323:
418:
some of the air to the
Primary Air (PA) Fans. There were also two large Induced Draft (ID) Fans on each unit. These drew the hot gases from the Boiler, through the Air Heater where the heat is transferred to the incoming combustion air. The gases were then exhausted up the chimney. The exhaust flow of these fans was also controlled by dampers in the ducting. Working in tandem the Draught plant ensured the boiler was always under a slight vacuum. This created a draw of combustion air into the boiler and an exhaust to the chimney. The exhaust gases could not be allowed to cool below a certain temperature, as there was a risk of the sulfur and nitrogen oxides in the flue gases condensing and forming acids which could have damaged the ID Fans.
31:
564:
315:
685:
village and industrial/business park. CDC expect the facility to attract around 200 ships per annum, bringing in around 500,000 visitors a year to
Scotland, to create around 2,000 jobs directly, with others created indirectly, and to boost demand for Scottish products. Visitors are expected to generate £100m for the Scottish economy. The servicing of the cruise ships could generate a further £10m spend on local skills and produce. The scheme was still under discussion in 2019.
1880:
632:
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505:. The Boiler Drum was a high tensile steel pressure vessel where water and steam were separated. The water here was pressurised to 170 bar and heated further to 360 °C. On the bottom of each Drum were six large bore pipes known as Downcomers. These directed the water into the boiler water pipes where it was heated by the furnace. The water was then directed back into the Drum where it flashed off into
652:(LCPD). This was an EU directive that aims to reduce acidification, ground level ozone and particulates by controlling the emissions of sulfur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen and dust from large combustion plants. To reduce emissions a Boosted Over Fire Air plant was fitted to reduce the concentration of oxides of nitrogen in the flue gas. The station closed on 15 March 2013, earlier than expected.
640:
investment was made to improve start-up times to maximise generating opportunities in the deregulated electricity generation market. This upgrading was in the form of an operating system that used gas, oil and finally coal in a three-stage modified burner control system developed by
Eurotherm Controls. From 2001, the station exported electricity to Northern Ireland via an undersea power link.
522:
of 162 bar. The exhaust steam from the HP turbine travelled back through the boiler
Reheater and entered the IP turbine at the same temperature but at a lower pressure of 43.5 bar. The exhaust steam from the IP turbine then entered the LP turbines. The steam was used to drive the turbines, causing the shaft to rotate at 3,000 rpm. This speed drove the
268:(CCGT) power station. The removal of the power station was done in stages with the twin chimneys and turbine hall being demolished in a controlled explosion on 26 September 2015, the front section of the boiler house on 4 November 2015 and the rest of the boiler house on 17 December 2015. This was the last remaining major structure to be removed.
681:"optimal" site for a port because it has little tidal movement, strong rail links and room for expansion. While ships can already dock at Leith, Rosyth and Hound Point, these locations are thought to lack the necessary infrastructure to cater for large cruise liners. As of 19 June 2013, Scottish Power was considering the cruise project.
