417:
29:
597: – the conductor outputs a beat packet to all other CobraNet devices on the network at a rate of 750 packets per second. All other CobraNet devices on the network synchronize their audio clock and their data transmissions to the beat packet. The beat packet contains network operating parameters, clock data and transmission permissions for multicast and unicast bundles.
1359:, powered by an electrical cable and fitted with integrated CobraNet inputs, eliminates the speaker cable and replaces it with a network cable. Since a speaker will only use one audio channel out of the bundle, many speakers with CobraNet will also have a number of analog outputs for the rest of the channels in the bundle, which is useful in speaker cluster applications.
1314:. As self-powered speakers became more common, Cobranet was frequently used to distribute the audio signal from the DSP. These devices typically receive audio from CobraNet (and often from other digital or analog sources simultaneously), and process the audio using digital filters and effects (for example, volume control,
1301:
which converts a CobraNet signal to eight analog audio signals would require little or no configuration by the end user apart from possibly selecting the bundle number. If configuration is required (for example, in a DSP box with integrated CobraNet I/O), then the manufacturer of the device typically
1296:
Cirrus Logic provides a software application known as CobraCAD, which assists in the design of the network on which the CobraNet system will run. It helps to identify if there are too many routers between two CobraNet devices, if a certain latency is possible given the network configuration and other
1263:
CobraNet interfaces come in several varieties, some of which can support more channels than others. Additionally, CobraNet interfaces have two
Ethernet ports labelled "primary" and "secondary". Only the primary Ethernet port needs to be connected, but if both ports are connected the latter acts as a
539:
are sent from one CobraNet device to any other device or devices configured to receive the bundle number. Unicast bundles are much more efficient because network switches route them only to devices which actually want to receive them. Despite their name, unicast bundles may still be sent to multiple
560:
must include data in its beat packets for every bundle on the network, and the beat packet is limited to 1,500 bytes. If each device is transmitting one bundle, there may be up to 184 transmitters active simultaneously (for a total of 184 bundles). If each device is transmitting four
204:
CobraNet was designed for and is primarily used in large commercial audio installations such as convention centers, stadiums, airports, theme parks, and concert halls. It has applications where a large number of audio channels must be transmitted over long distances or to multiple locations.
318:
Ethernet variants, the cost of cabling per audio channel is reduced further compared to the fast
Ethernet implementation. CobraNet data can coexist with data traffic over existing Ethernet networks so a single network infrastructure can serve audio distribution and other networking needs.
514:
audio, for a total capacity of 64 channels. CobraNet is somewhat scalable, in that channel capacity increases when 16-bit audio is used, and channel capacity decreases when 24-bit audio is used. The number of channels allowed per bundle is limited by the 1,500-byte
Ethernet
1374:
Manufacturers who wish to integrate CobraNet connectivity into their devices either license the technology or purchase CobraNet interface modules or chips from Cirrus Logic. Many audio equipment manufacturers have included CobraNet in their products. Below is a partial list:
561:
bundles, then only 105 transmitters can be active, although they would be producing a total of 421 active bundles. The use of private bundles does not require any additional data in the beat packet, so these network limitations can be sidestepped by using private bundles.
883:
table that more information can be sent at a lower latency. However, that is not the case. More channels can be sent per bundle, but fewer bundles can be processed simultaneously by one device. So, while eight 24-bit, 96 kHz channels can be sent in one bundle at
550:
of the device that transmits them. To receive a private bundle, both the bundle number and the MAC address of the transmitter must be specified. Because 256 private bundles available to each transmitter, there is no limit on the total number private bundles on a
1354:
application, the amplifier would be housed far away from the speaker, and a long speaker cable (analog) would be run between the speaker and the amplifier. The speaker cable would be subject to interference and signal loss from electrical resistance. However, a
2446:
In 1996, Peavey
Electronics, QSC Audio Products Inc., and Rane Corporation became the first licensees of CobraNet. Since then, many other manufacturers worldwide have begun to offer CobraNet compliant equipment (for a full list of CobraNet manufacturers, visit
555:
As long as multicast bundles are used sparingly, it is virtually impossible to exceed the bandwidth of a 100 Mbit network with CobraNet data. However, there are limitations to the maximum number of bundles that can be sent on a network, since the
898:
ms latency, due to processing constraints, the CobraNet device may only be able to send and receive one bundle instead of the usual four. The bundle capacity of CobraNet devices are unique to the particular device and are not always the same. The
907:
AudiaFLEX-CM DSP device. The Rx and Tx columns indicate the absolute maximum number of channels that can be received or transmitted. The Rx/Tx column represents the maximum number of channels that can be received and transmitted simultaneously.
1757:
614:
of audio data per channel. At lower latency settings, audio packets may be sent twice or four times for each beat packet received. Bundles do not share packets; separate packets are sent in sequence for each bundle transmitted from the same
505:
CobraNet data is organized into channels and bundles. A typical CobraNet signal can contain up to 4 bundles of audio traveling in each direction, for a total of 8 bundles per device. Each bundle houses up to 8 channels of
621: – these packets are transmitted as needed or typically once per second at minimum. Their function is to control bandwidth allocation, initiate connections between CobraNet devices, and monitor the status of CobraNet devices.
533:. Each CobraNet device individually determines if it will use the bundle or discard it. Therefore, multicast bundles are more bandwidth-intensive than other bundle types. Bundle numbers 1–255 are reserved for multicast bundles.
