Knowledge

Pollachius virens

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quality between fish which were caught close to fish farms and those that were not, however for catches taken close to fish farms have a higher proportion of fish which are of poor quality. There is a detectable difference in taste between saithe associated and not associated with fish farms, but there are conflicting results on which tastes better and is probably a matter of consumer preference.
443:. Adults can typically live up to 16–20 years and grow to 100–120 centimetres (39–47 in) but individuals up to 130 cm (51 in) and weight up to 32 kg (70 lb 9 oz) have been caught. Juveniles tend to be found close to shore, particularly in rocky areas, and tend to move out into deeper waters as they grow. The current 630:
Saithe often congregate around fish farms and feed on uneaten salmon feeds which have passed through the net walls of the cages. It is the opinion of fishermen that the fish caught close to fish farms is of poor quality. Quality testing shows that the there is relatively minor differences in fillet
53: 561:. Landings in the eastern Atlantic have fluctuated around 300–700 thousand metric tons (300,000–690,000 long tons; 330,000–770,000 short tons) in the period 1980–2017. All the stocks in eastern Atlantic are assessed by 626:
While a great deal of saithe consumed in Europe are caught in British waters, it is not a popular fish with consumers there. Most of the British saithe catch is thus exported to France, where it is widely eaten.
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and has fluctuated around 5–45 thousand metric tons (4,900–44,300 long tons; 5,500–49,600 short tons) per year between 1980 and 2018. The population in the western Atlantic is assessed by USA
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Skjaeraasen, J. E.; Devine, J. A.; Godiksen, J. A.; Fonn, M.; OtterÅ, H.; Kjesbu, O. S.; Norberg, B.; Langangen, Ø.; Karlsen, Ø. (January 2017). "Timecourse of oocyte development in saithe
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All four stocks assessed in the eastern Atlantic and the stock in the western Atlantic are harvested sustainably with many saithe fisheries having been certified as sustainable by the
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is similar to other members of the cod family. This dark colour in the fresh uncooked flesh may have led to the undeserved reputation of this fish as poor for eating.
467:, batch spawners with determinate fecundity. Females produce, depending on their size, between 500 thousand and 9 million eggs which are 1.0 to 1.3 millimetres ( 562: 503: 1657: 2485: 573: 1423: 2537: 2307: 1115: 945: 972:
Uglem, Ingebrigt; Toledo‐Guedes, Kilian; Sanchez‐Jerez, Pablo; Ulvan, Eva Marita; Evensen, Tor; Sæther, Bjørn Steinar (April 2020).
2459: 2498: 756: 2576: 2503: 2665: 1650: 1143: 2655: 444: 2433: 2650: 2550: 2312: 714: 2602: 974:"Does waste feed from salmon farming affect the quality of saithe ( Pollachius virens L.) attracted to fish farms?" 249: 397:
has approximately equal upper and lower jaw lengths. This gives a very different profile to the head. In general,
2640: 2542: 2104: 2028: 1643: 1573: 1048:"Salmon farming affects the fatty acid composition and taste of wild saithe Pollachius virens L.: Salmon farming" 779: 2660: 2524: 2076: 2394: 2372: 1413: 696: 577: 511: 464: 2399: 1021: 1619: 596: 584: 74: 2607: 1103: 661: 848: 595:
Coalfish is edible and has commercial value, although it is considerably less valuable than premium
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Skog, Tor-Einar; Hylland, Ketil; Torstensen, Bente E; Berntssen, Marc H G (October 2003).
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All-Tackle World Record is 22.7 kilograms (50 lb 1 oz) which was caught at
436: 2154: 1594: 2630: 2412: 1282: 1262: 1059: 993: 985: 894: 886: 819: 809: 670: 526: 356: 336: 2563: 2274: 2247: 2227: 2135: 1932: 1508: 1463: 1398: 522: 2529: 2161: 2357: 2262: 2237: 2140: 2125: 1853: 1813: 1748: 1676: 1624: 1513: 1320: 1310: 1203: 1198: 946:"A 'Brexit bonanza' for UK fishing? That's a fishy tale with an unhappy ending" 116: 2624: 2438: 2252: 2130: 2120: 1902: 1897: 1825: 1798: 1743: 1553: 1503: 1483: 1428: 1408: 1335: 1193: 1007: 833: 798:"Female Reproductive Strategies of Marine Fish Species of the North Atlantic" 752: 674: 550: 518: 440: 314: 186: 2232: 2200: 2190: 2094: 1917: 1843: 1685: 1568: 1493: 1488: 1445: 1183: 1121: 950: 922: 908: 568:
The commercial catch of saithe in the western Atlantic is taken by USA and
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and whiting. The main fishing grounds in the eastern Atlantic are in the
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Storozhuk, A. Y.; Golovanov, A. V.; Golubyatnikova, I. P. (1974).