667:
recommendations of the report of the public inquiry. Conditions imposed on the consent were made to minimise disturbance in the area during construction. These conditions would have also lessened impacts on the environment and protected species. The development would have been carbon capture ready and would have required full
659:(CCGT) power station on the site. Natural gas is a much more efficient fuel than coal and would have created less than half the carbon and nitrogen dioxide emissions compared to the old power station. If the new station had been built, it would have required a 17 km (11 mi) gas pipeline from
417:
Each unit had two large Forced Draft (FD) Fans. For efficiency these fans drew warm air from an intake at the top of the station. This combustion air was passed through the Air Heater which increased its temperature. Dampers were used to control the quantity of air admitted to the furnace and direct
666:
In 2011 planning permission to replace the coal-fired power station was approved by the
Scottish Government. The new 1,000 megawatt (MW) CCGT power station would have created up to 1,000 jobs in demolition and construction and 50 full-time positions when completed. The approval was in line with the
521:
There was one turbine and one alternator per unit. Each turbine had a High
Pressure (HP) stage, an Intermediate Pressure (IP) stage and two Low Pressure (LP) stages all connected in tandem to the same shaft. The superheated steam entered the HP turbine at a temperature of 566 °C and a pressure
684:
In May 2015 Cockenzie
Development Company Ltd (CDC) proposed a significant development for the power station site. Based around the hub of the first purpose built cruise terminal on mainland Scotland, the development could expand to incorporate a cruise terminal, retail centre, visitor centre, eco
554:
from the Firth of Forth was used as a cooling medium. Over 500,000 litres per minute of water were used for cooling. The seawater was then discharged back into the Firth of Forth. Controls ensured the discharged seawater was kept close to the temperature of the sea, to avoid creating a 'tropical'
680:
In the 1990s, leading maritime expert
Professor Alf Baird was hired by ScottishPower to investigate the case for a £30 million marine terminal to replace Cockenzie Power Station that would bring the world’s biggest cruise ship companies to the East Lothian community. Cockenzie was said to be the
639:
From 1991 to 2013, the station was operated by the privatised
Scottish Power utility group. It surpassed its originally intended lifespan. It was run as a 'marginal station', guaranteeing seasonal and peak supply and covering non-availability of other power stations. For this reason considerable
404:
per unit which ground down the raw coal until it had the consistency of sand. The ground coal is called 'pulverised fuel' (PF). PF burns more efficiently than large lumps of coal, which reduces waste. The PF was then blown into the furnace along with preheated air by six large
388:, and the main station. The coal, known as 'raw coal' at this stage was weighed, sampled and screened for metal and stones before being transported to the main station and stored in bunkers. Coal was transported from the coal plant to storage bunkers in the main station by a
292:
on 21 September 1745. Much of the electrical equipment for the station was manufactured by Bruce
Peebles & Co., Edinburgh. SSEB set aside £60 million for the station's construction; the final cost was £54 million, around £6 million under budget.
367:. Russian coal was used latterly as it has a low sulfur content which helped reduce sulfur oxide (SOx) emissions to the atmosphere. The power station was the first to use the "merry-go-round" system of coal deliveries by
455:
which weakens the walls of the boiler pipes and can cause them to fracture and burst, known as a boiler tube leak. A serious tube leak can lead to reduced generation or loss of the unit until repairs are carried out.
379:
Coal was delivered to the station's coal plant, which has the capacity to hold up to 900,000 tonnes of coal on a storage bing. The coal plant and storage bing were situated on the opposite side of B1348 road between
1434:
450:
deposits on the boiler pipes which acts as an insulator, reducing heat transfer from the furnace to the water inside. This reduces the efficiency of the station and leads to increased running costs. Salt encourages
671:
technology if it was commercially and technically proven. A separate application for a 17 km (11 mi) pipeline from the existing gas network at East Fortune to the new power station was also approved.
311:
The power station occupied a 24-hectare (59-acre) site. It generated electricity at a frequency of 50 hertz using four identical 300-megawatt (MW) generating units, for a peak supply of 1200 MW.
839:
245:. The station dominated the local coastline with its distinctive twin chimneys from 1967 until the chimneys' demolition in September 2015. Initially operated by the nationalised
1953:
997:
924:
615:. The electricity was distributed to Scotland, and England too, which it is connected to via a double circuit overhead line, operating at 275 kV and 400 kV, to
1689:
1704:
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was added and used as a reducing agent to remove excess oxygen from the water. Free oxygen atoms in the water also encourage rust to form inside the boiler pipes.
281:
485:
on each unit which gradually increased the pressure and temperature of the water, until it reached a final feed temperature of around 210 °C. A steam driven
1739:
1643:
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The station's water treatment plant further demineralised the town’s water and removed any impurities. Although safe to drink water still contains dissolved
1948:
1684:
1663:
1694:
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1918:
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The station began generating electricity in 1967 for the then South of Scotland Electricity Board (SSEB). It was officially opened on 24 May 1968 by
1943:
513:
was then piped to the high-pressure turbine, back to the boiler for reheat, and then back to the intermediate and low-pressure turbines in series.
1928:
68:
1140:
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report named Cockenzie as the UK's least carbon-efficient power station, in terms of carbon dioxide released per unit of energy generated.
