150:
27:
161:
251:
In 1925, the
Commonwealth Fund launched its international program of fellowships called the Commonwealth Fund Fellowships (now the Harkness Fellowships). Until the 1990s, the fellowship was open to scholars of all academic disciplines, and included many who went on to excel in science, the arts and
203:
possessed a "passionate commitment to social reform" and was "determined to improve health and health services for
Americans." Through additional gifts and bequests between 1918 and 1959, the Harkness family's total contribution to the fund's endowment amounted to more than $ 53 million. By the end
140:
which is analyzed under five themes: access to care, the care process, administrative efficiency, equity and health-care outcomes. The United States has been assessed as worst health-care system overall among 11 high-income countries in every report, even though it spends the highest proportion of
123:
whose stated purpose is to "promote a high-performing health care system that achieves better access, improved quality, and greater efficiency, particularly for society's most vulnerable, including low-income people, the uninsured, and people of color." It is active in a number of areas related to
259:
in 1946. Following World War II, the foundation supported the development of new medical schools in the United States in an effort to address doctor shortages and meet the needs of communities lacking health care services. Other achievements include the
Rochester Regional Hospital Council and the
681:"MEDICAL RESEARCH GETS LARGE GIFTS; Commonwealth Fund Reports That Benefactions in 1936 Totaled $ 1,967,153. BUILDS NEW HOSPITALS Large Share to Institutions in This City—Income Largest in Several Years. Gift Aids Study of Hospitals Scholarships to Physician"
278:
In the 1960s and early 1970s, the organization focused on developing urban health care systems, and in the late 1970s, worked to improve medical school curricula. In the 1980s, the
Commonwealth Fund played a prominent role in the development of the
297:
In 1996, the
Commonwealth Fund received $ 1.7 million from the Health Services Improvement Fund with a mandate to use the funds to improve health care coverage, access, and quality in the New York City greater metropolitan
207:
According to the
Rockefeller Archive Center, the Commonwealth Fund's "early grants supported a variety of programs while generally promoting welfare, especially child welfare." Over the years, it has given support to
734:
680:
232:
of the in 1922. The
Hospital continues to operate today as NewYork-Presbyterian / Columbia University Irving Medical Center which contains the Harkness Pavilion and the Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute
172:
286:
While the
Commonwealth Fund does not typically accept donations, several gifts to the foundation have increased the endowment and expanded the scope of the Commonwealth Fund's projects and programs:
367:
544:
853:
248:, rural hospitals, medical research, and medical education. Other grant areas included war relief, educational and legal research, and international medical fellowships.
763:
738:
217:
659:
843:
634:
502:
272:
523:
J. L. Fleishman, The
Foundation: A Great American Secret: How Private Wealth Is Changing the World (New York, New York: PublicAffairs, 2007), p. 42.
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The
Commonwealth Fund, one of the first foundations to be established by a woman, was founded in 1918 with an endowment of almost $ 10 million by
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784:
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Since 2004 it has produced reports comparing healthcare systems in high income countries using survey and administrative data from the
271:
as the basic technique for detecting cervical cancer. Refinement of cardiac catheterization into routine treatment resulted in a 1956
379:
436:
255:
From the late 1920s through the 1940s, the Commonwealth Fund supported the construction of rural hospitals, paving the way for the
199:, became the Commonwealth Fund's first president and hired a staff of people to help him build the foundation. Edward and his wife
533:
397:
221:
141:
its gross domestic product on health care. In 2021 Norway, the Netherlands and Australia were the top-performing countries.
229:
759:
331:
120:
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403:
735:"Teams Up With a Foundation to Identify Extraordinary, Unorthodox Opportunities for Philanthropic Investment"
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137:
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merged $ 15 million in assets of the James Picker Foundation with those of the Commonwealth Fund.
225:
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361:
165:
8:
430:
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89:
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302:
495:"U.S. health-care system ranks last among 11 high-income countries, researchers say"
391:
245:
184:
55:
705:
The Foundation: A Great American Secret: How Private Wealth Is Changing the World
445:
256:
209:
195:, Harkness wanted to "do something for the welfare of mankind." Harkness's son,
241:
124:
health care and health policy. It is led by Joseph R. Betancourt, M.D., M.P.H.
216:, the Commonwealth Fund and Edward Harness largely orchestrated the merger of
837:
291:
237:
213:
68:
260:
development of the Nurse Practitioner and Physician Assistant professions.
192:
204:
of 2021 the Commonwealth Fund's endowment stands at almost $ 840 million.
656:"The Rockefeller Archive Center – Commonwealth Fund Archives, 1918–1988"
631:"The Rockefeller Archive Center – Commonwealth Fund Archives, 1918–1988"
573:"The Rockefeller Archive Center – Commonwealth Fund Archives, 1918–1988"
26:
149:
283:
movement and helped draw attention to the needs of older Americans.
