31:
385:, 412 U.S. 1 (1973), in which the Supreme Court interpreted the Landrum–Griffin Act to permit the awarding of attorney's fees to successful plaintiffs. His arguments "and the legitimacy his presence in the case lent to those arguments no doubt influenced the outcome of this case..." He participated in two landmark Landrum–Griffin decisions of the US Supreme Court,
368:, which itself was incorporated into the Landrum–Griffin Act. The New York legislation Summers helped write became the basis for Title V of the Act. His testimony before the Senate "played a pivotal role in the Senate's narrow vote, during the next session of Congress, to add a Union Members' Bill of Rights to the bill..."
379:, whom he had worked closely with in supporting early cases filed under the LMRDA. He was also a member of the AUD Legal Review Committee, which helped decide which lawsuits the organization would participate in. Summers deeply influenced Supreme Court decisions several times. He submitted the AUD's brief in
321:
that discussed how labor unions were violating their members' rights and the lack of democratic procedures and due process in union constitutions and processes. His 1947 article, "The Right to Join a Union", proved to be a critical piece in the development of his legal thinking, because it advocated
340:
believed a similar commission should be created to address problems in his state. Subsequently, Harriman established the
Governor's Committee on Improper Labor and Management Practices and appointed Summers chair. Summers and the committee drafted legislation which eventually became the New York
365:
420:
Summers' theory of union democracy was that transparency and democracy make it very unlikely that organized crime will gain a foothold in a union, or that union leaders will act against their members' best interests. His 1960
401:, 421 U.S. 560 (1975) (which upheld the authority of federal courts to review the Department of Labor's decision to proceed or not proceed with prosecutions under Landrum–Griffin). Indeed, he wrote most of the legal brief in
433:, "is one of the few casebooks to provide a thorough discussion of union democracy." His most influential later work was the article "Democracy in a One-Party State: Perspectives from Landrum–Griffin," published in 1984.
326:
233:
admitted he was of high moral character and exhibited excellent knowledge of the law, but denied him admission in 1942 due to his conscientious objector status. In a highly controversial but important decision, the
363:
to put together a panel of experts to draft labor law reform legislation that would address the issues raised by the Select
Committee. The draft legislation which Summers helped write was the foundation of the
266:, and protested discrimination against African Americans at local restaurants. While teaching at Toledo, he met and married Evelyn Wahlgren, a music teacher. They had two sons and two daughters.
957:. 43:93 (1984); the assessment of the importance of this article is from Goldberg, "Present at the Creation: Clyde Summers and the Field of Union Democracy Law,"
1136:
1131:
345:
410:
157:
professor
Michael J. Goldberg in the summer of 2010. "Summers, like Brandeis, provided the theoretical foundation for an important new field of law."
322:
that union members do not merely gain the right to work on a job but gain the right to actively participate in the union's decision-making processes.
149:, authoring more than 150 publications on the issue of union democracy alone. He was considered the nation's leading expert on union democracy. "What
381:
186:
417:
Local 506, a favorable decision which eventually led to the establishment of federal trusteeship over the entire international union in 1989.
409:(UMWA), he later was asked to draft new constitutions for many UMWA locals as well as the international union. He also testified in a federal
142:
36:
348:. His 1952 ACLU report helped frame the legislative proposals the Senate Select Committee considered as its work came to an end. In 1957,
1116:
341:
Labor and
Management Improper Practices Act of 1958. That same year, Summers drafted a "bill of rights for union members" for the ACLU.
1046:
History of the
Supreme Court of the United States: The Birth of the Modern Constitution: The United States Supreme Court, 1941–1953.