240:-based Peak Audio. Initial demonstrations were of a 10 Mbit/s point-to-point system with limited channel capacity. The first permanent installation of CobraNet in this early form was to provide background music throughout
364:. For critical applications, CobraNet devices can be wired with redundant connections to the network. In this configuration, if one CobraNet device, cable, or Ethernet switch fails, the other takes over almost immediately.
577:
can be configured to influence the selection of the conductor. Among devices with the same conductor priority, the first to establish itself on the network becomes is elected conductor. All other devices are known as
734:
Since reducing latency means sending smaller packets more often, higher resolution (i.e. 96 kHz, 24-bit) audio channels can be sent per bundle without exceeding the 1,500-byte payload limit for
Ethernet
610:, these packets are sent out by all CobraNet devices after they receive a beat packet. At standard latency settings, one audio packet is sent for each beat packet received, and each audio packet includes 64
1297:
tasks. However, Cirrus Logic does not provide software to manipulate their hardware. In fact, in the simplest of cases, no software is required by the end user. For instance, a simple
1972:
2557:
1344:
with integrated CobraNet help keep the signal chain digital for a longer span. Amplifiers with CobraNet inputs may also have limited DSP and network monitoring capabilities.
2975:
2800:
2663:
1629:
2459:
2434:
582:. In the event that the conductor fails, another CobraNet device will be chosen to become the conductor within milliseconds. CobraNet cannot function without a conductor.
2621:
678:. Latency can be reduced by sending smaller packets more often. In most cases, the programmer can choose the desired CobraNet latency for a particular CobraNet device (
2513:
1685:
The
Froehlich/Kent Encyclopedia of Telecommunications: Volume 10 - Introduction to Computer Networking to Methods for Usability Engineering in Equipment Design
2118:
540:
devices, either by transmitting multiple copies of the audio data or using multicast addressing. Bundle numbers 256–65279 are reserved for unicast bundles.
546:
may be sent with unicast or multicast addressing. Bundle numbers 65280–65535 are reserved for private bundles. Private bundle numbers are paired with the
497:
wireless networks tend to cause frequent dropouts and errors. However, wireless communication of CobraNet data can be accomplished reliably using lasers.
1775:
2323:
2375:
2614:
2007:
904:
1268:. Careful network design and topology which takes advantage of this feature can provide extremely high reliability in critical applications.
389:
per network traversal. For some applications, these delays can be unacceptable – especially when combined with further delays resulting from
259:. QSC was the first to license the technology from Peak Audio and marketed it under the RAVE brand. At this point CobraNet had graduated to
2942:
2767:
2645:
1979:
408:
Licensing the technology or purchasing the required CobraNet interfaces, which encode and decode the CobraNet signal, can be expensive.
2607:
2488:
1467:
2594:
2467:
282:, increased bit resolutions and lowered latency capabilities were later introduced in an incremental and backward-compatible manner.
2563:
482:; CobraNet cannot be used over the Internet. The network over which CobraNet is transmitted must be able to operate at a minimum of
1635:
2808:
2147:
1937:
727:
Reducing latency places additional demands on network performance, and may not be possible in some network configurations if the
2535:
3099:
2359:
1693:
1666:
631:
may be sent between CobraNet devices on the same network. Many standard asynchronous serial formats are supported, including
2273:
1732:
275:
2199:
1330:, etc.) and then output the audio via CobraNet (or other digital or analog outputs). Some DSPs even have an integral
628:
1801:
3145:
493:
CobraNet is not designed to work over wireless networks. Bandwidth and reliability issues associated with typical
2122:
656:
The buffering and transmission of audio data in
Ethernet packets typically incurs a delay of 256 samples or
427:
2225:
1608:
2053:
1781:
3047:
605:
3067:
3042:
2736:
2671:
1885:
675:
671:
330:
213:
402:
398:
306:
Using CobraNet and fast
Ethernet, 64 channels of uncompressed digital audio are carried through a single
3014:
1485:
241:
2376:"Renkus-Heinz Adopts Cirrus Logic's CS4961XX CobraNet ICs to Drive New Series of Powered Loudspeakers"
1752:
289:
announced that it had acquired the assets of Peak Audio. Leveraging Cirrus DSP technology, a low-cost
3062:
3004:
2903:
516:
394:
1755:, "Media access control for isochronous data packets in carrier sensing multiple access systems"
1366:
are available with optional CobraNet interfaces for increased channel capacity and reduced cabling.
724:
Reducing latency requires more processing by the CobraNet interface and may reduce channel capacity.
3072:
3037:
2965:
2950:
2746:
1351:
1311:
1350:
with integrated CobraNet help keep the signal chain digital for an even longer span. In a typical
197:
network. Developed in the 1990s, CobraNet is widely regarded as the first commercially successful
1319:
334:
98:
1913:
3140:
1656:
1413:
353:
322:
Audio routing can be changed at any time with network commands, and does not require rewiring.
183:
2349:
1683:
530:
255:
CobraNet was first introduced as an interoperable standard in collaboration with manufacturer
3032:
2908:
728:
1828:
3027:
2999:
2918:
2845:
1323:
1315:
2884:
2708:
420:
Simple block diagram of an audio system employing CobraNet technology. Red lines indicate
8:
2832:
1583:
1398:
198:
590:
Four main types of packet are used in the transmission and synchronization of CobraNet:
263:
and used a unique collision avoidance technique to carry up to 64 channels per
Ethernet
2898:
2726:
2636:
2174:
1495:
1472:
1449:
1443:
1408:
479:
475:
459:
361:
256:
87:
2153:
1944:
3150:
2355:
1689:
1662:
529:
are sent from one CobraNet device to all other CobraNet devices in the network using
471:
349:
271:
237:
2599:
1271:
The typical CobraNet interfaces provided by Cirrus Logic are the CM-1 and the CM-2:
2463:
1383:
1335:
1331:
557:
357:
311:
307:
290:
264:
179:
2397:
2422:
2251:
1356:
1327:
511:
467:
463:
443:
249:
187:
164:
116:
2775:
1710:
1438:
1363:
455:
451:
390:
77:
1738:
1284: – compact, low-power, lower cost design provides 8 or 16 audio channels.