495: 2066: 2056: 2046: 2038: 2011: 1950: 1907: 1892: 1870: 1833: 1793: 1778: 1773: 1768: 1667: 1371: 1160: 1156: 612: 604: 546: 294: 146: 136: 2581: 849:"On the fecundity of Saithe (Pollachius virens) in the NorthSea" 846: 389:
by looking at the relative lengths of the upper and lower jaws.
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in the eastern (top) and western Atlantic (bottom). Data from
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has a noticeable kink over the pectoral fins while that of
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The Cod Fisheries: The History of an International Economy
30:"Coalfish" redirects here; that is also a common name for 1973: 1838: 1152: 635: 600: 538: 533:
and is often caught in mixed species fishery with other
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generally appears to have relatively smaller eyes. The
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Saithe is fished year-round using gear such as Danish
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Saithe reach sexual maturity at 4–9 years old and are
359: 339: 611:-like orange color, it can be salted and smoked. In 563:
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
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International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
401:is a brown or golden colour with a dark back while 654: 795: 2622: 653: 574:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 1424:Collapse of the Atlantic northwest cod fishery 405:is bright silver with a very dark green back. 1651: 1137: 802:Journal of Northwest Atlantic Fishery Science 619:(literally 'sea salmon'), although it is not 1151: 1022:"Saithe quality near fish farms documented" 796:Murua, H; Saborido-Rey, F (December 2003). 1658: 1644: 1144: 1130: 435:It is common in the northern parts of the 60: 51: 1063: 997: 943: 898: 823: 813: 780:Saithe quality near fish farms documented 373:), and the young fish may also be called 321:. It is commonly known in Britain as the 695: 494: 393:has a longer underslung lower jaw while 751: 745: 14: 2623: 723: 2333: 2332: 1639: 1125: 925:. British Sea Fishing. 28 August 2012 313:, it is generally referred to in the 683:participating institution membership 705:. Oxford University Press. p.  385:This species can be separated from 24: 1075: 944:Lichfield, John (31 August 2019). 377:in Scotland and northern England. 25: 2677: 1091: 2167: 2160: 2153: 1214: 1109: 1097: 1065:10.1046/j.1365-2109.2003.00901.x 634:Saithe is also used as food for 355: 335: 73: 1574:Traditional Grimsby smoked fish 1039: 1014: 965: 937: 615:, the fish is commonly sold as 458: 915: 862: 840: 789: 773: 689: 647: 380: 13: 1: 641: 621:closely related to any salmon 1087:. Retrieved 25 October 2019. 