:
6925:
6924:
6923:
6918:
6908:
6903:
6898:
6893:
6887:
6885:
6879:
6874:
6873:
6871:
6870:
6865:
6860:
6855:
6850:
6845:
6840:
6835:
6830:
6825:
6819:
6817:
6808:
6807:
6805:
6804:
6799:
6794:
6784:
6779:
6774:
6773:
6772:
6767:
6760:Administration
6756:
6754:
6745:
6744:
6742:
6741:
6729:
6717:
6705:
6693:
6680:
6679:
6678:
6656:
6653:
6652:
6645:
6644:
6637:
6630:
6622:
6613:
6612:
6610:
6609:
6604:
6599:
6593:
6591:
6587:
6586:
6584:
6583:
6578:
6573:
6568:
6562:
6560:
6556:
6555:
6553:
6552:
6547:
6542:
6537:
6532:
6527:
6522:
6517:
6512:
6507:
6502:
6497:
6492:
6487:
6482:
6477:
6472:
6467:
6462:
6457:
6452:
6447:
6442:
6437:
6432:
6427:
6422:
6417:
6412:
6407:
6402:
6397:
6392:
6387:
6382:
6380:Serbo-Croatian
6377:
6372:
6367:
6362:
6357:
6352:
6347:
6342:
6337:
6332:
6327:
6322:
6317:
6312:
6307:
6302:
6297:
6292:
6287:
6282:
6277:
6272:
6267:
6262:
6257:
6252:
6247:
6242:
6237:
6232:
6227:
6222:
6217:
6212:
6207:
6202:
6197:
6192:
6187:
6182:
6177:
6172:
6167:
6162:
6157:
6152:
6147:
6142:
6137:
6136:
6135:
6125:
6120:
6115:
6110:
6105:
6100:
6095:
6090:
6085:
6080:
6075:
6070:
6065:
6063:Haitian Creole
6060:
6055:
6050:
6045:
6044:
6043:
6038:
6033:
6025:
6020:
6015:
6010:
6005:
6000:
5995:
5990:
5985:
5980:
5975:
5974:
5973:
5963:
5958:
5953:
5948:
5943:
5938:
5937:
5936:
5931:
5926:
5921:
5916:
5911:
5903:
5902:
5901:
5896:
5888:
5883:
5878:
5873:
5868:
5863:
5858:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5828:
5827:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5806:
5798:
5793:
5788:
5783:
5777:
5774:
5773:
5765:
5764:
5757:
5750:
5742:
5736:
5735:
5726:
5717:
5702:
5701:External links
5699:
5697:
5696:
5690:
5678:
5643:Wells, John C.
5639:
5633:
5613:
5607:
5578:
5539:
5533:
5519:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5480:
5468:
5456:
5444:
5429:
5417:
5405:
5393:
5381:
5369:
5357:
5345:
5333:
5321:
5309:
5297:
5285:
5273:
5251:
5239:
5227:
5210:
5191:
5179:
5160:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5126:
5125:
5112:
5094:
5069:
5013:
5002:/ˌbɒnviːˈvɒnt/
4984:
4955:
4929:The sequence ⟨
4922:
4896:The sequence ⟨
4889:
4838:
4826:/ˌsɪtʃuˈeɪʃən/
4775:
4710:
4698:/ˈɛd.ɪn.bər.ə/
4648:
4621:
4611:⟩ is used for
4584:
4557:
4524:
4477:
4446:
4403:
4383:
4335:
4311:
4254:
4226:
4194:higher, flower
4180:
4136:
4091:
4071:
4046:
4005:
3977:
3960:
3935:
3923:alveolar trill
3906:
3902:L-vocalization
3874:
3841:
3809:
3654:
3594:
3561:
3550:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3543:
3542:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3514:
3497:
3494:
3493:
3492:
3485:
3469:
3466:
3431:
3430:
3429:
3428:
3364:
3363:in our system.
