254:
to "the affairs of the Lord", they give themselves entirely to God and to men. Celibacy is a sign of this new life to the service of which the Church's minister is consecrated; accepted with a joyous heart celibacy radiantly proclaims the Reign of God. In the
Eastern Churches a different discipline has been in force for many centuries: while bishops are chosen solely from among celibates, married men can be ordained as deacons and priests. This practice has long been considered legitimate; these priests exercise a fruitful ministry within their communities. Moreover, priestly celibacy is held in great honor in the Eastern Churches and many priests have freely chosen it for the sake of the Kingdom of God. In the East as in the West a man who has already received the sacrament of Holy Orders can no longer marry.
1069:
this proposition; he said that marriage was honorable and chaste, and that cohabitation with their own wives was chastity, and advised the Synod not to frame such a law, for it would be difficult to bear, and might serve as an occasion of incontinence to them and their wives; and he reminded them, that according to the ancient tradition of the church, those who were unmarried when they took part in the communion of sacred orders, were required to remain so, but that those who were married, were not to put away their wives. Such was the advice of
Paphnutius, although he was himself unmarried, and in accordance with it, the Synod concurred in his counsel, enacted no law about it, but left the matter to the decision of individual judgment, and not to compulsion.
1248:(died 565) ordered that "sacred canons permit neither the pious presbyter, nor the devoted deacons or subdeacons to contract marriage after their ordination". If they, "in disregard of the sacred canons, have children by women with whom, according to sacerdotal regulation, they may not cohabit" their children would be considered illegitimate on the same level as those "procreated in incest and in nefarious nuptials", while the clergy would be "deprived of their priesthood, their sacred ministry and the dignity itself which they hold." As for bishops, he forbade "any one to be ordained bishop who has children or grandchildren".
1264:
men who are in holy orders be from this time forward firm, by no means dissolving their union with their wives nor depriving them of their mutual intercourse at a convenient time. Wherefore, if anyone shall have been found worthy to be ordained subdeacon, or deacon, or presbyter, he is by no means to be prohibited from admittance to such a rank, even if he shall live with a lawful wife. Nor shall it be demanded of him at the time of his ordination that he promise to abstain from lawful intercourse with his wife: lest we should affect injuriously marriage constituted by God and blessed by his presence.
1361:, continued to deal with questions concerning married men who were ordained legally. In 1322, Pope John XXII insisted that no one bound in marriage—even if unconsummated—could be ordained unless there was full knowledge of the requirements of church law. If the free consent of the wife had not been obtained, the husband, even if already ordained, was to be reunited with his wife, exercise of his ministry being barred. Accordingly, the assumption that a wife might not want to give up her marital rights may have been one of the factors contributing to the eventual universal practice in the
3649:"Otto, the bishop of Constance, refused to enforce with his own clergy Gregory VII's directives regarding clerics and women. When Bishop Altmann of Passau tried, on the contrary, to implement the reforms, the clergy attacked him and with the help of imperial troops drove him out of his diocese. A cleric, probably Ulrich, the bishop of Imola, took up his pen about 1060 in a defense of clerical marriage that assumed conjugal relations after the ordination of the spouse. Ulrich's 'Rescript' influenced other writings in the same vein that continued to appear into the 12th century" (
5537:
3468:"What is said in this canon, that the council of Carthage orders priests to abstain from their wives at prescribed periods, is a misunderstanding of the decree, caused either by malice or by ignorance. This canon is one of those adopted by the Fifth Council of Carthage held in the year 400, and it is decreed that subdeacons, deacons, priests, and bishops shall abstain from their wives, following the ancient statutes, and shall be as though they had them not. The Greek version of this canon has rendered the Latin words
1343:
unbecoming that they indulge in marriage and in impurities. Canon 7: Following in the footsteps of our predecessors, the Roman pontiffs
Gregory VII, Urban, and Paschal, we command that no one attend the masses of those who are known to have wives or concubines. But that the law of continence and purity, so pleasing to God, may become more general among persons constituted in sacred orders, we decree that bishops, priests, deacons, subdeacons, canons regular, monks, and professed clerics
977:(306) is often seen as the first to issue a written regulation requiring clergy to abstain from sexual intercourse. Its canon 33 decreed: "Bishops, presbyters, deacons, and others with a position in the ministry are to abstain completely from sexual intercourse with their wives and from the procreation of children. If anyone disobeys, he shall be removed from the clerical office." It is disputed whether this canon mandated permanent continence or only, as is the practice in the
829:, added a negative influence by proclaiming that sexual expression – including that of the laity – was impure. Catholic leaders, such as St. Augustine, taught that Original Sin was transmitted through intercourse. Therefore, abstinence and virginity was the ideal life and only the weak should marry. However, most bishops and presbyters continued to marry. In fact, the only marriages that had to have any kind of blessing were those of deacons and priests.
1857:
for the things of the world, how he may please his wife: and he is divided. And the unmarried woman and the virgin thinketh on the things of the Lord, that she may be holy both in body and spirit. But she that is married thinketh on the things of this world how she may please her husband. And this I speak for your profit, not to cast a snare upon you, but for that which is decent and which may give you power to attend upon the Lord without impediment."
3508:
5850:
1994:
1482:
431:
885:, written in Greek in the first half of the 3rd century, mentions the requirements of chastity on the part of both the bishop and his wife, and of the children being already brought up, when it quotes 1 Timothy 3:2–4 as requiring that, before someone is ordained a bishop, enquiry be made "whether he be chaste, and whether his wife also be a believer and chaste; and whether he has brought up his children in the fear of God".
533:
25:
1165:, that if a priest marries after ordination he must be degraded. For Antoninus to resume relations with his wife was equivalent to marriage after ordination. It was proposed at the Council of Nicaea that married clergy should be compelled to separate from their wives, but the proposal was rejected; though it was generally held that the relations of bishops with their wives should be those of brother and sister."
1464:
notwithstanding the ecclesiastical law, or vow; and that the contrary is no thing else than to condemn marriage; and, that all who do not feel that they have the gift of chastity, even though they have made a vow thereof, may contract marriage; let him be anathema: seeing that God refuses not that gift to those who ask for it rightly, neither does He suffer us to be tempted above that which we are able".
1978:, where a priest maintained his clerical status after he had married a girl he impregnated. In 2012, Kevin Lee, a priest in Australia, revealed that he had maintained his clerical status after he had secretly married for a full year and that church leaders were aware of his secret marriage but disregarded the celibacy policy. The same year, it was revealed that former Los Angeles Auxiliary Bishop
1796:) and Levites were required to practice continence (abstain from sexual intercourse with their wives) before and during their time of service at the temple. They were permitted to resume marital relations after completing their service. Some community functions are, as a rule, filled only by married men. Marriage is encouraged for everyone and men are obligated to have children.
1811:
for his church. Generally, only married men are called to be bishops (who preside over local congregations designated as wards), and marriage in the temple and faithfulness to it are seen as necessary for salvation in the highest heaven. As with most
Christians, all Latter-day Saints, including members of the priesthood, are expected to entirely abstain from unchaste conduct.
1369:
ordination in the Latin Church only with the 1917 Code of Canon Law, the prohibition of marriage for all clerics in major orders began to be taken simply for granted. The Second
Lateran Council is thus often cited as having for the first time introduced a general law of celibacy, requiring ordination only of unmarried men. Somewhat inaccurately, since several of the
1180:
chosen who marries one wife and begets children; but who marries one wife, and has his children in subjection and well disciplined. You surely admit that he is no bishop who during his episcopate begets children. The reverse is the case—if he be discovered, he will not be bound by the ordinary obligations of a husband, but will be condemned as an adulterer."
1004:(385) states: "We have indeed discovered that many priests and deacons of Christ brought children into the world, either through union with their wives or through shameful intercourse. And they used as an excuse the fact that in the Old Testament—as we can read—priests and ministers were permitted to beget children." Two other Papal decrees of the time,
1331:, and the marriages that the second part says must be dissolved may possibly be such marriages, contracted after ordination, not before. Canon 3 makes reference to a rule made at the First Council of Nicaea (see above), which is understood as not forbidding a cleric to live in the same house with a wife whom he married before being ordained.
1016:, demanded an end to the "scandal" of priests failing to uphold perpetual sexual abstinence, and rejected the claim that St. Paul had permitted priests to remain married by declaring that Paul only meant to disbar polygamists. Both decrees described continence as an ancient obligation from scripture and the tradition of the Church fathers.
2032:"People should cultivate chastity in the way that is suited to their state of life. Some profess virginity or consecrated celibacy which enables them to give themselves to God alone with an undivided heart in a remarkable manner. Others live in the way prescribed for all by the moral law, whether they are married or single" (
1881:, the first pope, as well as many subsequent popes, bishops, and priests during the church's first 270 years were in fact married men, and often fathers of children. The practice of clerical continence, along with a prohibition of marriage after ordination as a deacon, priest or bishop, is traceable from the time of the
1674:(formally initiated) to monastic orders. There are also many who are tonsured monastics but have never formally lived the monastic life. Further, a number of bishops are widowers, but because clergy cannot remarry after ordination, such a man must remain celibate after the death of his wife. The Holy See's 1929 decree
1323:
arise. Canon 21: We absolutely forbid priests, deacons, subdeacons, and monks to have concubines or to contract marriage. We decree in accordance with the definitions of the sacred canons, that marriages already contracted by such persons must be dissolved, and that the persons be condemned to do penance.
3812:: "'For have we not the power of eating and drinking?' he does not demonstrate that 'wives' were led about by the apostles, whom even such as have not still have the power of eating and drinking; but simply 'women', who used to minister to them in the same way (as they did) when accompanying the Lord";
1965:
In
February 2019, the Catholic Church acknowledged that the church's celibacy policy has not always been enforced and that at some point in history, the Vatican enacted secret rules to protect priests who violated their vows of celibacy. The rules even applied to Catholic clergy who fathered children
1860:
1 Corinthians 9:5 is sometimes cited by those opposed to mandatory clerical celibacy, as the verse is often rendered as referring to the
Apostles carrying "wives" with them. Even apart from disputes about the significance of the word translated as "wives", this passage is of doubtful relevance to the
1758:
Buddhism, a tradition exists of young men becoming ordained as monks for brief periods (typically a few weeks and generally no more than a year) upon completing education, but then leaving monastic life, and continuing to return to the monastery for short periods of reflection even after marriage (if
1263:
Since we know it to be handed down as a rule of the Roman Church that those who are deemed worthy to be advanced to the diaconate or presbyterate should promise no longer to cohabit with their wives, we, preserving the ancient rule and apostolic perfection and order, will that the lawful marriages of
747:
Do not deprive one another except perhaps by agreement for a set time, to devote yourselves to prayer, and then come together again, so that Satan may not tempt you because of your lack of self-control. This I say by way of concession, not of command. I wish that all were as I myself am. But each has
253:
All the ordained ministers of the Latin Church, with the exception of permanent deacons, are normally chosen from among men of faith who live a celibate life and who intend to remain celibate "for the sake of the kingdom of heaven." Called to consecrate themselves with undivided heart to the Lord and
1856:
Practically speaking, the reasons for celibacy are given by the
Apostle Paul in 1 Corinthians 7:7–8; 32–35: "But I would have you to be without solicitude. He that is without a wife is solicitous for the things that belong to the Lord, how he may please God. But he that is with a wife, is solicitous
993:
asking from God; what the
Apostles taught and what antiquity itself observed, let us also endeavour to keep... It pleases us all that bishop, priest and deacon, guardians of purity, abstain from conjugal intercourse with their wives, so that those who serve at the altar may keep a perfect chastity."