569:
The CobraNet network is synchronized to a single CobraNet device known as the
3134:
2883:
1423:
1418:
1278: – the standard CobraNet card, provides 32 in and 32 out audio channels.
611:
507:
421:
279:
260:
245:
190:
150:
103:
2298:
2096:
2074:
2032:
1850:
1457:
1298:
1288:
Both cards are designed to be added to audio products by the manufacturer.
447:
386:
342:
326:
286:
225:
221:
209:
47:
438:
CobraNet is transmitted using standard
Ethernet packets. Instead of using
2983:
1428:
1393:
1347:
547:
338:
315:
217:
134:
416:
3057:
3052:
2865:
1490:
1462:
720: milliseconds). However, reducing audio latency has consequences:
270:
CobraNet was subsequently enhanced to support and eventually require a
278:
agent was added for remote control and monitoring. Support for higher
2873:
1388:
1341:
1265:
487:
228:
allows audio to be transmitted using less cabling than analog audio.
212:, which suffers from signal degradation over long cable runs due to
2741:
522:
There are three types of bundles: multicast, unicast, and private:
431:
194:
2324:"Pro audio manufacturers continue licensing migration to CobraNet"
2955:
2850:
2653:
372:
Delays over the CobraNet transmission medium itself are at least
244:
theme park. The first commercial use of CobraNet was during the
28:
2790:
2716:
2681:
1433:
1403:
640:
636:
632:
494:
439:
3115:
2913:
2893:
2840:
2822:
2813:
2731:
2721:
670: milliseconds. Additional delays are introduced through
424:
156:
2435:
International Association of Amusement Parks and Attractions
1681:
3022:
2960:
2785:
2780:
2696:
2691:
2676:
2587:
2515:
QSC debuts the DXP digital expansion processor at CinemaCon
644:
1310:
One type of device that integrates CobraNet is the audio
2423:"Audio Systems—it's Not Just Speakers and Wires Anymore"
1777:
Fiber in the Whole (House): Cirrus Logic Buys Peak Audio
1334:, and can incorporate CobraNet and other sources into a
2595:
CobraNet overview, usage and Frequently Asked Questions
2005:
1970:
293:
implementation of CobraNet was developed and marketed.
2629:
2001:
1999:
486:. All CobraNet packets are identified with a unique
2227:Selection and Operation of Audio Signal Processors
1996:
1883:
2537:Q-Sys CCN32 CobraNet Audio I/O Card Now Available
2274:"Technology Showcase: Networked Power Amplifiers"
1634:, ProAudio-Central, 2 August 2010, archived from
1302:supplies proprietary software for that purpose.
16:Real-time professional audio over an Ethernet LAN
3132:
1802:"FORM 10-Q FOR QUARTER ENDED SEPTEMBER 29, 2001"
1730:
1682:Fritz E. Froehlich; Allen Kent (28 March 1995).
1675:
458:, and are not as susceptible to the latency and
2559:QSC BOLSTERS Q-SYS WITH CONTROLLER AND I/O CARD
1907:
1905:
296:
2420:
2166:
1966:
1964:
1935:
2615:
2116:
2008:"Networked audio system design with CobraNet"
329:form, and provides reduced susceptibility to
1902:
903:table illustrates the bundle capacity for a
178:is a combination of software, hardware, and
2347:
2200:"AUDIO NETWORKING: THE LATEST DEVELOPMENTS"
1961:
1654:
901:Channels per bundle vs. test case latencies
2622:
2608:
2378:(Press release). Business Wire. 2007-03-15
2341:
2254:(Press release). Biamp Systems. 2012-06-13
2223:
1708:
1606:
478:, and therefore it is limited to use on a
1931:
1929:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1769:
1767:
1648:
1258:
2416:
2414:
2395:
2291:
2145:
2094:
2072:
2030:
1848:
1826:
1820:
1253:
415:
348:Use of Ethernet by CobraNet offers many
2197:
1773:
1514:CobraNet supports three latency modes:
500:
470:. However, since CobraNet does not use
442:packets, CobraNet transfers data using
3133:
2489:"Dolby® Lake® Processor System Manual"
2447:www.peakaudio.com/CobraNet/index.htm).
1926:
1864:
1794:
1764:
1734:AARC-NET, Audio Networking Made Simple
1712:How Theme Parks Work (Part 3:Networks)
446:packets, which travel quickly through
430:, while green lines indicate standard
3100:Comparison of audio network protocols
2603:
2562:, InAVate, 2011-09-14, archived from
2494:. Dolby Laboratories, Inc. p. 38
2411:
2354:. Taylor & Francis. p. 156.
2271:
2172:
2088:
2066:
2046:
2024:
1842:
1578:
1576:
2351:Network Technology for Digital Audio
2252:"BIAMP SYSTEMS INTRODUCES AUDIAVOIP"
1973:"An introduction to networked audio"
1914:"Digital Audio Distribution Systems"
1884:Cirrus Logic, Inc. (February 2006).
474:, its packets cannot travel through
490:(0x8819) assigned to Cirrus Logic.
