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843:(Clockwise from top) the official residence for the Canadian monarch and the governor general; stair to basement level from the original foyer; grand salon in the 1984 addition; twin spiral staircases in the new entrance hall; solarium; a sitting room in the 1831 wing; a sitting room in the 1984 wing; original main staircase; dining room in the 1831 wing
305:. The modern citadel was built from 1820 to 1850, in an effort to secure Quebec City against a potential American attack. The British used the citadel until 1871, when they formally handed the property over to the Canadian government. Following the handover, the citadel was used as a military installation by the
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tower. It is a compact, tall, two story stone structure of several architectural shapes. The rectangular section with a gabled roof was the former observatory and the square section formerly housed the time ball installation topped with an antenna. The building is entered from the ground floor of its
993:
Building 7, also known as the
Memorial Building, forms part of a complex of three structures, which includes a chapel and a workshop, situated near the parade ground. They are attached by a 19th-century protective wall. It is a small, rectangular, one-story masonry edifice with a pyramidal stone roof
989:
Building 5, the Former Powder
Magazine, is a low, rectangular stone structure with a gabled roof and a surrounding protective blast wall. Two doors at ground level and three openings at gable level pierce the symmetrical façade. Along the plain side elevations are three half-barrel-vaulted passages,
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Building 1, the Former
Hospital Administration Building, is the principal structure in Mann's Bastion. It is a two-story, rectangular, symmetrical stone structure with a hipped-roof pierced by two brick chimneys. The west-facing facade features restrained decorative detailing of pilasters supporting
1024:
Building 17, also known as the Men's
Barracks, stands on the south side of the parade ground near the throat of the Dalhousie Bastion. Two stories high for most of its length, the rectangular building has exterior walls of stone and features symmetrical elevations, a hipped, copper clad roof, and a
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This new wing was built at the east end of and at a slight angle to the 1831 structure, the roof being copper and the exterior walls of the same masonry as the adjacent buildings, but, using more regulated block sizes and a flatter relief of pilasters and windows, as well as less detailing overall.
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in 1867, Canada became responsible for its own defence; the
British departed the Citadelle in 1871. Two batteries of the Royal Canadian Artillery were established at the Citadelle and an artillery school was opened in 1871, followed by a cavalry school. From the late 19th century, living conditions
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The former caponier, Building 46, is located at the south end of the ditch separating the counterscarp from the Men's
Barracks. Its two walls and small turret in the middle of its gabled roof are the only visible elements of this small stone building. It is integrated with the ramparts and pierced
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Building 32, formerly the
Defensive Guard House, is located at the eastern end of the north main ditch below the King's Bastion. It is a small, squat, one story masonry edifice with a gable roof supported by wood rafters. A chimney rises through the roof, which is covered in painted tin sheeting.
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Building 15, constructed in 1750, also known as the powder magazine, houses the Museum of the Royal 22 RĂ©giment and
Canadian Forces Museum, which collects, preserves, and displays artifacts of Canadian military historical significance, as well as the Museum, which features weapons, uniforms, and
1005:
Located within the King's
Bastion and adjacent to the governor general's residence, Building 10 is the former military prison and presently the museum annex. Constructed in 1842, it is a two-story rectangular stone structure with a hipped roof pierced by three brick chimneys. The west elevation
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Building 2, also known as the Men's
Barracks, was formerly the armory and powder magazine. It faces the parade ground near the throat of the Prince of Wales Bastion. It is a long, rectangular, two story masonry building built of smooth limestone with a hipped roof clad in sheet copper. The main
902:
Soon after the building became a royal residence, additions to accommodate the viceregal party and household were required, including a ballroom and sunroom. These, however, were, on 2 February 1976, destroyed by fire and the other rooms of the residence suffered smoke and water damage. The
554:'s design for an arms, munitions, and supplies depot, as well as a barracks. That, though, was somewhat of an anachronism by the time of the fort's completion, in comparison to other contemporary European military architecture. Additional buildings were completed in 1850.