726:
On the other hand, in Luke 18:28–30, Jesus responds to Peter's statement that he and the other disciples had left all and followed him by saying "there is no one who has left house or wife or brothers or parents or children for the sake of the kingdom of God who will not receive back an overabundant
1905:
In the Latin Church exceptions are sometimes made. After the Second
Vatican Council a general exception was made for the ordination as deacons of men of at least thirty-five years of age who are not intended to be ordained later as priests and whose wives consent to their ordination. Since the time
1322:
Canon 3: We absolutely forbid priests, deacons, and subdeacons to associate with concubines and women, or to live with women other than such as the Nicene Council (canon 3) for reasons of necessity permitted, namely, the mother, sister, or aunt, or any such person concerning whom no suspicion could
1191:
of Acts 6:1–6, noticed others being admired for their celibacy. To avoid seeming immoderately devoted to his beautiful wife and therefore inferior in his ministry, he renounced conjugal intercourse forever. While he was able to remain continent for a while, eventually his burning desire overpowered
778:
On the other hand, George T. Dennis SJ of Catholic University of America says: "There is simply no clear evidence of a general tradition or practice, much less of an obligation, of priestly celibacy-continence before the beginning of the fourth century." Peter Fink SJ agrees, saying that underlying
683:
In such a way, Peter and Mark had a common spiritual brotherhood as sons of Christ. Peter might also have had a special spiritual paternity with the Evangelist as his Christian converter and baptizer. However, the presence of Mark in Babylon is unreferenced in the Bible and, in the same manner, the
236:
Clerics are obliged to observe perfect and perpetual continence for the sake of the kingdom of heaven and therefore are bound to celibacy which is a special gift of God by which sacred ministers can adhere more easily to Christ with an undivided heart and are able to dedicate themselves more freely
1810:
reject lifelong clerical celibacy. All worthy males can receive a priesthood office beginning with that of deacon in the year that they turn 12 years of age. A young man is usually encouraged to delay marriage until after he has been ordained an elder and served two years as a full-time missionary
1467:
It also decreed, concerning the relative dignity of marriage and celibacy: "If any one saith, that the marriage state is to be placed above the state of virginity, or of celibacy, and that it is not better and more blessed to remain in virginity, or in celibacy, than to be united in matrimony; let
1352:
This Council thus declared clerical marriages not only illicit though valid, as before, but invalid ("we do not regard as matrimony"). The marriages in question are, again, those contracted by men who already are "bishops, priests, deacons, subdeacons, canons regular, monks and professed clerics".
1347:
who, transgressing the holy precept, have dared to contract marriage, shall be separated. For a union of this kind which has been contracted in violation of the ecclesiastical law, we do not regard as matrimony. Those who have been separated from each other, shall do penance commensurate with such
1179:
argued that the passage in 1 Timothy 3:2–4 did not conflict with the discipline they knew, whereby a married man who became a bishop was to abstain from sexual relations and not marry again: "He speaks of having children, not of begetting them, or marrying again"; "He does not say: Let a bishop be
1068:
While were deliberating about this, some thought that a law ought to be passed enacting that bishops and presbyters, deacons and subdeacons, should hold no intercourse with the wife they had espoused before they entered the priesthood; but Paphnutius, the confessor, stood up and testified against
992:
decreed that bishops, priests and deacons abstain from conjugal relations: "It is fitting that the holy bishops and priests of God as well as the Levites, i.e. those who are in the service of the divine sacraments, observe perfect continence, so that they may obtain in all simplicity what they are
771:
One interpretation of "the husband of one wife" is that the man to be ordained could not have been married more than once and that perfect continence, total abstinence, was expected from him starting on the day of his ordination. Usually these also conclude that, because of the exclusion of sexual
1432:
The Reformers made abolition of clerical continence and celibacy a key element in their reform. They denounced it as opposed to the New Testament recommendation that a cleric should be "the husband of one wife" (see on 1 Timothy 3:2–4 above), the declared right of the apostles to take around with
1268:
The canon mistakenly claims that the canon of the late-4th-century Council of Carthage quoted above excluded conjugal intercourse by clergy lower than bishops only in connection with their liturgical service or in times of fasting. The Council of Carthage excluded such intercourse perpetually and
1342:
Canon 6: We also decree that those who in the subdiaconate and higher orders have contracted marriage or have concubines, be deprived of their office and ecclesiastical benefice. For since they should be and be called the temple of God, the vessel of the Lord, the abode of the Holy Spirit, it is
837:
renounce their wives and do penance. Later legislation declared the marriages of clerics not only illegal but also invalid. Widespread disregard of these laws continued until a reorganization of preparation for priesthood following the Protestant Reformation and the Council of Trent in the 1500s.
1129:
She (God's holy church) does not accept the husband of one wife if he is still co-habiting with her and fathering children. She does accept the abstinent husband of one wife, or the widower, as a deacon, presbyter, bishop and subdeacon, , particularly where the canons of the church are strictly
1210:
to marriage prohibition for priests when he argued that Peter and the other apostles had been married, but had married before they were called and subsequently gave up their marital relations. The Paphnutius legend in the first half of the 5th century called the marriage prohibition an ancient
3816:: "In accordance with this rule Peter and the other Apostles (I must give Jovinianus something now and then out of my abundance) had indeed wives, but those which they had taken before they knew the Gospel. But once they were received into the Apostolate, they forsook the offices of marriage."
1368:
However, although the decrees of the Second Council of the Lateran might still be interpreted in the older sense of prohibiting marriage only after ordination, they came to be understood as absolute prohibitions, and, while the fact of being married was formally made a canonical impediment to
1124:
They have assumed that what is enjoined upon the priesthood because of the priesthood's preeminence applies equally to everyone. They have heard, "The bishop must be blameless, the husband of one wife, continent; likewise the deacon and the presbyter", but not understood the limitation of the
836:
One way church authority enforced celibacy was by ordaining monks, who took the vow of chastity, to evangelize large areas of Europe. Church authority continued to mandate celibacy. The First Lateran Council (1123–1153) forbade those in orders to marry and ordered all those already married to
748:
a particular gift from God, one having one kind and another a different kind. To the unmarried and the widows I say that it is well for them to remain unmarried as I am. But if they are not practicing self-control, they should marry. For it is better to marry than to be aflame with passion.
1463:
considered the matter and at its twenty-fourth session decreed that marriage after ordination was invalid: "If any one saith, that clerics constituted in sacred orders, or Regulars, who have solemnly professed chastity, are able to contract marriage, and that being contracted it is valid,
723:'s mother-in-law indicates that he had at some time been married (Matthew 8:14–15: "when Jesus was come into Peter's house, he saw his wife's mother laid, and sick of a fever.") According to Clement of Alexandria, "Peter and Philip begat children", and Peter's wife suffered martyrdom.
640:
Elizabeth was told to be a relative of Mary, the spouse of Joseph. The celebrating priest of their marriage is unnamed in the Gospels. However, while Zechariah was a direct descendant of Aaron through the class of Abijah who was called to serve in the Second Temple of Jerusalem, Mary
596:
If Jesus rejected the priesthood of Aaron in favor of the priesthood of Melchizedek (Hebrews 7:11), then the case of Zechariah is far more relevant than the possible son of the first Pope, by effect of the direct intervention of God and the existing links between Elizabeth and Mary.
1893:
in 390. The tradition of clerical continence developed into a practice of clerical celibacy (ordaining only unmarried men) from the 11th century onward among Latin Church Catholics and became a formal part of canon law in 1917. This law of clerical celibacy does not apply to
1373:
allow married men to be ordained (though not to be consecrated as bishops), the New Catholic Encyclopedia states: "The Second Lateran Council (1139) seems to have enacted the first written law making sacred orders a diriment impediment to marriage for the universal Church.".
832:
The tradition of celibacy continued to evolve. In some places it was expected that priests be not sexually active after ordination. When monastic spirituality became popular in the fourth and fifth centuries, it promoted the ideal of celibacy as a model for all priests.
1949:
In October 2019, many of the bishops at the Amazon Synod in Rome said that married priests should be allowed in the Roman Catholic Church. Pope Francis neglected the celibacy issue in the post-synodal documents, maintaining prior rules on celibacy for Catholic priests.
1969:
Some clergy who violated the celibacy policy, which also forbids marriage for clergy who did not convert from Protestant faiths, such as Lutheranism or Anglicanism, have also maintained their clerical status after marrying women in secret. One example was shown in the
1156:
was that "after separating from his married wife, he had taken her again". In his note on this phrase, the translator Herbert Moore says: "According to the 'Apostolic Canons', only the lower orders of clergy were allowed to marry after their appointment to office; the
3884:
1130:
observed. But in some places, you will surely tell me, presbyters, deacons and sub-deacons are still fathering children This is not canonical, but is due to men's occasional remissness of purpose, and because there is no one to serve the congregation.
310:
or priests, but may not remarry if their wife dies, and celibacy is required only of bishops. Since celibacy is seen as a consequence of the obligation of continence, it implies abstinence from sexual relationships. The Code of Canon Law prescribes:
1902:'s call for the restoration of Eastern Catholic traditions, a number of bishops have returned to the traditional practice of ordaining married men to the presbyterate. Bishops are still celibate and normally chosen from the ranks of ordained monks.
734:
indicates that he was unmarried: either single or a widower. In 1 Corinthians 9:5, he contrasts his situation with that of the other apostles, including Peter, who were accompanied by believing wives. Paul, says Laurent Cleenewerck, a priest of the
1192:
him. However, he did not want to be regarded as inconsistent or seen as taking his oath lightly. Instead of returning to his wife, he engaged in promiscuous sex and what Epiphanius termed "sex practices against nature". In this way, he started
1546:, the vow of clerical celibacy, along with those to a motherhouse, and to a life of poverty, was required of deacons/deaconesses until the 1960s; this vow of celibacy was dropped and deacons/deaconesses in the Church of Sweden may be married.
1852:
7:7–8, "I would that all men were even as myself —but every one has his proper gift from God; one after this manner, and another after that. But I say to the unmarried and the widows. It is good for them if they so continue, even as I."
657:, who was named Cefa as the first pope of the early Christian Church. It is not yet acclared if Peter had a marriage and a son named Mark. The Byzantine tradition believes that Mark the Apostle and the Evangelist was an idolater born in
1259:, 692) shows that by that time there was a direct contradiction between the ideas of East and West about the legitimacy of conjugal relations on the part of clergy lower than the rank of bishop who had married before being ordained:
761:
used in favour of sacerdotal celibacy is 1 Corinthians 7:32–33 ("The unmarried man is anxious about the things of the Lord, how to please the Lord. But the married man is anxious about worldly things, how to please his wife") and a
113:. Exceptions are sometimes admitted for ordination to transitional diaconate and priesthood on a case-by-case basis for married clergymen of other churches or communities who become Catholics, but ordination of married men to the
1830:
Celibacy is represented in the Catholic Church as having apostolic authority. Theologically, the church desires to imitate the life of Jesus with regard to chastity and the sacrifice of married life for the "sake of the Kingdom"
1653:
allowed even bishops to marry, but in the early 6th century decided to ordain only celibate monks to episcopacy, while still allowing priests to marry after ordination. While some incorrectly believe all Orthodox bishops must be
956:
The consequence of the requirement from higher clerics who lived in marriages to abstain permanently from sexual intercourse with their wives was prohibition for those who were single of entering a marriage after ordination.
1134:
Similar evidence of the existence in the 4th-century East, as in the West, of a rule or at least an ideal of clerical continence for bishops that was considered to be canonical is found in Epiphanius's Panarion, 48, 9 and
605:
Jewish High Priests, who weekly alternated in the service of the First and the Second Temple of Jerusalem, were married and their priesthood was inherited by father to son. A similar succession was also imperative for the
1428:
In practice, the discipline of clerical continence meant by then that only unmarried men were ordained. Thus, in the discussions that took place, no distinction was made between clerical continence and clerical celibacy.
4374:
Petition of certain preachers of Switzerland to the Most Reverend Lord Hugo, Bishop of Constance, that he will not...endure longer the scandal of harlotry, but allow the priests to marry wives or at least wink at their
241:
Permanent deacons, namely those deacons who are not intended to become priests, are, in general, exempted from this rule. However, married permanent deacons are not allowed to remarry after the death of their spouse.
1218:, Jerome testified that the Churches of the East, Egypt and of the Apostolic See "accept for the ministry only men who are virgins, or those who practice continency, or, if married, abandon their conjugal rights"
1601:
Catholic priests are allowed to marry by special dispensation. Additionally, dispensations can be granted for deacons whose wives have died to marry a second time, especially if they have young children to look
1749:
require celibacy. Several cultures, in particular American Zen traditions, have revised this and now have forms of married lay teachers, who are distinct from the celibate clergy. Moreover, in the countries of
1200:
heresy which believed that as long as they abstained from marriage, it was not a sin to exercise their sexual desires as they pleased. Revelation 2:6 and 15 expresses hatred for the "works of the Nicolaitans".
329:, "The requirement of celibacy is not dogma; it is an ecclesiastical law that was adopted in the Middle Ages because Rome was worried that clerics' children would inherit church property and create dynasties."