224:. Additionally, the use of digital
13:
1806:Securities and Exchange Commission
1573:
564:
236:CobraNet was developed in 1996 by
14:
3162:
2630:Digital audio and video protocols
2579:
1911:
1886:"CobraNet Programmer's Reference"
1610:Following the Digital Audio Chain
1589:. Audio Engineering Society. 2009
1584:"Best Practices in Network Audio"
2149:CobraNet Networked Digital Audio
2006:Yamaha System Solutions (2006).
1971:Yamaha System Solutions (2006).
1369:
367:
27:
2550:
2528:
2506:
2481:
2452:
2389:
2368:
2330:. NewBay Media, LLC. 2007-01-25
2316:
2265:
2244:
2217:
2191:
2139:
2110:
1508:
881:Latency vs. Channels per bundle
411:
1745:
1724:
1702:
1622:
1600:
208:CobraNet is an alternative to
1:
2272:Liles, Bennett (2007-03-01).
2121:. p. 128. Archived from
1567:
531:Ethernet multicast addressing
301:
2278:Sound & Video Contractor
2198:Jarrell, Will (2012-06-08).
2117:Biamp Systems (2007-02-14).
1709:Karagosian, Michael (2006),
1658:Handbook for Sound Engineers
1655:Glen Ballou (5 March 2015).
1607:Karagosian, Michael (2004),
1557:
676:digital-to-analog conversion
488:Ethernet protocol identifier
397:and the conversions between
331:electromagnetic interference
297:Advantages and disadvantages
214:electromagnetic interference
7:
2421:Jody Van Meter (May 2002).
2299:"Get Connected by CobraNet"
1978:. p. 7. Archived from
1943:. p. 4. Archived from
1774:Doering, Christian (2001),
1661:. CRC Press. p. 1421.
1479:
1291:
462:problems commonly found in
59:; 28 years ago
10:
3167:
2460:"PowerMatch CobraNet card"
1808:. United States Government
1688:. CRC Press. p. 300.
1486:Audio Contribution over IP
1305:
651:
585:
231:
3108:
3092:
3085:
3013:
2992:
2974:
2941:
2934:
2882:
2831:
2799:
2766:
2759:
2707:
2662:
2644:
2635:
2224:Sigismondi, Gino (2003).
2098:CobraNet FAQ, Question 24
2076:CobraNet FAQ, Question 28
2034:CobraNet FAQ, Question 13
1852:CobraNet FAQ, Question 12
1731:Audio Networking (2009),
948:
932:
916:
913:
744:
741:
466:protocols using a higher
395:digital signal processing
162:
148:
141:Maximum channels per link
140:
114:
109:
96:
86:
76:
71:
53:
43:
38:
26:
21:
2119:"Audia Operation Manual"
2054:"Whirlwind E-Beam Laser"
1938:"Renkus-Heinz ST Series"
1501:
629:asynchronous serial data
325:Audio is transmitted in
3146:Audio network protocols
2206:. Production Media, Inc
242:Disney's Animal Kingdom
1259:CobraNet network cards
603: – also known as
435:
354:Spanning Tree Protocol
1753:US patent 5761430
1254:Hardware and software
879:It may seem from the
625:Serial bridge packets
419:
72:Network Compatibility
2348:Andy Bailey (2001).
1891:. 2.5. pp. 7–27
914:Channels per bundle
765:24-bit, 96 kHz
762:20-bit, 96 kHz
759:16-bit, 96 kHz
756:24-bit, 48 kHz
753:20-bit, 48 kHz
750:16-bit, 48 kHz
745:Channels per bundle
501:Channels and bundles
182:designed to deliver
110:Audio Specifications
2280:. NewBay Media, LLC
1936:Renkus Heinz, Inc.
1631:The back of the net
1404:D&R Electronica
1399:Crown International
619:Reservation packets
199:audio-over-Ethernet
2727:Open Sound Control
2399:CobraNet Community
2233:. SHURE. p. 6
2175:"CI8M user manual"
1473:Yamaha Corporation
1450:QSC Audio Products
1409:Dolby Laboratories
575:conductor priority
436:
362:network management
337:, coloration, and
257:QSC Audio Products
3128:
3127:
3124:
3123:
3081:
3080:
2930:
2929:
2755:
2754:
2361:978-0-240-51588-5
2204:Church Production
1830:Ethernet Overview
1695:978-0-8247-2908-0
1668:978-1-135-01666-1
1352:unpowered speaker
1251:
1250:
877:
876:
672:analog-to-digital
527:Multicast bundles
352:features such as
350:high availability
272:switched Ethernet
238:Boulder, Colorado
216:, high-frequency
186:, multi-channel,
180:network protocols
173:
172:
39:Manufacturer Info
3158:
3090:
3089:
2977:
2944:
2939:
2938:
2886:
2802:
2769:
2764:
2763:
2710:
2665:
2647:
2642:
2641:
2638:
2624:
2617:
2610:
2601:
2600:
2591:
2590:
2588:Official website
2574:
2573:
2572:
2571:
2554:
2548:
2547:
2546:
2545:
2532:
2526:
2525:
2524:
2523:
2510:
2504:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2493:
2485:
2479:
2478:
2476:
2475:
2466:. Archived from
2464:Bose Corporation
2456:
2450:
2449:
2443:
2441:
2418:
2409:
2408:
2407:
2406:
2393:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2383:
2372:
2366:
2365:
2345:
2339:
2338:
2336:
2335:
2328:tvtechnology.com
2320:
2314:
2313:
2311:
2310:
2295:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2285:
2269:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2259:
2248:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2238:
2232:
2221:
2215:
2214:
2212:
2211:
2195:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2185:
2179:
2170:
2164:
2163:
2162:
2161:
2152:, archived from
2143:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2133:
2127:
2114:
2108:
2107:
2106:
2105:
2092:
2086:
2085:
2084:
2083:
2070:
2064:
2063:
2061:
2060:
2050:
2044:
2043:
2042:
2041:
2028:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2018:
2012:
2003:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1990:
1984:
1977:
1968:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1955:
1949:
1942:
1933:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1920:
1909:
1900:
1899:
1897:
1896:
1890:
1881:
1862:
1861:
1860:
1859:
1846:
1840:
1839:
1838:
1837:
1824:
1818:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1798:
1792:
1791:
1790:
1789:
1780:, archived from
1771:
1762:
1761:
1760:
1756:
1749:
1743:
1742:
1737:, archived from
1728:
1722:
1721:
1720:
1719:
1706:
1700:
1699:
1679:
1673:
1672:
1652:
1646:
1645:
1644:
1643:
1626:
1620:
1619:
1618:
1617:
1604:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1594:
1588:
1580:
1561:
1555:
1554:
1550:
1547:
1541:
1540:
1536:
1533:
1527:
1526:
1522:
1519:
1512:
1384:Bose Corporation
1336:teleconferencing
1332:telephone hybrid
961:
960:
956:
953:
945:
944:
940:
937:
929:
928:
924:
921:
911:
910:
897:
896:
892:
889:
854:
853:
849:
846:
818:
817:
813:
810:
782:
781:
777:
774:
739:
738:
729:forwarding delay
719:
718:
714:
711:
705:
704:
700:
697:
691:
690:
686:
683:
669:
668:
664:
661:
485:
391:propagation time
385:
384:
380:
377:
358:link aggregation
308:category 5 cable
265:collision domain
201:implementation.
193:over a standard
133:
132:
128:
125:
67:
65:
60:
54:Development date
31:
19:
18:
3166:
3165:
3161:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3156:
3155:
3131:
3130:
3129:
3120:
3104:
3077:
3009:
2988:
2970:
2926:
2878:
2827:
2795:
2751:
2703:
2658:
2631:
2628:
2586:
2585:
2582:
2577:
2569:
2567:
2556:
2555:
2551:
2543:
2541:
2534:
2533:
2529:
2521:
2519:
2512:
2511:
2507:
2497:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2486:
2482:
2473:
2471:
2458:
2457:
2453:
2439:
2437:
2419:
2412:
2404:
2402:
2394:
2390:
2381:
2379:
2374:
2373:
2369:
2362:
2346:
2342:
2333:
2331:
2322:
2321:
2317:
2308:
2306:
2297:
2296:
2292:
2283:
2281:
2270:
2266:
2257:
2255:
2250:
2249:
2245:
2236:
2234:
2230:
2222:
2218:
2209:
2207:
2196:
2192:
2183:
2181:
2177:
2171:
2167:
2159:
2157:
2144:
2140:
2131:
2129:
2128:on July 7, 2011
2125:
2115:
2111:
2103:
2101:
2093:
2089:
2081:
2079:
2071:
2067:
2058:
2056:
2052:
2051:
2047:
2039:
2037:
2029:
2025:
2016:
2014:
2010:
2004:
1997:
1988:
1986:
1982:
1975:
1969:
1962:
1953:
1951:
1947:
1940:
1934:
1927:
1918:
1916:
1910:
1903:
1894:
1892:
1888:
1882:
1865:
1857:
1855:
1847:
1843:
1835:
1833:
1825:
1821:
1811:
1809:
1800:
1799:
1795:
1787:
1785:
1772:
1765:
1758:
1751:
1750:
1746:
1729:
1725:
1717:
1715:
1707:
1703:
1696:
1680:
1676:
1669:
1653:
1649:
1641:
1639:
1628:
1627:
1623:
1615:
1613:
1605:
1601:
1592:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1581:
1574:
1570:
1565:
1564:
1552:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1538:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1524:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1509:
1504:
1482:
1477:
1372:
1364:mixing consoles
1357:powered speaker
1308:
1294:
1261:
1256:
958:
954:
951:
949:
942:
938:
935:
933:
926:
922:
919:
917:
894:
890:
887:
885:
851:
847:
844:
842:
815:
811:
808:
806:
779:
775:
772:
770:
716:
712:
709:
707:
702:
698:
695:
693:
688:
684:
681:
679:
666:
662:
659:
657:
654:
588:
567:
565:Synchronization
544:Private bundles
537:Unicast bundles
503:
483:
468:transport layer
444:data link layer
414:
382:
378:
375:
373:
370:
341:owing to cable
304:
299:
250:Super Bowl XXXI
234:
130:
126:
123:
121:
63:
61:
58:
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3164:
3154:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3126:
3125:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3118:
3112:
3110:
3106:
3105:
3103:
3102:
3096:
3094:
3087:
3083:
3082:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3019:
3017:
3011:
3010:
3008:
3007:
3002:
2996:
2994:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2986:
2980:
2978:
2972:
2971:
2969:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2947:
2945:
2936:
2932:
2931:
2928:
2927:
2925:
2924:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2890:
2888:
2880:
2879:
2877:
2876:
2871:
2868:
2863:
2860:
2855:
2854:
2853:
2843:
2837:
2835:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2825:
2820:
2817:
2811:
2805:
2803:
2797:
2796:
2794:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2776:ADAT Lightpipe
2772:
2770:
2761:
2757:
2756:
2753:
2752:
2750:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2713:
2711:
2705:
2704:
2702:
2701:
2700:
2699:
2694:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2668:
2666:
2660:
2659:
2657:
2656:
2650:
2648:
2639:
2633:
2632:
2627:
2626:
2619:
2612:
2604:
2598:
2597:
2592:
2581:
2580:External links
2578:
2576:
2575:
2549:
2527:
2505:
2480:
2451:
2410:
2396:Cirrus Logic,
2388:
2367:
2360:
2340:
2315:
2305:. Cirrus Logic
2290:
2264:
2243:
2216:
2190:
2165:
2146:Cirrus Logic,
2138:
2109:
2095:Cirrus Logic,
2087:
2073:Cirrus Logic,
2065:
2045:
2031:Cirrus Logic,
2023:
1995:
1960:
1925:
1912:Gross, Kevin.