685:
to Canada are held at the Citadelle. The residence is also open to the public, running a visitors' program and free tours of the state rooms throughout the year as well as educational tours for students. The Citadelle attracts approximately 200,000 visitors each year.
434:
four years before Murray's appointment as governor in 1763). He urged the construction of a citadel, but the imperial government at Westminster, like the French before, deemed a large fort to be of little value; a smaller, wooden citadel was built.
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Building 14, the former ordnance store, stands along the parade ground. The long, rectangular two story structure is constructed of stone with a hipped roof clad in copper sheet. The symmetrical façade features small, evenly spaced windows.
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The Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada designated the Citadel as a national historic site in 1946. The fortress was designated as a National Historic Site of Canada in 1980 and, five years later, the Historic District of
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and linked together by a continuous, narrow skylight, under which crystal pendants of different lengths hang and transfer the natural light into the rooms. Interiors of the modern addition were designed by Quebec artist
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on 31 December. There, Montgomery was killed and Arnold wounded and forced to retreat. The Americans attempted to keep Quebec under siege, but withdrew after the arrival of British reinforcements in the spring of 1776.
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for soldiers at the fort gradually improved; canteens were opened and the casemates were made more comfortable. The preservation of much of the fortifications and defences of Quebec is due to the intervention of
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a flat cornice along the length of the five-bay façade. Loopholes are visible on the second floor on both sides of the building. The rear elevation facing into the bastion is functional and plain in appearance.
301:
The strategic importance of Cap Diamant was recognized by the French as early as 1608. Several defensive fortifications were built on the site first by the French and then by the British after their
915:; the stairs have wood handrails with aluminum pickets and between, the flights, is a niche for sculpture. On the upper level are an event space, lounge, and sunroom with a terrace overlooking the
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546:. Intended to secure Quebec City against the Americans and serve as a refuge for the British garrison in the event of attack or rebellion, the Citadelle incorporated a section of the French
569:, who also established the Citadelle as a viceregal residence in 1872, reviving a tradition dating to the founding of New France. Since 1920, the Citadelle has been the home station of the
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907:(which oversees the infrastructure of the Citadelle) restored the original wing and new state rooms were built in place of the lost post-1872 additions, the work being completed in 1984.
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899:, in beige, cream, and gold. The Small Dining Room is similarly Georgian in decor, with robin's egg blue walls and white-painted trim. From the ceiling hang two crystal chandeliers.
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665:. The latter, by tradition, resides there for several weeks during the summer as well as other shorter periods throughout the year. As is done at the other federal royal residence,
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2658:
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The proposal to build a full fort was deemed by the government in France to be too costly, despite both the importance and vulnerability of Quebec City. After the fall of
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facing the citadel is restrained but decorated by pilasters. Loopholes pierce the walls on both stories. There are several irregularly placed windows with iron bars.
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or noon-day prayer, and at 9:30 pm, marking the curfew for soldiers in the city. The tradition has continued since 1871, save for between 1994 and 2008.
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Clearly seen from the river and aligned on the meridian for observation purposes, Building 20, also known as the Ball House, is the former observatory and
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headquarters for the Royal 22 RĂ©giment. Several military ceremonies related to the regiment also take place at the Citadelle's parade ground, such as the
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forms part of the fortifications of Quebec City, which is one of only two cities in North America still surrounded by fortifications, the other being
704:. It can be heard throughout Quebec City. Originally, two guns were fired each day, at noon to alert Quebec City residents of the lunch hour and the
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884:. Within is a foyer with marble tile floor, a stair descending to the basement, and, through another set of doors in a screen with translucent
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The Museum of the Royal 22nd Regiment, is located at La Citadelle. Its features items of historical significance to the Canadian military.
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at the base of the escarpment. The promontory was practically insurmountable and thus the only side of the settlement ever to be heavily
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The entrance into the original area of the residence is through a set of double doors beneath a neo-classical porch bearing the words
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since 1872. The residence today has a total of 153 rooms over 4,459 square metres (48,000 sq ft), including offices for the
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were completed before 1812. A citadel was a key part of Mann's design, but no fort was built because the cost was deemed prohibitive.