490: 7: 2666:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus 1414:Cod fishing in Newfoundland 578:Fisheries and Oceans Canada 512:Fisheries and Oceans Canada 10: 2682: 2656:Fish of the North Atlantic 786:, accessed 17 January 2021 590: 585:Marine Stewardship Council 29: 2341: 2293: 2176: 2151: 2113: 2085: 2037: 1992: 1964: 1931: 1824: 1759: 1684: 1675: 1582: 1444: 1391: 1361: 1291: 1223: 1212: 1167: 662:Oxford English Dictionary 201: 194: 175: 168: 70:Scientific classification 68: 59: 50: 45: 2651:Fauna of Atlantic Canada 873:: Oocyte development in 755:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). 731:"Definition of 'podley'" 702:Oxford Companion to Food 879:Journal of Fish Biology 769:. October 2010 version. 667:Oxford University Press 487: in) in diameter. 424:The flesh of coalfish ( 2641:Fish described in 1758 1306:Eastern freshwater cod 675:10.1093/OED/3051334919 514: 238:Pollachius carbonarius 2661:Fish of the North Sea 2303:World fish production 1666:Principal commercial 498: 229:Merlangus carbonarius 1499:Dried and salted cod 1106:at Wikimedia Commons 1052:Aquaculture Research 978:Aquaculture Research 665:(Online ed.). 500:Commercial landings 276:Merlangus purpureus 2318:Fisheries glossary 2308:Commercial species 2298:Commercial fishing 1686:Large pelagic fish 1459:Ackee and saltfish 515: 32:Anoplopoma fimbria 2618: 2617: 2590:Open Tree of Life 2387:Pollachius_virens 2373:Pollachius virens 2343:Pollachius virens 2335:Taxon identifiers 2326: 2325: 2223:Freshwater prawns 2149: 2148: 1633: 1632: 1238:East Siberian cod 1116:Pollachius virens 1104:Pollachius virens 1102:Media related to 990:10.1111/are.14519 891:10.1111/jfb.13161 871:Pollachius virens 759:Pollachius virens 681:(Subscription or 437:Northern Atlantic 290:Pollachius virens 286: 285: 280: 272: 261: 253: 242: 233: 225: 221:Gadus carbonarius 217: 209: 179:Pollachius virens 16:(Redirected from 2673: 2611: 2610: 2598: 2597: 2585: 2584: 2572: 2571: 2559: 2558: 2556:atlantic-pollock 2546: 2545: 2533: 2532: 2530:NBNSYS0000177329 2520: 2519: 2507: 2506: 2494: 2493: 2481: 2480: 2468: 2467: 2455: 2454: 2442: 2441: 2429: 2428: 2416: 2415: 2403: 2402: 2390: 2389: 2377: 2376: 2375: 2362: 2361: 2360: 2330: 2329: 2171: 2164: 2157: 1739:southern bluefin 1729:Atlantic bluefin 1682: 1681: 1660: 1653: 1646: 1637: 1636: 1383:Saithe (pollock) 1378:Atlantic pollock 1283:Small-headed cod 1218: 1146: 1139: 1132: 1123: 1122: 1114:Data related to 1113: 1101: 1082:Atlantic pollock 1070: 1069: 1067: 1058:(12): 999–1007. 1043: 1037: 1036: 1034: 1033: 1018: 1012: 1011: 1001: 984:(4): 1720–1730. 969: 963: 962: 960: 958: 941: 935: 934: 932: 930: 919: 913: 912: 902: 866: 860: 859: 856:ICES Document CM 853: 844: 838: 837: 827: 817: 815:10.2960/J.v33.a2 793: 787: 777: 771: 770: 749: 743: 742: 740: 738: 727: 721: 720: 693: 687: 686: 678: 658: 651: 537:species such as 486: 485: 481: 476: 475: 471: 439:, including the 372: 371: 368: 367: 364: 361: 352: 351: 348: 347: 344: 341: 307:. Together with 279:(Mitchill, 1814) 278: 267: 259: 248: 241:(Linnaeus, 1758) 240: 231: 223: 216:(Linnaeus, 1758) 215: 213:Merlangus virens 207: 181: 78: 77: 64: 55: 43: 42: 21: 2681: 2680: 2676: 2675: 2674: 2672: 2671: 2670: 2636:Commercial fish 2621: 2620: 2619: 2614: 2606: 2601: 2593: 2588: 2580: 2575: 2567: 2564:Observation.org 2562: 2554: 2549: 2541: 2536: 2528: 2523: 2515: 2510: 