1901:
1863:
1849:Cirrus Logic,
1841:
1827:Cirrus Logic,
1819:
1793:
1763:
1744:
1723:
1701:
1694:
1674:
1667:
1647:
1621:
1599:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1562:
1558:§ Latency
1556: ms. See
1506:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1452:
1447:
1441:
1439:Midas Consoles
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1377:
1371:
1368:
1307:
1304:
1293:
1290:
1286:
1285:
1279:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1217:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1185:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1153:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1121:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1089:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1057:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1025:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1000:
997:
993:
992:
989:
986:
983:
980:
977:
974:
971:
968:
964:
963:
947:
931:
915:
875:
874:
871:
868:
865:
862:
859:
856:
839:
838:
835:
832:
829:
826:
823:
820:
803:
802:
799:
796:
793:
790:
787:
784:
767:
766:
763:
760:
757:
754:
751:
747:
746:
743:
737:
736:
732:
725:
653:
650:
649:
648:
622:
616:
598:
587:
584:
566:
563:
553:
552:
541:
534:
502:
499:
413:
410:
369:
366:
303:
300:
298:
295:
233:
230:
171:
170:
167:
160:
159:
153:
146:
145:
142:
138:
137:
119:
112:
111:
107:
106:
101:
94:
93:
90:
84:
83:
80:
74:
73:
69:
68:
55:
51:
50:
45:
41:
40:
36:
35:
32:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3163:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3141:Digital audio
3139:
3138:
3136:
3117:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3107:
3101:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3093:Visual charts
3091:
3088:
3084:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3016:
3012:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2997:
2995:
2991:
2985:
2982:
2981:
2979:
2973:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2948:
2946:
2940:
2937:
2933:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2891:
2889:
2887:
2881:
2875:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2852:
2849:
2848:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2838:
2836:
2834:
2830:
2824:
2821:
2818:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2806:
2804:
2798:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2773:
2771:
2765:
2762:
2758:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2714:
2712:
2706:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2689:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2669:
2667:
2661:
2655:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2643:
2640:
2634:
2625:
2620:
2618:
2613:
2611:
2606:
2605:
2602:
2596:
2593:
2589:
2584:
2583:
2566:on 2015-12-08
2565:
2561:
2560:
2553:
2539:
2538:
2531:
2517:
2516:
2509:
2490:
2484:
2470:on 2013-01-18
2469:
2465:
2461:
2455:
2448:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2417:
2415:
2401:
2400:
2392:
2377:
2371:
2363:
2357:
2353:
2352:
2344:
2329:
2325:
2319:
2304:
2303:cobranet.info
2300:
2294:
2279:
2275:
2268:
2253:
2247:
2229:
2228:
2220:
2205:
2201:
2194:
2176:
2169:
2156:on 2007-02-05
2155:
2151:
2150:
2142:
2124:
2120:
2113:
2100:
2099:
2091:
2078:
2077:
2069:
2055:
2049:
2036:
2035:
2027:
2009:
2002:
2000:
1985:on 2011-10-03
1981:
1974:
1967:
1965:
1950:on 2011-07-15
1946:
1939:
1932:
1930:
1915:
1908:
1906:
1887:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1854:
1853:
1845:
1832:
1831:
1823:
1807:
1803:
1797:
1784:on 2008-01-03
1783:
1779:
1778:
1770:
1768:
1754:
1748:
1741:on 2011-07-07
1740:
1736:
1735:
1727:
1714:
1713:
1705:
1697:
1691:
1687:
1686:
1678:
1670:
1664:
1660:
1659:
1651:
1638:on 2012-02-26
1637:
1633:
1632:
1625:
1612:
1611:
1603:
1585:
1579:
1577:
1572:
1559:
1511:
1507:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1483:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1419:Electro-Voice
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:Biamp Systems
1379:
1378:
1376:
1370:Manufacturers
1367:
1365:
1362:Many digital
1360:
1358:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1338:application.
