65:
731:
51:
98:
252:
The condition is known under numerous names. The most commonly used name is clubbed thumb, or club thumb. American researcher R.A. Hefner used the terms "short thumb" and "brachymegalodactylism" in 1924, and "short thumb" has continued to be used in a few other studies since then, including the study
243:
ethnic individuals from their participation in various epidemiologic studies. Some studies included taking radiographs of hands and wrists to examine their skeletal structure. Of the studied sample (which included 2,130 participants; 1,161 female and 969 male), 3.55% were found to have brachydactyly
171:(1965). J.K. Breithenbecher (1923) found that distal phalanges of short thumbs were one-half the length of full-length thumbs, while R.M. Stecher (1957) claimed that it is approximately two-thirds. The condition may either be unilateral (affecting one thumb) or bilateral (affecting both).
802:
421:
Learman, Yaffa; Katznelson, Mariassa Bat-Miriam; Bonné-Tamir, BatSheva; Engel, Joel; Hertz, Marjorie; Goodman, Richard M.; Opitz, John M. (1981). "Symphalangism with multiple anomalies of the hands and feet: A new genetic trait".
755:
795:
788:
763:
780:
684:"Non-Syndromic Brachydactyly Type D and Type E Mapped to 7p15 in Healthy Children and Adults from the Jirel Ethnic Group in Eastern Nepal"
1382:
875:
44:
Clubbed thumb, thumb head, short thumb, potter's thumb, royal thumb, murderer's thumb, hammer thumb, stubbed thumb, stub thumb
293:
Rubinstein, Jack H. (1963-06-01). "Broad Thumbs and Toes and Facial
Abnormalities: A Possible Mental Retardation Syndrome".
1323:
258:
232:
clans living in a particular village, said percentage should be "considered with some reservation," according to
Goodman
191:
and is commonly developed or inherited independently of other hereditary traits. The condition is associated with the
810:
64:
1277:
996:
132:
of affected thumbs is approximately two-thirds the length of full-length thumbs. It is the most common type of
254:
17:
1112:
815:
1282:
1001:
831:
819:
261:
and was first used in a 1965 study. Stub thumbs have also been called murderer's thumb (allegedly among
1313:
338:"Inheritance of Glioma: The Genetic Aspects of Cerebral Glioma and Its Relation to Status Dysraphicus"
1367:
1287:
136:, or shortness of digits, affecting approximately 2–3% of the population, and is associated with the
1489:
1222:
865:
1259:
893:
870:
228:. However, as the survey's Arab test persons were mainly recruited from a handful of large and
75:
of a normal thumb (left) and a thumb with brachydactyly type D (right) showing distal phalange
1162:
827:
157:
type D is a skeletal condition which exhibits a 'partial fusion or premature closing of the
1377:
383:
399:
8:
1195:
811:
306:
220:
found that 3.05% of
Israeli Arabs had one or two short thumbs, compared with 1.57% among
188:
1057:
708:
683:
659:
624:
600:
565:
541:
516:
362:
337:
1392:
1372:
713:
664:
646:
605:
587:
546:
447:
439:
403:
349:
318:
310:
84:
1484:
1439:
1434:
1355:
1347:
1267:
1231:
1039:
991:
948:
703:
695:
654:
636:
595:
577:
536:
528:
431:
395:
357:
302:
89:
1455:
1190:
1020:
986:
939:
262:
198:
50:
384:"INHERITED ABNORMALITIES OF THE FINGERSII. Short Thumbs (Brachymegalodactylism)"
1318:
1249:
1213:
1185:
1107:
1011:
885:
221:
162:
129:
125:
76:
1478:
1328:
1272:
1239:
1122:
943:
650:
591:
443:
407:
353:
314:
184:
154:
133:
435:
1410:
1303:
1145:
1117:
903:
898:
717:
668:
641:
609:
582:
550:
322:
240:
204:
Various other studies supported an autosomal dominant pattern with reduced
143:
451:
257:
in 1963. "Stub thumb" is the common term preferred by the online database
1333:
1100:
1091:
976:
908:
72:
532:
1308:
1244:
1157:
1151:
1127:
1095:
1062:
1031:
981:
953:
699:
229:
205:
517:"A Genetic Study of Stub Thumbs Among Various Ethnic Groups in Israel"
1415:
1360:
1167:
1052:
1045:
1026:
958:
922:
158:
857:
853:
835:
180:
1425:
1083:
420:
167:
101:
Case of
Brachydactyly type D in both hands of a 16 year old male.