1121:
1076:
1101:
1141:
1071:
306:
194:
106:
1126:
255:
from 1942 to 1945. In the summer of 1945, although a law professor and no longer a student, he participated in the
Chicago
137:(November 21, 1918 – October 30, 2010) was an American lawyer and educator who advocated for more democratic procedures in
1096:
235:
391:, 404 U.S. 528 (1972) (which upheld the right of union members to intervene in enforcement proceedings brought by the
1091:
392:
1146:
1081:
281:. He taught law at the University of Buffalo from 1949 to 1956. While at Buffalo, Summers was also employed by the
154:
1086:
387:
372:
294:
245:
230:
1111:
1106:
764:
47:33 (1947); Goldberg, "Present at the
Creation: Clyde Summers and the Field of Union Democracy Law,"
483:'Worker Participation in the U.S. and West Germany: A Comparative Study from an American Perspective’,
185:, in 1929. His mother died that same year. Summers attended high school in Winchester, and entered the
101:
1030:
Smith, Russell A. "Panel
Discussion: The National Labor Relations Act and Collective Bargaining." In
981:
Goldberg, Michael J. "Present at the
Creation: Clyde Summers and the Field of Union Democracy Law."
145:
of 1959 (also known as the
Landrum–Griffin Act or LMRDA) and was highly influential in the field of
446:
85:
309:
in 1975, where he was Jefferson B. Fordham Professor of Law. He retired in 2005 at the age of 87.
146:
226:
225:
at the beginning of World War II. But Summers, opposed to the use of force, declared himself a
558:
1066:
1061:
357:
334:
305:
from 1956 to 1975, but left after he felt marginalized by the faculty there. He joined the
252:
182:
166:
62:
705:
Smith, "Panel Discussion: The National Labor Relations Act and Collective Bargaining," in
371:
For nearly four decades starting in 1969, Summers served on the board of directors of the
153:
was to the field of privacy law, Clyde Summers is to the field of union democracy," wrote
8:
911:
Goldberg, "Present at the Creation: Clyde Summers and the Field of Union Democracy Law,"
895:
Goldberg, "Present at the Creation: Clyde Summers and the Field of Union Democracy Law,"
879:
Goldberg, "Present at the Creation: Clyde Summers and the Field of Union Democracy Law,"
866:
Goldberg, "Present at the Creation: Clyde Summers and the Field of Union Democracy Law,"
848:
Goldberg, "Present at the Creation: Clyde Summers and the Field of Union Democracy Law,"
835:
Goldberg, "Present at the Creation: Clyde Summers and the Field of Union Democracy Law,"
819:
Goldberg, "Present at the Creation: Clyde Summers and the Field of Union Democracy Law,"
806:
Goldberg, "Present at the Creation: Clyde Summers and the Field of Union Democracy Law,"
793:
Goldberg, "Present at the Creation: Clyde Summers and the Field of Union Democracy Law,"
777:
Goldberg, "Present at the Creation: Clyde Summers and the Field of Union Democracy Law,"
734:
Goldberg, "Present at the Creation: Clyde Summers and the Field of Union Democracy Law,"
718:
Goldberg, "Present at the Creation: Clyde Summers and the Field of Union Democracy Law,"
637:
Goldberg, "Present at the Creation: Clyde Summers and the Field of Union Democracy Law,"
602:
Goldberg, "Present at the Creation: Clyde Summers and the Field of Union Democracy Law,"
469:
406:
397:
286:
282:
278:
263:
190:
559:
Greenhouse, Steven. "Clyde Summers, Advocate of Labor Union Democracy, Is Dead at 91."
349:
222:
178:
953:
Summers, Clyde W. "Democracy in a One-Party State: Perspectives from Landrum–Griffin"
274:
206:
327:
United States Senate Select Committee on Improper Activities in Labor and Management
337:
978:
David Lewin, ed. Madison, Wisc.: Industrial Relations Research Association, 1992.
442:
360:
330:
302:
205:) in 1942. While an undergraduate and law student, Summers became active in the
270:
150:
317:
In the 1940s and 1950s, Summers wrote numerous "ground-breaking" articles for
1055:
509:
376:
353:
260:
240:
210:
504:
198:
174:
117:
89:
1011:
Fundamental Liberties of a Free People: Religion, Speech, Press, Assembly.