1938:
1923:
843:
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was also produced by the station. Ash from the station was sold through the ScotAsh company, a joint venture between Scottish Power and
1958:
1359:
1007:
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The electricity was initially generated at 17 kV. This was stepped up via a transformer to 275 kV for distribution on the
1933:
1628:
194:
1303:
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The water used in the station's boilers was taken from the local water supply, known as 'towns water'. This is the same as the
895:
509:. The steam was then further heated by passing through Primary and Secondary Superheaters until it reached 565 °C. The
1399:
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246:
137:
1816:
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371:. This system uses hopper wagons which carry around 914 tonnes of coal per train. Coal was also delivered by lorries.
1810:
1499:
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322:
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power station ceased generating energy on 15 March 2013 around 8.30am. There are plans to replace the station with a
896:"The power of love: Demolition of Cockenzie power station won't crush the love of couple who met there 27 years ago"
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The demineralised water was then stored in large tanks inside the main station, ready to be used in the boilers.
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Cockenzie Power Station was the largest coal-fired power station in Great Britain when it opened in 1967.
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925:"End of an era for COCKENZIE POWER STATION – 45 years of electricity generation comes to a close"
778:
226:
1733:
409:
called Primary Air (PA) Fans. At full load each unit burned around 100 tonnes of coal per hour.
1833:
1638:
1389:
1197:
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used to supply households. This water was used as it had already been screened and purified by
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was also added to 'scour' the inside of the boiler tubes and remove any silica particles.
8:
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1839:
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176:
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510:
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351:, but these have since been exhausted or closed. Subsequently coal was supplied from
1318:
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482:
463:
280:, construction of Cockenzie power station began in 1959 on the site of the former
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After use, the steam was condensed back into water, by passing it through the
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83:
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The burning of coal in power stations generates ash and dust. The station's
1567:
1002:
660:
308:, supplying 3,563 GWh of electricity and burning 1,500,000 tonnes of coal.
230:
481:
was introduced to the boiler it was heated up in stages. There were seven
1653:
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596:
595:. Any remaining ash was piped to the large lagoons in the nearby town of
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1056:"Row over cruise port study for former Cockenzie Power Station site"
1804:
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1031:"Plans for a giant tower and cruise terminal at Cockenzie unveiled"
817:
587:. It was used in the construction industry and in products such as
551:
360:
261:
1328:
1272:
1109:- Lighting of the Chimneys during the Three Harbour Arts Festival
1092:
579:
from the flue gases, preventing it from entering the atmosphere.
576:
447:
1479:
1156:
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253:
following the privatisation of the industry in 1991. In 2005 a
588:
840:"Cockenzie Power Station shuts down marking 'end of an era'"
648:
The coal-fired power station was forced to close due to the
284:. The site is also thought to have been the hiding place of
808:"Hazelwood tops international list of dirty power stations"
535:
530:
of 50 cycles per second (Hz) and allowed connection to the
452:
356:
340:
164:
343:
was originally supplied to the station directly from the
241:, 8 mi (13 km) east of the Scottish capital of
1954:
Former coal-fired power stations in the United Kingdom
233:, Scotland. It was situated on the south shore of the
35:
Cockenzie Power Station (after clearance) from the air
1115:- Steeplejacks on the station's chimneys in July 1997
1074:
998:"Cockenzie cruise ship port 'would be Forth magnet'"
869:"BBC News - Cockenzie coal-fired power plant closes"
276:Under a design by the firm of celebrated architect
1695:Lerwick District Heating and Energy Recovery Plant
599:, where it was capped and planted, and used as a
1910:
655:Scottish Power had considered construction of a
626:
326:Cockenzie Power Station construction site (1965)
734:"Details of Cockenzie Power Station demolition"
555:environment and upsetting the local ecosystem.
1134:
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728:
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1949:Buildings and structures demolished in 2015
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489:(MBFP) pumped the water through the boiler
304:. In 2000-01, Cockenzie generated a record
16:Former coal-fired power station in Scotland
1141:
1127:
723:
437:
1919:Buildings and structures in East Lothian
1629:European Offshore Wind Deployment Centre
1258:Scottish Government (Energy Directorate)
752:
700:
698:
630:
562:
446:(sand) and salt. Silica particles leave
321:
313:
1944:Energy infrastructure completed in 1967
805:
675:
195:Related media on Commons
1911:
1304:North of Scotland Hydro-Electric Board
995:
558:
374:
1929:Coal-fired power stations in Scotland
1122:
863:
861:
695:
1891:
1352:
919:
917:
472:
288:after the defeat of his army at the
1866:Sustainable development in Scotland
1324:South of Scotland Electricity Board
643:
247:South of Scotland Electricity Board
138:South of Scotland Electricity Board
13:
1939:2013 disestablishments in Scotland
1924:Biofuel power stations in Scotland
858:
534:. Electricity was generated at 17
335:
14:
1970:
1959:Former power stations in Scotland
1070:
914:
806:Stevens, Charlie (13 July 2005).