268:
812:
236:
In the mid-1920s, the chief interest of the foundation had become
224:. The merger culminated in the construction of the world's first
103:
160:
598:"Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute | Columbia Ophthalmology"
415:
Planned Parenthood of New York City, Inc., 1967–1980, 1982–1986
176:
133:
328:(Emergency Relief) 1919–1920, 1922, 1928 1937, 1955, 1960
301:
In 1999, Floriana Hogan left $ 100,000 to the fund, and
854:
Medical and health foundations in the United States
787:. The Commonwealth Fund. 2010-06-01. Archived from
305:
contributed $ 3.1 million to the endowment in 2002.
702:
263:In the 1940s, the fund supported research by Dr.
212:and to the building of hospitals and clinics. In
835:
709:. New York, New York: PublicAffairs. p.
625:
623:
602:Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons
442:War Relief and Related Purposes, 1939–1949
25:
700:
844:1918 establishments in the United States
620:
437:Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
312:Notable early grantees and years funded
170:
164:The Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute at
159:
148:
760:"Dickinson W. Richards – Nobel Lecture"
836:
567:
565:
398:Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts
380:International Women's Health Coalition
127:
849:Health charities in the United States
368:Harkness Community and Medical Center
550:from the original on 19 January 2024
505:from the original on 15 January 2024
471:"Joseph R. Betancourt, M.D., M.P.H."
358:Food Packages for England, 1947–1948
355:Food Packages for Austria, 1946–1950
275:for the Fund-supported researchers.
230:Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center
562:
13:
332:American Museum of Natural History
14:
870:
806:
608:from the original on 10 July 2020
412:, 1946–1958, 1968–1969, 1975–1980
825:Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute
777:
766:from the original on 2012-06-23
752:
727:
694:
662:from the original on 2012-03-03
637:from the original on 2012-04-22
579:from the original on 2012-04-22
476:from the original on 2023-04-12
84:Joseph R. Betancourt, President
762:. Nobelprize.org. 1956-12-11.
673:
648:
590:
526:
517:
487:
463:
404:Museum of the City of New York
1:
829:NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital
737:. InnoCentive. Archived from
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344:Brigham and Women's Hospital
320:American Board of Pediatrics
39:; 106 years ago
7:
425:University of Saint Andrews
121:private American foundation
10:
875:
191:, a principal investor in
144:
821:of the Commonwealth Fund
815:Website Commonwealth Fund
419:Royal Society of Medicine
410:New York Botanical Garden
138:World Health Organization
98:
88:
78:
61:
51:
33:
24:
534:"PUBLIC DISCLOSURE COPY"
386:Johns Hopkins University
701:Fleishman, J L (2007).
690:(subscription required)
303:Frances Cooke Macgregor
226:academic medical center
218:Columbia Medical School
197:Edward Stephen Harkness
388:, 1919–1984, 1977–1981
352:, 1920–1982, 1979–1991
334:, 1969–1970, 1979–1983
180:
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338:Boy Scouts of America
281:patient-centered care
265:Georgios Papanikolaou
222:Presbyterian Hospital
174:
163:
152:
117:The Commonwealth Fund
20:The Commonwealth Fund
785:"Foundation History"
362:Guttmacher Institute
166:NewYork-Presbyterian
687:. January 18, 1937.
431:The Urban Institute
350:Columbia University
267:that pioneered the
189:Stephen V. Harkness
128:Healthcare rankings
21:
16:American foundation
685:The New York Times
374:Harvard University
340:, 1919, 1921, 1928
326:American Red Cross
290:In 1986, Jean and
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175:A child receiving
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19:
604:. 24 March 2022.
501:. 5 August 2021.
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106:.commonwealthfund
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185:Anna M. Harkness
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446:Yale University
257:Hill-Burton Act
210:medical schools
187:. The widow of
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807:External links
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201:Mary Harkness
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94:$ 700 million
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69:New York City
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56:Anna Harkness
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793:. Retrieved
789:the original
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768:. Retrieved
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743:. Retrieved
739:the original
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639:. Retrieved
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507:. Retrieved
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478:. Retrieved
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240:, including
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228:then-called
206:
193:Standard Oil
182:
131:
116:
115:
448:, 1921–1982
439:, 1981–1988
433:, 1981–1986
427:, 1960–1961
421:, 1969–1981
406:, 1971–1974
400:, 1957–1966
394:, 1972–1981
382:, 1984–1986
376:, 1920–1987
370:, 1967–1975
364:, 1977–1983
346:, 1974–1987
322:, 1972–1975
273:Nobel Prize
179:inoculation
838:Categories
795:2012-05-02
770:2012-05-02
745:2012-05-02
666:2012-05-02
641:2012-05-02
583:2012-05-02
480:2023-04-12
457:References
252:business.
80:Key people
90:Endowment
819:Archives
813:Official
764:Archived
660:Archived
635:Archived
612:29 March
606:Archived
577:Archived
545:Archived
503:Archived
474:Archived
269:Pap test
136:and the
62:Location
298:region.
156:in 1908
145:History
99:Website
52:Founder
42: (
34:Founded
717:
554:3 July
509:23 May
177:rabies
71:, U.S.
548:(PDF)
537:(PDF)
119:is a
715:ISBN
614:2022
556:2024
511:2022
220:and
134:OECD
108:.org
44:1918
37:1918
827:at
711:217
104:www
840::
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723:.
669:.
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616:.
586:.
558:.
513:.
483:.
46:)
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