655:
Fundamental Liberties of a Free People: Religion, Speech, Press, Assembly,
290:
138:
1018:
The Price of Rights: The Courts, the Welfare State, and Civil Liberties.
672:
The Price of Rights: The Courts, the Welfare State, and Civil Liberties,
318:
990:
Mobsters, Unions, and Feds: The Mafia and the American Labor Movement.
929:
Mobsters, Unions, and Feds: The Mafia and the American Labor Movement,
591:
Mobsters, Unions, and Feds: The Mafia and the American Labor Movement,
289:
to teach labor law to union members, and represented union members in
490:‘Democracy in a one party state: perspectives from Landrum Griffin’,
414:
202:
422:
170:
30:
974:
Finkin, Matthew W. "Labor Law Scholarship: A Critical Survey." In
301:. The updated report was published in June 1952. He taught law at
193:
in accounting in 1939 and subsequently attended the University's
66:
976:
Research Frontiers in Industrial Relations and Human Resources.
942:
Research Frontiers in Industrial Relations and Human Resources,
450:
297:(ACLU) asked Summers to update the organization's 1943 report,
344:
Summers' work was critical to the drafting and passage of the
1006:
Chapel Hill, N.C.: University of North Carolina Press, 2005.
453:. He was survived by his wife, two daughters, and two sons.
169:. His parents were farmers, and the Summers family moved to
1041:
Carbondale, Ill.: Southern Illinois University Press, 1999.
1004:
Yale Law School and the Sixties: Revolt and Reverberations.
749:
Yale Law School and the Sixties: Revolt and Reverberations,
256:
429:, is considered a labor law "classic". His 1998 casebook,
244:, 325 U.S. 561 (1945). Summers later was admitted to the
1039:
In Defense of American Liberties: A History of the ACLU.
685:
In Defense of American Liberties: A History of the ACLU,
940:
Finkin, "Labor Law Scholarship: A Critical Survey," in
668:
History of the Supreme Court of the United States...,
997:
Black Mondays: Worst Decisions of the Supreme Court.
626:
Black Mondays: Worst Decisions of the Supreme Court,
1013:New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishers, 2003.
907:
905:
891:
889:
1053:
760:Summers, Clyde W. "The Right to Join a Union."
649:
647:
449:, on October 30, 2010, from complications of a
216:
35:Summers receiving an honorary doctorate at the
983:Employee Rights and Employment Policy Journal.
959:Employee Rights and Employment Policy Journal,
913:Employee Rights and Employment Policy Journal,
902:
897:Employee Rights and Employment Policy Journal,
886:
881:Employee Rights and Employment Policy Journal,
868:Employee Rights and Employment Policy Journal,
862:
860:
858:
850:Employee Rights and Employment Policy Journal,
837:Employee Rights and Employment Policy Journal,
831:
829:
821:Employee Rights and Employment Policy Journal,
808:Employee Rights and Employment Policy Journal,
795:Employee Rights and Employment Policy Journal,
789:
787:
779:Employee Rights and Employment Policy Journal,
766:Employee Rights and Employment Policy Journal,
736:Employee Rights and Employment Policy Journal,
730:
728:
720:Employee Rights and Employment Policy Journal,
639:Employee Rights and Employment Policy Journal,
604:Employee Rights and Employment Policy Journal,
1137:University of Pennsylvania Law School faculty
923:
921:
238:upheld the denial of admission to the bar in
143:Labor Management Reporting and Disclosure Act
1132:University of Illinois College of Law alumni
644:
375:(AUD), on the invitation of union reformer
855:
826:
813:
784:
725:
992:New York: New York University Press, 2006.
918:
701:
699:
697:
695:
693:
620:
618:
616:
614:
612:
554:
552:
550:
476:‘The Public Interest in Union Democracy’,
29:
572:
570:
548:
546:
544:
542:
540:
538:
536:
534:
532:
530:
329:began holding hearings in early 1957 on
259:'s "Students in Industry," joined union
1027:Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 2007.