3308:
3299:, rather than
3281:L-vocalization
3278:
3261:, rather than
3243:Glottalization
3240:
3235:, rather than
3222:
3177:
3164:The vowels of
3162:
3149:The vowels of
3147:
3134:The vowels of
3132:
3111:The vowels of
3102:
3087:
3072:
3057:
3037:The vowels of
3035:
3010:The vowels of
3008:
2995:The vowels of
2993:
2966:
2945:The vowels of
2939:
2938:
2882:
2864:
2839:L-vocalization
2803:
2772:
2747:
2722:
2697:
2684:have the same
2664:
2639:
2638:
2637:
2585:
2506:
2459:
2416:
2356:
2292:
2255:
2222:
2110:
2107:
2106:
2105:
2067:
2036:SMALL CAPITALS
2024:
2023:
2020:
2019:
2011:
2010:
2003:
1988:
1981:
1978:/ˌɪntəˈneɪʃən/
1966:
1958:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1948:
1944:
1943:
1938:
1932:
1931:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1915:
1907:
1906:
1899:
1892:
1881:
1873:
1872:
1862:
1855:
1844:
1836:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1822:
1821:
1815:
1814:
1800:
1792:
1791:
1777:
1770:
1756:
1748:
1747:
1744:
1741:
1738:
1734:
1733:
1727:
1726:
1719:
1712:
1705:
1697:
1696:
1690:
1683:
1670:
1662:
1661:
1646:
1639:
1624:
1616:
1615:
1598:
1591:
1574:
1566:
1565:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1552:
1551:
1545:
1544:
1537:
1529:
1528:
1506:
1499:
1477:
1469:
1468:
1446:
1439:
1425:
1417:
1416:
1409:
1402:
1393:
1385:
1384:
1378:
1371:
1362:
1354:
1353:
1339:
1321:
1313:
1312:
1298:
1291:
1282:
1274:
1273:
1260:
1253:
1235:
1227:
1226:
1215:
1208:
1190:
1182:
1181:
1168:
1161:
1152:
1144:
1143:
1136:
1129:
1111:
1103:
1102:
1096:
1089:
1076:
1068:
1067:
1061:
1054:
1041:
1033:
1032:
1025:
1018:
1000:
992:
991:
984:
977:
955:
947:
946:
937:
930:
912:
904:
903:
900:
897:
894:
890:
889:
886:
882:
881:
872:
869:
868:
857:
849:
848:
838:
830:
829:
820:
812:
811:
801:
793:
792:
782:
774:
773:
766:
758:
757:
748:
740:
739:
730:
722:
721:
715:
707:
706:
688:
680:
679:
665:
657:
656:
649:
641:
640:
631:
623:
622:
608:
600:
599:
586:
578:
577:
562:
554:
553:
547:
539:
538:
525:
517:
516:
503:
495:
494:
488:
480:
479:
466:
458:
457:
440:
432:
431:
421:
413:
412:
406:
398:
397:
387:
379:
378:
369:
361:
360:
351:
343:
342:
328:
320:
319:
309:
301:
300:
294:
286:
285:
271:
263:
262:
253:
245:
244:
241:
237:
236:
170:
167:
131:
128:
127:
123:
122:
115:
108:
100:
95:
93:
91:
76:
64:
51:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7534:
7523:
7520:
7519:
7517:
7504:
7498:
7497:
7491:
7490:
7484:
7478:
7475:
7473:
7470:
7468:
7465:
7463:
7460:
7458:
7455:
7453:
7450:
7448:
7445:
7443:
7440:
7438:
7435:
7433:
7430:
7428:
7425:
7420:
7417:
7415:
7414:Abbreviations
7412:
7411:
7409:
7404:
7400:
7394:
7391:
7389:
7386:
7384:
7381:
7379:
7376:
7374:
7371:
7369:
7366:
7364:
7361:
7359:
7358:Music symbols
7356:
7354:
7351:
7349:
7346:
7344:
7341:
7339:
7336:
7334:
7331:
7329:
7326:
7324:
7321:
7319:
7316:
7314:
7311:
7309:
7306:
7305:
7303:
7298:
7294:
7288:
7285:
7283:
7280:
7277:
7274:
7272:
7268:
7265:
7261:
7258:
7257:
7256:
7253:
7249:
7246:
7245:
7244:
7241:
7239:
7236:
7232:
7229:
7228:
7227:
7224:
7222:
7219:
7217:
7214:
7211:
7207:
7204:
7202:
7199:
7197:
7194:
7192:
7189:
7187:
7184:
7182:
7179:
7175:
7174:edit conflict
7172:
7170:
7167:
7165:
7162:
7161:
7160:
7157:
7155:
7152:
7150:
7147:
7143:
7140:
7138:
7135:
7133:
7130:
7128:
7125:
7124:
7123:
7120:
7118:
7115:
7113:
7110:
7108:
7105:
7104:
7102:
7097:
7092:
7088:
7082:
7079:
7077:
7074:
7072:
7069:
7067:
7064:
7062:
7059:
7057:
7054:
7052:
7049:
7047:
7044:
7042:
7039:
7037:
7034:
7032:
7029:
7027:
7024:
7022:
7019:
7017:
7016:Accessibility
7014:
7013:
7011:
7006:
7002:
6996:
6993:
6989:
6982:
6980:
6977:
6976:
6975:
6972:
6970:
6967:
6965:
6962:
6961:
6959:
6954:
6950:
6943:
6939:
6936:
6934:
6931:
6929:
6926:
6922:
6919:
6917:
6914:
6913:
6912:
6909:
6907:
6904:
6902:
6899:
6897:
6894:
6892:
6889:
6888:
6886:
6881:
6875:
6869:
6868:Viewing media
6866:
6864:
6861:
6859:
6856:
6854:
6851:
6849:
6846:
6844:
6843:Mobile access
6841:
6839:
6836:
6834:
6831:
6829:
6826:
6824:
6821:
6820:
6818:
6813:
6809:
6803:
6800:
6798:
6795:
6792:
6788:
6785:
6783:
6780:
6778:
6775:
6771:
6768:
6766:
6763:
6762:
6761:
6758:
6757:
6755:
6750:
6746:
6740:
6735:
6734:
6730:
6728:
6723:
6722:
6718:
6716:
6711:
6710:
6706:
6704:
6699:
6698:
6694:
6692:
6687:
6686:
6682:
6681:
6677:
6671:
6670:
6665:
6664:
6658:
6657:
6654:
6650:
6643:
6638:
6636:
6631:
6629:
6624:
6623:
6620:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6600:
6598:
6595:
6594:
6592:
6588:
6582:
6579:
6577:
6574:
6572:
6569:
6567:
6564:
6563:
6561:
6557:
6551:
6548:
6546:
6543:
6541:
6538:
6536:
6533:
6531:
6528:
6526:
6523:
6521:
6518:
6516:
6513:
6511:
6508:
6506:
6503:
6501:
6498:
6496:
6493:
6491:
6488:
6486:
6483:
6481:
6478:
6476:
6473:
6471:
6468:
6466:
6463:
6461:
6458:
6456:
6453:
6451:
6448:
6446:
6443:
6441:
6438:
6436:
6433:
6431:
6428:
6426:
6423:
6421:
6418:
6416:
6413:
6411:
6408:
6406:
6403:
6401:
6398:
6396:
6393:
6391:
6388:
6386:
6383:
6381:
6378:
6376:
6373:
6371:
6368:
6366:
6363:
6361:
6358:
6356:
6353:
6351:
6348:
6346:
6343:
6341:
6338:
6336:
6333:
6331:
6328:
6326:
6323:
6321:
6318:
6316:
6313:
6311:
6308:
6306:
6303:
6301:
6298:
6296:
6295:Northern Thai
6293:
6291:
6288:
6286:
6283:
6281:
6278:
6276:
6273:
6271:
6268:
6266:
6263:
6261:
6258:
6256:
6253:
6251:
6248:
6246:
6243:
6241:
6238:
6236:
6233:
6231:
6228:
6226:
6223:
6221:
6218:
6216:
6213:
6211:
6208:
6206:
6205:Luxembourgish
6203:
6201:
6198:
6196:
6193:
6191:
6188:
6186:
6183:
6181:
6178:
6176:
6173:
6171:
6168:
6166:
6163:
6161:
6158:
6156:
6153:
6151:
6148:
6146:
6143:
6141:
6138:
6134:
6131:
6130:
6129:
6126:
6124:
6121:
6119:
6116:
6114:
6111:
6109:
6106:
6104:
6101:
6099:
6096:
6094:
6091:
6089:
6086:
6084:
6081:
6079:
6076:
6074:
6071:
6069:
6066:
6064:
6061:
6059:
6056:
6054:
6051:
6049:
6046:
6042:
6039:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6028:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6001:
5999:
5996:
5994:
5991:
5989:
5986:
5984:
5981:
5979:
5976:
5972:
5969:
5968:
5967:
5964:
5962:
5959:
5957:
5954:
5952:
5949:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5935:
5932:
5930:
5927:
5925:
5922:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5912:
5910:
5907:
5906:
5904:
5900:
5897:
5895:
5892:
5891:
5889:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5801:
5799:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5789:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5778:
5775:
5770:
5763:
5758:
5756:
5751:
5749:
5744:
5743:
5740:
5734:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5721:
5718:
5715:
5712:
5711:screen reader
5708:
5705:
5704:
5693:
5688:
5684:
5679:
5675:
5671:
5667:
5664:
5660:
5656:
5652:
5648:
5644:
5640:
5636:
5634:3-11-017532-0
5631:
5627:
5623:
5619:
5614:
5610:
5605:
5601:
5600:
5595:
5591:
5587:
5583:
5582:Jones, Daniel
5579:
5575:
5572:
5568:
5564:
5560:
5556:
5549:
5547:
5540:
5536:
5531:
5527:
5526:
5520:
5516:
5513:
5509:
5505:
5502:(1): 97–102.
5501:
5497:
5496:
5490:
5489:
5477:
5472:
5465:
5460:
5453:
5448:
5441:
5436:
5434:
5426:
5421:
5414:
5409:
5402:
5397:
5390:
5385:
5378:
5373:
5366:
5361:
5354:
5349:
5342:
5337:
5330:
5325:
5318:
5313:
5306:
5301:
5294:
5289:
5282:
5277:
5269:
5265:
5261:
5255:
5248:
5243:
5236:
5231:
5224:
5219:
5217:
5215:
5206:
5202:
5195:
5188:
5183:
5175:
5171:
5164:
5149:
5145:
5139:
5135:
5116:
5108:
5104:
5098:
5091:
5087:
5073:
5046:
5045:hors d'oeuvre
5042:
5030:
5026:
5017:
5007:
5000:
4991:
4989:
4981:
4973:
4959:
4926:
4893:
4870:
4868:
4845:
4843:
4782:
4780:
4772:
4768:
4756:
4752:
4748:
4744:
4740:
4736:
4724:
4714:
4696:
4689:
4655:
4653:
4645:
4643:
4639:
4625:
4588:
4581:
4579:
4575:
4561:
4554:
4550:
4528:
4501:
4499:
4495:
4481:
4470:
4468:
4464:
4450:
4443:
4441:
4437:
4432:
4428:
4424:
4420:
4419:Irish English
4416:
4410:
4408:
4387:
4360:
4352:
4348:
4342:
4340:
4322:
4320:
4318:
4316:
4284:
4263:
4261:
4259:
4230:
4223:
4218:/aɪr,aʊr,ɔɪr/
4207:
4203:
4199:
4195:
4189:
4187:
4185:
4177:
4173:
4169:
4165:
4161:
4157:
4143:
4141:
4117:
4115:
4111:
4107:
4100:
4098:
4096:
4088:
4075:
4068:
4061:⟩ instead of
4056:
4050:
4031:
4027:
4023:
4009:
3994:
3992:
3988:
3981:
3970:
3964:
3949:
3945:
3939:
3924:
3910:
3903:
3899:
3895:
3891:
3887:
3886:syllable coda
3878:
3871:
3863:
3862:
3857:
3856:
3845:
3838:
3834:
3832:
3828:
3813:
3803:
3767:
3763:
3743:
3736:
3729:
3697:
3677:
3671:
3669:
3667:
3665:
3663:
3661:
3659:
3651:
3647:
3644:tap , making
3643:
3623:
3619:
3607:
3601:
3599:
3591:
3587:
3571:
3565:
3555:
3551:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3519:
3515:
3512:
3508:
3504:
3500:
3499:
3490:
3486:
3483:
3479:
3478:
3477:
3475:
3465:
3463:
3447:
3441:
3439:
3434:
3426:
3418:
3414:
3410:
3390:
3386:
3382:
3378:
3369:
3365:
3358:
3354:
3352:
3342:
3341:
3335:
3334:
3328:
3326:
3321:
3319:
3309:
3290:
3286:
3282:
3279:
3276:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3241:
3230:
3226:
3223:
3193:
3186:
3182:
3178:
3171:
3167:
3163:
3156:
3152:
3148:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3109:
3107:
3103:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3051:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2987:
2986:Irish English
2983:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2943:
2942:
2936:
2935:
2910:
2903:
2891:
2883:
2877:
2865:
2862:
2851:
2844:
2840:
2833:
2826:
2819:
2812:
2804:
2790:
2788:
2780:
2778:
2773:
2759:
2752:
2748:
2734:
2727:
2723:
2709:
2702:
2698:
2687:
2680:
2678:
2669:
2665:
2651:
2644:
2640:
2619:
2600:
2599:
2590:
2586:
2580:
2578:
2568:
2566:
2560:
2558:
2537:
2535:
2526:
2524:
2515:
2513:
2507:
2484:
2482:
2460:
2453:
2445:
2437:
2429:
2427:
2417:
2403:
2396:
2392:
2391:
2369:
2367:
2357:
2353:/iːr,uːr,eɪr/
2349:/ɪər,ʊər,ɛər/
2343:
2341:
2334:/ˈkjuːreɪtɪŋ/
2332:
2330:
2322:
2320:
2311:
2304:
2297:
2293:
2279:
2277:
2268:
2266:
2260:
2256:
2253:
2249:
2234:
2227:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2205:
2189:
2187:
2170:
2169:
2168:
2166:
2165:Welsh English
2162:
2161:South African
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2120:
2116:
2103:
2101:
2080:
2076:
2068:
2041:
2033:
2032:
2031:
2030:
2013:
2012:
2006:/ˈtæks.peɪər/
1975:
1971:
1960:
1959:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1942:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1920:
1916:
1909:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1893:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1875:
1874:
1867:
1863:
1856:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1838:
1837:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1823:
1820:
1816:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1794:
1793:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1771:
1765:
1761:
1749:
1745:
1742:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1713:
1710:
1706:
1699:
1698:
1695:
1691:
1684:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1664:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1640:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1618:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1592:
1589:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1568:
1567:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1553:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1531:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1512:
1507:
1500:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1483:
1470:
1458:
1451:
1447:
1440:
1437:
1431:
1426:
1419:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1403:
1399:
1394:
1387:
1386:
1383:
1379:
1372:
1368:
1363:
1356:
1355:
1351:
1345:
1340:
1337:
1333:
1327:
1322:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1304:
1299:
1288:
1283:
1276:
1275:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1254:
1251:
1247:
1241:
1236:
1229:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1209:
1206:
1202:
1196:
1191:
1184:
1183:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1162:
1158:
1153:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1130:
1127:
1123:
1117:
1112:
1105:
1104:
1101:
1097:
1090:
1088:
1082:
1077:
1070:
1069:
1066:
1062:
1055:
1053:
1047:
1042:
1035:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1019:
1016:
1012:
1006:
1001:
994:
993:
989:
985:
978:
975:
971:
967:
961:
956:
949:
948:
943:
938:
931:
928:
924:
918:
913:
906:
905:
901:
898:
895:
892:
891:
885:Strong vowels
883:
880:
876:
873:
866:
862:
858:
851:
850:
846:
842:
839:
832:
831:
828:
824:
821:
814:
813:
809:
805:
802:
795:
794:
790:
786:
783:
776:
775:
771:
767:
760:
759:
756:
752:
749:
742:
741:
738:
734:
731:
724:
723:
719:
716:
709:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
689:
682:
681:
677:
673:
669:
666:
659:
658:
654:
650:
643:
642:
639:
635:
632:
625:
624:
620:
616:
612:
609:
602:
601:
598:
594:
590:
587:
580:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
556:
555:
551:
548:
541:
540:
537:
533:
529:
526:
519:
518:
515:
511:
507:
504:
497:
496:
492:
489:
482:
481:
478:
474:
470:
467:
460:
459:
456:
452:
448:
444:
441:
434:
433:
429:
425:
422:
415:
414:
410:
407:
400:
399:
395:
391:
388:
381:
380:
377:
373:
370:
363:
362:
359:
355:
352:
345:
344:
340:
336:
332:
329:
322:
321:
317:
313:
310:
303:
302:
298:
295:
288:
287:
283:
279:
275:
272:
265:
264:
261:
257:
254:
247:
246:
242:
239:
238:
235:
231:
228:
227:
224:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
196:
192:
186:
184:
180:
176:
166:
161:
153:
151:
146:
144:
140:
139:
120:
116:
113:
109:
106:
102:
101:
98:
92:
88:
80:
73:
69:
66:establishing
63:
61:
57:
52:
45:
44:
41:
37:
33:
29:
19:
7500:
7495:
7487:
7393:Visual files
7383:Transclusion
7318:Calculations
7181:Find sources
7091:How-to pages
6880:to Knowledge
6878:Contributing
6736:
6731:
6724:
6719:
6712:
6709:Noticeboards
6707:
6700:
6695:
6688:
6683:
6667:
6661:
6659:
6525:West Frisian
5993:Extremaduran
5965:
5724:Amazon Polly
5682:
5674:0-52128541-0
5670:0-52128540-2
5666:0-52129719-2
5646:
5617:
5597:
5594:Esling, John
5590:Setter, Jane
5586:Roach, Peter
5561:(1): 83–96.
