2388:"Franco Moretti et John Neubauer, historiens de la littérature, ont tous deux insisté sur le rôle fondamental qu'a joué le roman, depuis la fin du XVIIIe siècle jusqu'à la Première Guerre mondiale, dans la construction des âges de la vie, de l'adolescence et la jeunesse. Si, avant cette période, les jeunes sont les laissés-pour-compte de la littérature romanesque, cette entrée tardive est compensée par la place centrale qu'ils occupent dans le roman de formation. Vers la fin du XIXe siècle, quand ce genre entre en crise, les jeunes sont remplacés par les adolescents, nouveaux protagonistes des œuvres de fiction. Après les écrits de Jean-Jacques Rousseau, le roman de formation, ou Bildungsroman, dont l'apogée se situe entre Les années d'apprentissage de Wilhelm Meister de Goethe (1795–1796) et l'Éducation sentimentale de Flaubert (1869), invente la figure littéraire du jeune homme voyageur. C'est à partir donc de cette période qu'il faudra retrouver certains traits des voyages fictionnels, que j'appelle matrices , qui hantent encore notre imaginaire, et que l'on retrouve dans les séjours Erasmus contemporains" (Cicchelli Vincenzo,
44:
4619:
837:
4607:
4631:
2718:
Moretti's articulation of the
Bildungsroman as the "'symbolic form' of modernity" (5). Read from an ecocultural perspective, this philosophical Bildungsroman suggests the limitations of Dialectic 's conceptions of the Enlightenment and the subject with a model, albeit a modest one, for interaction with the world outside of rationalism's logic of domination.
1024:
often features a main conflict between the main character and society. Typically, the values of society are gradually accepted by the protagonist and they are ultimately accepted into society—the protagonist's mistakes and disappointments are over. In some works, the protagonist is able to reach out and help others after having achieved maturity.
2717:
Candide exhibits several of the traits of the "traditional" or
Germanic Bildungsroman, particularly the depiction of the development of an individual through travel. As a catalogue of the horrors of the modern world, Candide — perhaps more than any of the other texts examined in this book—lives up to
3301:
In her introduction to the 1986 Virago edition, Holly Eley calls it "primarily a love story" and also "an account of a strong, intelligent (though uneducated) woman's steps towards self-fulfilment" (Hurston vii). In generic terms, this latter definition would make
Hurston's novel a Bildungsroman, a
1023:
or youngest child going out in the world to seek their fortune. Usually in the beginning of the story, there is an emotional loss which makes the protagonist leave on their journey. In a bildungsroman, the goal is maturity, and the protagonist achieves it gradually and with difficulty. The genre
2032:
Engel explains that the term has in recent years been applied to very different novels but originally meant a novel of formation of a character, of an individual personality on interaction (including conflict) with society. He also points out that it was, like the "novel of education"
1003:' development. At the beginning Achilles is still a rash youth, making rash decisions which cost dearly to himself and all around him. (...) The story reaches its conclusion when Achilles has reached maturity and allows King Priam to recover Hector's body".
1018:
A bildungsroman is a growing up or "coming of age" of a generally naive person who goes in search of answers to life's questions with the expectation that these will result in gaining experience of the world. The genre evolved from folklore tales of a
2052:" Avec ce roman d'apprentissage, Philip Roth poursuit son analyse de l'histoire de l'Amérique – celle des années cinquante, des tabous et des frustrations sexuelles – et de son impact sur la vie d'un homme jeune, isolé, vulnérable"
3781:
1077:("artist novel") is about the development of an artist and shows a growth of the self. Furthermore, some memoirs and published journals can be regarded as bildungsroman although claiming to be predominantly factual (e.g.
4119:
3728:
3662:[Anna-Leena Härkönen was a teenager when she wrote 'How to Kill a Bull', but she still managed to make people shock – the sex scenes even put her own grandmother to shame!].
4590:
4062:
2934:
4224:
Engel, Manfred (2008), "Variants of the
Romantic 'Bildungsroman' (with a Short Note on the 'Artist Novel')", in Gerald Gillespie; Manfred Engel; Bernard Dieterle (eds.),
4109:
3636:
2538:
2486:
990:(1833–34), the first English bildungsroman, inspired many British novelists. In the 20th century, it spread to France and several other countries around the globe.
2744:
3289:
3353:
2326:
953:, who legitimized it in 1870 and popularized it in 1905. The genre is further characterized by a number of formal, topical, and thematic features. The term
4143:
3210:
1204:
3660:"Anna-Leena Härkönen oli teini kirjoittaessaan Häräntappoaseen, mutta onnistui silti kohauttamaan – seksikohtaukset saivat jopa oman mummon häpeämään"
3718:
4020:
3857:
2826:
3184:
3605:
4398:
3377:
4589:
project featuring user-submitted articles on genre exemplars and contemporary personal narratives, edited by
English literature professor
4187:
Bakhtin, Mikhail (1996), "The
Bildungsroman and its Significance in the History of Realism", in Emerson, Caryl; Holquist, Michael (eds.),
3988:
3139:
2392:
4299:
4051:
999:
might be the first
Bildungsroman. It is not just "the story of the Trojan War. The Trojan War is in effect the backdrop for the story of
3451:
4465:
Stević, Aleksandar; Prendergast, Christopher (2017), "Realism, the
Bildungsroman, and the Art of Self-Invention: Stendhal and Balzac",
3566:
3897:
980:
of 1767. Although the bildungsroman arose in
Germany, it has had extensive influence first in Europe and later throughout the world.
2871:
2930:
1496:
3695:
2267:"Tailoring the Bildungsroman within a Philosophical Treatise: Sartor Resartus and the Origins of the English Novel of Formation"
4228:, A Comparative History of Literatures in European Languages, vol. XXIII, Philadelphia: John Benjamins, pp. 263–295,
3751:
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2483:
2346:
Slaughter, J. R. (2006). "Novel
Subjects and Enabling Fictions: the Formal Articulation of International Human Rights Law",
2236:
3924:
3319:
3046:
2621:
McCracken, David (2016). "A Burkean Analysis of the Sublimity and the Beauty of the Phallus in John Cleland's Fanny Hill".
1106:
865:
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615:
17:
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1164:
516:
4582:
3206:
4340:
Karafilis, Maria (1998), "Crossing the Borders of Genre: Revisions of the Bindungsroman in Sandra Cisneros's
4276:
2508:
1247:
1089:
2301:
1558:
1551:
2689:, are examples of coming-of-age narratives that predate the generic expectations of the German tradition.
1097:). The term is also more loosely used to describe coming-of-age films and related works in other genres.
1056:
3136:"Martin Eden Summary – Jack London – Masterplots II: American Fiction Series, Revised Edition"
4597:
4546:
Revised edition, with bibliographic updates by Charles Bane and Sean M. Flory (Scarecrow Press, 2006).
4010:
1063:
There are many variations and subgenres of bildungsroman that focus on the growth of an individual. An
967:
957:
is sometimes used interchangeably with bildungsroman, but its use is usually wider and less technical.
756:
741:
655:
4666:
3868:
4313:
Growing up Ethnic: Nationalism and the Bildungsroman in African-American and Jewish-American Fiction
4661:
4114:
2906:
2822:
2739:
2119:
1731:
1606:
1221:
971:
904:
891:
858:
323:
4455:
Otano, Alicia (2005), "Speaking the Past: Child Perspective in the Asian American Bildungsroman",
3180:
4651:
4526:
3593:
2544:(in Spanish). Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (Spain). 2004. p. 1. Archived from
1906:
1877:
1545:
795:
766:
761:
226:
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3135:
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2389:
1762:
1671:
1654:
1570:
1233:
805:
247:
3099:
2457:
3476:(July–December 1999). "History and Masculinity in Brian Moore's 'The Emperor of Ice-Cream'".
3433:
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1973:
1774:
1690:
1642:
1520:
1381:
1259:
771:
736:
720:
691:
196:
4557:
Slaughter, Joseph R. (2011). "Bildungsroman/Künstlerroman". In Logan, Peter Melville (ed.).