1890:
1879:
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1150:
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1077:
650:Large Combustion Plant Directive
412:
395:
156:Thermal power station
29:
1934:1967 establishments in Scotland
1048:
1022:
989:
957:
842:. 15 March 2013. Archived from
302:Secretary of State for Scotland
1029:Marie Sharpe (16 April 2015).
996:McCann, David (17 June 2013).
943:
888:
832:
799:
635:Demolition of chimneys in 2015
501:The boilers were conventional
1:
1248:Office for Nuclear Regulation
1233:European Marine Energy Centre
688:
627:Post-privatisation and future
330:
1172:Energy in the United Kingdom
541:
421:
7:
573:electrostatic precipitators
567:The ash dump at Musselburgh
10:
1975:
669:carbon capture and storage
663:, to supply it with fuel.
657:Combined Cycle Gas Turbine
516:
493:and into the boiler Drum.
271:
266:Combined Cycle Gas Turbine
1874:
1861:Energy policy of Scotland
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1223:Community Energy Scotland
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779:"Cockenzie Power Station"
706:"Cockenzie Power Station"
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607:Electricity distribution
386:Cockenzie and Port Seton
239:Cockenzie and Port Seton
227:coal-fired power station
1314:Scottish Hydro Electric
223:Cockenzie power station
177:Nameplate capacity
108:Construction began
24:Cockenzie power station
710:www.johngraycentre.org
636:
568:
438:Demineralisation plant
327:
319:
282:Preston Links Colliery
126:Decommission date
1470:Moriston (Great Glen)
954:. March 1965. p. 172.
634:
566:
487:Main Boiler Feed Pump
325:
317:
290:Battle of Prestonpans
249:, it was operated by
171:Power generation
1435:Kinlochewe-Talladale
1060:East Lothian Courier
1035:East Lothian Courier
676:Cruise ship terminal
349:Midlothian Coalfield
347:of the neighbouring
117:Commission date
84:55.96833°N 2.97167°W
902:. 25 September 2015
621:Newcastle upon Tyne
559:Ash removal and use
375:Coal handling plant
237:, near the town of
186:External links
80: /
1685:Dundee Incinerator
1405:Garry (Great Glen)
1309:Pelamis Wave Power
820:on 13 October 2008
740:. 4 September 2015
637:
569:
503:water-tube boilers
328:
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278:Sir Robert Matthew
89:55.96833; -2.97167
1906:
1905:
1849:
1848:
1713:
1712:
1337:
1336:
511:superheated steam
483:feedwater heaters
473:Feedheating plant
402:pulverising mills
355:in the Lothians,
286:General John Cope
220:
219:
161:Primary fuel
1966:
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1319:Scottish Nuclear
1294:Aquamarine Power
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1062:. 25 March 2019.