690:
609:
1054:
567:
527:
307:University of Pennsylvania Law School
293:hearings. In the summer of 1949, the
221:Summers' brother had enlisted in the
189:at the age of 16. There, he earned a
128:Jefferson B. Fordham Professor of Law
107:University of Pennsylvania Law School
999:Bethesda, Md.: National Press, 1987.
485:American Journal of Comparative Law
13:
1117:People from Fergus County, Montana
1032:Collective Bargaining and the Law.
707:Collective Bargaining and the Law,
236:Supreme Court of the United States
14:
1158:
1034:Buffalo, N.Y.: Wm. S. Hein, 1986.
393:United States Department of Labor
1122:People from Winchester, Illinois
1077:American conscientious objectors
155:Widener University School of Law
1102:Gies College of Business alumni
947:
934:
873:
842:
800:
771:
754:
741:
712:
456:
388:Trbovich v. United Mine Workers
373:Association for Union Democracy
1020:Frankfurt, Ky.: P. Lang, 2003.
677:
660:
631:
596:
583:
431:Labor Law, Cases and Materials
407:United Mine Workers of America
333:'s influence in labor unions,
295:American Civil Liberties Union
246:New York State Bar Association
231:Illinois State Bar Association
1:
515:
467:'The Right to Join a Union',
312:
209:and became a believer in the
160:
37:Catholic University of Leuven
1142:University of Toledo faculty
1072:American Christian pacifists
520:
217:Career and further education
7:
1127:Scholars of comparative law
498:
427:Labor Relations and the Law
405:. Due to his work with the
346:Landrum–Griffin Act of 1959
10:
1163:
1097:Columbia Law School alumni
1048:New York: Macmillan, 2006.
968:
670:2006, p. 301-302; Kramer,
277:in law in 1952, both from
207:Methodist Student Movement
197:where he graduated with a
102:Yale University Law School
299:Democracy in Trade Unions
124:
113:
97:
74:
44:
28:
21:
1092:Methodists from Illinois
1009:Konvitz, Milton Ridvas.
447:Germantown, Pennsylvania
436:
1147:Yale Law School faculty
1082:American legal scholars
478:Northwestern Law Review
1087:American legal writers
366:1958 Kennedy-Ives Bill
227:conscientious objector
187:University of Illinois
141:. He helped write the
16:American legal scholar
1023:Shearer, Benjamin F.
251:He taught law at the
181:, before settling in
762:Columbia Law Review.
413:prosecution against
335:Governor of New York
253:University of Toledo
183:Winchester, Illinois
167:Grass Range, Montana
165:Summers was born in
135:Clyde Wilson Summers
49:Clyde Wilson Summers
1112:Methodist pacifists
1107:Labour law scholars
955:Maryland Law Review
492:Maryland Law Review
470:Columbia Law Review
398:Dunlop v. Bachowski
287:United Steelworkers
283:United Auto Workers
279:Columbia University
191:Bachelor of Science
1044:Wicek, William M.
1025:Home Front Heroes.
1016:Kramer, Daniel C.
578:Home Front Heroes,
563:November 11, 2010.
487:, (1980) 28, p.367
480:, (1958) 53, p.610
441:Summers died at a
350:Harvard Law School
223:United States Army
179:Tecumseh, Nebraska
988:Jacobs, James B.
915:2010, p. 146-147.
899:2010, p. 144-146.
883:2010, p. 144-145.
768:2010, p. 123-124.
674:2003, p. 125-127.
657:2003, p. 224-225.
494:, (1984) 43, p.93
473:, (1947) 47, p.33
275:Doctor of Science
269:Summers earned a
132:
131:
59:November 21, 1918
1154:
1037:Walker, Samuel.
995:Joseph, Joel D.
962:
951:
945:
938:
932:
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651:
642:
635:
629:
622:
607:
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581:
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338:Averell Harriman
81:
78:October 30, 2010
58:
56:
33:
19:
18:
1162:
1161:
1157:
1156:
1155:
1153:
1152:
1151:
1052:
1051:
1002:Kalman, Laura.