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façade of the building has little ornamentation and is regulated and orderly, with small, regularly placed, multi-paned windows.
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and a row of windows on all four elevations. Its principal façade is distinguished by a modern porchway. Governor General
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was a secret military conference between the American, British, and Canadian governments held at La Citadelle.
430:, saw the weakness of Quebec City's defences (indeed, Murray's post existed precisely because the British had
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1737:"2008 May Report of the Auditor General of Canada > Chapter 6—Conservation of Federal Official Residences"
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and of battalion command and the consecration of each successive Batisse the Goat as regimental mascot.
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The wing contains a separate entrance and ceremonial foyer with twin spiral staircases ascending to a
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in 1745, considerable work on the battlements took place under the direction of military engineer
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A-AD-266-000/AG-001 Canadian Forces Museums –Operations and Administration 2002-04-03
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other military artifacts of the Royal 22 RĂ©giment. The Museum is affiliated with:
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presentations and investitures and ceremonies for both incoming and outgoing
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1615:"Staff Headquarters of the Royal 22 Regiment, former Hospital, Building 1"
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was built between 1820 and 1850 under the direction of Lieutenant-Colonel
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Staff Headquarters of the Royal 22 Regiment, former Hospital, Building 1
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1484:(1 ed.), Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada, p. XVII,
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Building 14 is situated southwest of the citadel's parade ground
534:, then Governor-in-Chief of British North America, the existing
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was the west, the only one not naturally protected by the hill.
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Office of the Governor General of Canada (30 September 2014).
450:(labelled Bastion of Cape Diamond) was only fortified by the
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Building 1 is the principal structure of the Mann's Bastion
328:
in 1985. The site receives some 200,000 visitors annually.
1185:
Fortifications of Québec National Historic Site of Canada
318:
Fortifications of Québec National Historic Site of Canada
1161:
Shelldrake: Canadian Artillery Museums and Gun Monuments
1056:
Government Houses of the British Empire and Commonwealth
1021:
Building 16 is the museum office and former cooperage.
466:
in the autumn of 1775, American rebels, led by General
1832:
Regimental Chapel / Former Powder Magazine, Building 5
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of 1943 and 1944, in which Governor General of Canada
2811:
1521:"Governor General to Stay at the Citadelle of Québec"
1766:"Residence of the Governor General at the Citadelle"
515:. The ramparts around the Upper Town cliff and four
1690:"Its History > Traditions > The Noon-Day Gun"
1025:projecting course of stone above the ground floor.
990:or traverses, two on the west and one on the east.
700:A cannon is fired from the fort daily at noon as a
372:)—Major Provost's palisade—was built by command of
2189:
1944:"Fortifications of Québec National Historic Site"
1571:"Eduzone > On Site > Rideau Hall in Ottawa"
1375:
1373:
1324:"Quebec Citadel National Historic Site of Canada"
1244:"Fortifications of Québec National Historic Site"
1157:
138:200 000 sterling pounds, 60 000 estimated in 1816
2871:
742:
1951:Québec Citadel National Historic Site of Canada
1130:
1087:Québec Citadel National Historic Site of Canada
1002:are interred here at the commemorative chapel.
383:in 1690. Three years later, a plan by engineer
224:Québec Citadel National Historic Site of Canada
1992:
1370:
391:was developed by the French military engineer
2588:
2175:
1978:
1668:"Its History > Traditions > Ceremonies"
1454:"Its History > The Fortress of Old Quebec"
1523:. Queen's Printer for Canada. Archived from
1330:, Queen's Printer for Canada, archived from
1137:. Toronto: Dundurn Press. pp. 10, 190.
1033:small porch, which joins the two buildings.
935:
260:
41:
2039:Secretary to the Governor General of Canada
905:Public Works and Government Services Canada
689:Building 1 of the Citadelle is used as the
526:That opinion finally shifted following the
507:, as well as fears of further rebellion in
2905:Buildings and structures completed in 1850
2595:
2581:
2182:
2168:
1985:
1971:
1569:Office of the Governor General of Canada.