2898:
1889:
4656:
3723:
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3258:
1702:
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378:
43:
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3169:(17). Colchester, UK: The British Comparative Literature Association, University of Essex.
8:
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2006:
1925:
1822:
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1134:
851:
710:
418:
338:
313:
217:
4406:
4255:
The Female Bildungsroman by Toni Morrison and Maxine Hong Kingston: A Postmodern Reading
3290:"Minglings: Form, Style, and Theme in Zora Neale Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God"
1288:
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4377:
Komm, Katrin (1997), "Entwicklungsroman", in Friederike Eigler; Susanne Kord (eds.),
4326:
4229:
4202:
4192:
4052:"David Goldie, "Modern Scottish Fiction: Telling Stories in Order to Live". See also
3761:
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3020:
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2050:
Back of the French translation in the "Folio" collection (éditions Gallimard, 2010):
1949:
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1321:
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841:
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1067:("development novel") is a story of general growth rather than self-cultivation. An
4635:
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358:
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Unsettling the Bildungsroman: Reading Contemporary Ethnic American Women's Fiction
3659:
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2973:
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2000:
1073:
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Radical Representations: Politics and Form in U.S. Proletarian Fiction, 1929–1941
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3071:
Martin Coyle; et al., eds. (1990). "Formalism and the Novel: Henry James".
3035:
2324:"The Novel of Formation as Genre: Between Great Expectations and Lost Illusions"
2012:
1300:
1153:(first edition 1651). Usually considered the pioneering work in its modern form.
920:), in which character change is important. The term comes from the German words
4432:
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1954:
1882:
1611:
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3473:
2412:
Lazzaro-Weis, Carol. "The Female 'Bildungsroman': Calling It into Question",
1942:
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368:
343:
328:
267:
4447:
The Liminal Novel: Studies in the Francophone-African Novel as Bildungsroman
3088:"Unseasonable Youth: Modernism, Colonialism, and the Fiction of Development"
4504:
3664:
2506:
1978:
1786:
1695:
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1659:
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with its overvaluation of youth and progress as it clashes with the static
535:
460:
262:
162:
150:
4245:
Unseasonable Youth: Modernism, Colonialism, and the Fiction of Development
2587:
2348:
Human Rights, Inc.: The World Novel, Narrative Form, and International Law
1966:
1930:
1635:
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122:
112:
85:
3497:
2783:
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2441:
4369:
3858:"Reading Persepolis: Defining and Redefining Culture, Gender and Genre"
2421:
2234:
Appearing to Diminish: Female Development and the British Bildungsroman
1918:
1647:
1410:
1126:
960:
The birth of the bildungsroman is normally dated to the publication of
672:
594:
450:
428:
70:
35:
4110:"Washington Black is a slave story told with a fresh sense of urgency"
3432:
Peters-Little, Frances; Curthoys, Ann; Docker, John (September 2010).
2571:
2169:
1071:("education novel") focuses on training and formal schooling, while a
3489:
2514:
1283:
1035:
943:
815:
212:
117:
75:
4561:. Vol. 1. Oxford; Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 93–97.
4361:
2873:
Victorian Fiction as a Bildungsroman: Its Flourishing and Complexity
2266:
2854:
2852:
2850:
2848:
2846:
2844:
2703:
Ecocriticism and the Idea of Culture: Biology and the Bildungsroman
1264:
1197:
1000:
705:
645:
435:
80:
60:
4606:
4257:, Modern American Literature: New Approaches, New York: Peter Lang
4144:"Boy Swallows Universe review: Netflix's adaptation is incredible"
1006:
The genre translates fairly directly into the cinematic form, the
1993:
1192:
923:
677:
554:
440:
423:
304:
272:
257:
242:
100:
3513:"The Technomyth in Transition: Reading American Popular Culture"
2841:
4630:
2141:
1810:
1508:
1043:
1042:
vision of happiness and reconciliation found in the endings of
949:
in his university lectures, and was later famously reprised by
667:
640:
589:
584:
559:
544:
157:
129:
90:
2931:"The Bildungsroman in Nineteenth-Century Literature Criticism"
2507:
Palmer, Joy; Liora Bresler; David Edward Cooper, eds. (2001).
2377:
Proceedings of the Fifth Annual Roundtable on Classical Greece
2802:
1020:
995:
564:
549:
445:
222:
174:
145:
65:
984:'s English translation of Goethe's novel (1824) and his own
4437:
The Way of the World: The Bildungsroman in European Culture
4323:
Apprenticeships: The Bildungsroman from Goethe to Santayana
3438:
Passionate Histories: Myth, Memory and Indigenous Australia
3431:
2484:
The Motorcycle Diaries by Che Guevara–HSC English Discovery
2302:
The Way of the World: the Bildungsroman in European Culture
569:
95:
2768:"Il Bildungsroman di Renzo: Una Nota Sui "Promessi Sposi""
2510:
Fifty major thinkers on education: from Confucius to Dewey
2390:"Les legs du voyage de formation à la Bildung cosmopolite"
2212:
Season of Youth: The Bildungsroman from Dickens to Golding
2131:
2129:
912:
that focuses on the psychological and moral growth of the
4191:, Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, pp. 10–59,
2434:
Faculty Development, or Faculty Life as a "Bildungsroman"
2337:
Vol. 12 (Fall 1979), pp. 293–311, University of Oklahoma.
579:
3753:
My Words Echo Thus: Possessing the Past in Peter Ackroyd
2403:, 2010/2 (n° 38), pp. 57–70. DOI: 10.3917/tele.038.0057.
3921:"Katherine C. (Berwyn, PA)'s review of The Kite Runner"
3346:"The Nobel Prize in Literature 2007 – Bio-bibliography"
2459:
The Facts on File companion to the American short story
2375:
Whitman, Barbara C. "The Iliad as a Bildungsroman". In
2126:
3036:"Dostoevsky and the Novel of Adultery: The Adolescent"
2193:
2191:
1224:(1767)—often considered the first "true" bildungsroman
4595:
4054:
The Cambridge Companion to British Fiction Since 1945
3181:"Sons and Lovers Lawrence's novel as a Bildungsroman"
2379:(eds. Victor Kromberg and Amalia Stanton, pp. 71, 73.
2654:
2652:
2350:, Ch. 2 (2007), New York: Fordham University Press,
2176:
2080:
4474:
4389:
Ten is the Age of Darkness: The Black Bildungsroman
4292:
Change and Continuity: The Bildungsroman in English
3260:
Realism and Reality: The Novel and Society in India
2188:
2162:
Change and Continuity; The bildungsroman in English
2147:
2092:
1205:
The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman
4350:Journal of the Midwest Modern Language Association
4169:
4142:
4088:"The Neapolitan Novels Boxed Set - Elena Ferrante"
4011:"Wonder Year (Black Swan Green by David Mitchell)"
3719:"Norwegian Wood: On Having a Girl, and Losing Her"
3398:
2999:: Little Women and the collective Bildungsroman".
2905:. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. p.
2451:
2449:
2201:. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1978. 38.
1107:List of coming-of-age stories § In literature
4533:. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press. pp. 18–19.
4464:
2858:
2808:
2649:
2455:
4643:
4457:Contributions to Asian American Literary Studies
4424:The German Bildungsroman: Incest and Inheritance
3231:
2068:
4379:The Feminist Encyclopaedia of German Literature
4140:
3918:
3855:
3782:"Bildungsroman Novels: Definition and Examples"
3564:
2446:
4531:A Primer of the Novel: For Readers and Writers
4478:New Perspectives on the European Bildungsroman
4475:Summerfield, Giovanna; Downward, Lisa (2010),
4469:, Princeton University Press, pp. 414–435
4444:
4181:, Hanover, NH: University Press of New England
3560:
3558:
3472:
3160:
2772:Italianistica: Rivista di letteratura italiana
2729:
2199:The German Bildungsroman from Wieland to Hesse
4283:, translated by T. M. Knox, Oxford: Clarendon
4179:The Voyage In: Fictions of Female Development
3565:Melanie Kinchen; et al. (13 July 2006).