5558:
5554:
5546:Rosa's roses
5545:
5524:
5499:
5493:
5485:Bibliography
5471:
5464:Wells (1982)
5459:
5452:Wells (1982)
5447:
5427:, pp. 612–3.
5425:Wells (1982)
5420:
5415:, pp. 380–1.
5413:Wells (1982)
5408:
5401:Wells (1982)
5396:
5389:Wells (1982)
5384:
5372:
5360:
5355:, pp. 605–7.
5353:Wells (1982)
5348:
5341:Wells (1982)
5336:
5324:
5312:
5305:Wells (1982)
5300:
5293:Jones (2011)
5288:
5281:Wells (2008)
5276:
5267:
5254:
5247:Wells (1982)
5242:
5230:
5223:Wells (1982)
5204:
5194:
5182:
5173:
5163:
5151:. Retrieved
5138:
5115:
5097:
5085:
5072:
5044:
5040:
5028:
5024:
5016:
5005:
4998:
4979:
4971:
4958:
4925:
4892:
4875:in others. ⟨
4866:
4770:
4766:
4754:
4750:
4746:
4742:
4738:
4734:
4713:
4704:merges with
4694:
4691:/ˈdʌb.əl.ɪŋ/
4687:
4641:
4637:
4624:
4587:
4577:
4573:
4560:
4527:
4497:
4493:
4480:
4466:
4462:
4449:
4439:
4435:
4430:
4426:
4386:
4358:
4350:
4346:
4229:
4221:
4205:
4201:
4197:
4193:
4171:
4167:
4163:
4159:
4113:
4109:
4105:
4074:
4049:
4029:
4025:
4021:
4008:
3990:
3986:
3980:
3963:
3947:
3943:
3938:
3909:
3897:
3893:
3889:
3877:
3859:
3853:
3844:
3830:
3826:
3816:The phoneme
3812:
3801:
3765:
3761:
3734:
3727:
3676:yod dropping
3649:
3645:
3621:
3617:
3589:
3585:
3569:
3564:
3554:
3511:Everson Mono
3471:
3445:
3442:
3435:
3432:
3424:
3416:
3412:
3388:
3384:
3379:rather than
3367:
3350:
3348:
3339:
3337:
3332:
3330:
3324:
3323:
3317:
3315:
3288:
3284:
3275:paralanguage
3250:
3246:
3228:
3191:
3184:
3169:
3165:
3154:
3150:
3139:
3135:
3116:
3112:
3094:
3090:
3079:
3075:
3064:
3060:
3042:
3038:
3015:
3011:
3000:
2996:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2950:
2946:
2940:
2934:yod-dropping
2932:
2913:/njuːˈjɔːrk/
2908:
2901:
2889:
2875:
2849:
2842:
2831:
2824:
2817:
2810:
2786:
2785:
2776:
2775:
2757:
2750:
2732:
2725:
2707:
2700:
2676:
2674:
2667:
2649:
2642:
2617:
2597:
2595:
2588:
2576:
2574:
2564:
2562:
2556:
2554:
2533:
2531:
2522:
2520:
2511:
2509:
2480:
2478:
2451:
2443:
2435:
2425:
2423:
2401:
2394:
2365:
2363:
2339:
2337:
2328:
2327:
2324:/ˈfriːrʌnɪŋ/
2318:
2316:
2309:
2302:
2295:
2275:
2273:
2264:
2262:
2251:
2247:
2232:
2225:
2216:
2215:
2203:
2185:
2122:
2099:
2075:polysyllabic
2040:lexical sets
2028:
2027:
1973:
1969:
1918:
1902:
1888:
1884:
1865:
1851:
1847:
1807:
1803:
1784:
1780:
1763:
1759:
1722:
1708:
1693:
1679:
1674:
1657:
1656:active, foll
1653:
1649:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1611:
1607:
1602:
1587:
1583:
1578:
1540:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1510:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1481:
1456:
1449:
1435:
1429:
1412:
1397:
1381:
1366:
1349:
1343:
1335:
1331:
1325:
1308:
1302:
1286:
1269:
1264:
1249:
1245:
1239:
1222:
1218:
1204:
1200:
1194:
1177:
1172:
1156:
1139:
1125:
1121:
1115:
1099:
1086:
1080:
1064:
1051:
1045:
1028:
1014:
1010:
1004:
987:
973:
969:
965:
959:
941:
926:
922:
916:
864:
860:
844:
840:
826:
822:
807:
803:
788:
784:
769:
754:
750:
736:
732:
717:
702:
698:
694:
690:
675:
671:
667:
652:
637:
633:
618:
614:
610:
596:
592:
588:
573:
569:
565:
549:
535:
531:
527:
513:
509:
505:
490:
476:
472:
468:
454:
450:
446:
442:
427:
423:
408:
393:
389:
375:
371:
357:
353:
338:
334:
330:
315:
311:
296:
281:
277:
273:
259:
255:
212:
208:
204:
200:
194:
190:
187:
172:
154:
147:
142:
136:
134:
85:and ⟨⟩, see
54:This is the
53:
40:
7427:Departments
7403:Directories
7353:Magic words
7338:Hidden text
7308:Wiki markup
7137:Cite errors
7041:Discussions
7021:Biographies
6986:(live chat)
6733:Directories
6559:Comparisons
6325:Piedmontese
6250:Marshallese
6053:Greenlandic
5971:Old English
5851:Azerbaijani
5367:, pp. 98–9.
