147:
317:, which use quantum physics to enable algorithms that are impossible on classical computers (those using traditional circuitry). Another example is photonic processors, which use light to make computations instead of semiconducting electronics. Processing is done by photodetectors sensing light produced by lasers inside the processor.
236:. They are highly parallel, and CPUs usually perform better on tasks requiring serial processing. Although GPUs were originally intended for use in graphics, over time their application domains have expanded, and they have become an important piece of hardware for
167:, is the observation and projection via historical trend that the number of transistors in integrated circuits, and therefore processors by extension, doubles every two years. The progress of processors has followed Moore's law closely.
1045:
Sun, Chen; Wade, Mark T.; Lee, Yunsup; Orcutt, Jason S.; Alloatti, Luca; Georgas, Michael S.; Waterman, Andrew S.; Shainline, Jeffrey M.; Avizienis, Rimas R.; Lin, Sen; Moss, Benjamin R. (December 2015).
178:(CPUs) are the primary processors in most computers. They are designed to handle a wide variety of general computing tasks rather than only a few domain-specific tasks. If based on the
645:
Hills, Gage; Lau, Christian; Wright, Andrew; Fuller, Samuel; Bishop, Mindy D.; Srimani, Tathagata; Kanhaiya, Pritpal; Ho, Rebecca; Amer, Aya; Stein, Yosi; Murphy, Denis (2019-08-29).
299:(FPGAs) are specialized circuits that can be reconfigured for different purposes, rather than being locked into a particular application domain during manufacturing.
708:
Akinwande, Deji; Huyghebaert, Cedric; Wang, Ching-Hua; Serna, Martha I.; Goossens, Stijn; Li, Lain-Jong; Wong, H.-S. Philip; Koppens, Frank H. L. (2019-09-26).
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Traditional processors are typically based on silicon; however, researchers have developed experimental processors based on alternative materials such as
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1021:"Revolution in Gaming: Physics Processing Units (PPUs) Elevate Realism with Efficient Physics-Related Calculations -PCMasters.de"
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There are several forms of processors specialized for machine learning. These fall under the category of
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293:(PPUs) are built to efficiently make physics-related calculations, particularly in video games.
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442:"Reading: The Central Processing Unit | Introduction to Computer Applications and Concepts"
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Riel, Heike; Wernersson, Lars-Erik; Hong, Minghwei; del Alamo, JesĂşs A. (August 2014).
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Processors based on different circuit technology have been developed. One example is
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194:. In practice, CPUs in personal computers are usually also connected, through the
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This article is about the computer hardware. For software and systems uses, see
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Li, Ming-Yang; Su, Sheng-Kai; Wong, H.-S. Philip; Li, Lain-Jong (March 2019).
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1111:"Engineers demo first processor that uses light for ultrafast communications"
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787:"III–V compound semiconductor transistors—from planar to nanowire structures"
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647:"Modern microprocessor built from complementary carbon nanotube transistors"
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87:(CPU), the main processor in a system. However, it can also refer to other
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chips. In the past, processors were constructed using multiple individual
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228:(GPUs) are present in many computers and designed to efficiently perform
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1048:"Single-chip microprocessor that communicates directly using light"
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65:, which can be implemented on a single or a few tightly integrated
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772:"Using artificial intelligence to engineer materials' properties"
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710:"Graphene and two-dimensional materials for silicon technology"
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57:) that performs operations on an external data source, usually
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or some other data stream. It typically takes the form of a
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are DSPs specialized for processing images in particular.
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2902:
908:"quantum computer | Description & Facts | Britannica"
131:
932:"Experimental Implementation of Fast Quantum Searching"
479:
Garner, Robert; Dill, Frederick (Rick) (Winter 2010).
644:
277:(DSPs) are designed for processing digital signals.
610:
5136:
1044:
844:"How 2D semiconductors could extend Moore's law"
481:"The Legendary IBM 1401 Data Processing System"
273:are used for generating and processing audio.
3207:
3176:History of computing hardware (1960s–present)
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2643:
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1146:
83:The term is frequently used to refer to the
4212:Computer performance by orders of magnitude
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110:, and alloys made of elements from groups
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27:Electrical component for processing data
2375:Application-specific integrated circuit
2210:
14:
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606:"Comparative analysis of coprocessors"
604:Sakdhnagool, Putt (4 September 2018).