3322:. The Top 13. 9 December 2009. Archived from
2037:), a subgenre of the "novel of development" (
1543:
1306:
1142:
1132:
859:
4281:Aesthetics: Lectures on Fine Art, Volume One
3827:"Naruto is the quintessential Bildungsroman"
3299:: 92–106 – via The Knowledge Library.
3075:. New York: Routledge Florence. p. 593.
3070:
2662:Margaret Atwood and the Female Bildungsroman
2299:Moretti, Franco, and Albert Sbragia (1987),
1215:
1118:
975:
929:
921:
4511:(8th ed.). Boston: Thomson Wadsworth.
4399:"Glossary of Literary and Rhetorical Terms"
3794:
3594:"Ursula LeGuin's Magical World of Earthsea"
3555:
2995:Trumpener, Katie (2020). "Actors, puppets,
2735:"Wrong Move: Utter Detachment, Utter Truth"
2416:, Vol. 2, No. 1 (Winter, 1990), pp. 16–34.
928:("education", alternatively "forming") and
3939:
3314:
3312:
3310:
2658:
2572:"Fanny Hill and the Legibility of Consent"
866:
852:
4556:
4339:
3976:
3716:
3688:"Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit: Context"
3626:
3396:
3256:
3085:
2994:
2956:Taft, Matthew (2020). "The work of love:
2620:
2260:
2258:
3894:"Secret Life of Bees-Character Analysis"
3510:
3234:This side of paradise as a Bildungsroman
3073:Encyclopedia of Literature and Criticism
2687:The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy
2172:– via Munin open research archive.
4431:
4426:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
4386:
4320:
4288:
4186:
3567:"Bildungsroman Novels for Young Adults"
3307:
3287:
3161:Nash, Geoffrey (1994). "Ameen Rihani's
3100:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195305746.013.0030
3094:. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
2876:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. 2019.
2778:(3: September/December 1999): 421–425.
2765:
2723:
2182:
2159:
2098:
2086:
1497:A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man
14:
4644:
4525:
4503:
4421:
4310:
4213:
4107:
3434:"Epistemological vertigo and allegory"
2820:
2569:
2462:. Vol. 2. Infobase. p. 387.
2364:10.5422/fordham/9780823228171.001.0001
2264:
2255:
2112:"Bildungsroman: German literary genre"
1030:"argues that the main conflict in the
4467:A History of Modern French Literature
4454:
4396:
4275:
4262:
4223:
3945:
3749:
3657:
3478:The Canadian Journal of Irish Studies
3466:
3356:from the original on 24 February 2016
2896:
2829:from the original on 10 November 2013
2790:from the original on 15 November 2022
2700:
2245:, London: Bucknell University Press,
2135:
2074:
1181:The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling
903:
890:
4405:, Rutgers University, archived from
4376:
4252:
4242:
4023:from the original on 2 February 2017
3927:from the original on 6 November 2012
3658:Kolsi, Eeva-Kaarina (29 June 2020).
3639:from the original on 8 February 2013
3375:"George Lamming, West Indian author"
3213:from the original on 28 October 2021
2955:
2602:from the original on 23 January 2022
4445:Nyatetu-Waigwa, Wangari wa (1996),
4305:from the original on 9 October 2022
4270:, Durham, NC: Duke University Press
4253:Feng, Pin-chia Kingston A. (1997),
4189:Speech Genres and Other Late Essays
4134:
4122:from the original on 9 October 2018
3797:"An Interview with Stephen Chbosky"
3591:
3263:. Oxford University Press. p.
3142:from the original on 3 October 2012
24:
4497:
4141:Kylie Northover (9 January 2024).
4068:from the original on 27 March 2023
3958:from the original on 20 March 2018
3946:Kurth, Peter (12 September 2003).
3856:Tara Ann Carter (6 October 2013).
3758:University of South Carolina Press
3717:Rosenberg, Alyssa (30 July 2010).
3608:from the original on 16 April 2011
3454:from the original on 26 April 2023
3302:story of (self-)education by life.
3165:and the Voice of Thomas Carlyle".
2665:. Ashgate Publishing. p. 14.
2281:from the original on 26 April 2023
1406:The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
25:
4678:
4576:
3991:from the original on 2 April 2015
3979:"Indecision: Getting It Together"
3977:Mcinerney, Jay (28 August 2005).
3731:from the original on 13 June 2017
3320:"The Top 13 Coming-of-Age Novels"
3297:Critical Approaches to Literature
3187:from the original on 27 July 2010
3033:
2747:from the original on 24 June 2016
4629:
4617:
4605:
4289:Iversen, Anniken Telnes (2009),
4218:, Amsterdam and New York: Rodopi
3919:Khaled Hosseini (4 March 1965).
3837:from the original on 8 June 2020
3288:Tredell, Nicolas (1 July 2017).
3116:from the original on 13 May 2023
3052:from the original on 9 July 2021
2960:and the English Bildungsroman".
2937:from the original on 10 May 2011
2436:, Profession (1979), pp. 46–50.
2160:Iversen, Annikin Teines (2010).
1229:Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship
963:Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship
835:
42:
4481:, London; New York: Continuum,
4311:Japtok, Martin Michael (2005),
4162:
4108:Sholes, Lucy (18 August 2018).
4101:
4080:
4044:
4035:
4003:
3970:
3912:
3900:from the original on 3 May 2011
3886:
3849:
3819:
3788:
3774:
3743:
3710:
3698:from the original on 3 May 2011
3680:
3651:
3620:
3585:
3504:
3425:
3390:
3368:
3338:
3281:
3250:
3225:
3199:
3173:
3154:
3128:
3079:
3064:
3027:
2988:
2949:
2923:
2890:
2864:
2814:
2759:
2694:
2614:
2563:
2531:
2500:
2476:
2426:
2406:
2382:
2369:
2340:
2316:
2293:
2265:Golban, Petru (December 2013).
2225:
2204:
2148:Summerfield & Downward 2010
2118:. 22 April 2013. Archived from
2044:
1834:
1799:The Perks of Being a Wallflower
1429:
1240:
1157:
1013:
993:Barbara Whitman noted that the
942:The term was coined in 1819 by
4391:, University of Missouri Press
4177:; Langland, Elizabeth (1983),
2153:
2104:
2026:
1751:Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit
1165:Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure
970:in 1795–96, or, sometimes, to
13:
1:
4559:The Encyclopedia of the Novel
4298:(PhD), University of Tromsø,
3397:Kercheval, Jesse Lee (1997).
3257:Mukherjee, Meenakshi (1985).
3013:10.1080/0950236X.2020.1834709
2974:10.1080/0950236X.2020.1834700
2859:Stević & Prendergast 2017
2809:Stević & Prendergast 2017
2635:10.1080/0895769X.2016.1216388
2271:Journal of Faculty of Letters
2164:(PhD). University of Tromsø.
2061:
1112:
947:Johann Karl Simon Morgenstern
916:from childhood to adulthood (
2901:Dostoevsky His Life and Work
2823:"Jane Eyre: A Bildungsroman"
1559:Their Eyes Were Watching God
1552:Bibhutibhushan Bandyopadhyay
27:Coming of age literary genre
7:
4321:Jeffers, Thomas L. (2005),
3517:Journal of American Studies
3440:. ANU E Press. p. 62.
3407:. The Story Press. p.
3207:"Demian - Oxford Reference"
1986:
1544:
1307:
1119:
1100:
905:[ˈbɪldʊŋs.ʁoˌmaːnə]
10:
4683:
4509:Glossary of Literary Terms
4381:, Wesport: Greenwood Press
4315:, University of Iowa Press
2659:McWilliams, Ellen (2009).
2456:Werlock, James P. (2010).
1104:
968:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
892:[ˈbɪldʊŋs.ʁoˌmaːn]
4583:The Bildungsroman Project
4529:(1980). "Bildungsroman".