1152:), who refused to be bound by the obligation, knew that, if made a bishop, he was expected to live in continence with his wife. One of the accusations against Antoninus, Bishop of Ephesus, in his trial before
1712:
traditions have no restrictions on the marriage of ministers or other clergy, except that in some circles divorced persons may not serve as pastors, and in practice the large majority of pastors are married.
1662:, they simply may no longer be living with their wives if they are to be consecrated to the episcopacy. (The canons stipulate that they must also see to their wives' maintenance, for example Canon 12 of the
1843:
10:20–21), and to follow the example of Jesus Christ in being "married" to the church, viewed by Catholicism and many Christian traditions as the "Bride of Christ". Also of importance are the teachings of
231:
is used specifically in the sense of being unmarried. However, for its clergy this state of being unmarried is considered to be a consequence of the obligation to be completely and perpetually continent:
1982:
had privately fathered two children, who were not twins, and had "more than a passing relationship" with their mother before he resigned from his post as Auxiliary Bishop and from the Catholic clergy.
3484:. Be this as it may, the Fathers of the Trullan council supposed that this obliged the clergy only to continence at certain fixed times, and were not willing to see that it included bishops as well" (
810:
evidences that by the early 4th century, priestly celibacy-continence was not a novelty, stating that all marriages contracted by clerics in Holy Orders were declared null and void in 530 by Emperor
1244:
Needless to say, the rule or ideal of clerical continence was not always observed either in the West or in the East, and it was because of violations that it was from time to time affirmed. Emperor
786:
Similarly, Philippe Delhaye wrote: "During the first three or four centuries, no law was promulgated prohibiting clerical marriage. Celibacy was a matter of choice for bishops, priests, and deacons.
78:
also requires abstention from deliberately indulging in sexual thoughts and behavior outside of marriage, because these impulses are regarded as sinful. Vows of celibacy are generally required for
1433:
them a believing Christian as a wife (1 Corinthians 9:5) and the admonition, "Marriage should be honoured by all" (Hebrews 13:4). They blamed it for widespread sexual misconduct among the clergy.
768:
used against sacerdotal celibacy is the statement in 1 Timothy 3:2–4 that a bishop should be "the husband of one wife" and "one who ruleth well his own house, having his children in subjection".
1230:(451) suggests that, in other provinces, not only bishops, priests, deacons and subdeacons, but even those in the lower orders of readers and singers were at that time not permitted to marry.
395:
and other Protestant faiths. In most Orthodox traditions and in some Eastern Catholic Churches men who are already married may be ordained priests, but priests may not marry after ordination.
953:) is evidence both for the respecting of personal decision in the matter and for contemporary appreciation of celibacy. For priests and deacons clerical marriage continued to be in vogue".
775:
Another interpretation of "the husband of one wife" was a prohibition of polygamy, which was not uncommon in the Old Testament (King David and King Solomon, for example, were polygamists).
1958:
Despite the Latin Church's historical practice of priestly celibacy, there have been Catholic priests throughout the centuries who have engaged in sexual relations through the practice of
4223:
752:
In the same chapter Paul, who wrote that a pastor is to be "the husband of one wife", forbids abstinence of marital relations except "for a set time" and states that celibacy is a gift.
664:
It is not known if the Mark of 1 Peter 5:13 can be identified with Mark the Apostle and the Evangelist. Mark is linked to Babylon through the lion's iconography and the prophet Ezekiel:
194:
of celibacy, poverty and ties to a motherhouse; the vow of celibacy was made optional in the 1960s and in the present-day, Lutheran deacons/deaconesses (both male and female) may marry.
1107:. Stefan Heid has argued that the pre-Nicaean acceptance of that arrangement for clerics was an indication that the clergy were expected to live in continence even with their wives.
1933:
spoke clearly of their understanding that the traditional practice is unlikely to change. Pope Francis, however, has called for consideration of the question of electing so-called
2687:
679:
the four lions appeared during the prophetic vision of Ezekiel 1:10, held in Babylon. It was followed by the translation of Ezekiel's relics into the Venetian Basilica in 828 CE.
3989:
3905:
1585:
clergy, who convert to Catholicism and wish to become priests in the Catholic Church, provided their wives consent. The Catholic Church considers Protestant, including most
4231:
1299:
In 888, two local councils, that of Metz and that of Mainz, prohibited cohabitation even with wives living in continence. This tendency was taken up by the 11th-century
929:
3335:, 1986, p. 150, "Second Topic, Concerning the Celibacy of Priests", chapter IV, "History of the Celibacy of Priests from the Time of the Apostles Down to Our Times".
1898:. Until recently, the Eastern Catholic bishops of North America would generally ordain only unmarried men, for fear that married priests would create scandal. Since
1689:
Communion have no restrictions on the marriage of deacons, priests, bishops, or other ministers to a person of the opposite sex. Early Anglican Church clergy under
315:
Clerics are to behave with due prudence towards persons whose company can endanger their obligation to observe continence or give rise to scandal among the faithful.
3070:
364:). This vow of chastity, made by people – not all of whom are clergy – is different from what is the obligation, not a vow, of clerical continence and celibacy.
1918:
may request the Pope to grant authorization, on a case-by-case basis, for admission to ordination in the Catholic Church of married former Anglican clergy (see
4152:(celibacy and globalization) and Bruno Bontempelli, in Jules Barbey d'Aurevilly ou le triomphe de l'écriture: pour une nouvelle lecture de Un prêtre marié by
1925:
Because the rule of clerical celibacy is a law and not a doctrine, exceptions can be made, and it can, in principle, be changed at any time by the Pope. Both
4289:
from the Catholic perspective. Some information available on celibacy. Many links to Catholic websites with articles on priestly celibacy are also available.
1114:, wrote: "It is fitting that those in the priesthood and occupied in the service of God, should abstain after ordination from the intercourse of marriage."
4329:
1097:
refers to an unmarried woman living in association with a man in a merely spiritual marriage, a practice that seems to have existed already in the time of
860:), writing of the apostles, indicated that he was obliged to believe that apart from Peter, who was certainly married, the apostles were continent. In his
4054:
387:, most priests are celibate men. Exceptions are admitted, with there being several Catholic priests who were received into the Catholic Church from the
2201:
3939:
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Constitutiones apostolorum 8, 47, 26 (SC 336, 280, 83f.) των εις κληρον παρελθόντων αγαμον κελεύομεν Βουλομένους γαμειν αναγνώστας και ψαλτας μόνους.
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1026:, who was baptized together with her father, when he and his wife became Christians. Among Popes of the 4th, 5th and 6th centuries, the father of
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1807:
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1276:, which for bishops, priests, deacons, and subdeacons excludes marriage after ordination, but allows, except for periods before celebrating the
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1738:('the world'), and practice celibacy. The idea is to keep the mind free from distraction caused by sex-life and use that focus in serving God.
783:, "would not stand up so comfortably to historical scrutiny". Dennis says this book provides no evidence that celibacy had apostolic origins.
3964:
2968:
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3153:"Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Series II, Vol. XIV, The Canons of the 318 Holy Fathers Assembled in the City of Nice (sic), in Bithynia"
3748:
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1401:, not only on the part of the Reformers, but also among churchmen and others who remained in union with the see of Rome. Figures such as
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2332:
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2684:
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1280:, conjugal relations by priests and deacons married before ordination, and requires celibacy and perpetual continence only of bishops.
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2751:
Dennis, George T. SJ on Cochini, The Apostolic Origins of Priestly Celibacy (book review), Theological Studies, 52:4 (1991:Dec.) p.738
2254:
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642:
626:
133:
either follow the same rules as the Latin Church or require celibacy for bishops while allowing priestly ordination of married men.
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4310:
Recent online interview with Archbishop George Stallings, Jr., former Roman Catholic Priest, about "Married Priests Now!" movement.
2160:
1046:(536–537). No statement is given on whether, among these, the children in question were born when their fathers were still laymen.
709:
743:, clearly favored celibacy, which he understood as "a gift". Cleenewerck supports this statement by quoting 1 Corinthians 7:5–8:
4372:
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3580:
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1436:
Against the long-standing tradition of the Church in the East as well as in the West, which excluded marriage after ordination,
495:
1241:
a 5th century bishop of Clermont was married and his wife was involved in the construction of St Stephen's church in Clermont.
2048:
Now is the Appointed Time: Philosophical and Theological Perspectives on the Necessity For Reform in the Roman Catholic Church
467:
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5507:
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3662:
2994:
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in 1539. And against what had also become, though seemingly at a later date, a tradition in both East and West, the married
4180:
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Jerome (c. 345 – 420). Against Vigilantius. Trans. by W.H. Fremantle, G. Lewis and W.G. Martley. Accessed 19 January 2023.
1646:
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was married to Elizabeth who was a relative of the Virgin Mary (Luke 1:36). By a "miracle of God", he became the father of
3781:
2496:
965:
decreed that only lower clerics might still marry after their ordination. Bishops, priests, and deacons were not allowed.
402:, but instead as a rule that could be adjusted if the Church thought it appropriate and to which exceptions are admitted.
5757:
3328:
2733:
1821:
474:
3797:
3770:
3563:.4 (December 1973:467–475); Christopher Brooke, "Gregorian reform in action: clerical marriage in England, 1050–1200",
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1634:
1499:
589:
According to the Bible, there at least two instances of non-celibate priesthood: the Jewish High Priest Zechariah, and
448:
129:
celibacy is optional (such as permanent deacons in the Latin Church) wish to marry, they must do so before ordination.
3885:"Pope Francis backs away from potentially major reform putting off decision on allowing married priests in the Amazon"
3067:
1081:
The great Synod has stringently forbidden any bishop, presbyter, deacon, or any one of the clergy whatever, to have a
182:
in general do not require celibacy of its clergy and allow—or even encourage—clerical marriage. In the past, Lutheran
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Some of the earliest Christian leaders were married men. The mention in Mark 1:30, Luke 4:38, and Matthew 8:14–15 of
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even interpreted it as meaning: "It was decided to forbid keeping back from one's wife and not producing children".
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246:
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Celibacy in the Early Church. The Beginnings of a Discipline of Obligatory Continence for Clerics in East and West
3759:
1670:
herself, though this also is not required. There are many Orthodox bishops currently serving who have never been
1561:", but married men may not be ordained priests or bishops or even as "transitional deacons", nor may anyone marry
1354:
1057:(325) considered ordering all married clergy to refrain from conjugal relations, but the Council was dissuaded by
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2543:
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258:
On the granting of permission, by exception, for the priestly ordination of married men in the Latin Church, see
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dwelling with him, except only a mother, or sister, or aunt, or such persons only as are beyond all suspicion.
700:
1 Corinthians 9:5 mentions the apostles, including Peter, being accompanied in their ministry by their wives.
463:
398:
Neither the Catholic nor the Orthodox tradition considers the rule of clerical celibacy to be an unchangeable
5714:
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4972:
4701:
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2581:
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1414:
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that he claimed were imitated from Christianity, but does not associate it specifically with the clergy. In
1705:
priestly orders require their members to remain celibate, as do monastic orders of all brothers and sisters.
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mature married men who intend not to advance to priesthood may be ordained deacons and are referred to as "
1291:, with whom he had a daughter. He was married before his ordination, and was elected Pope only in old age.
149:
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1682:
areas outside the home territories of the Eastern Catholic Churches, was revoked by a decree of June 2014.
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individual exceptions are sometimes made for former non-Catholic clergymen. Under the rules proposed for
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by doing so as well. Some of those who were fathered by Catholic clergy also publicly came forward.
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5058:
5005:
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2136:
1453:
897:
114:
3556:(1962:134–36); Nancy Partner, "Henry of Huntingdon: Clerical Celibacy and the Writing of History"
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2649:
Celibacy in the Early Church: The Beginnings of Obligatory Continence for Clerics in East and West
1629:
churches follow the same rules as in the Eastern Orthodox Church for bishops and priests, but the
692:
Matthew 8:14 mentions Peter having a mother-in-law, which implies that he was married or widowed.
5687:
5583:
5497:
5470:
5324:
4317:
3570:(1956:1–21). The cases mentioned largely concern, not clerical celibacy, but clerical continence.
3261:
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2698:; Cochini, Christian, The Apostolic Origins of Priestly Celibacy, Ignatius Press (October 1990).