304:Synergistic Processing Element or Unit
138:) instead of only an on or off state.
3195:
2631:
2184:
1134:
997:"CPU vs. GPU: What's the Difference?"
4183:Floating-point operations per second
3181:List of pioneers in computer science
2310:Three-dimensional integrated circuit
1585:Three-dimensional integrated circuit
1108:
1366:Programmable unijunction transistor
306:(SPE or SPU) is a component in the
80:, or multiple integrated circuits.
24:
2322:Erasable programmable logic device
1267:Multi-gate field-effect transistor
488:IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine
347:Multiprocessor system architecture
25:
5161:
2357:Complex programmable logic device
1245:Insulated-gate bipolar transistor
634:– via Wiley Online Library.
388:All pages with titles containing
5109:Semiconductor device fabrication
1489:Heterostructure barrier varactor
1216:Chemical field-effect transistor
5084:History of general-purpose CPUs
3311:Nondeterministic Turing machine
2369:Field-programmable object array
2305:Mixed-signal integrated circuit
1537:Mixed-signal integrated circuit
1102:
1038:
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949:"Moore's law: computer science"
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3264:Deterministic finite automaton
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297:Field-programmable gate arrays
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1:
4055:Simultaneous and heterogenous
3171:History of computing hardware
2495:Hardware description language
2363:Field-programmable gate array
522:"IBM100 - The IBM 700 Series"
397:
4739:Integrated memory controller
4721:Translation lookaside buffer
3920:Memory dependence prediction
3363:Random-access stored program
3316:Probabilistic Turing machine
3039:Network interface controller
1568:Silicon controlled rectifier
1430:Organic light-emitting diode
1320:Diffused junction transistor
528:. 2012-03-07. Archived from
126:have been created; they use
53:is an electrical component (
7:
4195:Synaptic updates per second
2836:Refreshable braille display
2778:Refreshable braille display
2507:Formal equivalence checking
1372:Static induction transistor
1309:Bipolar junction transistor
1261:MOS field-effect transistor
1233:Fin field-effect transistor
575:"Oxford English Dictionary"
412:"Oxford English Dictionary"
357:Processor power dissipation
320:
10:
5166:
4599:Heterogeneous architecture
3521:Orthogonal instruction set
3291:Alternating Turing machine
3279:Quantum cellular automaton
2527:Hierarchical state machine
2485:Transaction-level modeling
1579:Static induction thyristor
1109:Yang, Sarah (2015-12-23).
869:10.1038/d41586-019-00793-8
182:, they contain at least a
29:
5089:Microprocessor chronology
5076:
5052:Dynamic frequency scaling
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4207:Cache performance metrics
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2428:Digital signal processing
2413:Logic in computer science
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2339:Programmable logic device
2299:Hybrid integrated circuit
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2116:
2016:
1983:
1915:
1852:
1780:
1748:(Hexode, Heptode, Octode)
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1500:Hybrid integrated circuit
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1392:
1343:Light-emitting transistor
1297:
1179:
1168:
734:10.1038/s41586-019-1573-9
671:10.1038/s41586-019-1493-8
446:courses.lumenlearning.com
275:Digital signal processors
226:Graphics processing units
153:over time, demonstrating
67:metal–oxide–semiconductor
5104:Hardware security module
4447:Digital signal processor
4424:Graphics processing unit
4236:Graphics processing unit
2440:Switching circuit theory
2345:Programmable Array Logic
2333:Programmable logic array
1795:Backward-wave oscillator
1505:Light emitting capacitor
1361:Point-contact transistor
1331:Junction Gate FET (JFET)
500:10.1109/MSSC.2009.935295
382:Von Neumann architecture
367:Graphics processing unit
291:Physics processing units
285:Deep learning processors
180:von Neumann architecture
176:Central processing units