4387:Le Seur, Geta J. (1995),
4342:the House on Mango Street
4247:, Oxford University Press
3948:"The dreamer of Brooklyn"
3529:10.1017/S0021875800022891
3232:Hendriksen, Jack (1993).
3092:Oxford Scholarship Online
2705:. Routledge. p. 30.
2497:. Retrieved 12 July 2016.
937:
4422:Minden, Michael (1997),
3865:John Bartram High School
3511:McGregor, Gaile (1987).
2821:Lollar, Cortney (1996).
2766:Dagradi, Sergio (1999).
2740:The Criterion Collection
2539:"El lazarillo de Tormes"
2517:Key Guides. p. 34.
2329:11 December 2014 at the
2019:
1866:The Fortress of Solitude
1667:The Emperor of Ice-Cream
1607:In the Castle of My Skin
1222:Christoph Martin Wieland
972:Christoph Martin Wieland
4403:Guide to Literary Terms
4214:Bolaki, Stella (2011),
3386:Encyclopædia Britannica
2210:Buckley, J. H. (1974).
2116:Encyclopædia Britannica
1842:The Secret Life of Bees
1715:Bright Lights, Big City
4449:, New York: Peter Lang
4344:and Jamaica Kincaid's
4325:, New York: Palgrave,
4226:Romantic Prose Fiction
3167:New Comparison Journal
2897:Frank, Joseph (2010).
2701:Feder, Helena (2014).
2677:The two early English
2570:Hanlon, Aaron (2019).
2214:, Harvard Univ Press,
1571:The Catcher in the Rye
1234:Johann Wolfgang Goethe
1217:Geschichte des Agathon
1216:
1143:
1133:
1090:The Motorcycle Diaries
977:Geschichte des Agathon
976:
930:
922:
3750:Lewis, Barry (2007).
3633:transcript of podcast
3400:"Continuing Conflict"
2825:. The Victorian Web.
2588:10.1353/elh.2019.0035
2239:26 April 2023 at the
1974:Boy Swallows Universe
1643:To Kill a Mockingbird
1521:This Side of Paradise
1382:Sentimental Education
1260:The Red and the Black
1095:Ernesto "Che" Guevara
901:German pronunciation:
888:German pronunciation:
842:Literature portal
4397:Lynch, Jack (1999),
3724:The Atlantic Monthly
1703:A Wizard of Earthsea
1595:Children of Violence
1139:(first edition 1554)
616:Groups and movements
3833:. 2 February 2018.
3380:2 June 2022 at the
3326:on 25 December 2010
2681:already mentioned,
2495:Real Teacher Tutors
2395:4 June 2018 at the
2138:, pp. 263–266.
2007:Mirrors for princes
1732:Anna-Leena Härkönen
1526:F. Scott Fitzgerald
1135:Lazarillo de Tormes
1057:Pride and Prejudice
955:coming-of-age novel
235:Short prose fiction
138:Major written forms
18:Coming of age novel
4587:digital humanities
4243:Esty, Jed (2011),
4016:The New York Times
3984:The New York Times
3874:on 28 January 2018
3807:on 13 January 2005
3784:. 22 January 2021.
3694:. 27 August 1959.
3350:www.nobelprize.org
3163:The Book of Khalid
3086:Esty, Jed (2012).
2958:Great Expectations
2489:2016-07-14 at the
2322:Hirsch, Marianne.
2231:Ellis, L. (1999).
1756:Jeanette Winterson
1727:How to Kill a Bull
1564:Zora Neale Hurston
1533:The Magic Mountain
1473:The Book of Khalid
1358:Great Expectations
1351:Elizabeth Stoddard
1309:Netochka Nezvanova
1253:Alessandro Manzoni
1008:coming-of-age film
880:literary criticism
729:Lists and outlines
205:Long prose fiction
4591:Katherine Carlson
4568:978-1-4051-6184-8
4235:978-90-272-3456-8
4198:978-0-292-79256-2
4019:. 16 April 2006.
3923:. Goodreads.com.
3795:Marty Beckerman.
3109:978-0-19-985797-5
3007:(12): 1911–1931.
2968:(12): 1969–1988.
2672:978-0-7546-6027-9
2551:on 9 October 2022
2432:Malone, David H.
2356:978-0-82322-817-1
2311:978-0-86091-159-3
2305:, London: Verso,
2251:978-0-83875-411-5
2220:978-0-67479-640-9
2122:on 28 March 2020.
2039:Entwicklungsroman
1950:Neapolitan Novels
1938:Sputnik Caledonia
1816:Masashi Kishimoto
1708:Ursula K. Le Guin
1631:Goodbye, Columbus
1449:Beneath the Wheel
1399:Fyodor Dostoevsky
1375:Louisa May Alcott
1322:David Copperfield
1315:Fyodor Dostoevsky
1296:Wuthering Heights
1065:Entwicklungsroman
876:
875:
628:
627:
483:
482:
290:
289:
16:(Redirected from
4674:
4667:1810s neologisms
4634:
4633:
4622:
4621:
4620:
4610:
4609:
4601:
4572:
4544:
4522:
4491:
4470:
4460:
4450:
4440:
4427:
4417:
4416:
4414:
4409:on 5 August 2011
4392:
4382:
4372:
4335:
4316:
4306:
4304:
4297:
4284:
4271:
4258:
4248:
4238:
4219:
4209:
4182:
4175:Hirsch, Marianne
4156:
4155:
4153:
4151:
4146:
4138:
4132:
4131:
4129:
4127:
4105:
4099:
4098:
4096:
4094:
4084:
4078:
4077:
4075:
4073:
4067:
4060:
4048:
4042:
4039:
4033:
4032:
4030:
4028:
4007:
4001:
4000:
3998:
3996:
3974:
3968:
3967:
3965:
3963:
3943:
3937:
3936:
3934:
3932:
3916:
3910:
3909:
3907:
3905:
3890:
3884:
3883:
3881:
3879:
3873:
3867:. Archived from
3862:
3853:
3847:
3846:
3844:
3842:
3823:
3817:
3816:
3814:
3812:
3803:. Archived from
3792:
3786:
3785:
3778:
3772:
3771:
3747:
3741:
3740:
3738:
3736:
3714:
3708:
3707:
3705:
3703:
3684:
3678:
3677:
3675:
3673:
3655:
3649:
3648:
3646:
3644:
3624:
3618:
3617:
3615:
3613:
3592:Griffin, Jan M.
3589:
3583:
3582:
3580:
3578:
3573:on 28 April 2012
3569:. Archived from
3562:
3553:
3552:
3550:
3548:
3543:on 17 April 2013
3539:. Archived from
3508:
3502:
3501:
3490:10.2307/25515283
3484:(1/2): 400–413.
3470:
3464:
3463:
3461:
3459:
3429:
3423:
3422:
3405:Building Fiction
3402:
3394:
3388:
3372:
3366:
3365:
3363:
3361:
3342:
3336:
3335:
3333:
3331:
3316:
3305:
3304:
3294:
3285:
3279:
3278:
3254:
3248:
3247:
3229:
3223:
3222:
3220:
3218:
3203:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3192:
3177:
3171:
3170:
3158:
3152:
3151:
3149:
3147:
3132:
3126:
3125:
3123:
3121:
3083:
3077:
3076:
3068:
3062:
3061:
3059:
3057:
3051:
3040:
3031:
3025:
3024:
3001:Textual Practice
2992:
2986:
2985:
2962:Textual Practice
2953:
2947:
2946:
2944:
2942:
2927:
2921:
2920:
2904:
2894:
2888:
2887:
2868:
2862:
2856:
2839:
2838:
2836:
2834:
2818:
2812:
2806:
2800:
2799:
2797:
2795:
2763:
2757:
2756:
2754:
2752:
2727:
2721:
2720:
2698:
2692:
2691:
2656:
2647:
2646:
2618:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2607:
2567:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2550:
2543:
2535:
2529:
2528:
2504:
2498:
2480:
2474:
2473:
2453:
2444:
2430:
2424:
2410:
2404:
2386:
2380:
2373:
2367:
2344:
2338:
2320:
2314:
2297:
2291:
2290:
2288:
2286:
2262:
2253:
2229:
2223:
2208:
2202:
2197:Swales, Martin.