5331:, pp. 33–5.
5268:PhonetiBlog
5237:, pp. 94–5.
5189:, pp. 91–2.
5153:4 September
5009:/ɒnˈsɒmbəl/
4761:merge with
4377:, not with
4347:idea, real,
4345:Words like
4202:hire, flour
3570:marry–merry
3377:diaphonemes
3357:syllabicity
2789:n orthodoxy
2153:New Zealand
2147:(including
2125:diaphonemes
2093:and others
1549:Weak vowels
1523:bane, forew
426:es, hallelu
150:links below
7452:Guidelines
7323:Characters
7267:Talk pages
7216:Logging in
7210:link color
7164:Minor edit
7117:Categories
7071:References
6928:Style-tips
6848:Navigation
6787:Disclaimer
6770:Principles
6721:Cheatsheet
6660:Visit the
6510:Vietnamese
6335:Portuguese
6285:Neapolitan
6210:Macedonian
6195:Lithuanian
6103:Indonesian
5861:Belarusian
5720:IPA Reader
5131:References
4999:bon vivant
4834:/ˈfɒloʊər/
4830:/ˈfɒləwər/
4763:/əl,ən,əm/
4759:/ɪl,ɪn,ɪm/
4741:rhyme and
3855:hallelujah
3805:/ˈmɛn.juː/
3507:Charis SIL
3263:/ˈdʒɛʔlæɡ/
3255:/ˈdʒɛtlæɡ/
3106:allophonic
2779:northodoxy
2582:/ˈdeɪruːm/
2345:/ˈdeɪruːm/
2137:Australian
2131:, British
1905:de siècle
1634:zarre, Lat
1334:dacious, c
234:Consonants
7378:Templates
7333:Elevation
7313:Barcharts
7271:archiving
7255:Reverting
7243:Passwords
7226:Page name
7201:Infoboxes
7191:Footnotes
7036:Consensus
6901:Etiquette
6858:Searching
6833:Copyright
6674:Q & A
6669:Help desk
6490:Ukrainian
6370:Sardinian
6300:Norwegian
6270:Mirandese
6265:Mongolian
6225:Malayalam
6108:Inuktitut
6093:Icelandic
6088:Hungarian
6041:Colognian
6036:Alemannic
5983:Esperanto
5914:Cantonese
5881:Bulgarian
5786:Afrikaans
5574:145535175
5515:145584883
5249:, p. 601.
5225:, p. 240.
4733:, making
4695:Edinburgh
4607:⟩. When ⟨
4375:/iːə,uːə/
4156:voiceless
3971:like RP,
3642:nasalized
3464:dialect.
3267:/ˈdɔːʔər/
3259:/ˈdɔːtər/
3183:), as in
3140:spied her
3121:Australia
2711:/ˈskwɛər/
2682:/ˈfoʊkəs/
2646:/ˈskwɛər/
2313:/ˈskwɛər/
2270:/'fɑːðər/
2206:. Before
2034:Words in
1999:/ˈhaɪ.ər/
1956:Examples
1950:Examples
1834:Examples
1812:(, , or )
1789:(, , or )
1768:(, , or )
1746:Examples
1564:Examples
1490:ntidy, tr
1203:storic, s
902:Examples
243:Examples
97:Shortcuts
72:talk page
68:consensus
7516:Category
7462:Policies
7447:Glossary
7419:Contents
7363:Sections
7238:Redirect
6988:tutorial
6863:Students
6838:Glossary
6663:Teahouse
6505:Venetian
6475:Tigrinya
6390:Sicilian
6365:Sanskrit
6350:Romanian
6215:Malagasy
6190:Ligurian
6140:Japanese
6068:Hawaiian
6058:Gujarati
6031:Standard
6023:Georgian
6018:Galician
5988:Estonian
5941:Corsican
5909:Mandarin
5905:Chinese
5894:Standard
5890:Catalan
5841:Asturian
5836:Assamese
5831:Armenian
5824:Tunisian
5819:Lebanese
5809:Egyptian
5791:Albanian
5645:(1982).
5596:(eds.).
5584:(2011).
5478:, p. 57.
5442:, p. 56.
5379:, p. 98.
5319:, p. 58.