1546:Office of the Governor General of Canada.
1430:Office of the Governor General of Canada.
1407:Office of the Governor General of Canada.
1350:
1348:
1321:
1760:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1731:
1729:
399:'s Commissary General of Fortifications,
309:and as a royal and vice-regal residence.
2024:Deputy of the Governor General of Canada
1739:. Queen's Printer for Canada. 2008-05-06
1712:"Official Residences > The Citadelle"
1241:
1008:
976:
939:
720:Map of the citadel with building numbers
715:
632:
613:, were held at the Citadelle of Quebec.
486:
482:
437:
2880:Buildings and structures in Quebec City
1474:
1345:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1164:. Bloomington: iUniverse. p. 119.
354:
14:
2950:French colonial architecture in Canada
2872:
2124:Flag of the governor general of Canada
1751:
1726:
1432:"History > The Citadelle of Québec"
1356:"Its History > A Historic Treasure"
1082:
1080:
156:The Crown of Great Britain and Ireland
2885:Canadian federal government buildings
2576:
2163:
1966:
1639:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1305:
387:for new, 75-metre (246 ft) wide
339:'s strategic value was identified by
320:. The fortress is located within the
1956:Canadian Register of Historic Places
1927:Canadian Register of Historic Places
1909:Canadian Register of Historic Places
1891:Canadian Register of Historic Places
1873:Canadian Register of Historic Places
1855:Canadian Register of Historic Places
1837:Canadian Register of Historic Places
1819:Canadian Register of Historic Places
1792:Canadian Register of Historic Places
1222:
1190:Canadian Register of Historic Places
1092:Canadian Register of Historic Places
550:of 1745 and the layout was based on
2795:
2008:List of governors general of Canada
1077:
895:, is a hall; both rooms are in the
379:and completed just in time for the
24:
2935:Military and war museums in Canada
1395:
1302:
968:
412:Gaspard-Joseph Chaussegros de LĂ©ry
377:Louis de Buade, sieur de Frontenac
25:
2986:
2945:National Historic Sites in Quebec
2895:1745 establishments in New France
2604:National Historic Sites of Canada
1936:
1204:"Historic District of Old Québec"
919:. The former two areas are fully
2857:
2845:
2833:
2821:
2794:
2782:
2770:
2759:
2758:
2143:
2142:
833:
824:
813:
802:
793:
782:
771:
762:
751:
641:at La Citadelle's parade grounds
567:the Marquess of Dufferin and Ava
446:in 1775. The site of the modern
385:Josué Boisberthelot de Beaucours
314:National Historic Site of Canada
214:National Historic Site of Canada
59:
2029:Administrator of the Government
1915:
1897:
1879:
1861:
1843:
1825:
1807:
1798:
1780:
1704:
1682:
1660:
1646:www.theecanadianencyclopedia.ca
1633:
1607:
1585:
1562:
1539:
1512:
1468:
1446:
1423:
1193:. Retrieved 16 September 2011.
1095:. Retrieved 16 September 2011.
853:structure built in 1831 by the
645:The Citadelle is a functioning
417:
322:Historic District of Old Québec
2890:1740s establishments in Canada
1322:Desloge, Yvon; Kudelik, Gail,
1280:
1258:
1196:
1178:
1151:
1124:
1098:
857:, has been a residence of the
552:SĂ©bastien Le Prestre de Vauban
442:A map of the Quebec during an
401:SĂ©bastien Le Prestre de Vauban
374:Governor General of New France
359:
13:
1:
2915:Official residences in Canada
2900:1820 establishments in Canada
1692:. Musée Royal 22 Régiment puc
1071:
743:Royal and viceregal residence
424:lieutenant governor of Quebec
343:in 1608 and led him to found
1946:. Parks Canada. 17 May 2023.
1573:. Queen's Printer for Canada
1550:. Queen's Printer for Canada
1434:. Queen's Printer for Canada
1411:. Queen's Printer for Canada
1246:. Queen's Printer for Canada
863:governor general's secretary
711:
162:The Crown in Right of Canada
7:
2970:Government Houses in Canada
2562:Government Houses in Canada
2129:Viceregal eponyms in Canada
2034:Viceregal consort of Canada
1640:PĂ©pin, Carl (14 May 2021).