2195:
2186:
2180:
2174:
2173:
2157:
2151:
2145:
2139:
2133:
2124:
2123:
2108:
2102:
2096:
2090:
2084:
2078:
2072:
2055:
2048:
2042:
2030:
1962:Washington Black
1914:Goodnight Punpun
1902:Black Swan Green
1744:Orson Scott Card
1619:A Separate Peace
1549:
1418:What Maisie Knew
1387:Gustave Flaubert
1339:Gottfried Keller
1312:
1289:Charlotte Brontë
1219:
1151:Baltasar Gracián
1148:
1138:
1124:
1121:Hayy ibn Yaqdhan
979:
933:
927:
907:
902:
894:
889:
868:
861:
854:
840:
839:
838:
494:
493:
301:
300:
202:
201:
46:
32:
31:
21:
4682:
4681:
4677:
4676:
4675:
4673:
4672:
4671:
4662:Literary genres
4642:
4641:
4640:
4628:
4618:
4616:
4604:
4596:
4579:
4569:
4545:
4541:
4519:
4500:
4498:Further reading
4495:
4489:
4439:, London: Verso
4433:Moretti, Franco
4412:
4410:
4362:10.2307/1315091
4333:
4302:
4295:
4277:Hegel, G. W. F.
4236:
4199:
4171:Abel, Elizabeth
4165:
4160:
4159:
4149:
4147:
4139:
4135:
4125:
4123:
4106:
4102:
4092:
4090:
4086:
4085:
4081:
4071:
4069:
4065:
4058:
4050:
4049:
4045:
4041:citation needed
4040:
4036:
4026:
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4009:
4008:
4004:
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3975:
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3959:
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3887:
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3825:
3824:
3820:
3810:
3808:
3793:
3789:
3780:
3779:
3775:
3768:
3748:
3744:
3734:
3732:
3715:
3711:
3701:
3699:
3686:
3685:
3681:
3671:
3669:
3656:
3652:
3642:
3640:
3629:"The Good Life"
3627:Jay McInerney.
3625:
3621:
3611:
3609:
3598:The ALAN Review
3590:
3586:
3576:
3574:
3563:
3556:
3546:
3544:
3509:
3505:
3471:
3467:
3457:
3455:
3448:
3430:
3426:
3419:
3395:
3391:
3382:Wayback Machine
3373:
3369:
3359:
3357:
3344:
3343:
3339:
3329:
3327:
3318:
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3308:
3292:
3286:
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3117:
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3084:
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2989:
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2895:
2891:
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2830:
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2815:
2807:
2803:
2793:
2791:
2764:
2760:
2750:
2748:
2733:(1 June 2016).
2728:
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2713:
2699:
2695:
2673:
2657:
2650:
2619:
2615:
2605:
2603:
2568:
2564:
2554:
2552:
2548:
2541:
2537:
2536:
2532:
2525:
2505:
2501:
2491:Wayback Machine
2481:
2477:
2470:
2454:
2447:
2431:
2427:
2411:
2407:
2397:Wayback Machine
2387:
2383:
2374:
2370:
2345:
2341:
2331:Wayback Machine
2321:
2317:
2298:
2294:
2284:
2282:
2263:
2256:
2241:Wayback Machine
2230:
2226:
2209:
2205:
2196:
2189:
2181:
2177:
2158:
2154:
2146:
2142:
2134:
2127:
2110:
2109:
2105:
2097:
2093:
2085:
2081:
2073:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2058:
2049:
2045:
2035:Erziehungsroman
2031:
2027:
2022:
1989:
1984:
1895:Benjamin Kunkel
1878:Never Let Me Go
1871:Jonathan Lethem
1859:Khaled Hosseini
1854:The Kite Runner
1837:
1828:Marjane Satrapi
1804:Stephen Chbosky
1768:Haruki Murakami
1546:Pather Panchali
1485:Sons and Lovers
1442:Rudyard Kipling
1432:
1363:Charles Dickens
1327:Charles Dickens
1272:Sartor Resartus
1243:
1210:Laurence Sterne
1160:
1115:
1109:
1103:
1080:The Dharma Bums
1069:Erziehungsroman
1048:Wilhelm Meister
1034:is the myth of
1016:
987:Sartor Resartus
951:Wilhelm Dilthey
940:
900:
887:
872:
836:
834:
767:Literary awards
633:Dramatic genres
374:science fiction
52:Oral literature
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4680:
4670:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4652:Bildungsromans
4639:
4638:
4626:
4614:
4594:
4593:
4578:
4577:External links
4575:
4574:
4573:
4567:
4554:
4552:978-0810857087
4540:978-0810812659
4539:
4523:
4517:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4493:
4488:978-1441108531
4487:
4472:
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4442:
4429:
4419:
4394:
4384:
4374:
4337:
4331:
4318:
4308:
4286:
4273:
4264:Foley, Barbara
4260:
4250:
4240:
4234:
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4211:
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4184:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4158:
4157:
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4100:
4079:
4061:. p. 55.
4043:
4034:
4002:
3969:
3938:
3911:
3885:
3848:
3831:The Lawrentian
3818:
3787:
3773:
3767:978-1570036682
3766:
3742:
3709:
3679:
3650:
3619:
3584:
3554:
3523:(3): 387–409.
3503:
3474:Hicks, Patrick
3465:
3446:
3424:
3417:
3389:
3367:
3337:
3306:
3280:
3273:
3249:
3242:
3224:
3198:
3183:. Enotes.com.
3172:
3153:
3138:. Enotes.com.
3127:
3108:
3078:
3063:
3026:
2987:
2948:
2933:. Enotes.com.
2922:
2915:
2889:
2882:
2863:
2861:, p. 433.
2840:
2813:
2801:
2758:
2731:Robison, James
2722:
2711:
2693:
2679:Bildungsromane
2671:
2648:
2629:(3): 138–141.
2613:
2582:(4): 941–966.
2562:
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2009:
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1997:
1988:
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1983:
1982:
1970:
1958:
1955:Elena Ferrante
1946:
1934:
1922:
1910:
1907:David Mitchell
1898:
1886:
1883:Kazuo Ishiguro
1874:
1862:
1850:
1836:
1833:
1832:
1831:
1819:
1807:
1795:
1783:
1771:
1763:Norwegian Wood
1759:
1747:
1735:
1723:
1711:
1699:
1687:
1675:
1663:
1655:Wake in Fright
1651:
1639:
1627:
1615:
1612:George Lamming
1603:
1591:
1579:
1576:J. D. Salinger
1567:
1555:
1541:
1529:
1517:
1505:
1493:
1490:D. H. Lawrence
1481:
1469:
1457:
1445:
1431:
1428:
1427:
1426:
1414:
1402:
1394:The Adolescent
1390:
1378:
1366:
1354:
1342:
1330:
1318:
1304:
1292:
1280:
1277:Thomas Carlyle
1268:
1256:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1237:
1225:
1213:
1201:
1189:
1186:Henry Fielding
1177:
1159:
1156:
1155:
1154:
1140:
1130:
1129:(12th century)
1114:
1111:
1110:
1102:
1099:
1028:Franco Moretti
1015:
1012:
982:Thomas Carlyle
939:
936:
910:literary genre
897:Bildungsromane
874:
873:
871:
870:
863:
856:
848:
845:
844:
831:
830:
829:
828:
823:
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
790:
789:
779:
778:
777:
776:
775:
774:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
731:
730:
726:
725:
724:
723:
718:
713:
708:
703:
695:
694:
688:
687:
686:
685:
680:
675:
670:
665:
664:
663:
658:
648:
643:
635:
634:
630:
629:
626:
625:
624:
623:
618:
613:
605:
604:
600:
599:
598:
597:
592:
587:
582:
577:
572:
567:
562:
557:
552:
547:
539:
538:
532:
531:
530:
529:
524:
519:
514:
509:
501:
500:
490:
489:
485:
484:
481:
480:
479:
478:
473:
468:
463:
458:
453:
448:
443:
438:
433:
432:
431:
426:
413:
412:
406:
405:
404:
403:
398:
393:
392:
391:
386:
381:
376:
371:
366:
361:
356:
351:
346:
341:
336:
326:
321:
316:
308:
307:
297:
296:
292:
291:
288:
287:
286:
285:
280:
275:
270:
265:
260:
255:
250:
245:
237:
236:
232:
231:
230:
229:
220:
215:
207:
206:
200:
199:
194:
189:
188:
187:
177:
172:
171:
170:
165:
155:
154:
153:
140:
139:
135:
134:
133:
132:
127:
126:
125:
120:
110:
105:
104:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
55:
54:
48:
47:
39:
38:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4679:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4649:
4647:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4625:
4615:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4602:
4599:
4592:
4588:
4584:
4581:
4580:
4570:
4564:
4560:
4555:
4553:
4549:
4542:
4536:
4532:
4528:
4527:Madden, David
4524:
4520:
4518:1-4130-0218-8
4514:
4510:
4506:
4505:Abrams, M. H.