5084:⟩, come
5039:, as in
5006:ensemble
4980:Chanukah
4945:⟩, not ⟨
4912:⟩, not ⟨
4688:doubling
4423:American
4172:loud/how
4168:ride/pie
4026:tomorrow
3784:. Where
3606:flapping
3496:See also
3293:/ˈbɒtəl/
3251:daughter
3237:/ˈbɛdər/
3233:/ˈbɛtər/
3225:Flapping
3195:/ˈnaɪvz/
2982:Scottish
2909:New York
2853:/ˈkɔːld/
2846:/ˈkɔːrd/
2736:/ˈstrʌt/
2653:/ˈnɜːrs/
2602:/ˈlɛtər/
2592:/ˈnɜːrs/
2528:/ˈmɛəri/
2430:and the
2306:/ˈkjʊər/
2281:/'bɒðər/
2202:, as in
2157:Scottish
2141:Canadian
2008:taxpayer
1992:/ˈhaɪər/
1828:Examples
1740:Examples
1692:Californ
1558:Examples
1463:/ˈkjʊər/
1244:, pedigr
1124:stige, l
968:ckade, c
896:Examples
863:ure, bei
356:ind, lea
314:iant, ba
197:the same
175:Help:IPA
105:H:IPA-EN
79:Help:IPA
28:Help:IPA
18:Help:IPA
7328:Columns
7221:Merging
7206:Linking
7169:toolbar
7159:Editing
7149:Convert
6765:Purpose
6666:or the
6597:Symbols
6535:Yiddish
6515:Walloon
6485:Turkmen
6480:Turkish
6470:Tibetan
6440:Tai Lue
6435:Tagalog
6430:Sylheti
6425:Swedish
6415:Swahili
6410:Spanish
6405:Sorbian
6400:Slovene
6360:Russian
6355:Romansh
6345:Quechua
6340:Punjabi
6320:Persian
6305:Occitan
6275:Nahuatl
6245:Marathi
6230:Maltese
6200:Lombard
6185:Latvian
6160:Kurdish
6133:Central
6128:Italian
6113:Inupiaq
6027:German
6003:Finnish
5966:English
5919:Hokkien
5899:Insular
5886:Burmese
5866:Bengali
5800:Arabic
5796:Amharic
5110:stress.
5080:⟩ and ⟨
4995:/ɒ̃,æ̃/
4937:vowel (
4904:vowel (
4869:tensing
4771:cabinet
4379:/ɪə,ʊə/
4367:/ɪə,ʊə/
4351:theatre
4329:⟩ and ⟨
4283:IPAc-en
4087:raising
4057:, use ⟨
3884:in the
3762:Tuesday
3580:before
3503:Gentium
3450:/-fərd/
3305:/ˈæwps/
3301:/ˈbɒtʊ/
3297:/ˈælps/
3188:/ˈnaɪf/
3050:raising
3043:Manning
3039:manning
2921:/jɔːrk/
2894:/t,d,n/
2879:/kɑːrt/
2857:/ˈkɔːd/
2835:/ˈpuːl/
2821:/ˈfiːl/
2761:/ˈpɑːm/
2754:/ˈtræp/
2704:/ˈnɪər/
2561:and/or
2539:/ˈmæri/
2517:/ˈmɛri/
2405:/ˈɡuːs/
2299:/ˈnɪər/
2236:/ˈkɔːt/
2188:tensing
2102:tensing
2091:/iː,uː/
2087:/iː,uː/
1870:/ˈʌʔoʊ/
1854:anukah
1806:, bloss
1610:d, hist
1494:stee, s
1013:ttoo, s
843:eus, re
787:ie, lea
753:igh, pa
735:ina, ca
636:igh, ma
534:ide, ca
512:ile, ca
333:y, brea
160:IPAc-en
119:H:IPAEN
70:on the
7437:Essays
7373:Tables
7368:Sounds
7297:Coding
7076:Tables
7051:Images
6676:forum.
6545:Zhuang
6540:Yoruba
6460:Telugu
6395:Slovak
6330:Polish
6315:Pashto
6290:Nepali
6280:Navajo
6170:Lakota
6165:Kyrgyz
6155:Korean
6145:Kazakh
6073:Hebrew
6013:French
5998:Fijian
5951:Danish
5876:Breton
5871:Berber
5856:Basque
5814:Hejazi
5781:Adyghe
5733:eSpeak
5086:before
5047:, use
5041:Goethe
5011:, etc.
4755:Rosa's
4747:Lennon
4735:rabbit
4644:merger
4605:ɜː, ɜr
4601:əː, ər
4512:/uːər/
4500:merger
4469:merger
4467:caught
4442:merger
4440:hoarse
4431:hoarse
4307:/ʊəˌr/
4305:, and
4303:/ɪəˌr/
4299:/ɛəˌr/
4295:/ʊəˈr/
4291:/ɪəˈr/
4287:/ɛəˈr/
4126:, and
4116:merger
4022:borrow
3993:merger
3991:bother
3987:father
3948:garage
3898:bottle
3833:merger
3798:/jʊər/
3766:choose
3731:/djuː/
3722:, and
3692:/jʊər/
3650:winner
3646:winter
3632:⟩ or ⟨
3622:ladder
3618:latter
3462:rhotic
3454:/-fəd/
3446:-ford
3425:grapes
3395:after
3381:phones
3285:bottle
3247:jetlag
3229:better
3192:knives
3170:pouter
3166:powder
3155:writer
3136:spider
3095:wholly
2929:/njuː/
2905:/njuː/
2850:called
2828:/ˈpʊl/
2814:/ˈfɪl/
2729:/ˈfʊt/
2708:square
2671:/ˈkɪt/
2643:square
2612:. The
2573:as in
2450:as in
2442:as in
2398:/ˈfʊt/
2362:as in
2321:unning
2310:square
2233:caught
2229:/ˈkɒt/
2214:as in
2149:Ulster
2001:higher
1936:Stress
1783:, fast
1762:, doub
1711:ition
1652:, retr
1606:, forw
879:Vowels
825:oo, ha
806:ine, s
530:igh, s
445:ind, s
392:igh, a
374:uy, ba
276:ye, ca
258:uy, ca
195:caught
112:H:IPAE
74:first.