476:
239:
Cases of short thumbs have also been found in
Eastern Nepal for
217:
193:
138:
97:
121:
124:
being relatively short and round with an accompanying wider
968:
225:
1401:
931:
844:
514:
58:
Unilateral brachydactyly type D in a 15-year-old female
265:), hammer thumb, bohemian thumb, and potter's thumb.
477:"OMIM Entry - # 113200 - BRACHYDACTYLY, TYPE D; BDD"
27:
Abnormal shortening of the distal part of the thumb
1476:
120:, is a genetic trait clinically recognised by a
623:Temtamy, Samia A; Aglan, Mona S (2008-06-13).
564:Temtamy, Samia A; Aglan, Mona S (2008-06-13).
796:
622:
563:
803:
789:
292:
63:
49:
707:
658:
640:
599:
581:
540:
361:
681:
295:American Journal of Diseases of Children
96:
335:
14:
1477:
381:
784:
400:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a102395
1324:Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome
682:Williams, Kimberly D. (2013-09-10).
515:GOODMAN RM; ADAM A; SHEBA C (1965).
510:
508:
506:
504:
502:
500:
498:
496:
471:
469:
467:
465:
463:
461:
424:American Journal of Medical Genetics
377:
375:
373:
307:10.1001/archpedi.1963.02080040590010
288:
286:
284:
282:
280:
278:
165:of the thumb', according to Goodman
336:Macklin, Madge T. (December 1960).
259:Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man
211:
24:
814:malformations and deformations of
748:
724:
342:American Journal of Human Genetics
25:
1501:
688:American Journal of Human Biology
629:Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases
570:Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases
493:
458:
414:
370:
329:
275:
997:Congenital patellar dislocation
876:Wallis–Zieff–Goldblatt syndrome
675:
616:
557:
247:
13:
1:
268:
149:
382:Hefner, R. A. (1924-10-01).
7:
1283:Oto-palato-digital syndrome
1278:Hallermann–Streiff syndrome
1002:Congenital knee dislocation
820:musculoskeletal abnormality
521:Journal of Medical Genetics
216:A 1965 scientific study in
174:
10:
1506:
1314:Craniodiaphyseal dysplasia
197:gene, which is central in
1448:
1424:
1400:
1391:
1346:
1296:
1288:Treacher Collins syndrome
1258:
1230:
1221:
1212:
1178:
1139:reduction deficits / limb
1138:
1082:
1075:
1010:
967:
930:
921:
884:
852:
843:
826:
255:Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome
224:as well as non-Ashkenazi
83:
71:
62:
57:
48:
40:
35:
1113:Cenani–Lenz syndactylism
866:Cleidocranial dysostosis
1260:Craniofacial dysostosis
436:10.1002/ajmg.1320100308
816:musculoskeletal system
642:10.1186/1750-1172-3-15
583:10.1186/1750-1172-3-15
201:formation and growth.
102:
1368:Klippel–Feil syndrome
732:"Google Ngram Viewer"
100:
1378:Spina bifida occulta
894:Madelung's deformity
871:Sprengel's deformity
106:Brachydactyly type D
36:Brachydactyly type D
1196:RAPADILINO syndrome
533:10.1136/jmg.2.2.116
388:Journal of Heredity
348:(4 Pt 1): 448–449.