4502:
4501:
4490:
4484:
4480:
4479:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4434:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4408:
4404:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4371:
4367:
4363:
4359:
4355:
4351:
4347:
4343:
4338:
4334:
4332:1-4039-6607-9
4328:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4301:
4294:
4293:
4287:
4282:
4278:
4274:
4269:
4265:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4237:
4231:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4208:
4204:
4200:
4194:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4176:
4172:
4168:
4167:
4145:
4137:
4121:
4117:
4116:
4111:
4104:
4089:
4083:
4064:
4057:
4055:
4047:
4038:
4022:
4018:
4017:
4012:
4006:
3990:
3986:
3985:
3980:
3973:
3957:
3953:
3949:
3942:
3926:
3922:
3915:
3899:
3895:
3889:
3870:
3866:
3859:
3852:
3836:
3832:
3828:
3822:
3806:
3802:
3798:
3791:
3783:
3777:
3769:
3763:
3759:
3755:
3754:
3746:
3730:
3726:
3725:
3720:
3713:
3697:
3693:
3689:
3683:
3667:
3666:
3661:
3654:
3638:
3634:
3630:
3623:
3607:
3603:
3599:
3595:
3588:
3572:
3568:
3561:
3559:
3542:
3538:
3534:
3530:
3526:
3522:
3518:
3514:
3507:
3499:
3495:
3491:
3487:
3483:
3479:
3475:
3469:
3453:
3449:
3447:9781921666650
3443:
3439:
3435:
3428:
3420:
3418:1-884910-28-9
3414:
3410:
3406:
3401:
3393:
3387:
3383:
3379:
3376:
3371:
3355:
3351:
3347:
3341:
3325:
3321:
3315:
3313:
3311:
3303:
3298:
3291:
3284:
3276:
3274:0-19-561648-0
3270:
3266:
3262:
3261:
3253:
3245:
3243:0-8204-1852-8
3239:
3235:
3228:
3212:
3208:
3202:
3186:
3182:
3176:
3168:
3164:
3157:
3141:
3137:
3131:
3115:
3111:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3089:
3082:
3074:
3067:
3048:
3044:
3037:
3034:Knapp, Liza.
3030:
3022:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2991:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2952:
2936:
2932:
2926:
2918:
2916:9780691128191
2912:
2908:
2903:
2902:
2893:
2885:
2883:9781527540798
2879:
2875:
2874:
2867:
2860:
2855:
2853:
2851:
2849:
2847:
2845:
2828:
2824:
2817:
2810:
2805:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2762:
2746:
2742:
2741:
2736:
2732:
2726:
2719:
2714:
2712:9781315578644
2708:
2704:
2697:
2690:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2674:
2668:
2664:
2663:
2655:
2653:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2617:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2566:
2547:
2540:
2534:
2526:
2524:0-415-23126-4
2520:
2516:
2512:
2511:
2503:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2485:
2479:
2471:
2469:9781438127439
2465:
2461:
2460:
2452:
2450:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2429:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2409:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2391:
2385:
2378:
2372:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2343:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2325:
2319:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2303:
2296:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2261:
2259:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2242:
2238:
2235:
2228:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2207:
2200:
2194:
2192:
2185:, p. 49.
2184:
2179:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2156:
2149:
2144:
2137:
2132:
2130:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2107:
2100:
2095:
2089:, p. 21.
2088:
2083:
2076:
2071:
2067:
2053:
2047:
2040:
2036:
2029:
2025:
2015:
2014:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2002:
2001:Künstlerroman
1998:
1996:
1995:
1991:
1990:
1980:
1976:
1975:
1971:
1968:
1964:
1963:
1959:
1956:
1952:
1951:
1947:
1944:
1943:Andrew Crumey
1940:
1939:
1935:
1932:
1928:
1927:
1923:
1920:
1916:
1915:
1911:
1908:
1904:
1903:
1899:
1896:
1892:
1891:
1887:
1884:
1880:
1879:
1875:
1872:
1868:
1867:
1863:
1860:
1856:
1855:
1851:
1848:
1847:Sue Monk Kidd
1844:
1843:
1839:
1838:
1829:
1825:
1824:
1820:
1817:
1813:
1812:
1808:
1805:
1801:
1800:
1796:
1793:
1792:J. K. Rowling
1789:
1788:
1784:
1781:
1780:Peter Ackroyd
1777:
1776:
1775:English Music
1772:
1769:
1765:
1764:
1760:
1757:
1753:
1752:
1748:
1745:
1741:
1740:
1736:
1733:
1729:
1728:
1724:
1721:
1720:Jay McInerney
1717:
1716:
1712:
1709:
1705:
1704:
1700:
1697:
1693:
1692:
1691:The Outsiders
1688:
1685:
1684:Frank Herbert
1681:
1680:
1676:
1673:
1669:
1668:
1664:
1661:
1657:
1656:
1652:
1649:
1645:
1644:
1640:
1637:
1633:
1632:
1628:
1625:
1621:
1620:
1616:
1613:
1609:
1608:
1604:
1601:
1600:Doris Lessing
1597:
1596:
1592:
1589:
1588:Ralph Ellison
1585:
1584:
1583:Invisible Man
1580:
1577:
1573:
1572:
1568:
1565:
1561:
1560:
1556:
1553:
1548:
1547:
1542:
1539:
1535:
1534:
1530:
1527:
1523:
1522:
1518:
1515:
1514:Hermann Hesse
1511:
1510:
1506:
1503:
1499:
1498:
1494:
1491:
1487:
1486:
1482:
1479:
1475:
1474:
1470:
1467:
1463:
1462:
1458:
1455:
1454:Hermann Hesse
1451:
1450:
1446:
1443:
1439:
1438:
1434:
1433:
1424:
1420:
1419:
1415:
1412:
1408:
1407:
1403:
1400:
1396:
1395:
1391:
1388:
1384:
1383:
1379:
1376:
1372:
1371:
1367:
1364:
1360:
1359:
1355:
1352:
1348:
1347:
1346:The Morgesons
1343:
1340:
1336:
1335:
1331:
1328:
1324:
1323:
1319:
1316:
1311:
1310:
1305:
1302:
1298:
1297:
1293:
1290:
1286:
1285:
1281:
1278:
1274:
1273:
1269:
1266:
1262:
1261:
1257:
1254:
1250:
1249:
1248:The Betrothed
1245:
1244:
1235:
1231:
1230:
1226:
1223:
1218:
1214:
1211:
1207:
1206:
1202:
1199:
1195:
1194:
1190:
1187:
1183:
1182:
1178:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1166:
1162:
1161:
1152:
1147:
1146:
1141:
1137:
1136:
1131:
1128:
1123:
1122:
1117:
1116:
1108:
1098:
1096:
1092:
1091:
1086:
1082:
1081:
1076:
1075:
1074:Künstlerroman
1070:
1066:
1061:
1059:
1058:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1032:Bildungsroman
1029:
1025:
1022:
1011:
1009:
1004:
1002:
998:
997:
991:
989:
988:
983:
978:
973:
969:
965:
964:
958:
956:
952:
948:
945:
935:
932:
926:
925:
919:
918:coming of age
915:
911:
906:
898:
893:
885:
884:Bildungsroman
881:
869:
864:
862:
857:
855:
850:
849:
847:
846:
843:
833:
832:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
793:
792:
791:
788:
784:
781:
780:
773:
770:
769:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