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939:
935:
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588:
584:
575:
568:
561:New York Times.
557:
528:
523:
518:
501:
459:
443:retirement home
439:
361:John F. Kennedy
331:organized crime
315:
303:Yale Law School
219:
163:
105:
93:
83:
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60:
54:
52:
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50:
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24:
17:
12:
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1042:
1035:
1028:
1021:
1014:
1007:
1000:
993:
986:
985:14:121 (2010).
979:
970:
967:
964:
963:
946:
933:
931:2006, p. xiii.
917:
901:
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854:
841:
825:
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799:
783:
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724:
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273:in 1946 and a
271:Master of Laws
218:
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195:college of law
162:
159:
151:Louis Brandeis
130:
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115:
114:Known for
111:
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82:(aged 91)
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987:
984:
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973:
972:
961:2010, p. 148.
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944:1992, p. 527.
943:
937:
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922:
914:
908:
906:
898:
892:
890:
882:
876:
870:2010, p. 144.
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863:
861:
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852:2010, p. 139.
851:
845:
839:2010, p. 138.
838:
832:
830:
823:2010, p. 136.
822:
816:
810:2010, p. 140.
809:
803:
797:2010, p. 134.
796:
790:
788:
781:2010, p. 133.
780:
774:
767:
763:
757:
751:2005, p. 128.
750:
744:
738:2010, p. 135.
737:
731:
729:
722:2010, p. 123.
721:
715:
708:
702:
700:
698:
696:
694:
687:1999, p. 153.
686:
680:
673:
669:
663:
656:
650:
648:
641:2010, p. 122.
640:
634:
627:
621:
619:
617:
615:
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606:2010, p. 121.
605:
599:
593:2006, p. xxv.
592:
586:
580:2007, p. 790.
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555:
553:
551:
549:
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533:
531:
526:
511:
510:UK labour law
508:
506:
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502:
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378:
377:Herman Benson
374:
369:
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362:
359:
356:was asked by
355:
354:Archibald Cox
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254:
249:
247:
243:
242:
241:In re Summers
237:
232:
228:
224:
214:
212:
211:social gospel
208:
204:
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196:
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68:
64:
47:
43:
38:
32:
27:
23:Clyde Summers
20:
1045:
1038:
1031:
1024:
1017:
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1003:
996:
989:
982:
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719:
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709:1986, p. 39.
706:
684:
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628:1987, p. 47.
625:
603:
598:
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585:
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560:
505:US labor law
491:
484:
477:
468:
457:Publications
440:
430:
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402:
396:
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382:Hall v. Cole
380:
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343:
324:
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264:picket lines
250:
239:
220:
175:South Dakota
164:
139:labor unions
134:
133:
118:US labor law
90:Pennsylvania
80:(2010-10-30)
1067:2010 deaths
1062:1918 births
319:law reviews
291:arbitration
109:(1975–2005)
104:(1956–1975)
98:Employer(s)
63:Grass Range
1056:Categories
516:References
352:professor
313:Union work
161:Early life
86:Germantown
55:1918-11-21
653:Konvitz,
576:Shearer,
521:Footnotes
415:Teamsters
203:cum laude
147:labor law
927:Jacobs,
747:Kalman,
683:Walker,
624:Joseph,
589:Jacobs,
499:See also
462:Articles
423:casebook
403:Trbovich
171:Colorado
969:Sources
666:Wicek,
358:Senator
325:As the
120:scholar
67:Montana
39:in 1966
451:stroke
395:) and
261:strike
229:. The
177:; and
437:Death
125:Title
411:RICO
285:and
257:YMCA
199:J.D.
92:, US
75:Died
69:, US
45:Born
445:in
1058::
920:^
904:^
888:^
857:^
828:^
786:^
727:^
692:^
646:^
611:^
569:^
529:^
425:,
248:.
213:.
173:;
88:,
65:,
201:(
57:)
53:(
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