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churches deacons may marry after ordination. For a period in the 5th and early 6th centuries the
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binding all: in other words, a church regulation, but not an integral part of church teaching.
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1554:
1398:
1335:
1226:
In saying that "in certain provinces it is permitted to the readers and singers to marry", the
958:
880:
488:
367:
Celibacy for religious and monastics (monks and sisters/nuns) and for bishops is upheld by the
43:
4252:
3211:
3026:
3006:
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1617:
with Rome), married men may be ordained to any order except as bishops, and one may not marry
940:. No statement is made about whether they had children after becoming bishops or only before.
905:
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5038:
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2947:
New Catholic Encyclopedia, vol 3 Catholic University of America: Washington, D.C. 1967, p 323
2760:"Books about the priesthood", America. New York: July 4, 1992. vol 167, issue 1, pg.17, 3pgs.
1971:
1690:
1311:
1184:
1117:
4274:
An Eastern Orthodox discussion of the view of celibacy/continence as an Apostolic Tradition.
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2847:"Habet et uirgines, habet et continentes" (It too has virgins, it too has continent people)—
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1911:
1742:
1698:
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1058:
889:
874:, Tertullian did regard with honour those in ecclesiastical orders who remained continent.
550:
361:
39:
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1034:(483–492), whose father was almost certainly a priest, was the great-great-grandfather of
8:
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5113:
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1999:
1890:
1307:, which in spite of being theoretically excluded was in fact practised, and concubinage.
1120:(died 403) accused the heretics whom he called "Purists" of "mixing up everyone's duty":
989:
888:
There is record of a number of 3rd-century married bishops in good standing, even in the
3497:
Fernand Mourret: A History of the Catholic Church, Volym 3. B. Herder Book Company, 1946
2191:
2157:
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the wife consents). Many Japanese monks and priests were celibate up to the time of the
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Reflections on Clerical Family Life; from the History of the Christian Church, vol, vii
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4200:
4185:, 6 vols., London, K. Paul, Trench, Trübner & co., ltd, (1913–17). Online from the
4115:. Michael J. Miller (transl. from German). San Francisco: Ignatius Press. p. 376.
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a man who has a wife, unless he is legitimately destined to the permanent diaconate."
379:. Bishops must be unmarried men or widowers; a married man cannot become a bishop. In
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5368:
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4937:
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2653:
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2051:
2007:
1930:
1926:
1882:
1870:
1836:
1803:, lifelong celibacy or monasticism is forbidden. Marriage is encouraged for everyone.
1760:
1702:
1663:
1626:
1586:
1387:
1328:
1304:
1252:
1161:
ordered that a bishop's wife should retire to a convent, or become a deaconess; that
1158:
740:
590:
372:
209:
161:
126:
122:
3990:"Vatican confirms secret Catholic Church guidelines for priests who father children"
3283:
1338:(1139), in which some five hundred bishops took part, enacted the following canons:
16:
Requirement in certain religions that some or all members of the clergy be unmarried
5719:
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5622:
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5463:
5227:
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1300:
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997:
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349:
187:
4385:
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3476:, which may mean 'fixed times': for the translator read, following another codex,
3273:
The Dialogue of Palladius concerning the Life of St. John Chrysostom, chapter XIII
2802:(Rev. and expanded. ed.). Mystic, Conn.: Twenty-Third Publications. pp.
2468:
2175:
2120:
772:
relations, the members of the clergy were not entitled to marry after ordination.
676:) has been for centuries the symbol of the Republic and the Patriarcate of Venice,
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Katholisch.de: Viele Bischöfe für verheiratete Priester und Frauendiakone(German)
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1022:(315–368), a Doctor of the Church, was a married bishop and had a daughter named
981:
even for the laity, periodical continence before partaking of the Eucharist. and
974:
933:
917:
893:
797:) excommunicated a priest or bishop who left his wife 'under pretense of piety' (
684:
Gospel of Mark does not mention the lion's symbolism nor the Ezekiel's prophecy.
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341:
283:
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102:
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2228:"Making the transition from Lutheran minister to Catholic priest - with a wife"
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213:
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after ordination. Similarly, celibacy is not a requirement for ordination as a
3616:
Roman Cholij: Priestly celibacy in patristics and in the history of the Church
2730:
2422:
1735:
1534:
Rules on celibacy differ between different religious traditions and churches:
5869:
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4542:
4502:
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4390:
4363:
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4077:
Charles A. Frazee, "The origins of clerical celibacy in the Western Church",
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3389:
3188:
3057:
The Canons of the CCXLII Blessed Fathers Who Assembled at Carthage, canon III
1979:
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807:
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Goodbye, Good Men: How Liberals Brought Corruption Into the Catholic Church
2329:"Feast of St Mark the Apostle and the Evangelist in the Byzantine calendar"
2109:
1975:
1934:
1862:
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1402:
1362:
380:
275:
271:
224:
152:, but even married priests whose wives pre-decease them are not allowed to
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83:
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168:
did not apply the rule of celibacy even for ordination to the episcopate.
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1920:
Personal ordinariate#Married former Anglican clergy and rules on celibacy
1848:
that chastity is the superior state of life, and his desire expressed in
1771:
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1245:
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183:
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1678:, forbidding priestly ordination and ministry of married men in certain
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2013:
1709:
1598:
1506: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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when the couple was "well advanced in years" (Luke 1:5–7). He was also
455: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
410:
3640:(Catholic University of America: Washington, D.C. 1967) vol. 3, p. 366
2727:: The Beginnings of Obligatory Continence for Clerics in East and West
1327:
The phrase "contract marriage" in the first part of canon 21 excludes
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4507:
3965:"Vatican reveals it has secret rules for priests who father children"
3944:
3940:"Vatican secret out: There are rules for priests who father children"
2685:
Priestly Celibacy. Ecclesiastical Institution or Apostolic Tradition?
1878:
1755:
1659:
1622:
1284:
1193:
867:
826:
4055:"Archbishop calls for prayer after priest admits fathering children"
2773:, vol 3, Catholic University of America: Washington, D.C. 1967 p.370
1481:
561:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
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Gregory of Tours. A History of the Franks. Pantianos Classics, 1916
3245:
2541:
Orthodox Answers (an Eastern Orthodox website): "Clerical Celibacy"
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Clements, Stromata (book III) / Eusebius, Church History (Book III)
1938:
1746:
1723:
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it had won widespread support from lay and ecclesiastical leaders.
1303:, which aimed at eliminating what it called "Nicolaitism", that is
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630:
357:
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4013:"20 offenders revealed in grand jury report in Greensburg Diocese"
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As for the East, the Greek ecclesiastical historians Socrates and
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1937:
for the ordination to the priesthood, particularly in areas like
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814:, who also declared the children of such marriages illegitimate.
727:
return in this present age and eternal life in the age to come".
345:
153:
95:
3782:"Vatican lifts married priests ban in US, Canada, and Australia"
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Priestly celibacy in patristics and in the history of the Church
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1731:
1272:
There have been no changes since then in the discipline of the
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607:
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307:
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287:
71:
3906:"Concubinage among the Clergy of Malta and Gozo ca. 1420-1550"
3849:"Will Pan-Amazonian Synod Result in End to Clerical Celibacy?"
2099:
American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language: celibacy
1734:
or individual ascetics, are usually expected to withdraw from
5458:
3760:
Coptic Orthodox Church Network: "The Sacrament of Priesthood"
2016:, Scottish surname which originally meant "son of the priest"
1800:
1793:
1785:
1781:
1727:
1101:; in the 4th century such a woman was also referred to as an
634:
399:
353:
4041:"Australian priest admits being secretly married for a year"
3749:"Why can't a non-celibate priest re-marry if his wife dies?"
5794:
5098:
5043:
4759:
4282:
4070:
E. Vacandard, "Les origines du célibat ecclésiastique", in
1655:
866:, Tertullian mentioned continence as one of the customs in
661:, converted to Christianity by Peter who followed in Rome.
4315:
Paradosis (Tradition): The Handing On of Divine Revelation
2887:
The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, 2005, art.
1390:
and concubinage met strong opposition, by the time of the
1269:
made no distinction between bishops, priests and deacons.
2747:
2745:
2323:
2321:
2231:
1885:
of approximately 305–306. This law was reinforced in the
1667:
1053:, who wrote a century after the event, reported that the
333:
4253:
Francis Speaks, Scalfari Transcribes, Brandmüller Shreds
3039:(Kösel 1978; English translation: Sheed & Ward 1992
1865:, which was introduced much later and is seen only as a
294:
must as a rule be unmarried men. In others, such as the
125:
is not allowed and therefore, if those for whom in some
2131:"The following are simply impeded from receiving orders
1944:
1666:.) Typically, the wife of such a man will take up the
3959:
3957:
3955:
3486:
Comment by Fleury on canon 13 of the Council in Trullo
2932:
2930:
2928:
2769:
Philippe Delhaye, "Celibacy, Clerical, History of" in
2742:
2731:
Anthony Zimmerman, Celibacy Dates Back to the Apostles
2318:
1780:
has no history of celibacy for its leaders, including
703:
105:, clerical celibacy is mandated for all clergy in the
98:
and other religions, but often not for other clergy.
42:
by adding general information and discuss at the
3771:
Ronald G. Roberson, "The Assyrian Church of the East"
2221:
2219:
4241:
On Clerical Celibacy in the Catholic Church, Part II
4173:
The Development of the Family and Marriage in Europe
3934:
3932:
3930:
1989:
1649:
does not allow it. For much of the 5th century, the
413:, and the alleged self-castration of the theologian
4229:
On Clerical Celibacy in the Catholic Church, Part I
4027:"Are Catholic priests leading secret double lives?"
3952:
2925:
2069:
2067:
2798:Catholic customs & traditions: a popular guide
2795:
2216:
1565:ordination. Since the start of the pontificate of
3927:
3523:. Vol. 1. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
3250:English translation by Frank Williams, II, p. 105
3021:M. Meigne, " Concile ou Collection d'Elvire?" in
1953:
800:Sacrorum Conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio
5867:
2497:Pope John Paul II, General Audience 14 July 1993
2470:The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions
2110:Webster's New World College Dictionary: celibacy
2064:
1726:, priests can marry. At the same time, monks in
1187:, also of the 4th century, Nicholas, one of the
988:In 387 or 390, or according to others in 400, a
409:the Christian church forbids voluntary physical
208:can mean either the state of being unmarried or
3984:
3982:
3980:
3581:"The Canons of the First Lateran Council, 1123"
3552:For the situation in England, see E. Deanealy,
2825:most bishops and presbyters continued to marry.
2225:
1808:the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
1397:New opposition appeared in connection with the
1353:And later legislation, found especially in the
806:However, the 19th-century Protestant historian
259:
5834:Libellus de imperatoria potestate in urbe Roma
4420:
4033:
3605:The Canons of the Second Lateran Council, 1123
5568:
4406:
4133:, Regnery Publishing, Inc. (June 25, 2002).
3825:CIC 1917: text - IntraText CT Canon 982 II.
3651:John W. O'Malley, Some Basics about Celibacy
3176:The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church
3115:The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church
2937:John W. O'Malley, Some Basics about Celibacy
2485:Responding to Objections to Priestly Celibacy
1941:where there is an acute shortage of priests.
1770:, Monks do not marry from the day they enter
1471:
1221:
629:, belonging to the Jewish priestly family of
4224:The biblical foundation of priestly celibacy
4110:
4089:, The Apostolic Origins of Priestly Celibacy
4019:
3977:
3089:
2862:
2180:
1815:
1645:permit ordained deacons to marry, while the
841:
344:or monastic communities, along with vows of
5582:
4189:. See vol. 3, ch.xvii, (pp. 241–273),
4072:Études de Critique et d'Histoire Religieuse
3331:: Vol. III. trans. Fred Kramer, St. Louis:
2423:http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/250103.htm
2158:Catechism of the Catholic Church, 1579–1580
1136:
1092:
1082:
1011:
1005:
878:
861:
798:
763:
756:
5575:
5561:
4413:
4399:
4262:Interview with Archbishop Emmanuel Milingo
3390:https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/3010.htm
3235:Demonstratio Evangelica, book 1, chapter 9
3092:Clerical Celibacy in the West: C.1100-1700
2865:Clerical Celibacy in the West: C.1100-1700
1294:
593:in respect of Mark named in 1 Peter 5:13.