189:autosomal dominance
1058:Rocker bottom foot
700:10.1002/ajhb.22441
103:
1472:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1393:Thoracic skeleton
1373:Spondylolisthesis
1342:
1341:
1208:
1207:
1204:
1203:
1071:
1070:
917:
916:
142:gene, located on
95:
94:
30:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
1497:
1440:Pectus carinatum
1435:Pectus excavatum
1398:
1397:
1356:Spinal curvature
1348:Vertebral column
1268:Crouzon syndrome
1232:Craniosynostosis
1228:
1227:
1219:
1218:
1084:fingers and toes
1080:
1079:
992:Discoid meniscus
949:Upington disease
928:
927:
850:
849:
841:
840:
805:
798:
791:
782:
781:
775:
774:
772:
771:
762:. Archived from
752:
746:
745:
743:
742:
736:books.google.com
728:
722:
721:
711:
679:
673:
672:
662:
644:
620:
614:
613:
603:
585:
561:
555:
554:
544:
512:
491:
490:
488:
487:
473:
456:
455:
418:
412:
411:
379:
368:
367:
365:
333:
327:
326:
290:
212:Hereditary trait
187:type D exhibits
108:, also known as
90:Medical genetics
67:
53:
33:
32:
21:
1505:
1504:
1500:
1499:
1498:
1496:
1495:
1494:
1490:Irregular bones
1475:
1474:
1473:
1460:
1456:Poland syndrome
1444:
1420:
1387:
1338:
1292:
1254:
1200:
1191:Larsen syndrome
1179:multiple joints
1174:
1134:
1067:
1006:
987:Genu recurvatum
963:
940:Hip dislocation
913:
880:
830:
822:
809:
779:
778:
769:
767:
756:"Google Trends"
754:
753:
749:
740:
738:
730:
729:
725:
680:
676:
625:"Brachydactyly"
621:
617:
566:"Brachydactyly"
562:
558:
513:
494:
485:
483:
475:
474:
459:
419:
415:
394:(10): 433–439.
380:
371:
334:
330:
291:
276:
271:
263:fortune tellers
250:
230:closely related
214:
177:
152:
31:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1503:
1493:
1492:
1487:
1470:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1458:
1452:
1450:
1446:
1445:
1443:
1442:
1437:
1431:
1429:
1422:
1421:
1419:
1418:
1413:
1407:
1405:
1395:
1389:
1388:
1386:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1364:
1363:
1352:
1350:
1344:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1337:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1319:Dolichocephaly
1316:
1311:
1306:
1300:
1298:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1264:
1262:
1256:
1255:
1253:
1252:
1250:Trigonocephaly
1247:
1242:
1236:
1234:
1225:
1223:Skull and face
1216:
1210:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1186:Arthrogryposis
1182:
1180:
1176:
1175:
1173:
1172:
1171:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1148:
1142:
1140:
1136:
1135:
1133:
1132:
1131:
1130:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1108:Arachnodactyly
1105:
1104:
1103:
1088:
1086:
1077:
1073:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1066:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1049:
1048:
1036:
1035:
1034:
1029:
1016:
1014:
1012:foot deformity
1008:
1007:
1005:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
979:
973:
971:
965:
964:
962:
961:
956:
951:
946:
936:
934:
925:
919:
918:
915:
914:
912:
911:
906:
901:
896:
890:
888:
886:hand deformity
882:
881:
879:
878:
873:
868:
862:
860:
847:
838:
824:
823:
808:
807:
800:
793:
785:
777:
776:
747:
723:
694:(6): 743–750.
674:
615:
556:
492:
457:
413:
369:
328:
301:(6): 588–608.
273:
272:
270:
267:
249:
246:
213:
210:
176:
173:
163:distal phalanx
151:
148:
130:distal phalanx
93:
92:
87:
81:
80:
79:of said thumb.
77:brachyphalangy
69:
68:
60:
59:
55:
54:
46:
45:
42:
38:
37:
29:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1502:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1482:
1480:
1457:
1454:
1453:
1451:
1447:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1423:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1390:
1384:
1383:Sacralization
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1362:
1359:
1358:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1345:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1329:Plagiocephaly
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1299:
1295:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1273:Hypertelorism
1271:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1257:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1240:Scaphocephaly
1238:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1211:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1181:
1177:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1155:
1154:
1153:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1137:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1124:
1123:Brachydactyly
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1097:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1078:
1076:Either / both
1074:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1042:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1023:
1022:
1018:
1017:
1015:
1013:
1009:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
974:
972:
970:
966:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
944:Hip dysplasia
941:
938:
937:
935:
933:
929:
926:
924:
920:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
891:
889:
887:
883:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
863:
861:
859:
855:
851:
848:
846:
842:
839:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
806:
801:
799:
794:
792:
787:
786:
783:
766:on 2021-10-31
765:
761:
760:Google Trends
757:
751:
737:
733:
727:
719:
715:
710:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
678:
670:
666:
661:
656:
652:
648:
643:
638:
634:
630:
626:
619:
611:
607:
602:
597:
593:
589:
584:
579:
575:
571:
567:
560:
552:
548:
543:
538:
534:
530:
527:(2): 116–21.