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1303:
1300:
1289:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1273:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1090:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1001:
998:
995:
994:
990:
987:
984:
981:
978:
975:
972:
969:
966:
965:
912:
909:
906:
902:
882:
872:
869:
866:
863:
860:
857:
841:
840:
836:
833:
830:
827:
824:
821:
805:
804:
800:
797:
794:
791:
788:
785:
769:
768:
764:
761:
758:
755:
752:
749:
748:
740:
733:
730:
726:
723:
722:
721:
677:
673:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
623:
620:
617:
613:
609:
607:
602:
601:Audio packets
599:
596:
593:
592:
591:
583:
581:
576:
572:
562:
559:
549:
545:
542:
538:
535:
532:
528:
525:
524:
523:
520:
518:
513:
509:
498:
496:
491:
489:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
433:
429:
426:
423:
418:
409:
406:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
368:Disadvantages
365:
363:
359:
355:
351:
346:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
323:
320:
317:
313:
309:
294:
292:
288:
285:In May 2001,
283:
281:
277:
273:
268:
266:
262:
261:fast Ethernet
258:
253:
251:
247:
246:halftime show
243:
239:
229:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
206:
202:
200:
196:
192:
191:digital audio
189:
185:
181:
177:
168:
166:
161:
158:
154:
152:
151:sampling rate
147:
143:
139:
136:
120:
118:
113:
108:
105:
104:Fast Ethernet
102:
100:
95:
91:
89:
85:
81:
79:
75:
70:
56:
52:
49:
46:
42:
37:
33:CobraNet logo
30:
25:
20:
2857:
2686:
2568:, retrieved
2564:the original
2558:
2552:
2542:, retrieved
2540:, March 2012
2536:
2530:
2520:, retrieved
2518:, 2012-04-24
2514:
2508:
2496:. Retrieved
2483:
2472:. Retrieved
2468:the original
2454:
2445:
2438:. Retrieved
2430:
2426:
2403:, retrieved
2398:
2391:
2380:. Retrieved
2370:
2350:
2343:
2332:. Retrieved
2327:
2318:
2307:. Retrieved
2302:
2293:
2282:. Retrieved
2277:
2267:
2256:. Retrieved
2246:
2235:. Retrieved
2226:
2219:
2208:. Retrieved
2203:
2193:
2182:. Retrieved
2168:
2158:, retrieved
2154:the original
2148:
2141:
2130:. Retrieved
2123:the original
2112:
2102:, retrieved
2097:
2090:
2080:, retrieved
2075:
2068:
2057:. Retrieved
2048:
2038:, retrieved
2033:
2026:
2015:. Retrieved
1987:. Retrieved
1980:the original
1952:. Retrieved
1945:the original
1917:. Retrieved
1893:. Retrieved
1856:, retrieved
1851:
1844:
1834:, retrieved
1829:
1822:
1810:. Retrieved
1805:
1796:
1786:, retrieved
1782:the original
1776:
1747:
1739:the original
1733:
1726:
1716:, retrieved
1711:
1704:
1684:
1677:
1657:
1650:
1640:, retrieved
1636:the original
1630:
1624:
1614:, retrieved
1609:
1602:
1591:. Retrieved
1560:for details.
1510:
1458:Renkus-Heinz
1373:
1361:
1348:Loudspeakers
1346:
1340:
1309:
1299:breakout box
1295:
1287:
1281:
1275:
1270:
1262:
900:
880:
878:
731:is too high.
655:
624:
618:
608:data packets
604:
600:
595:Beat packets
594:
589:
579:
574:
570:
568:
554:
543:
536:
526:
521:
504:
492:
437:
412:Transmission
407:
387:milliseconds
371:
347:
324:
321:
305:
287:Cirrus Logic
284:
280:sample rates
274:network. An
269:
254:
235:
226:multiplexing
222:voltage drop
210:analog audio
207:
203:
184:uncompressed
175:
174:
48:Cirrus Logic
44:Manufacturer
2984:DisplayPort
2923:WheatNet-IP
2498:22 December
2440:17 December
2180:. p. 1
2173:Whirlwind.
2013:. p. 4
1812:26 December
1446:MediaMatrix
1429:Lab.gruppen
1394:Crest Audio
1320:compression
962:ms latency
946:ms latency
930:ms latency
606:isochronous
548:MAC address
472:IP protocol
339:attenuation
316:fiber optic
218:attenuation
188:low-latency
3135:Categories
3058:SMPTE 2110
3053:SMPTE 2022
2866:EtherSound
2816:(SuperMAC)
2760:Audio only
2570:2012-07-01
2544:2012-07-01
2522:2012-07-01
2474:2012-07-01
2405:2009-11-30
2382:2015-12-28
2334:2015-12-28
2309:2015-12-28
2284:2015-12-28
2258:2015-12-28
2237:2016-01-05
2210:2015-12-28
2184:2010-09-18
2160:2007-03-19
2132:2009-11-30
2104:2009-11-30
2082:2009-11-30
2059:2010-09-18
2040:2009-11-30
2017:2009-12-01
1989:2009-12-01
1954:2009-12-01
1919:2009-12-01
1895:2009-11-30
1858:2009-12-01
1836:2009-12-01
1788:2009-11-30
1718:2007-03-19
1642:2010-08-17
1616:2007-03-19
1593:2010-05-05
1568:References
1491:EtherSound
1463:Soundcraft
1342:Amplifiers
1328:crossovers
580:performers
484:100 Mbit/s
302:Advantages
99:data rates
78:Switchable
2874:SoundGrid
2819:AudioRail
2687:Obsolete:
1266:fail-safe
571:conductor
558:conductor
464:streaming
343:impedance
335:crosstalk
252:in 1997.
165:bit depth
97:Ethernet
3151:Ethernet
3109:See also
2993:Ethernet
2909:Livewire
2858:CobraNet
2833:Ethernet
2742:RTP-MIDI
2427:Funworld
1480:See also
1468:Symetrix
1292:Software
742:Latency
735:packets.
627: –
551:network.
456:switches
434:signals.