4354:; book 4, chapter 13, sections 10, 14, 15
4007:
4005:
3903:
2677:
2564:(Euclid University Consortium Press 2008
2050:. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 18.
2045:
1697:), but the requirement was eliminated by
1522:Learn how and when to remove this message
600:
577:Learn how and when to remove this message
515:Learn how and when to remove this message
197:
3512:
2651:, Stefan Heid, trans. Michael J. Miller.
943:"A famous letter of Synesius of Cyrene (
710:Clerical celibacy in the Catholic Church
3128:"The Ecclesiastical History of Sozomen"
2434:Stromata, III, vi, ed. Dindorf, II, 276
817:Catholic author Greg Dues states that:
5868:
4002:
3094:. Taylor and Francis. pp. 49–51.
2783:Excursus on the Marriage of the Clergy
2662:
2034:Catechism of the Catholic Church, 2349
1110:A leading participant in the Council,
781:Apostolic Origins of Priestly Celibacy
653:1 Peter 5:13 refers to a Mark, son of
5556:
4394:
2226:Cummings-Jordan, Mary (18 May 2015).
2204:from the original on October 27, 2023
2186:
2046:Calvanese, Carmen J. (6 March 2019).
148:; married men may be ordained to the
34:one specialized aspect of the subject
3689:Institutes of the Christian Religion
3554:Sidelights on the Anglo-Saxon Church
3217:(Ignatius Press, San Francisco 2005
2793:
2717:
1945:Amazon Synod in Rome in October 2019
1861:rule of celibacy for priests of the
1647:Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria
1504:adding citations to reliable sources
1475:
695:
526:
453:adding citations to reliable sources
424:
18:
5758:Church and state in medieval Europe
3329:Examination of the Council of Trent
2850:De praescriptione contra haereticos
2457:Celibacy in the First Two Centuries
1822:Clerical celibacy (Catholic Church)
863:De praescriptione contra haereticos
704:Clerical continence in Christianity
645:and stayed there for three months.
237:to the service of God and humanity.
13:
4268:Interview with Father Alan Phillip
3814:Jerome, Against Jovinianus, Book I
2867:. Taylor and Francis. p. 31.
2335:from the original on 27 July 2019.
2192:"Secrets, Celibacy And the Church"
1716:
1693:were required to be celibate (see
1635:Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church
352:, in order to imitate the life of
14:
5897:
5725:Norman conquest of southern Italy
4285:faithful to Sacred Scripture and
4209:
3517:". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
3068:Epistola Decretalis Papae Siricii
1365:of ordaining only unmarried men.
1287:(r. 867–872), who was married to
968:
306:, married men may be ordained as
5848:
5535:
4047:
3897:
3877:
3865:
3841:
3830:
3819:
3803:
3791:
3775:
3764:
3753:
3742:
3731:
3720:
3716:Code of Canon Law, canon 1031 §2
3709:
3698:
3678:
3667:
3656:
3643:
3631:
3620:
3609:
3506:
1992:
1788:. Before the destruction of the
1639:Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church
1480:
1318:, adopted the following canons:
1064:According to Sozomen's history:
714:
531:
429:
247:Catechism of the Catholic Church
70:that some or all members of the
23:
5491:LGBT-affirming religious groups
4279:Catholic Apologetics of America
4091:, Ignatius Pr. (October 1990).
3727:Code of Canon Law, canon 277 §1
3598:
3573:
3546:
3527:
3500:
3491:
3462:
3451:
3433:
3415:
3406:
3395:
3382:
3369:
3353:
3338:
3318:
3307:
3292:
3277:
3266:
3255:
3239:
3228:
3205:
3181:
3169:
3145:
3120:
3108:
3083:
3061:
3050:
3023:Revue d'histoire ecclésiastique
3015:
3000:
2977:
2966:The Council of Elvira, ca. 306.
2959:
2950:
2941:
2904:
2893:
2881:
2856:
2841:
2830:
2787:
2776:
2763:
2754:
2641:
2630:
2619:
2608:
2597:
2586:
2575:
2552:
2534:
2523:
2512:
2501:
2490:
2476:
2462:
2448:
2437:
2428:
2416:
2405:
2394:
2383:
2372:
2361:
2350:
2339:
2307:
2296:
2285:
2274:
2263:
2245:
2169:
2147:What is a Deacon? - Busted Halo
1551:Latin (Western) Catholic Church
1491:needs additional citations for
1377:
687:
648:
440:needs additional citations for
420:
5812:Separation of church and state
4655:Sexually transmitted infection
4345:commentary on Jeremiah 5:30-31
4202:History of Sacerdotal Celibacy
3913:Journal of the Faculty of Arts
3345:Aduersus Jovinianum I, 7. 26 (
3178:, 2005, art. "subintroductae".
2151:
2140:
2125:
2114:
2103:
2092:
2039:
2026:
1954:Historical lack of enforcement
1413:, and the Holy Roman Emperors
1355:Quinque Compilationes Antiquae
1077:, AD 325, decides in Canon 3:
643:visited the house of Elizabeth
332:In some Christian churches, a
66:is the requirement in certain
1:
4702:Women who have sex with women
4064:
3738:Code of Canon Law, canon 1087
3366:I, 11, 5 (GCS Socr. 42, i9f.)
2986:Clerical Celibacy in the West
2519:The Story of the Early Church
2331:(in Italian). 25 April 2016.
1392:Second Council of the Lateran
1211:ecclesiastical tradition. In
1146:
947:
850:
791:
790:The apostolic constitutions (
739:and professor of theology at
265:
32:This article focuses only on
5703:First Council of the Lateran
5638:Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor
4835:History of erotic depictions
4725:Criminal transmission of HIV
4386:Celibacy in Jewish Tradition
4176:(Cambridge University Press)
3565:Cambridge Historical Journal
3377:Celibacy in the Early Church
3214:Celibacy in the Early Church
3029:Celibacy in the Early Church
3009:Celibacy in the Early Church
2725:Celibacy in the Early Church
1587:Anglican ordinations invalid
1042:(514–523) was the father of
7:
5698:First Battle of Langensalza
5643:Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor
4820:Counterculture of the 1960s
4301:Why Moses Remained Celibate
3904:Wettinger, Godfrey (1977).
3079:De clericis incontinentibus
2690:September 26, 2007, at the
1985:
1573:may be allowed for married
892:. They included: Passivus,
779:premises used in the book,
557:the claims made and adding
417:was used to discredit him.
371:and the traditions of both
144:, celibacy is the norm for
10:
5902:
5598:Atto (archbishop of Milan)
5542:Human sexuality portal
4156:, H & D, Paris, 2006 (
3853:National Catholic Register
3333:Concordia Publishing House
3117:, 2005, art. "Paphnutius".
2252:Council of Nicaea, canon I
1914:for former Anglicans, the
1819:
1472:Rules for Christian clergy
1283:The last married Pope was
1222:Fifth to seventh centuries
944:
926:bishop of Aire-sur-l'Adour
872:De exhortatione castitatis
737:Orthodox Church in America
707:
627:Second Temple of Jerusalem
5843:
5825:
5745:
5715:Saxon revolt of 1077–1088
5666:
5590:
5530:
5411:
5300:
5019:
4971:
4848:
4805:
4710:
4687:Men who have sex with men
4663:
4536:
4432:
4205:, Houghton Mifflin, 1867.
4191:On Marriage and Sexuality
3800:, churchofjesuschrist.org
3638:New Catholic Encyclopedia
3513:Loughlin, James (1907). "
3440:Code of Justinian, 1.3.41
3422:Code of Justinian, 1.3.44
2837:On Monogamy, chapter VIII
2771:New Catholic Encyclopedia
2736:October 22, 2007, at the
2163:January 11, 2010, at the
2075:"Ministry and Ministries"
1816:The Catholic Church today
1743:traditions of monasticism
1631:Armenian Apostolic Church
1611:Eastern Catholic Churches
1607:Eastern Orthodox Churches
1371:Eastern Catholic Churches
1334:Sixteen years later, the
922:Magnus, bishop of Avignon
842:Second to third centuries
385:Eastern Catholic Churches
304:Eastern Catholic Churches
131:Eastern Catholic Churches
5618:Gotofredo da Castiglione
2020:
2010:(clergy getting married)
1658:, in fact, according to
1454:Archbishop of Canterbury
1030:(366–384) was a bishop.
898:Cassius, bishop of Narni
821:Early heretics, such as
407:first ecumenical council
383:Catholicism and in some
223:In the canon law of the
212:, especially because of
5881:Investiture Controversy
5688:Donation of Constantine
5584:Investiture Controversy
4281:: a large, informative
4216:Catholic Encyclopedia:
3810:Tertullian, On Monogamy
2696:Priestly Celibacy Today
1826:Sacerdotalis caelibatus
1382:While the 11th-century
1359:Decretals of Gregory IX
1295:11th and 12th centuries
1274:Eastern Orthodox Church
1055:First Council of Nicaea
979:Eastern Orthodox Church
963:Apostolic Constitutions
633:, direct descendant of
296:Eastern Orthodox Church
138:Eastern Orthodox Church
74:be unmarried. Clerical
5886:Religion-related lists
5855:Catholicism portal
4963:Split attraction model
4953:Sexual objectification
4863:Anarchism and love/sex
4218:Celibacy of the Clergy
3036:Celibacy, Gift or Law?
2912:Didascalia Apostolorum
2889:Didascalia Apostolorum
2729:, Stefan Heid, p. 15;
1643:Syriac Orthodox Church
1555:Second Vatican Council
1399:Protestant Reformation
1350:
1336:Second Lateran Council
1325:
1266:
1137:
1132:
1093:
1089:
1083:
1071:
1012:
1006:
881:Didascalia Apostolorum
879:
862:
839:
799:
764:
757:
750:
730:In 1 Corinthians 7:8,
601:Jewish High Priesthood
340:is made by members of
317:
274:churches, such as the
256:
239:
198:Meanings of 'celibacy'
5773:Divine right of kings
5658:Rudolf of Rheinfelden
4923:Sex-positive movement
4576:Reproductive medicine
4571:Obesity and sexuality
4518:Sexual response cycle
4341:Calvin on monasticism
4287:Sacred Oral Tradition
4111:Heid, Stefan (2000).
3535:Peter Damian, Letters
3520:Catholic Encyclopedia
3364:Historia ealesiastica
3360:Socrates Scholasticus
3193:Catholic Encyclopedia
3090:Helen Parish (2016).
3034:Heinz-Jürgen Vogels,
2863:Helen Parish (2016).
2626:1 Corinthians 7:32–33
2559:Laurent Cleenewerck,
1972:Diocese of Greensburg
1912:personal ordinariates
1613:(which latter are in
1577:ministers, including
1340:
1320:
1312:First Lateran Council
1261:
1185:Epiphanius of Salamis
1122:
1118:Epiphanius of Salamis
1079:
1066:
1038:the Great (590–604).
930:Philibert de Jumièges
819:
745:
405:From the time of the
313:
251:
234:
5768:College of Cardinals
5608:Antipope Clement III
5449:Buddhist monasticism
5439:Christian demonology
5265:Urethral intercourse
5064:Erotic sexual denial
4755:Cybersex trafficking
4628:Erectile dysfunction
4327:Katecheo (Catechism)
4154:Jean-Pierre Thiollet
3786:CathNews New Zealand
3157:Early Church Fathers
3025:70 (1975), cited in
2914:, chapter IV (ii, 2)
2455:Michael E. Giesler,
1589:, while recognizing
1500:improve this article
1386:'s campaign against
1228:Council of Chalcedon
1204:Jerome, referred in
1112:Eusebius of Caesarea
1059:Paphnutius of Thebes
959:The Apostolic Canons
936:, was the father of
928:, was the father of
672:(also called as the
449:improve this article
362:Evangelical counsels
119:Personal ordinariate
40:improve this article
5503:Sacred prostitution
5292:Wet T-shirt contest
5156:Non-penetrative sex
5114:Mammary intercourse
4795:Revenge pornography
4566:Masters and Johnson
4528:Vaginal lubrication
4129:Rose, Michael S.,
3998:. 19 February 2019.
3973:. 19 February 2019.
3921:University of Malta
3890:The Washington Post
3375:Stefan Heid (2000),
2794:Dues, Greg (1992).
2683:BONIVENTO, Cesare.