170:
93:graphics processing unit
5057:Dynamic voltage scaling
4840:Memory address register
4734:Branch target predictor
4698:Address generation unit
4441:Physics processing unit
4230:Central processing unit
4189:Transactions per second
4177:Instructions per second
4100:Array processing (SIMT)
3244:Stored-program computer
2945:Central processing unit
2490:Register-transfer level
1806:Crossed-field amplifier
1325:Field-effect transistor
362:Central processing unit
279:Image signal processors
253:vision processing units
251:, or NPUs) and include
249:neural processing units
85:central processing unit
4863:Hardwired control unit
4745:Memory management unit
4710:Memory management unit
4459:Secure cryptoprocessor
4453:Tensor Processing Unit
4435:Vision processing unit
4169:Cycles per instruction
4163:Instructions per cycle
4110:Associative processing
3801:Instruction pipelining
3223:Processor technologies
2381:Tensor Processing Unit
1975:Voltage-regulator tube
1542:MOS integrated circuit
1407:Constant-current diode
1383:Unijunction transistor
261:Tensor Processing Unit
232:operations, including
157:
76:, multiple individual
4946:Sum-addressed decoder
4692:Arithmetic logic unit
3819:Classic RISC pipeline
3773:Epiphany architecture
3620:Motorola 68000 series
2596:Electronic literature
2550:Hardware acceleration
2418:Computer architecture
2316:Emitter-coupled logic
2253:Printed circuit board
2044:Electrolytic detector
1817:Inductive output tube
1633:Low-dropout regulator
1548:Organic semiconductor
1479:Printed circuit board
1315:Darlington transistor
1162:Electronic components
555:www.megaprocessor.com
377:Hardware acceleration
372:Superscalar processor
188:arithmetic logic unit
149:
128:quantum superposition
32:Processor § Computing
5067:Performance per watt
4645:replacement policies
4311:Package on a package
4201:Performance per watt
4105:Pipelined processing
3875:Tomasulo's algorithm
3680:Clipper architecture
3536:Application-specific
3249:Finite-state machine
2522:Finite-state machine
2500:High-level synthesis
2435:Circuit minimization
1862:Beam deflection tube
1531:Metal-oxide varistor
1424:Light-emitting diode
1278:Thin-film transistor
1239:Floating-gate MOSFET
803:10.1557/mrs.2014.137
466:"The Silicon Engine"
352:Multi-core processor
5145:Digital electronics
5099:Digital electronics
4752:Instruction decoder
4704:Floating-point unit
4358:Soft microprocessor
4305:System in a package
3880:Reservation station
3410:Transport-triggered
2569:Digital photography
2351:Generic Array Logic
2273:Combinational logic
2248:Printed electronics
2212:Digital electronics
1838:Traveling-wave tube
1638:Switching regulator
1474:Printed electronics
1451:Step recovery diode
1228:Depletion-load NMOS
1072:10.1038/nature16454
1064:2015Natur.528..534S
860:2019Natur.567..169L
774:. 11 February 2019.
726:2019Natur.573..507A
663:2019Natur.572..595H
192:processor registers
4971:Integrated circuit
4815:Processor register
4469:Baseband processor
3814:Operand forwarding
3274:Cellular automaton
2517:Asynchronous logic
2293:Integrated circuit
2258:Electronic circuit
2143:Crystal oscillator
2003:Variable capacitor
1678:Switched capacitor
1620:Voltage regulators
1494:Integrated circuit
1378:Tetrode transistor
1356:Pentode transistor
1349:Organic LET (OLET)
1336:Organic FET (OFET)
912:www.britannica.com
315:quantum processors
158:
124:Quantum processors
70:integrated circuit
18:Computer processor
5150:Electronic design
5132:
5131:
5021:
5020:
4640:Instruction cache
4630:Scratchpad memory
4477:
4476:
4464:Network processor
4393:Network on a chip
4348:Ultra-low-voltage
4299:Multi-chip module
4142:
4141:
3928:
3927:
3915:Branch prediction
3892:Register renaming
3786:
3785:
3768:VISC architecture
3590:Quantum computing
3585:VISC architecture
3467:Secondary storage
3383:Microarchitecture
3343:Register machines
3189:
3188:
3159:
3158:
3089:Analog audio jack
2810:
2809:
2625:
2624:
2574:Digital telephone
2545:Computer hardware
2512:Synchronous logic
2178:
2177:
2138:Ceramic resonator
1950:Mercury-arc valve
1902:Video camera tube
1854:Cathode-ray tubes
1614:
1613:
1222:Complementary MOS
1058:(7583): 534–538.