1051:Government Houses in Canada
1044:
876:and the crest of the Royal
628:
593:William Lyon Mackenzie King
176:The King in Right of Canada
10:
2991:
2910:Military history of Quebec
1994:Governor General of Canada
1930:. Retrieved 15 June 2019.
1912:. Retrieved 15 June 2019.
1894:. Retrieved 5 April 2009.
1876:. Retrieved 5 April 2009.
1858:. Retrieved 15 June 2019.
1840:. Retrieved 15 June 2019.
1822:. Retrieved 15 June 2019.
1795:. Retrieved 5 April 2009.
1158:Skaarup, Harold A (2012).
1110:Governor General of Canada
859:governor general of Canada
849:The Officer's Barracks, a
564:Governor General of Canada
460:American Revolutionary War
331:
276:governor general of Canada
27:Building in Quebec, Canada
2960:History museums in Quebec
2753:
2737:
2711:
2639:Newfoundland and Labrador
2611:
2506:
2480:
2458:
2436:
2416:Newfoundland and Labrador
2414:
2392:
2370:
2350:
2324:
2302:
2280:
2239:
2208:
2201:
2137:
2111:
2091:Governor General's Awards
2068:
2047:
2016:
2000:
1670:. Musée Royal 22 Régiment
1595:. Musée Royal 22 Régiment
1456:. Musée Royal 22 Régiment
1409:"The Citadelle of Québec"
1383:. Musée Royal 22 Régiment
1358:. Musée Royal 22 Régiment
1290:. Musée Royal 22 Régiment
1268:. Musée Royal 22 Régiment
1208:World Heritage Convention
393:Jacques Levasseur de Néré
324:, which was designated a
240:
236:
228:
220:
211:
207:
199:
191:
186:
171:
142:
134:
126:
87:
76:
71:
67:
58:
39:
34:
2940:Military forts in Quebec
2282:Leader of the Opposition
1642:"The Royal 22e RĂ©giment"
1131:Bousfield, Gary (2002).
963:Virtual Museum of Canada
936:Royal 22 RĂ©giment Museum
590:Prime Minister of Canada
499:As tensions between the
476:attempted to take Quebec
395:and approved in 1701 by
152:(1693, 1701, 1745, 1750)
1066:Ramparts of Quebec City
609:discussed strategy for
452:ramparts of Quebec City
187:Design and construction
2930:Museums in Quebec City
2920:French forts in Canada
1621:. Government of Canada
1112:. Government of Canada
1014:
982:
945:
724:The fort is an uneven
721:
642:
597:British Prime Minister
559:Canadian Confederation
519:(still extant) on the
496:
493:1943 Quebec Conference
455:
444:American siege of city
316:and forms part of the
303:conquest of New France
261:
255:
43:La Citadelle de Québec
42:
2925:Houses in Quebec City
2719:Northwest Territories
2101:King's Venturer Award
1768:. Quebec City Tourism
1134:Fifty Years the Queen
1012:
980:
943:
719:
695:changing of the guard
651:Canadian Armed Forces
647:military installation
636:
607:Franklin D. Roosevelt
540:Elias Walker Durnford
509:British North America
490:
483:Present fortification
441:
432:conquered Quebec City
366:first protective wall
307:Canadian Armed Forces
268:military installation
2681:Prince Edward Island
2482:Prince Edward Island
2304:Speaker of the House
1593:"La Citadelle Today"
1288:"Under British Rule"
623:World Heritage Sites
532:the Duke of Richmond
355:Early fortifications
127:Construction started
2975:Royal 22nd Regiment
2191:Official residences
2086:Chief Scout's Award
2060:Citadelle of Quebec
1266:"The French Regime"
735:and three straight
731:and comprises four
639:Royal 22nd Regiment
586:the Earl of Athlone
341:Samuel de Champlain
326:World Heritage Site
312:The Citadelle is a
256:Citadelle de Québec
248:Citadelle of Quebec
150:The Crown of France
111:46.8074°N 71.2071°W
107: /
72:General information
35:Citadelle of Quebec
2777:History portal
1648:. Historica Canada
1527:on 23 January 2015
1501:on 4 February 2016
1334:on 23 January 2015
1015:
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917:St. Lawrence River
870:GOUVERNEUR GÉNÉRAL