2582:1 Corinthians 7:5–8
2000:Christianity portal
1891:Council of Carthage
1425:argued against it.
990:Council of Carthage
613:More particularly,
464:"Clerical celibacy"
111:permanent diaconate
5676:Concordat of Worms
5648:Matilda of Tuscany
5633:Henry I of England
5349:Red-light district
5245:Sexual penetration
5233:Sexual intercourse
5151:Nipple stimulation
4830:Golden Age of Porn
4730:Child sexual abuse
4697:Sexual orientation
4623:Sexual dysfunction
4561:Male contraceptive
4523:Sexual stimulation
4472:Nocturnal emission
4343:excerpts from his
4332:2009-02-01 at the
4246:2009-02-22 at the
4234:2009-02-03 at the
4197:Lea, Henry Charles
4179:Grisar, Hartmann,
4087:Cochini, Christian
3874:, October 20, 2019
3788:, 21 November 2014
3540:2009-02-26 at the
3445:2009-02-26 at the
3427:2009-02-26 at the
3301:Against Jovinianus
3073:2008-04-22 at the
2971:2008-04-10 at the
2919:2016-06-04 at the
2694:; Thomas McGovern,
2546:2010-11-28 at the
2257:2012-02-15 at the
2197:The New York Times
1651:Church of the East
1468:him be anathema."
1329:clerical marriages
1207:Against Jovinianus
1020:Hilary of Poitiers
932:, and Sigilaicus,
542:possibly contains
393:Anglican Communion
377:Oriental Orthodoxy
326:The New York Times
300:Oriental Orthodoxy
298:, the churches of
218:sexual intercourse
178:and Nonconformist
166:Church of the East
142:Oriental Orthodoxy
5876:Clerical celibacy
5863:
5862:
5805:Donation of Pepin
5785:Holy Roman Empire
5763:Clerical celibacy
5603:Pope Callixtus II
5550:
5549:
5459:Hindu monasticism
5444:Clerical celibacy
5310:Adult video games
5021:Sexual activities
4938:Sexual attraction
4928:Sexual abstinence
4840:Sexual revolution
4825:Feminist sex wars
4780:Sexual misconduct
4775:Sexual harassment
4740:Indecent exposure
4447:Clitoral erection
4150:Jean-Louis Christ
4057:. 4 January 2012.
4015:. 14 August 2018.
3663:1 Corinthians 9:5
2995:978-0-7546-3949-7
2615:1 Corinthians 7:7
2604:1 Corinthians 7:5
2570:978-0-615-18361-9
2530:1 Corinthians 9:5
2508:1 Corinthians 7:8
2483:Michael F. Hull,
2368:1 Corinthians 9:5
2190:(April 3, 2002).
2057:978-1-5326-7361-0
2008:Clerical marriage
1931:Pope John Paul II
1927:Pope Benedict XVI
1896:Eastern Catholics
1889:(385) and at the
1883:Council of Elvira
1871:particular church
1761:Meiji Restoration
1728:Hindu monasteries
1664:Quinisext Council
1627:Oriental Orthodox
1597:. In some cases,
1595:Oriental Orthodox
1559:permanent deacons
1532:
1531:
1524:
1440:married in 1522,
1388:clerical marriage
1305:clerical marriage
1253:Quinisext Council
1159:Council in Trullo
1075:Council of Nicaea
975:Council of Elvira
741:Euclid University
696:1 Corinthians 9:5
591:Peter the Apostle
587:
586:
579:
544:original research
525:
524:
517:
499:
373:Eastern Orthodoxy
210:sexual abstinence
162:Oriental Orthodox
127:particular church
123:Clerical marriage
117:is excluded (see
64:Clerical celibacy
61:
60:
5893:
5853:
5852:
5720:Gregorian Reform
5709:In nomine Domini
5623:Pope Gregory VII
5577:
5570:
5563:
5554:
5553:
5540:
5539:
5464:Jain monasticism
5228:Sexual fetishism
5146:Mechanics of sex
5029:Conventional sex
4933:Sexual addiction
4868:Extramarital sex
4650:Sexual surrogate
4486:male ejaculation
4415:
4408:
4401:
4392:
4391:
4381:Huldrych Zwingli
4187:Internet Archive
4146:Eugen Drewermann
4126:
4059:
4058:
4051:
4045:
4044:
4037:
4031:
4030:
4023:
4017:
4016:
4009:
4000:
3999:
3986:
3975:
3974:
3961:
3950:
3949:
3936:
3925:
3924:
3910:
3901:
3895:
3894:
3881:
3875:
3869:
3863:
3862:
3860:
3859:
3845:
3839:
3834:
3828:
3823:
3817:
3807:
3801:
3795:
3789:
3779:
3773:
3768:
3762:
3757:
3751:
3746:
3740:
3735:
3729:
3724:
3718:
3713:
3707:
3702:
3696:
3682:
3676:
3671:
3665:
3660:
3654:
3647:
3641:
3635:
3629:
3624:
3618:
3613:
3607:
3602:
3596:
3595:
3593:
3592:
3583:. Archived from
3577:
3571:
3550:
3544:
3531:
3525:
3524:
3510:
3509:
3504:
3498:
3495:
3489:
3466:
3460:
3455:
3449:
3437:
3431:
3419:
3413:
3410:
3404:
3399:
3393:
3386:
3380:
3373:
3367:
3357:
3351:
3349:23, 230C; 256C).
3342:
3336:
3322:
3316:
3311:
3305:
3296:
3290:
3281:
3275:
3270:
3264:
3259:
3253:
3243:
3237:
3232:
3226:
3209:
3203:
3202:
3200:
3199:
3185:
3179:
3173:
3167:
3166:
3164:
3163:
3149:
3143:
3142:
3140:
3139:
3130:. Archived from
3124:
3118:
3112:
3106:
3105:
3087:
3081:
3065:
3059:
3054:
3048:
3019:
3013:
3004:
2998:
2981:
2975:
2963:
2957:
2954:
2948:
2945:
2939:
2934:
2923:
2908:
2902:
2897:
2891:
2885:
2879:
2878:
2860:
2854:
2845:
2839:
2834:
2828:
2827:
2822:
2820:
2801:
2791:
2785:
2780:
2774:
2767:
2761:
2758:
2752:
2749:
2740:
2721:
2715:
2681:
2675:
2666:
2660:
2645:
2639:
2634:
2628:
2623:
2617:
2612:
2606:
2601:
2595:
2590:
2584:
2579:
2573:
2556:
2550:
2538:
2532:
2527:
2521:
2516:
2510:
2505:
2499:
2494:
2488:
2480:
2474:
2466:
2460:
2452:
2446:
2441:
2435:
2432:
2426:
2420:
2414:
2409:
2403:
2398:
2392:
2387:
2381:
2376:
2370:
2365:
2359:
2354:
2348:
2343:
2337:
2336:
2325:
2316:
2311:
2305:
2300:
2294:
2289:
2283:
2278:
2272:
2267:
2261:
2249:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2223:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2184:
2178:
2173:
2167:
2155:
2149:
2144:
2138:
2134:
2129:
2123:
2118:
2112:
2107:
2101:
2096:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2079:Church of Sweden
2071:
2062:
2061:
2043:
2037:
2030:
2002:
1997:
1996:
1887:Directa Decretal
1790:Jerusalem temple
1772:Jain monasticism
1685:Churches of the
1621:ordination as a
1591:Eastern Orthodox
1540:Church of Sweden
1527:
1520:
1516:
1513:
1507:
1484:
1476:
1461:Council of Trent
1384:Gregorian Reform
1301:Gregorian Reform
1251:Canon 13 of the
1235:Gregory of Tours
1168:The 4th-century
1151:
1148:
1140:
1128:
1096:
1086:
1015:
1009:
998:Directa Decretal
952:
949:
946:
910:bishop of Évreux
902:bishop of Vienne
884:
865:
859:
855:
852:
802:
796:
793:
789:
767:
760:
732:Paul the Apostle
637:(Luke 1:67–79).
619:John the Baptist
582:
575:
571:
568:
562:
559:inline citations
535:
534:
527:
520:
513:
509:
506:
500:
498:
457:
433:
425:
342:religious orders
302:and some of the
282:sections of the
188:Church of Sweden
56:
53:
47:
27:
26:
19:
5901:
5900:
5896:
5895:
5894:
5892:
5891:
5890:
5866:
5865:
5864:
5859:
5847:
5839:
5821:
5741:
5737:Walk to Canossa
5693:Excommunication
5668:
5662:
5653:Pope Paschal II
5628:Guido da Velate
5586:
5581:
5551:
5546:
5534:
5526:
5454:Catholic Church
5414:
5407:
5296:
5015:
4967:
4873:Family planning
4852:
4844:
4801:
4790:Sexual violence
4765:Sex trafficking
4706:
4692:Sexual identity
4682:Gender identity
4659:
4645:Sexual medicine
4541:
4532:
4498:Penile erection
4452:Erogenous zones
4436:
4428:
4426:human sexuality
4419:
4334:Wayback Machine
4257:Sandro Magister
4248:Wayback Machine
4236:Wayback Machine
4212:
4123:
4067:
4062:
4053:
4052:
4048:
4039:
4038:
4034:
4025:
4024:
4020:
4011:
4010:
4003:
3988:
3987:
3978:
3970:TheGuardian.com
3963:
3962:
3953:
3938:
3937:
3928:
3908:
3902:
3898:
3883:
3882:
3878:
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3804:
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3792:
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3776:
3769:
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3758:
3754:
3747:
3743:
3736:
3732:
3725:
3721:
3714:
3710:
3703:
3699:
3683:
3679:
3672:
3668:
3661:
3657:
3648:
3644:
3636:
3632:
3625:
3621:
3614:
3610:
3603:
3599:
3590:
3588:
3579:
3578:
3574:
3551:
3547:
3542:Wayback Machine
3532:
3528:
3507:
3505:
3501:
3496:
3492:
3467:
3463:
3456:
3452:
3447:Wayback Machine
3438:
3434:
3429:Wayback Machine
3420:
3416:
3411:
3407:
3400:
3396:
3387:
3383:
3374:
3370:
3358:
3354:
3343:
3339:
3325:Martin Chemnitz
3323:
3319:
3312:
3308:
3297:
3293:
3282:
3278:
3271:
3267:
3260:
3256:
3244:
3240:
3233:
3229:
3210:
3206:
3197:
3195:
3187:
3186:
3182:
3174:
3170:
3161:
3159:
3151:
3150:
3146:
3137:
3135:
3126:
3125:
3121:
3113:
3109:
3102:
3088:
3084:
3075:Wayback Machine
3066:
3062:
3055:
3051:
3020:
3016:
3005:
3001:
2982:
2978:
2973:Wayback Machine
2964:
2960:
2955:
2951:
2946:
2942:
2935:
2926:
2921:Wayback Machine
2909:
2905:
2900:1 Timothy 3:2–4
2898:
2894:
2886:
2882:
2875:
2861:
2857:
2846:
2842:
2835:
2831:
2818:
2816:
2814:
2792:
2788:
2781:
2777:
2768:
2764:
2759:
2755:
2750:
2743:
2738:Wayback Machine
2722:
2718:
2692:Wayback Machine
2682:
2678:
2667:
2663:
2646:
2642:
2637:1 Timothy 3:2–4
2635:
2631:
2624:
2620:
2613:
2609:
2602:
2598:
2591:
2587:
2580:
2576:
2561:His Broken Body
2557:
2553:
2548:Wayback Machine
2539:
2535:
2528:
2524:
2517:
2513:
2506:
2502:
2495:
2491:
2481:
2477:
2467:
2463:
2453:
2449:
2442:
2438:
2433:
2429:
2421:
2417:
2412:Matthew 8:14–15
2410:
2406:
2401:Matthew 8:14–15
2399:
2395:
2388:
2384:
2377:
2373:
2366:
2362:
2355:
2351:
2344:
2340:
2327:
2326:
2319:
2312:
2308:
2301:
2297:
2290:
2286:
2279:
2275:
2268:
2264:
2259:Wayback Machine
2250:
2246:
2236:
2234:
2224:
2217:
2207:
2205:
2185:
2181:
2174:
2170:
2165:Wayback Machine
2156:
2152:
2145:
2141:
2132:
2130:
2126:
2119:
2115:
2108:
2104:
2097:
2093:
2083:
2081:
2073:
2072:
2065:
2058:
2044:
2040:
2031:
2027:
2023:
1998:
1991:
1988:
1956:
1947:
1828:
1820:Main articles:
1818:
1719:
1717:Other religions
1676:Cum data fuerit
1544:Lutheran Church
1528:
1517:
1511:
1508:
1497:
1485:
1474:
1380:
1316:General Council
1297:
1224:
1163:of Neo-Caesarea
1154:John Chrysostom
1149:
1138:Expositio Fidei
1126:
971:
950:
938:Cyran of Brenne
934:bishop of Tours
918:bishop of Meaux
894:bishop of Fermo
857:
853:
844:
794:
787:
765:locus classicus
758:locus classicus
717:
712:
706:
698:
690:
674:Lion of St Mark
651:
603:
583:
572:
566:
563:
548:
536:
532:
521:
510:
504:
501:
458:
456:
446:
434:
423:
389:Lutheran Church
369:Catholic Church
284:Catholic Church
268:
200:
103:Catholic Church
57:
51:
48:
37:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5899:
5889:
5888:
5883:
5878:
5861:
5860:
5858:
5857:
5844:
5841:
5840:
5838:
5837:
5829:
5827:
5823:
5822:
5820:
5819:
5814:
5809:
5808:
5807:
5797:
5792:
5787:
5782:
5779:Dominium mundi
5775:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5755:
5749:
5747:
5743:
5742:
5740:
5739:
5734:
5733:
5732:
5722:
5717:
5712:
5705:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5682:Dictatus papae
5678:
5672:
5670:
5664:
5663:
5661:
5660:
5655:
5650:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5594:
5592:
5588:
5587:
5580:
5579:
5572:
5565:
5557:
5548:
5547:
5545:
5544:
5531:
5528:
5527:
5525:
5524:
5523:
5522:
5512:
5511:
5510:
5508:Ancient Greece
5500:
5495:
5494:
5493:
5483:
5478:
5473:
5468:
5467:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5441:
5436:
5435:
5434:
5419:
5417:
5409:
5408:
5406:
5405:
5400:
5395:
5394:
5393:
5383:
5378:
5377:
5376:
5371:
5361:
5356:
5351:
5346:
5345:
5344:
5339:
5329:
5328:
5327:
5317:
5312:
5306:
5304:
5298:
5297:
5295:
5294:
5289:
5288:
5287:
5282:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5241:
5240:
5230:
5225:
5223:Sexual fantasy
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5189:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5137:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5124:Anal fingering
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5084:Foot fetishism
5081:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5025:
5023:
5017:
5016:
5014:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4977:
4975:
4969:
4968:
4966:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4943:Sexual capital
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4908:Premarital sex
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4859:
4857:
4846:
4845:
4843:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4811:
4809:
4803:
4802:
4800:
4799:
4798:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4785:Sexual slavery
4782:
4777:
4772:
4770:Sexual assault
4767:
4762:
4757:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4720:Age of consent
4716:
4714:
4708:
4707:
4705:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4673:
4671:
4661:
4660:
4658:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4641:
4640:
4635:
4633:Hypersexuality
4630:
4620:
4615:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4594:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4547:
4545:
4534:
4533:
4531:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4513:Sexual arousal
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4489:
4488:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4443:
4441:
4430:
4429:
4418:
4417:
4410:
4403:
4395:
4389:
4388:
4383:
4377:, JULY 2, 1522
4370:
4357:
4338:
4312:
4307:
4290:
4276:
4271:
4265:
4259:
4250:
4238:
4226:
4221:
4211:
4210:External links
4208:
4207:
4206:
4194:
4177:
4165:
4142:
4127:
4121:
4108:
4085:
4084:(1972:149–67).