2502: 2497: 2489: 2484: 2476: 2471: 2463: 2458: 2450: 2445: 2437: 2432: 2424: 2419: 2411: 2406: 2398: 2393: 2385: 2380: 2371: 2370: 2365: 2356: 2355: 2350: 2337: 2327: 2322: 2289: 2228:Gilt-head bream 2172: 2166: 2165: 2159: 2158: 2145: 2136:Lobster fishing 2109: 2081: 2033: 1988: 1966:Other wild fish 1960: 1933:Freshwater fish 1927: 1820: 1755: 1734:Pacific bluefin 1671: 1664: 1634: 1629: 1578: 1509:Fish and brewis 1464:Arbroath smokie 1440: 1399:Bottom trawling 1387: 1357: 1287: 1219: 1210: 1163: 1150: 1094: 1078: 1076:Further reading 1073: 1044: 1040: 1031: 1029: 1020: 1019: 1015: 970: 966: 956: 954: 942: 938: 928: 926: 921: 920: 916: 867: 863: 851: 845: 841: 794: 790: 782:24 August 2016 778: 774: 750: 746: 736: 734: 733:. HarperCollins 729: 728: 724: 717: 694: 690: 680: 652: 648: 644: 607:. To achieve a 593: 493: 483: 479: 478: 473: 469: 468: 461: 421:is straighter. 383: 358: 354: 338: 334: 265:Gadus purpureus 232:(Linnaeus, 1758 190: 183: 177: 164: 72: 39: 28: 27:Species of fish 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 2679: 2669: 2668: 2663: 2658: 2653: 2648: 2646:Fish of Europe 2643: 2638: 2633: 2616: 2615: 2613: 2612: 2599: 2586: 2573: 2560: 2547: 2534: 2521: 2508: 2495: 2482: 2469: 2456: 2443: 2430: 2417: 2404: 2391: 2378: 2363: 2347: 2345: 2339: 2338: 2324: 2323: 2321: 2320: 2315: 2313:Fishing topics 2310: 2305: 2300: 2294: 2291: 2290: 2288: 2287: 2282: 2277: 2272: 2267: 2266: 2265: 2260: 2255: 2250: 2240: 2235: 2230: 2225: 2220: 2215: 2214: 2213: 2208: 2203: 2198: 2193: 2182: 2180: 2174: 2173: 2152: 2150: 2147: 2146: 2144: 2143: 2141:Shrimp fishery 2138: 2133: 2128: 2126:Crab fisheries 2123: 2117: 2115: 2111: 2110: 2108: 2107: 2102: 2097: 2091: 2089: 2083: 2082: 2080: 2079: 2074: 2069: 2064: 2059: 2054: 2049: 2043: 2041: 2035: 2034: 2032: 2031: 2026: 2025: 2024: 2014: 2009: 2004: 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1359: 1358: 1356: 1355: 1354: 1353: 1348: 1343: 1333: 1328: 1323: 1318: 1313: 1311:Mary River cod 1308: 1303: 1297: 1295: 1289: 1288: 1286: 1285: 1280: 1275: 1270: 1265: 1260: 1255: 1250: 1245: 1240: 1235: 1229: 1227: 1221: 1220: 1213: 1211: 1209: 1208: 1207: 1206: 1204:Norway pollock 1199:Alaska pollock 1196: 1191: 1186: 1181: 1173: 1171: 1165: 1164: 1149: 1148: 1141: 1134: 1126: 1120: 1119: 1118:at Wikispecies 1107: 1093: 1092:External links 1090: 1089: 1088: 1085:NOAA FishWatch 1077: 1074: 1072: 1071: 1038: 1013: 964: 936: 914: 885:(1): 109–128. 861: 839: 788: 772: 753:Froese, Rainer 744: 722: 715: 697:Davidson, Alan 688: 645: 643: 640: 592: 589: 551:Faeroe Islands 492: 489: 460: 457: 382: 379: 284: 283: 282: 281: 273: 262: 260:Lacepède, 1800 254: 243: 235: 226: 224:Linnaeus, 1758 218: 210: 208:Linnaeus, 1758 199: 198: 192: 191: 184: 173: 172: 166: 165: 161:P. virens 158: 156: 152: 151: 144: 140: 139: 134: 130: 129: 124: 120: 119: 117:Actinopterygii 114: 110: 109: 104: 100: 99: 94: 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586: 581: 579: 575: 571: 566: 564: 560: 556: 552: 549:, around the 548: 544: 540: 536: 532: 528: 524: 520: 513: 509: 505: 501: 497: 488: 