734:
733:
732:
728:
727:
722:
719:
717:
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
698:
697:
696:
693:
690:
689:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
669:
666:
662:
659:
657:
654:
653:
652:
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
638:
637:
636:
632:
631:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
608:
607:
606:
602:
601:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
542:
541:
540:
537:
534:
533:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
504:
503:
502:
499:
496:
495:
492:
491:
488:Poetry genres
487:
486:
477:
474:
472:
469:
467:
464:
462:
459:
457:
454:
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
437:
434:
430:
427:
425:
422:
421:
420:
417:
416:
415:
414:
411:
408:
407:
402:
399:
397:
394:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
340:
339:coming-of-age
337:
335:
332:
331:
330:
327:
325:
322:
320:
317:
315:
312:
311:
310:
309:
306:
303:
302:
299:
298:
294:
293:
284:
281:
279:
276:
274:
271:
269:
268:Flash fiction
266:
264:
261:
259:
256:
254:
251:
249:
246:
244:
241:
240:
239:
238:
234:
233:
228:
224:
221:
219:
216:
214:
211:
210:
209:
208:
204:
203:
198:
195:
193:
190:
186:
183:
182:
181:
178:
176:
173:
169:
166:
164:
161:
160:
159:
156:
152:
149:
148:
147:
144:
143:
142:
141:
137:
136:
131:
128:
124:
121:
119:
116:
115:
114:
111:
109:
106:
102:
99:
97:
94:
92:
89:
87:
84:
82:
79:
77:
74:
72:
69:
67:
64:
63:
62:
59:
58:
57:
56:
53:
50:
49:
45:
41:
40:
37:
34:
33:
30:
19:
4558:
4530:
4508:
4477:
4466:
4459:, Lit Verlag
4456:
4446:
4436:
4423:
4411:, retrieved
4407:the original
4402:
4388:
4378:
4356:(2): 63–78,
4353:
4349:
4345:
4341:
4322:
4312:
4291:
4280:
4267:
4254:
4244:
4225:
4215:
4188:
4178:
4163:Bibliography
4148:. Retrieved
4136:
4124:. Retrieved
4115:The National
4113:
4103:
4091:. Retrieved
4082:
4070:. Retrieved
4053:
4046:
4037:
4025:. Retrieved
4014:
4005:
3993:. Retrieved
3982:
3972:
3960:. Retrieved
3951:
3941:
3929:. Retrieved
3914:
3902:. Retrieved
3888:
3876:. Retrieved
3869:the original
3864:
3851:
3839:. Retrieved
3821:
3809:. Retrieved
3805:the original
3800:
3790:
3776:
3752:
3745:
3733:. Retrieved
3722:
3712:
3700:. Retrieved
3691:
3682:
3670:. Retrieved
3668:(in Finnish)
3665:Ilta-Sanomat
3663:
3653:
3641:. Retrieved
3632:
3622:
3610:. Retrieved
3601:
3597:
3587:
3575:. Retrieved
3571:the original
3545:. Retrieved
3541:the original
3520:
3516:
3506:
3481:
3477:
3468:
3456:. Retrieved
3437:
3427:
3404:
3392:
3385:
3370:
3358:. Retrieved
3349:
3340:
3328:. Retrieved
3324:the original
3300:
3296:
3283:
3259:
3252:
3233:
3227:
3215:. Retrieved
3201:
3189:. Retrieved
3175:
3166:
3162:
3156:
3144:. Retrieved
3130:
3118:. Retrieved
3091:
3081:
3072:
3066:
3054:. Retrieved
3042:
3029:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2990:
2965:
2961:
2957:
2951:
2939:. Retrieved
2925:
2900:
2892:
2872:
2866:
2831:. Retrieved
2816:
2804:
2792:. Retrieved
2775:
2771:
2761:
2749:. Retrieved
2738:
2725:
2716:
2702:
2696:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2676:
2661:
2626:
2622:
2616:
2604:. Retrieved
2579:
2575:
2565:
2553:. Retrieved
2546:the original
2533:
2509:
2502:
2494:
2478:
2458:
2433:
2428:
2414:NWSA Journal
2413:
2408:
2401:Le Télémaque
2400:
2384:
2376:
2371:
2347:
2342:
2334:
2318:
2300:
2295:
2283:. Retrieved
2274:
2270:
2232:
2227:
2211:
2206:
2198:
2183:Jeffers 2005
2178:
2161:
2155:
2150:, p. 1.
2143:
2120:the original
2115:
2106:
2101:, p. 2.
2099:Jeffers 2005
2094:
2087:Bakhtin 1996
2082:
2070:
2051:
2046:
2038:
2034:
2028:
2013:Roman à clef
2011:
1999:
1992:
1979:Trent Dalton
1972:
1960:
1948:
1936:
1924:
1912:
1900:
1888:
1876:
1864:
1852:
1840:
1835:21st century
1821:
1809:
1797:
1787:Harry Potter
1785:
1773:
1761:
1749:
1739:Ender's Game
1737:
1725:
1713:
1701:
1696:S. E. Hinton
1689:
1677:
1665:
1660:Kenneth Cook
1653:
1641:
1629:
1624:John Knowles
1617:
1605:
1593:
1581:
1569:
1557:
1531:
1519:
1507:
1495:
1483:
1478:Ameen Rihani
1471:
1459:
1447:
1435:
1430:20th century
1416:
1404:
1392:
1380:
1370:Little Women
1368:
1356:
1344:
1332:
1320:
1301:Emily Brontë
1294:
1282:
1270:
1258:
1246:
1241:19th century
1227:
1203:
1191:
1179:
1174:John Cleland
1169:
1163:
1158:18th century
1088:
1085:Jack Kerouac
1078:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1062:
1055:
1047:
1040:teleological
1031:
1026:
1017:
1014:Plot outline
1005:
994:
992:
985:
961:
959:
954:
941:
896:
883:
877:
401:Encyclopedic
379:supernatural
295:Prose genres
151:closet drama
29:
4657:Film genres
4585:- academic
4027:18 February
3995:18 February
3672:29 February
3236:. P. Lang.
2794:15 November
2606:11 December
2555:24 November
2243:, 1750–1850
1967:Esi Edugyan
1957:(2011–2014)
1931:Philip Roth
1926:Indignation
1921:(2007-2013)
1672:Brian Moore
1636:Philip Roth
1602:(1952–1969)
1538:Thomas Mann
1502:James Joyce
1466:Jack London
1461:Martin Eden
1423:Henry James
1334:Green Henry
1145:El Criticón
1052:Jane Austen
944:philologist
934:("novel").
914:protagonist
806:Composition
683:Tragicomedy
522:Verse novel
410:Non-fiction
314:Speculative
253:Short story
123:spoken word
113:Performance
86:heroic epic
4646:Categories
4624:Literature
4346:Annie John
4150:11 January
4093:15 January
3692:Sparknotes
3217:28 October
3056:21 October
2170:10037/2486
2136:Engel 2008
2075:Lynch 1999
2062:References
1919:Inio Asano
1890:Indecision
1823:Persepolis
1648:Harper Lee
1411:Mark Twain
1170:Fanny Hill
1127:Ibn Tufail
1113:Precursors
1105:See also:
721:Postmodern
656:historical
595:Villanelle
476:Travelogue
471:Persuasive
451:Journalism
429:philosophy
396:Historical
364:paranormal
324:Children's
197:Electronic
71:fairy tale
36:Literature
4636:Education
4207:956882417
4126:9 October
3878:6 October
3801:Word Riot
3643:3 January
3537:145732487
3021:227033016
2982:227034524
2683:Tom Jones
2643:164429385
2596:213479222
2515:Routledge
2285:10 August
1284:Jane Eyre
1279:(1833–34)
1236:(1795–96)
1050:and even
1036:modernity
895:, plural
816:Narrative
801:Magazines
796:Sociology
787:criticism
757:Movements
716:Modernist
706:Classical
498:Narrative
334:adventure
278:Religious
248:Novelette
213:Anthology
168:narrative
118:audiobook
76:folk play
4507:(2005).