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1006:. Archived from
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973:. Archived from
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951:Railway Magazine
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846:on 18 March 2013
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816:. Archived from
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644:CCGT replacement
464:Sodium hydroxide
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204:edit on Wikidata
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931:. 15 March 2013
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400:There were six
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977:on 8 June 2009
970:Scottish Power
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786:Scottish Power
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428:drinking water
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413:Draught plant
410:
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396:Milling plant
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181:1,200 MW
180:
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129:15 March 2013
128:
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27:
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19:
1896:
1884:
1817:Hunterston B
1799:Hunterston A
1775:
1639:Hadyard Hill
1568:Islay LIMPET
1343:Active power
1253:Scottish Gas
1059:
1050:
1038:. Retrieved
1034:
1024:
1012:. Retrieved
1008:the original
1003:The Scotsman
1001:
991:
979:. Retrieved
975:the original
968:
959:
949:
945:
933:. Retrieved
928:
904:. Retrieved
900:Daily Record
899:
890:
878:. Retrieved
872:
848:. Retrieved
844:the original
834:
822:. Retrieved
818:the original
811:
801:
789:. Retrieved
785:
742:. Retrieved
737:
713:. Retrieved
709:
683:
679:
665:
661:East Fortune
654:
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570:
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468:
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378:
339:
310:
298:William Ross
295:
275:
259:
231:East Lothian
222:
221:
149:
141:
18:
1827:Oil and gas
1811:Chapelcross
1718:Deactivated
1654:Kilgallioch
1624:Crystal Rig
1619:Cruach Mhòr
1535:Oil and gas
1500:Storr Lochs
1425:Kerry Falls
1375:Breadalbane
597:Musselburgh
585:Blue Circle
526:and gave a
477:Before the
382:Prestonpans
365:Lanarkshire
306:load factor
150:(1991–2013)
142:(1967–1991)
134:Operator(s)
87: /
63:Coordinates
1913:Categories
1764:Kincardine
1746:Portobello
1690:Greengairs
1659:Pates Hill
1430:Kilmelfort
1380:Chliostair
1228:EDF Energy
1198:Wind power
965:"Overview"
935:13 October
906:13 October
874:BBC Online
824:6 February
791:6 February
744:13 October
715:13 October
689:References
581:Bottom ash
524:alternator
491:Economiser
345:deep mines
331:Operations
260:The 1,200
103:Demolished
72:55°58′06″N
1782:Longannet
1776:Cockenzie
1705:Westfield
1644:Hare Hill
1604:Black Law
1589:Arecleoch
1584:Ardrossan
1552:Stornoway
1547:Peterhead
1450:Loch Gair
1445:Loch Dubh
981:2 October
575:captured
548:condenser
542:Condenser
536:kilovolts
528:frequency
479:feedwater
460:Hydrazine
422:Water use
243:Edinburgh
75:2°58′18″W
57:Cockenzie
1885:Category
1834:Inverkip
1805:Dounreay
1758:Braehead
1734:Pinkston
1720:stations
1669:Whitelee
1664:Seagreen
1594:Beatrice
1455:Lochaber
1400:Galloway
1390:Cruachan
1345:stations
1161:Scotland
1040:16 April
880:15 March
850:15 March
738:BBC News
552:Seawater
361:Ayrshire
262:megawatt
214:NT394754
53:Location
48:Scotland
1897:Commons
1792:Nuclear
1760:(1980s)
1754:(1980s)
1736:(1960s)
1542:Lerwick
1526:Torness
1519:Nuclear
1505:Striven
1475:Mucomir
1415:Glendoe
1329:Wavegen
1287:Defunct
1216:Current
1181:Sectors
1113:YouTube
1107:YouTube
1014:19 June
577:fly ash
517:Turbine
272:History
191:Commons
45:Country
1842:(2011)
1836:(1988)
1819:(2022)
1813:(2004)
1807:(1994)
1801:(1990)
1784:(2016)
1778:(2013)
1772:(2000)
1770:Methil
1766:(1997)
1752:Barony
1748:(1977)
1742:(1976)
1649:Hywind
1510:Tummel
1440:Lanark
1395:Foyers
1157:Energy
617:Stella
593:cement
538:(kV).
497:Boiler
444:silica
225:was a
100:Status
1854:Other
1740:Yoker
1678:Other
1614:Clyde
1490:Shira
1465:Morar
1460:Lussa
1420:Inver
1410:Gisla
1385:Conon
1365:Arran
1353:Hydro
1238:FREDS
782:(PDF)
619:near
589:grout
448:scale
202:[
1840:Fife
1727:Coal
1634:Farr
1577:Wind
1561:Wave
1495:Sloy
1485:Shin
1042:2015
1016:2013
983:2009
937:2020
908:2020
882:2013
852:2013
826:2011
793:2011
746:2020
717:2020
591:and
453:rust
384:and
369:rail
363:and
357:Fife
341:Coal
165:Coal
121:1967
111:1959
1370:Awe
1273:SSE
1268:SGN
1159:in
813:WWF
255:WWF
229:in
1915::
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206:]
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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