466: 456: 454: 450: 446: 442: 441:Bay of Biscay 438: 433: 431: 430:P. pollachius 427: 422: 420: 416: 415:P. pollachius 412: 408: 404: 400: 399:P. pollachius 396: 392: 391:P. pollachius 388: 387:P. pollachius 378: 376: 370: 350: 332: 328: 324: 320: 316: 315:United States 312: 311: 310:P. pollachius 306: 305: 301:in the genus 300: 296: 292: 291: 277: 274: 270: 266: 263: 258: 255: 251: 247: 246:Gadus colinus 244: 239: 236: 230: 227: 222: 219: 214: 211: 206: 203: 202: 200: 197: 193: 188: 182: 180: 174: 171: 170:Binomial name 167: 163: 162: 157: 154: 153: 150: 149: 145: 142: 141: 138: 135: 132: 131: 128: 125: 122: 121: 118: 115: 112: 111: 108: 105: 102: 101: 98: 95: 92: 91: 88: 85: 82: 81: 76: 71: 67: 63: 58: 54: 49: 44: 41: 37: 33: 19: 2342: 2253:salmon trout 1583:Other topics 1569:Taramasalata 1494:Cullen skink 1489:Crappit heid 1433: 1382: 1370: 1363:True pollock 1184:Atlantic cod 1176: 1084: 1055: 1051: 1041: 1030:. Retrieved 1028:. 2016-08-24 1025: 1016: 999:10045/103852 981: 977: 967: 955:. Retrieved 951:The Guardian 949: 939: 927:. Retrieved 917: 882: 878: 874: 870: 864: 858:. 1974/F:13. 855: 842: 805: 801: 791: 783: 775: 764: 758: 747: 735:. Retrieved 725: 701: 691: 660: 649: 633: 629: 625: 616: 594: 582: 567: 516: 462: 459:Reproduction 449:Saltstraumen 434: 429: 425: 423: 418: 414: 411:lateral line 406: 402: 398: 394: 390: 386: 384: 374: 330: 326: 322: 318: 308: 302: 289: 288: 287: 275: 264: 256: 245: 237: 228: 220: 212: 205:Gadus virens 204: 178: 176: 160: 159: 147: 40: 38:) in Canada. 31: 2512:NatureServe 2473:iNaturalist 2367:Wikispecies 2087:Echinoderms 1994:Crustaceans 1761:Forage fish 1529:Fish finger 1479:Cabbie claw 1454:Cod as food 1278:Saffron cod 1258:Pelagic cod 1253:Common ling 1189:Pacific cod 929:11 December 900:10852/61262 825:10261/26868 576:(NOAA) and 553:and in the 543:Barents Sea 465:iteroparous 381:Description 299:marine fish 2625:Categories 2100:Sea urchin 1615:Sacred Cod 1605:Fish flake 1590:Banks dory 1544:Fried fish 1372:Pollachius 1326:Sleepy cod 1321:Potato cod 1316:Murray cod 1233:Arctic cod 1032:2024-06-10 923:"Coalfish" 685:required.) 642:References 559:Celtic Sea 535:groundfish 527:long lines 519:seine nets 304:Pollachius 148:Pollachius 127:Gadiformes 2114:Fisheries 1979:Whitebait 1923:Toothfish 1749:yellowfin 1709:Swordfish 1620:Whitefish 1610:Isinglass 1564:Stockfish 1519:Fish ball 1474:Boknafisk 1469:Bacalaíto 1392:Fisheries 1351:Maori cod 1346:Black cod 1331:Trout cod 1293:Other cod 1263:Polar cod 1248:Blue ling 1243:Eucla cod 1008:1355-557X 875:p. virens 834:0250-6408 808:: 23–31. 784:nofima.no 597:whitefish 555:North Sea 545:, around 531:gill nets 491:Fisheries 426:P. virens 419:P. virens 407:P. virens 403:P. virens 395:P. virens 257:Gadus sey 155:Species: 93:Kingdom: 87:Eukaryota 36:sablefish 2517:2.104270 2491:11125118 2447:FishBase 2358:Q5125285 2352:Wikidata 2270:Scallops 2248:Atlantic 2067:Scallops 2039:Molluscs 1946:Sturgeon 1913:Rockfish 1866:flounder 1861:Flatfish 1844:Atlantic 1814:european 1794:Sardines 1789:Menhaden 1744:skipjack 1719:albacore 1694:Mackerel 1600:Cod worm 1549:Lutefisk 1539:Fish pie 1534:Fish fry 1524:Fishcake 1419:Cod Wars 1404:Cod boat 1301:Blue cod 1273:Rock cod 1268:Poor cod 1225:Cod-like 1169:True cod 957:10 March 909:27734466 766:FishBase 699:(1999). 