4079:Church History
4075:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4060:
4046:
4032:
4018:
4001:
3976:
3951:
3926:
3896:
3876:
3864:
3840:
3829:
3818:
3802:
3790:
3774:
3763:
3752:
3741:
3730:
3719:
3708:
3697:
3677:
3666:
3655:
3642:
3630:
3619:
3608:
3597:
3572:
3558:Church History
3545:
3526:
3515:Pope Adrian II
3499:
3490:
3470:priora statuta
3461:
3450:
3432:
3414:
3405:
3394:
3381:
3368:
3352:
3337:
3317:
3306:
3291:
3276:
3265:
3254:
3238:
3227:
3225:), pp. 132-135
3204:
3180:
3168:
3144:
3119:
3107:
3100:
3082:
3060:
3049:
3014:
2999:
2989:(Ashgate 2010
2984:Helen Parish,
2976:
2958:
2949:
2940:
2924:
2903:
2892:
2880:
2873:
2855:
2840:
2829:
2813:978-0896225152
2812:
2786:
2775:
2762:
2753:
2741:
2716:
2676:
2668:Roman Cholij,
2661:
2640:
2629:
2618:
2607:
2596:
2585:
2574:
2551:
2533:
2522:
2511:
2500:
2489:
2475:
2461:
2447:
2436:
2427:
2415:
2404:
2393:
2382:
2371:
2360:
2349:
2338:
2317:
2306:
2295:
2284:
2273:
2262:
2244:
2215:
2179:
2168:
2150:
2139:
2124:
2113:
2102:
2091:
2063:
2056:
2038:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2017:
2011:
2004:
2003:
1987:
1984:
1955:
1952:
1946:
1943:
1817:
1814:
1813:
1812:
1804:
1797:
1775:
1764:
1752:Southeast Asia
1739:
1718:
1715:
1714:
1713:
1706:
1703:Anglo-Catholic
1683:
1615:full communion
1603:
1547:
1530:
1529:
1488:
1486:
1479:
1473:
1470:
1450:Thomas Cranmer
1411:Thomas Cajetan
1379:
1376:
1296:
1293:
1278:Divine Liturgy
1257:Constantinople
1223:
1220:
1170:Church Fathers
1044:Pope Silverius
1040:Pope Hormisdas
1036:Pope Gregory I
1032:Pope Felix III
1028:Pope Damasus I
983:Maurice Meigne
970:
969:Fourth century
967:
843:
840:
716:
713:
705:
702:
697:
694:
689:
686:
681:
680:
677:
670:lion of Venice
650:
647:
602:
599:
585:
584:
539:
537:
530:
523:
522:
437:
435:
428:
422:
419:
267:
264:
214:religious vows
199:
196:
109:except in the
80:monks and nuns
59:
58:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5898:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5873:
5871:
5856:
5851:
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5774:
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5769:
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5764:
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5674:
5673:
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5665:
5659:
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5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
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5469:
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5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5366:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5334:
5333:
5330:
5326:
5323:
5322:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5307:
5305:
5303:
5299:
5293:
5290:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5277:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5239:
5236:
5235:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5218:Sex positions
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5163:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5121:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5094:Forced orgasm
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5026:
5024:
5022:
5018:
5012:
5011:United States
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4978:
4976:
4974:
4970:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4948:Sexual ethics
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4860:
4858:
4856:
4851:
4850:Relationships
4847:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4812:
4810:
4808:
4804:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
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4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4752:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4717:
4715:
4713:
4709:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4677:Gender binary
4675:
4674:
4672:
4670:
4666:
4662:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4639:
4638:Hyposexuality
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4625:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4613:
4612:PLISSIT model
4609:
4606:
4604:
4603:Sex education
4601:
4599:
4596:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4578:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4551:Birth control
4549:
4548:
4546:
4544:
4539:
4535:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4503:Pre-ejaculate
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4493:Pelvic thrust
4491:
4487:
4483:
4480:
4479:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4444:
4442:
4440:
4435:
4431:
4427:
4423:
4416:
4411:
4409:
4404:
4402:
4397:
4396:
4393:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4378:
4376:
4371:
4369:
4365:
4364:Philip Schaff
4361:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4348:
4346:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4335:
4331:
4328:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4302:
4298:
4294:
4291:
4288:
4284:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4269:
4266:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4245:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4233:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4219:
4214:
4213:
4204:
4203:
4198:
4195:
4192:
4188:
4184:
4183:
4178:
4175:
4174:
4169:
4166:
4163:
4162:2-914-26606-5
4159:
4155:
4151:
4147:
4143:
4140:
4139:0-89526-144-8
4136:
4132:
4128:
4124:
4122:0-89870-800-1
4118:
4114:
4109:
4106:
4105:0-89870-280-1
4102:
4098:
4097:0-89870-951-2
4094:
4090:
4086:
4083:
4080:
4076:
4074:(1906:69–120)
4073:
4069:
4068:
4056:
4050:
4043:. 3 May 2012.
4042:
4036:
4028:
4022:
4014:
4008:
4006:
3997:
3996:
3991:
3985:
3983:
3981:
3972:
3971:
3966:
3960:
3958:
3956:
3947:
3946:
3941:
3935:
3933:
3931:
3922:
3918:
3914:
3907:
3900:
3892:
3891:
3886:
3880:
3873:
3868:
3854:
3850:
3844:
3838:
3837:Canon 1031 §2
3833:
3827:
3822:
3815:
3811:
3806:
3799:
3794:
3787:
3783:
3778:
3772:
3767:
3761:
3756:
3750:
3745:
3739:
3734:
3728:
3723:
3717:
3712:
3706:
3701:
3694:
3690:
3686:
3681:
3675:
3670:
3664:
3659:
3652:
3646:
3639:
3634:
3628:
3623:
3617:
3612:
3606:
3601:
3587:on 2014-08-14
3586:
3582:
3576:
3569:
3566:
3562:
3559:
3555:
3549:
3543:
3539:
3536:
3530:
3522:
3521:
3516:
3503:
3494:
3487:
3483:
3479:
3475:
3474:idious horous
3471:
3465:
3459:
3454:
3448:
3444:
3441:
3436:
3430:
3426:
3423:
3418:
3409:
3403:
3398:
3391:
3385:
3378:
3372:
3365:
3361:
3356:
3350:
3348:
3341:
3334:
3330:
3326:
3321:
3315:
3310:
3304:
3302:
3295:
3289:
3287:
3280:
3274:
3269:
3263:
3258:
3251:
3247:
3242:
3236:
3231:
3224:
3223:0-89870-800-1
3220:
3216:
3215:
3212:Stefan Heid,
3208:
3194:
3190:
3184:
3177:
3172:
3158:
3154:
3148:
3134:on 2011-05-22
3133:
3129:
3123:
3116:
3111:
3103:
3101:9781317165163
3097:
3093:
3086:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3069:
3064:
3058:
3053:
3046:
3045:1-55612-653-0
3042:
3038:
3037:
3032:, p. 110 and
3031:
3030:
3027:Stefan Heid,
3024:
3018:
3012:
3011:, pp. 111–114
3010:
3007:Stefan Heid,
3003:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2987:
2980:
2974:
2970:
2967:
2962:
2953:
2944:
2938:
2933:
2931:
2929:
2922:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2907:
2901:
2896:
2890:
2884:
2876:
2874:9781317165163
2870:
2866:
2859:
2853:
2851:
2844:
2838:
2833:
2826:
2815:
2809:
2805:
2800:
2799:
2790:
2784:
2779:
2772:
2766:
2757:
2748:
2746:
2739:
2735:
2732:
2728:
2726:
2720:
2713:
2712:0-89870-280-1
2709:
2705:
2704:0-89870-951-2
2701:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2686:
2680:
2673:
2672:
2665:
2659:
2658:0-89870-800-1
2655:
2652:
2650:
2644:
2638:
2633:
2627:
2622:
2616:
2611:
2605:
2600:
2594:
2593:1 Timothy 3:2
2589:
2583:
2578:
2571:
2567:
2563:
2562:
2555:
2549:
2545:
2542:
2537:
2531:
2526:
2520:
2515:
2509:
2504:
2498:
2493:
2487:
2486:
2479:
2473:
2471:
2465:
2459:
2458:
2451:
2445:
2444:Luke 18:28–30
2440:
2431:
2424:
2419:
2413:
2408:
2402:
2397:
2391:
2386:
2380:
2375:
2369:
2364:
2358:
2353:
2347:
2342:
2334:
2330:
2324:
2322:
2315:
2310:
2304:
2299:
2293:
2288:
2282:
2277:
2271:
2266:
2260:
2256:
2253:
2248:
2233:
2229:
2222:
2220:
2203:
2199:
2198:
2193:
2189:
2183:
2177:
2172:
2166:
2162:
2159:
2154:
2148:
2143:
2137:
2128:
2122:
2117:
2111:
2106:
2100:
2095:
2080:
2076:
2070:
2068:
2059:
2053:
2049:
2042:
2035:
2029:
2025:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2005:
2001:
1995:
1990:
1983:
1981:
1980:Gabino Zavala
1977:
1973:
1967:
1963:
1961:
1951:
1942:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1923:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1908:Pope Pius XII
1903:
1901:
1897:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1873:alone, not a
1872:
1868:
1864:
1858:
1854:
1851:
1850:1 Corinthians
1847:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1827:
1823:
1809:
1805:
1802:
1798:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1776:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1762:
1757:
1753:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1720:
1711:
1707:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1668:monastic life
1665:
1661:
1657:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1569:(1939–1958),
1568:
1567:Pope Pius XII
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1536:
1535:
1526:
1523:
1515:
1512:December 2012
1505:
1501:
1495:
1494:
1489:This section
1487:
1483:
1478:
1477:
1469:
1465:
1462:
1457:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1444:in 1525, and
1443:
1439:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1424:
1423:Maximilian II
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1395:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1375:
1372:
1366:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1349:
1346:
1339:
1337:
1332:
1330:
1324:
1319:
1317:
1313:
1308:
1306:
1302:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1258:
1254:
1249:
1247:
1242:
1240:
1236:
1233:According to
1231:
1229:
1219:
1217:
1216:
1209:
1208:
1202:
1199:
1195:
1190:
1189:Seven Deacons
1186:
1183:According to
1181:
1178:
1174:
1171:
1166:
1164:
1160:
1155:
1144:
1139:
1131:
1121:
1119:
1115:
1113:
1108:
1106:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1094:subintroducta
1088:
1085:
1084:subintroducta
1078:
1076:
1070:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1047:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1014:
1013:Dominus Inter
1008:
1003:
1002:Pope Siricius
999:
994:
991:
986:
984:
980:
976:
966:
964:
960:
954:
941:
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
900:; Aetherius,
899:
895:
891:
886:
883:
882:
875:
873:
869:
864:
848:
838:
834:
830:
828:
824:
818:
815:
813:
809:
808:Philip Schaff
804:
801:
784:
782:
776:
773:
769:
766:
759:
753:
749:
744:
742:
738:
733:
728:
724:
722:
715:First century
711:
701:
693:
685:
678:
675:
671:
667:
666:
665:
662:
660:
656:
646:
644:
638:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
611:
609:
598:
594:
592:
581:
578:
570:
560:
556:
552:
546:
545:
540:This section
538:
529:
528:
519:
516:
508:
497:
494:
490:
487:
483:
480:
476:
473:
469:
466: –
465:
461:
460:Find sources:
454:
450:
444:
443:
438:This section
436:
432:
427:
426:
418:
416:
412:
408:
403:
401:
396:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
365:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
330:
328:
327:
322:
319:According to
316:
312:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
263:
261:
255:
250:
248:
243:
238:
233:
230:
226:
221:
219:
215:
211:
207:
206:
195:
193:
189:
185:
181:
180:Protestantism
177:
173:
169:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
134:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
99:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
55:
45:
41:
35:
30:
21:
20:
5832:
5800:Papal States
5777:
5762:
5730:Sack of Rome
5707:
5680:
5443:
5413:Religion and
5403:Webcam model
5342:Survival sex
5332:Prostitution
5302:Sex industry
5213:Sex in space
5141:Masturbation
4981:Ancient Rome
4958:Sexual slang
4750:Sexual abuse
4457:Insemination
4373:
4351:
4217:
4201:
4190:
4181:
4171:
4130:
4112:
4088:
4081:
4078:
4071:
4049:
4035:
4021:
3993:
3968:
3943:
3916:
3912:
3899:
3888:
3879:
3867:
3856:. Retrieved
3852:
3843:
3832:
3821:
3805:
3793:
3785:
3777:
3766:
3755:
3744:
3733:
3722:
3711:
3700:
3680:
3674:Hebrews 13:4
3669:
3658:
3645:
3637:
3633:
3622:
3611:
3600:
3589:. Retrieved
3585:the original
3575:
3567:
3564:
3560:
3557:
3553:
3548:
3529:
3518:
3502:
3493:
3481:
3477:
3473:
3469:
3464:
3453:
3435:
3417:
3408:
3397:
3384:
3376:
3371:
3363:
3355:
3344:
3340:
3320:
3309:
3300:
3294:
3285:
3279:
3268:
3257:
3241:
3230:
3213:
3207:
3196:. Retrieved
3192:
3183:
3175:
3171:
3160:. Retrieved
3156:
3147:
3136:. Retrieved
3132:the original
3122:
3114:
3110:
3091:
3085:
3078:
3063:
3052:
3035:
3028:
3022:
3017:
3008:
3002:
2997:), pp. 43-44
2985:
2979:
2961:
2952:
2943:
2911:
2906:
2895:
2888:
2883:
2864:
2858:
2849:
2843:
2832:
2824:
2817:. Retrieved
2797:
2789:
2778:
2770:
2765:
2756:
2723:
2719:
2679:
2670:
2664:
2648:
2643:
2632:
2621:
2610:
2599:
2588:
2577:
2560:
2554:
2536:
2525:
2514:
2503:
2492:
2484:
2478:
2472:, "Celibacy"
2469:
2464:
2456:
2450:
2439:
2430:
2418:
2407:
2396:
2385:
2374:
2363:
2357:Matthew 8:14
2352:
2346:Ezekiel 1:10
2341:
2314:1 Peter 5:13
2309:
2303:Luke 1:67–79
2298:
2287:
2276:
2270:Hebrews 7:11
2265:
2247:
2235:. Retrieved
2206:. Retrieved
2195:
2188:Berry, Jason
2182:
2176:canon 277 §2
2171:
2153:
2142:
2127:
2121:Canon 277 §1
2116:
2105:
2094:
2082:. Retrieved
2047:
2041:
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1976:Pennsylvania
1968:
1964:
1957:
1948:
1935:viri probati
1924:
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1869:within that
1866:
1863:Latin Church
1859:
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1695:Six Articles
1675:
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1562:
1553:, since the
1533:
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1498:Please help
1493:verification
1490:
1466:
1458:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1403:Panormitanus
1396:
1381:
1378:16th century
1367:
1363:Latin Church
1351:
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442:verification
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49:
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33:
5790:Investiture
5486:LGBT people
5432:Tantric sex
5364:Sex tourism
5320:Pornography
5285:Erotic talk
5275:Virtual sex
5176:Cunnilingus
5006:South Korea
5001:Philippines
4913:Promiscuity
4608:Sex therapy
4586:Gynaecology
3693:IV,12,23–28
3685:Jean Calvin
3262:Epistle 105
3189:"Agapetae."
2208:October 27,
1960:concubinage
1806:Members of
1792:, priests (
1754:practicing
1708:Most other
1419:Ferdinand I
1246:Justinian I
1215:Vigilantius
1125:ordinances.
1007:Cum in Unum
823:Manichaeans
812:Justinian I
623:High Priest
321:Jason Berry
227:, the word
184:deaconesses
176:Anglicanism
172:Lutheranism
101:Within the
5870:Categories
5669:and events
5398:Strip club
5381:Sex worker
5354:Sex museum
5325:Film actor
5193:Paraphilia
5119:Manual sex
4973:By country
4898:Orgasm gap
4815:Blue Movie
4434:Physiology
4352:Institutes
4305:Oral Torah
4303:—from the
4168:Jack Goody
4065:References
3923:: 165–188.
3858:2018-05-14
3591:2008-03-31
3472:by these,
3458:Canon XIII
3314:Acts 6:1–6
3198:2010-10-26
3162:2006-05-08
3138:2010-01-11
2292:Luke 1:5–7
2014:MacTaggart
1900:Vatican II
1867:discipline
1839:19:27–30;
1835:18:28–30,
1710:Protestant
1691:Henry VIII
1660:church law
1641:, and the
1575:Protestant
1571:exceptions
1345:(conversi)
1314:(1123), a
1198:antinomian
1150: 414
951: 414
858: 225
856: – c.
854: 160
847:Tertullian
827:Montanists
795: 400
708:See also:
659:Pentapolis
567:April 2022
551:improve it
505:April 2022
475:newspapers
411:castration
360:(see also
266:Background
150:priesthood
115:episcopacy
5753:Canon law
5667:Documents
5613:Erlembald
5520:Sex magic
5498:Mormonism
5415:sexuality
5270:Urolagnia
5260:Tribadism
5208:Sexercise
5186:Irrumatio
5171:Anilingus
5129:Fingering
5109:Group sex
5104:Gang bang
5074:Fetishism
5049:Child sex
4903:Polyamory
4883:Free love
4745:Obscenity
4669:diversity
4581:Andrology
4543:education
4508:Pregnancy
4375:marriages
4144:Texts by
3945:USA Today
3627:Canon 987
3288:LXIII, 62
3284:Ambrose,
3248:, 59, 4 (
2572:), p. 372
2390:Luke 4:38
2379:Mark 1:30
2281:Luke 1:36
1756:Theravada
1699:Edward VI
1623:subdeacon
1456:in 1533.
1452:was made
1415:Charles V
1348:excesses.
1289:Stephania
1285:Adrian II
1194:Nicolaism
1091:The term
906:Aquilinus
868:Mithraism
615:Zechariah
555:verifying
350:obedience
278:and some
272:Christian
262:, below.
202:The word
68:religions
44:talk page
5826:See also
5746:Concepts
5427:Hinduism
5423:Buddhism
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5280:Cybersex
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5181:Fellatio
5161:Oral sex
5054:Creampie
5039:Bareback
5034:Anal sex
4888:Marriage
4878:Flirting
4665:Identity
4618:Sexology
4598:Safe sex
4462:Intersex
4368:Polygamy
4349:and his
4330:Archived
4318:Strong's
4244:Archived
4232:Archived
3995:CBS News
3798:Marriage
3705:canon 10
3538:Archived
3443:Archived
3425:Archived
3402:Canon 14
3379:, p. 170
3299:Jerome,
3246:Panarion
3071:Archived
3047:), p. 39
2969:Archived
2917:Archived
2819:10 March
2734:Archived
2688:Archived
2544:Archived
2333:Archived
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2202:Archived
2161:Archived
1986:See also
1939:Amazonia
1916:ordinary
1875:doctrine
1747:Buddhism
1724:Hinduism
1687:Anglican
1680:diaspora
1672:tonsured
1599:laicized
1583:Anglican
1579:Lutheran
1357:and the
1239:Namatius
1213:Against
1143:Synesius
803:1:51)."
358:Nazareth
338:chastity
270:In some
249:states:
229:celibacy
205:celibacy
92:Hinduism
88:Buddhism
76:celibacy
5515:Thelema
5481:Judaism
5386:Sex toy
5315:Erotica
5203:Quickie
5198:Pompoir
5134:Handjob
5089:Footjob
5079:Fisting
4918:Romance
4893:Modesty
4855:society
4807:History
4591:Urology
4439:biology
4422:Outline
4321:no.3862
4297:Ki Tisa
4270:(video)
4264:(video)
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3478:propria
3286:Epistle
3077:, VII.
2852:, XL, 5
2806:, 169.
1837:Matthew
1794:kohanim
1786:kohanim
1778:Judaism
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1745:within
1736:saṃsāra
1732:saddhus
1701:. Some
1625:. The
1549:In the
1538:In the
1438:Zwingli
1407:Erasmus
1173:Ambrose
1104:agapeta
1051:Sozomen
961:of the
625:of the
608:Levites
549:Please
489:scholar
346:poverty
308:deacons
292:bishops
288:priests
280:eastern
276:western
216:, from
186:in the
154:remarry
146:bishops
136:In the
96:Jainism
5817:Simony
5795:Papacy
5591:People
5471:Daoism
5374:Female
5337:Sacred
5250:Sumata
5069:Facial
5059:Edging
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4556:Condom
4538:Health
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4477:Orgasm
4467:Libido
4293:Parsha
4182:Luther
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1442:Luther
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5476:Islam
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4170:1983
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2021:Notes
1879:Peter
1801:Islam
1656:monks
1619:after
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1196:, an
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655:Peter
635:Aaron
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482:books
400:dogma
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190:took
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4853:and
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4667:and
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