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683:high commissioners
655:official residence
643:
582:Quebec Conferences
497:
468:Richard Montgomery
456:
422:The first British
272:official residence
270:and the secondary
158:(1820, 1831, 1842)
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2789:Canada portal
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2326:State guest house
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1491:978-0-662-46012-1
1478:A Crown of Maples
1381:"Canadian Period"
600:Winston Churchill
571:Royal 22 RĂ©giment
521:Plains of Abraham
284:Plains of Abraham
258:), also known as
244:
243:
116:46.8074; -71.2071
18:Citadel of Quebec
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262:La Citadelle
259:
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192:Architect(s)
130:1820 to 1850
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2800:WikiProject
2712:Territories
2696:Quebec City
2644:Nova Scotia
2606:by location
2547:Quebec City
2460:Nova Scotia
2450:Fredericton
2273:(temporary)
2231:Quebec City
2218:Rideau Hall
2076:Named after
2055:Rideau Hall
1922:Building 46
1904:Building 20
1886:Building 16
1787:Building 15
726:star shaped
702:time signal
679:ambassadors
667:Rideau Hall
528:War of 1812
513:Gother Mann
458:During the
360:French-rule
345:Quebec City
337:Cap Diamant
288:Quebec City
280:Cap Diamant
232:15 May 1946
180:Charles III
114: /
89:Coordinates
81:Quebec City
2965:Time balls
2955:Old Quebec
2874:Categories
2428:St. John's
2360:lieutenant
2355:Residences
2351:Provincial
2048:Residences
1850:Building 7
1772:22 January
1743:19 January
1718:19 January
1696:19 January
1674:19 January
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1362:18 January
1338:2 February
1294:19 January
1272:19 January
1250:23 January
1072:References
889:sidelights
851:neo-Norman
619:Old Québec
426:, General
408:Louisbourg
298:, Mexico.
229:Designated
102:71°12′26″W
99:46°48′27″N
2612:Provinces
2362:governors
2290:Stornoway
1116:August 7,
1030:time ball
712:Buildings
536:star fort
349:fortified
2852:Monarchy
2764:Category
2691:Montreal
2659:Kingston
2654:Hamilton
2629:Manitoba
2556:Montreal
2520:Edmonton
2406:Winnipeg
2394:Manitoba
2384:Victoria
2312:The Farm
2148:Category
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1045:See also
893:fanlight
882:tympanum
733:bastions
661:and its
657:of both
649:for the
629:Function
548:enceinte
503:and the
464:Montreal
389:enceinte
370:enceinte
296:Campeche
200:Engineer
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2840:History
2814:Portals
2724:Nunavut
2674:Toronto
2664:Niagara
2649:Ontario
2619:Alberta
2538:Toronto
2472:Halifax
2202:Federal
880:in the
872:on the
729:citadel
706:Angelus
573:of the
542:of the
448:citadel
332:History
292:citadel
274:of the
195:Various
2828:Canada
2745:France
2686:Quebec
2669:Ottawa
2529:Regina
2508:Former
2357:of the
2338:Ottawa
2294:Ottawa
2271:Ottawa
2253:Ottawa
2222:Ottawa
2195:Canada
2069:Awards
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671:Ottawa
602:, and
557:After
252:French
164:(1872)
143:Client
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2560:See:
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1499:(PDF)
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691:staff
172:Owner
2001:Main
1774:2015
1745:2015
1720:2015
1698:2015
1676:2015
1654:2022
1627:2022
1601:2015
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1486:ISBN
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1252:2015
1216:2011
1166:ISBN
1139:ISBN
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961:and
959:OMMC
955:CHIN
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