656:"saithe" 617:Seelachs 599:such as 523:trawlers 323:coalfish 269:Mitchill 250:Lacepède 196:Synonyms 187:Linnaeus 133:Family: 107:Chordata 103:Phylum: 97:Animalia 83:Domain: 18:Coalfish 2631:Pollock 2465:2415861 2285:Tilapia 2275:Seaweed 2263:chinook 2238:Oysters 2233:Mussels 2218:Catfish 2201:crucian 2191:bighead 2105:more... 2077:more... 2062:Oysters 2057:Octopus 2052:Mussels 2047:Abalone 2029:more... 2012:Lobster 1984:more... 1951:Tilapia 1908:Pollock 1893:Haddock 1871:halibut 1849:Pacific 1834:Catfish 1779:Herring 1774:Capelin 1769:Anchovy 1668:fishery 1625:Whiting 1161:pollock 1157:haddock 737:4 April 613:Germany 605:haddock 591:As food 547:Iceland 482:⁄ 472:⁄ 375:podleys 319:pollock 295:species 189:, 1758) 143:Genus: 137:Gadidae 123:Order: 113:Class: 46:Saithe 2608:126441 2582:126441 2504:164727 2478:228496 2439:124305 2426:PLLCVI 2280:Shrimp 2243:Salmon 2211:silver 2196:common 2178:Farmed 2022:Prawns 2017:Shrimp 1898:Mullet 1886:turbot 1876:plaice 1724:bigeye 1699:Salmon 1026:Nofima 1006:  907:  832:  713:  609:salmon 570:Canada 453:Norway 331:saithe 271:, 1814 252:, 1800 2603:WoRMS 2595:62649 2486:IRMNG 2434:EUNIS 2413:4KYQ9 2400:34615 2206:grass 2072:Squid 2007:Krill 1956:Trout 1809:Sprat 1799:Saury 1784:Ilish 1704:Shark 1559:Scrod 1178:Gadus 852:(PDF) 679: 329:, or 327:coley 293:is a 2577:OBIS 2569:2076 2551:NOAA 2543:8060 2538:NCBI 2499:ITIS 2460:GBIF 2452:1343 2421:EPPO 2395:BOLD 2258:coho 2186:Carp 2002:Crab 1941:Carp 1881:sole 1804:Shad 1714:Tuna 1677:Wild 1446:Food 1159:and 1004:ISSN 959:2020 931:2015 905:PMID 830:ISSN 739:2018 711:ISBN 603:and 557:and 529:and 510:and 508:NOAA 445:IGFA 2525:NBN 2408:CoL 2382:ADW 1974:Eel 1839:Cod 1153:Cod 1060:doi 994:hdl 986:doi 895:hdl 887:doi 877:". 820:hdl 810:doi 707:682 671:doi 601:cod 539:cod 484:128 477:to 474:128 451:in 413:of 353:or 317:as 297:of 2627:: 2605:: 2592:: 2579:: 2566:: 2553:: 2540:: 2527:: 2514:: 2501:: 2488:: 2475:: 2462:: 2449:: 2436:: 2423:: 2410:: 2397:: 2384:: 2369:: 2354:: 1155:, 1056:34 1054:. 1050:. 1024:. 1002:. 992:. 982:51 980:. 976:. 948:. 903:. 893:. 883:90 881:. 854:. 828:. 818:. 806:33 804:. 800:. 763:. 709:. 669:. 659:. 638:. 623:. 587:. 580:. 525:, 521:, 506:, 455:. 363:eɪ 343:eɪ 325:, 1659:e 1652:t 1645:v 1145:e 1138:t 1131:v 1068:. 1062:: 1035:. 1010:. 996:: 988:: 961:. 933:. 911:. 897:: 889:: 836:. 822:: 812:: 761:" 757:" 741:. 719:. 677:. 673:: 480:7 470:5 369:/ 366:θ 360:s 357:/ 349:/ 346:ð 340:s 337:/ 333:( 234:) 185:( 34:( 20:)

Index

Coalfish
sablefish


Scientific classification
Edit this classification
Eukaryota
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Gadiformes
Gadidae
Pollachius
Binomial name
Linnaeus
Synonyms
Lacepède
Mitchill
species
marine fish
Pollachius
P. pollachius
United States
/sð/
/sθ/
lateral line
Northern Atlantic
Bay of Biscay
IGFA
Saltstraumen

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