7477:Tools
7467:Tasks
7348:Lists
7186:Files
7066:Lists
7061:Links
7056:Leads
6828:Books
6530:Xhosa
6520:Welsh
6500:Uzbek
6455:Tatar
6450:Tamil
6445:Tajik
6420:Swazi
6260:Mayan
6240:Māori
6220:Malay
6180:Latin
6150:Khmer
6118:Irish
6083:Hmong
6078:Hindi
6048:Greek
5961:Dutch
5946:Czech
5934:Xiang
5571:S2CID
5551:(PDF)
5512:S2CID
5049:/ɜːr/
5033:NURSE
5031:-ful
4939:/ʊər/
4906:/ɪər/
4867:happy
4767:Latin
4751:roses
4743:Lenin
4739:abbot
4674:, or
4642:furry
4638:hurry
4633:/ɜːr/
4613:/ɜːr/
4593:/ɜːr/
4580:split
4578:strut
4520:/ɔːr/
4516:/uːr/
4508:/ʊər/
4504:/ʊər/
4498:force
4489:/ɔːr/
4485:/ʊər/
4436:horse
4427:horse
4361:with
4359:cruel
4273:, or
4222:diary
4198:coyer
4164:mouth
4160:price
4132:/ɛər/
4120:/ɛər/
4114:merry
4110:marry
4042:/ɔːr/
4038:/ɑːr/
4034:/ɑːr/
4030:sorry
4018:/ɔːr/
3944:genre
3896:, or
3861:fjord
3831:whine
3796:, or
3790:/juː/
3738:/duː/
3690:, or
3684:/juː/
3546:Notes
3417:let's
3385:let's
3355:(the
3331:Russi
3211:/ɜːr/
3203:/ɛər/
3185:knife
3151:rider
3032:/ʊər/
3028:/ɔːr/
3012:pause
3005:/ɔːr/
3001:force
2997:north
2990:/ɜːr/
2733:strut
2719:/ɛər/
2715:/ɪər/
2686:schwa
2661:/ɜːr/
2657:/ɛər/
2650:nurse
2622:/ɜːr/
2618:hurry
2606:/ɜːr/
2589:nurse
2571:/eɪr/
2547:/ɛər/
2503:/iːr/
2499:/ɪər/
2491:/iːr/
2487:/ɪər/
2471:/uːr/
2467:/ʊər/
2456:/uːr/
2452:nurse
2448:/ɜːr/
2444:north
2440:/ɔːr/
2432:/ʊər/
2402:goose
2388:/uːr/
2384:/ʊər/
2376:/uːr/
2372:/ʊər/
2331:ating
2186:happy
2145:Irish
2100:Happy
2097:(see
2095:/ɪ,ʊ/
2083:/i,u/
2048:CLOTH
2029:Notes
1976:tion
1921:bius
1802:rhyth
1682:ocre
1678:, med
1590:zaar
1582:, abb
1272:ious
1221:or, S
1128:ngth
976:ther
929:ther
697:y, ca
693:ie, s
674:, emo
670:y, ca
617:y, ve
613:ye, t
595:y, ca
591:ie, s
572:k, si
475:y, ga
471:ie, p
337:e, fa
213:merry
209:marry
207:, or
16:<
7472:Tips
7442:FAQs
7343:HTML
7154:Diff
6984:IRC
6685:FAQs
6550:Zulu
6495:Urdu
6465:Thai
6385:Shan
6310:Odia
6235:Manx
6123:Isan
6098:Igbo
5956:Dari
5771:keys
5714:JAWS
5687:ISBN
5663:ISBN
5630:ISBN
5604:ISBN
5530:ISBN
5155:2023
5053:/ɜː/
5043:and
5021:/ɜː/
4972:loch
4949:⟩, ⟨
4935:CURE
4916:⟩, ⟨
4902:NEAR
4883:and
4881:/uː/
4862:/iː/
4856:and
4854:/iː/
4814:/oʊ/
4810:/əw/
4802:/oʊ/
4798:/əw/
4794:/əw/
4788:and
4786:/oʊ/
4753:and
4745:and
4737:and
4702:/ər/
4676:/əm/
4672:/ən/
4668:/əl/
4664:/ər/
4629:/ʌr/
4617:/ər/
4597:/ər/
4574:foot
4494:cure
4473:/ɑː/
4454:/ɔː/
4429:and
4391:/oʊ/
4363:/ʊə/
4357:and
4355:/ɪə/
4349:and
4275:/ʊə/
4271:/ɪə/
4267:/ɛə/
4242:/eɪ/
4216:and
4206:coir
4204:and
4196:and
4152:/aʊ/
4148:/aɪ/
4128:/ɛr/
4124:/ær/
4106:Mary
4028:and
4014:/ɒr/
4001:/ɑː/
3956:/dʒ/
3946:and
3894:cold
3858:and
3827:wine
3818:/hw/
3802:menu
3794:/ju/
3780:and
3774:/zj/
3772:and
3770:/sj/
3758:/dʒ/
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