432:Ethernet
310:. Using
195:Ethernet
176:CobraNet
163:Maximum
149:Maximum
115:Minimum
88:Routable
22:CobraNet
2956:HDBaseT
2919:Ravenna
2904:NetJack
2654:HDBaseT
2637:Control
1551:⁄
1537:⁄
1523:⁄
1306:Devices
957:⁄
941:⁄
925:⁄
893:⁄
850:⁄
814:⁄
778:⁄
715:⁄
701:⁄
687:⁄
665:⁄
652:Latency
615:device.
612:samples
586:Packets
476:routers
452:bridges
428:signals
403:digital
381:⁄
327:digital
312:gigabit
232:History
169:24 bits
129:⁄
117:latency
62: (
2943:Direct
2862:dSNAKE
2791:S/PDIF
2768:Direct
2747:DetNet
2717:Modbus
2682:Modbus
2646:Direct
2358:
1759:
1692:
1665:
1444:Peavey
1434:Mackie
1229:16/16
1206:16/16
1197:28/29
1174:20/21
1165:32/32
1151:12/12
1142:24/24
1133:32/32
1119:12/13
1110:25/27
1101:32/32
1087:12/13
1078:29/29
1069:32/32
1055:14/15
1046:29/29
1037:32/32
1023:16/16
1014:32/32
1005:32/32
991:Rx/Tx
982:Rx/Tx
973:Rx/Tx
641:RS-485
637:RS-422
633:RS-232
512:20-bit
508:48 kHz
495:802.11
440:TCP/IP
422:analog
399:analog
360:, and
220:, and
3116:AES47
3086:Other
3048:HBRMT
2935:Video
2914:Q-LAN
2899:Dante
2894:AES67
2851:Milan
2841:AES51
2823:MaGIC
2814:AES50
2809:A-Net
2732:AES70
2722:ONVIF
2492:(PDF)
2231:(PDF)
2178:(PDF)
2126:(PDF)
2011:(PDF)
1983:(PDF)
1976:(PDF)
1948:(PDF)
1941:(PDF)
1889:(PDF)
1587:(PDF)
1502:Notes
1496:Dante
1454:Rane
1324:delay
1238:9/10
1183:9/11
905:Biamp
706:, or
425:audio
3068:RTMP
3023:IPTV
2961:HDMI
2870:REAC
2786:MADI
2781:AES3
2737:RTSP
2697:ZIPI
2692:mLAN
2677:MIDI
2500:2015
2442:2015
2356:ISBN
1814:2015
1690:ISBN
1663:ISBN
1542:and
1282:CM-2
1276:CM-1
1247:4/4
1215:6/7
674:and
645:MIDI
643:and
573:. A
454:and
448:hubs
401:and
276:SNMP
64:1996
57:1996
3073:NDI
3063:SRT
3043:RTP
3038:NDI
3033:MTS
3028:MMT
3005:TSN
3000:AVB
2976:Bus
2966:SDI
2951:DVI
2846:AVB
2801:Bus
2672:CEC
2664:Bus
1424:JBL
1414:EAW
1389:dbx
1312:DSP
1244:10
1235:16
1232:16
1226:16
1223:16
1212:18
1209:12
1203:32
1200:27
1194:32
1191:32
1180:24
1177:15
1171:32
1168:32
1162:32
1159:32
1148:28
1145:20
1139:32
1136:32
1130:32
1127:32
1116:32
1113:21
1107:32
1104:32
1098:32
1095:32
1084:32
1081:24
1075:32
1072:32
1066:32
1063:32
1052:32
1049:28
1043:32
1040:32
1034:32
1031:32
1020:32
1017:32
1011:32
1008:32
1002:32
999:32
988:Tx
985:Rx
979:Tx
976:Rx
970:Tx
967:Rx
855:ms
819:ms
783:ms
517:MTU
480:LAN
460:QoS
314:or
291:SoC
248:at
157:kHz
155:96
82:Yes
3137::
3015:IP
2885:IP
2709:IP
2462:.
2444:.
2433:.
2431:18
2429:.
2425:.
2413:^
2326:.
2301:.
2276:.
2202:.
1998:^
1963:^
1928:^
1904:^
1866:^
1804:.
1766:^
1575:^
1528:,
1326:,
1322:,
1318:,
1316:EQ
1241:7
1220:1
1188:2
1156:3
1124:4
1092:5
1060:6
1028:7
996:8
873:8
870:8
867:8
864:8
861:8
858:8
837:7
834:8
831:8
828:8
825:8
822:8
801:3
798:4
795:5
792:7
789:8
786:8
692:,
639:,
635:,
519:.
510:,
450:,
405:.
393:,
356:,
345:.
333:,
267:.
144:64
135:ms
92:No
2623:e
2616:t
2609:v
2502:.
2477:.
2385:.
2364:.
2337:.
2312:.
2287:.
2261:.
2240:.
2213:.
2187:.
2135:.
2062:.
2020:.
1992:.
1957:.
1922:.
1898:.
1816:.
1698:.
1671:.
1596:.
1553:3
1549:1
1546:+
1544:5
1539:3
1535:2
1532:+
1530:2
1525:3
1521:1
1518:+
1516:1
959:3
955:1
952:+
950:5
943:3
939:2
936:+
934:2
927:3
923:1
920:+
918:1
895:3
891:1
888:+
886:1
852:3
848:1
845:+
843:1
816:3
812:2
809:+
807:2
780:3
776:1
773:+
771:5
717:3
713:1
710:+
708:1
703:3
699:2
696:+
694:2
689:3
685:1
682:+
680:5
667:3
663:1
660:+
658:5
647:.
383:3
379:1
376:+
374:1
131:3
127:1
124:+
122:1
66:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