526:
522:
518:
511:
509:
507:
505:
503:
501:
499:
497:
482:
478:
472:
470:
468:
466:
464:
462:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
430:(3): 245–55.
429:
425:
417:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
378:
376:
374:
364:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
332:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
289:
287:
285:
283:
281:
279:
274:
266:
264:
260:
256:
253:that defined
245:
242:
237:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
209:
207:
202:
200:
196:
195:
190:
186:
185:brachydactyly
182:
172:
170:
169:
164:
160:
156:
155:Brachydactyly
147:
145:
144:chromosome 2q
141:
140:
135:
134:brachydactyly
131:
127:
123:
119:
118:clubbed thumb
115:
111:
107:
99:
91:
88:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
61:
56:
52:
47:
43:
39:
34:
19:
18:Clubbed thumb
1304:Macrocephaly
1150:
1146:Acheiropodia
1118:Ectrodactyly
1038:
1019:
904:Oligodactyly
899:Clinodactyly
828:Appendicular
768:. Retrieved
764:the original
759:
750:
739:. Retrieved
735:
726:
691:
687:
677:
632:
628:
618:
573:
569:
559:
524:
520:
484:. Retrieved
480:
427:
423:
416:
391:
387:
345:
341:
331:
298:
294:
251:
238:
233:
215:
203:
192:
178:
166:
153:
137:
117:
113:
109:
105:
104:
1334:Saddle nose
1101:Webbed toes
1092:Polydactyly
977:Genu valgum
909:Polydactyly
248:Terminology
110:short thumb
41:Other names
1479:Categories
1309:Platybasia
1245:Oxycephaly
1158:Phocomelia
1152:Ectromelia
1128:Stub thumb
1096:Syndactyly
1063:Hammer toe
1032:Pigeon toe
982:Genu varum
954:Coxa valga
812:Congenital
770:2019-08-17
741:2019-08-17
486:2019-08-17
269:References
206:penetrance
150:Physiology
114:stub thumb
1361:Scoliosis
1168:Hemimelia
1053:Pes cavus
1046:Flat feet
1027:Club foot
959:Coxa vara
651:1750-1172
592:1750-1172
444:1096-8628
408:0022-1503
354:0002-9297
315:0002-922X
222:Ashkenazi
161:with the
159:epiphysis
128:bed. The
85:Specialty
1411:Cervical
858:shoulder
854:clavicle
836:dysmelia
718:24022874
669:18554391
610:18554391
551:14295653
481:omim.org
323:13983033
244:type D.
236:(1965).
175:Genetics
1485:Fingers
1426:sternum
709:3968259
660:2441618
601:2441618
542:1012845
452:6272576
363:1932168
199:digital
183:trait,
181:genetic
168:et alia
1449:other:
1163:Amelia
1040:valgus
716:
706:
667:
657:
649:
635:: 15.
608:
598:
590:
576:: 15.
549:
539:
450:
442:
406:
360:
352:
321:
313:
234:et al.
218:Israel
194:HOXD13
146:31.1.
139:HOXD13
1416:Bifid
1297:other
1214:Axial
1021:varus
241:Jirel
122:thumb
116:, or
73:X-ray
1402:ribs
969:knee
845:Arms
832:limb
714:PMID
665:PMID
647:ISSN
606:PMID
588:ISSN
547:PMID
448:PMID
440:ISSN
404:ISSN
350:ISSN
319:PMID
311:ISSN
226:Jews
126:nail
932:hip
923:Leg
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