4435:(1987),
4300:archived
4279:(1988),
4266:(1993),
4120:Archived
4072:27 March
4063:Archived
4021:Archived
3989:Archived
3962:19 March
3956:Archived
3931:21 April
3925:Archived
3904:21 April
3898:Archived
3835:Archived
3729:Archived
3702:21 April
3696:Archived
3637:Archived
3606:Archived
3577:12 April
3547:12 April
3498:25515283
3458:18 March
3452:Archived
3378:Archived
3360:19 March
3354:Archived
3330:21 April
3211:Archived
3191:21 April
3185:Archived
3146:21 April
3140:Archived
3120:18 March
3114:Archived
3047:Archived
2941:21 April
2935:Archived
2827:Archived
2788:Archived
2784:23937196
2745:Archived
2600:Archived
2487:Archived
2442:25595312
2393:Archived
2327:Archived
2279:Archived
2237:Archived
1987:See also
1590:, (1952)
1265:Stendhal
1198:Voltaire
1101:Examples
1001:Achilles
811:Language
742:Glossary
711:Medieval
646:Libretto
575:Limerick
527:National
517:Dramatic
507:Children
436:Anecdote
419:Academic
359:military
180:Nonsense
81:folksong
61:Folklore
4598:Portals
4370:1315091
3735:5 March
3612:10 June
2833:8 March
2422:4315991
1994:Bildung
1193:Candide
924:Bildung
908:) is a
752:Writers
737:Outline
701:Ancient
692:History
678:Tragedy
555:Epigram
441:Epistle
424:history
384:western
369:romance
354:fantasy
319:Realist
305:Fiction
273:Parable
258:Drabble
243:Novella
227:romance
192:Ergodic
108:Oration
101:proverb
4612:Novels
4565:
4550:
4537:
4515:
4485:
4413:24 May
4368:
4329:
4232:
4205:
4195:
3841:7 June
3811:27 May
3764:
3535:
3496:
3444:
3415:
3271:
3240:
3106:
3019:
2980:
2913:
2880:
2782:
2751:9 June
2709:
2669:
2641:
2594:
2521:
2466:
2440:
2420:
2354:
2309:
2249:
2218:
1981:(2018)
1969:(2018)
1945:(2008)
1933:(2008)
1909:(2006)
1897:(2005)
1885:(2005)
1873:(2003)
1861:(2003)
1849:(2002)
1830:(2000)
1818:(1999)
1811:Naruto
1806:(1999)
1794:(1997)
1782:(1992)
1770:(1987)
1758:(1985)
1746:(1985)
1734:(1984)
1722:(1984)
1710:(1968)
1698:(1967)
1686:(1965)
1674:(1965)
1662:(1961)
1650:(1960)
1638:(1959)
1626:(1956)
1614:(1953)
1578:(1951)
1566:(1937)
1554:(1929)
1540:(1924)
1528:(1920)
1516:(1919)
1509:Demian
1504:(1916)
1492:(1913)
1480:(1911)
1468:(1909)
1456:, 1906
1444:(1901)
1425:(1897)
1413:(1884)
1401:(1875)
1389:(1869)
1377:(1869)
1365:(1861)
1353:(1862)
1341:(1855)
1329:(1850)
1317:(1849)
1303:(1847)
1291:(1847)
1267:(1830)
1255:(1827)
1212:(1759)
1200:(1759)
1188:(1749)
1176:(1748)
1172:), by
1044:Goethe
938:Origin
826:Estate
783:Theory
772:poetry
762:Cycles
673:Script
668:Satire
641:Comedy
590:Sonnet
585:Qasida
560:Ghazal
545:Ballad
466:Nature
456:Letter
389:horror
349:erotic
283:Wisdom
263:Sketch
218:Serial
158:Poetry
130:Saying
91:legend
4366:JSTOR
4303:(PDF)
4296:(PDF)
4066:(PDF)
4059:(PDF)
3952:Salon
3872:(PDF)
3861:(PDF)
3604:(3).
3533:S2CID
3494:JSTOR
3293:(PDF)
3050:(PDF)
3039:(PDF)
3017:S2CID
2997:Girls
2978:S2CID
2780:JSTOR
2639:S2CID
2592:S2CID
2549:(PDF)
2542:(PDF)
2438:JSTOR
2418:JSTOR
2335:Genre
2277:(2).
2020:Notes
1977:, by
1965:, by
1953:, by
1941:, by
1929:, by
1917:, by
1905:, by
1893:, by
1881:, by
1869:, by
1857:, by
1845:, by
1826:, by
1814:, by
1802:, by
1790:, by
1778:, by
1766:, by
1754:, by
1742:, by
1730:, by
1718:, by
1706:, by
1694:, by
1682:, by
1670:, by
1658:, by
1646:, by
1634:, by
1622:, by
1610:, by
1598:, by
1586:, by
1574:, by
1562:, by
1550:, by
1536:, by
1524:, by
1512:, by
1500:, by
1488:, by
1476:, by
1464:, by
1452:, by
1440:, by
1421:, by
1409:, by
1397:, by
1385:, by
1373:, by
1361:, by
1349:, by
1337:, by
1325:, by
1313:, by
1299:, by
1287:, by
1275:, by
1263:, by
1251:, by
1220:, by
1208:, by
1196:, by
1184:, by
1125:, by
1021:dunce
996:Iliad
931:Roman
747:Books
661:moral
621:Poets
603:Lists
565:Haiku
550:Elegy
536:Lyric
446:Essay
344:crime
329:Genre
223:Novel
185:verse
175:Prose
163:lyric
146:Drama
66:fable
4563:ISBN
4548:ISBN
4535:ISBN
4513:ISBN
4483:ISBN
4415:2020
4327:ISBN
4230:ISBN
4203:OCLC
4193:ISBN
4152:2024
4128:2018
4095:2024
4074:2023
4029:2017
3997:2017
3964:2018
3933:2011
3906:2011
3880:2013
3843:2020
3813:2012
3762:ISBN
3737:2017
3704:2011
3674:2024
3645:2013
3614:2013
3579:2012
3549:2012
3460:2023
3442:ISBN
3413:ISBN
3362:2018
3332:2011
3269:ISBN
3238:ISBN
3219:2021
3193:2011
3148:2011
3122:2023
3104:ISBN
3058:2022
3043:Core
2943:2011
2911:ISBN
2878:ISBN
2835:2013
2796:2022
2753:2016
2707:ISBN
2685:and
2667:ISBN
2608:2020
2557:2013
2519:ISBN
2464:ISBN
2352:ISBN
2307:ISBN
2287:2022
2247:ISBN
2216:ISBN
1679:Dune
882:, a
821:Feud
785:and
651:Play
611:Epic
570:Hymn
512:Epic
461:Life
96:myth
4358:doi
4348:",
3525:doi
3486:doi
3409:101
3265:128
3096:doi
3009:doi
2970:doi
2907:114
2631:doi
2623:ANQ
2584:doi
2576:ELH
2493:",
2360:doi
2166:hdl
1437:Kim
1232:by
1149:by
1093:by
1083:by
1060:".
1054:'s
1046:'s
974:'s
966:by
878:In
580:Ode
4648::
4401:,
4364:,
4354:31
4352:,
4201:,
4173:;
4118:.
4112:.
4013:.
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3981:.
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3596:.
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