854:(7747): 169–170.
720:(7775): 507–518.
657:(7771): 595–602.
585:on March 25, 2020
422:on March 25, 2020
230:computer graphics
208:permanent storage
16:(Redirected from
5157:
5094:Processor design
4986:Power management
4868:Instruction unit
4729:Branch predictor
4678:
4677:
4376:System on a chip
4318:
4317:
4158:Transistor count
4082:Flynn's taxonomy
3939:
3938:
3797:
3796:
3600:Addressing modes
3511:
3510:
3457:Memory hierarchy
3321:Hypercomputation
3239:Abstract machine
3216:
3209:
3202:
3193:
3192:
3064:
3063:
2715:Optical trackpad
2680:Pointing devices
2676:
2675:
2652:
2645:
2638:
2629:
2628:
2278:Sequential logic
2205:
2198:
2191:
2182:
2181:
2032:electrical power
1917:Gas-filled tubes
1801:Cavity magnetron
1628:Linear regulator
1177:
1176:
1155:
1148:
1141:
1132:
1131:
1125:
1124:
1122:
1121:
1106:
1100:
1099:
1042:
1036:
1035:
1033:
1032:
1017:
1011:
1010:
1008:
1007:
993:
987:
986:
984:
983:
969:
963:
962:
960:
959:
945:
939:
938:
936:
928:
922:
921:
919:
918:
904:
898:
897:
871:
839:
833:
832:
814:
782:
776:
775:
768:
762:
761:
705:
699:
698:
642:
636:
635:
625:
623:10.1002/cpe.4756
601:
595:
594:
592:
590:
581:. Archived from
571:
565:
564:
562:
561:
547:
541:
540:
538:
537:
532:on April 3, 2012
518:
512:
511:
485:
476:
470:
469:
462:
456:
455:
453:
452:
438:
432:
431:
429:
427:
418:. Archived from
408:
393:
332:Processor design
310:microprocessor.
238:machine learning
151:Transistor count
100:carbon nanotubes
43:computer science
21:
5165:
5164:
5160:
5159:
5158:
5156:
5155:
5154:
5135:
5134:
5133:
5128:
5114:Tick–tock model
5072:
5028:
5017:
4957:
4941:Address decoder
4895:
4849:
4845:Program counter
4820:Status register
4801:
4756:
4716:Load–store unit
4683:
4676:
4603:
4572:
4473:
4430:Image processor
4405:
4398:
4368:
4362:
4338:Microcontroller
4328:Embedded system
4316:
4216:
4149:
4138:
4076:
4026:
3924:
3901:
3885:Re-order buffer
3856:
3837:Data dependency
3823:
3782:
3612:
3606:
3505:
3504:Instruction set
3498:
3484:Multiprocessing
3452:Cache hierarchy
3445:Register/memory
3369:
3269:Queue automaton
3225:
3220:
3190:
3185:
3155:
3103:
3053:
2931:
2925:USB flash drive
2874:
2867:
2806:
2739:
2693:Game controller
2688:Graphics tablet
2665:
2656:
2626:
2621:
2600:
2533:
2468:Place and route
2463:Logic synthesis
2449:
2445:Gate equivalent
2408:Logic synthesis
2403:Boolean algebra
2386:
2328:Macrocell array
2288:Boolean circuit
2214:
2209:
2179:
2174:
2112:
2027:audio and video
2012:
1979:
1911:
1848:
1776:
1757:Photomultiplier
1682:
1610:
1558:Quantum circuit
1466:
1460:
1402:Avalanche diode
1388:
1300:
1293:
1182:
1171:
1164:
1159:
1129:
1128:
1119:
1117:
1107:
1103:
1043:
1039:
1030:
1028:
1019:
1018:
1014:
1005:
1003:
995:
994:
990:
981:
979:
971:
970:
966:
957:
955:
947:
946:
942:
934:
930:
929:
925:
916:
914:
906:
905:
901:
840:
836:
783:
779:
770:
769:
765:
706:
702:
643:
639:
602:
598:
588:
586:
573:
572:
568:
559:
557:
551:"Megaprocessor"
549:
548:
544:
535:
533:
520:
519:
515:
483:
477:
473:
464:
463:
459:
450:
448:
440:
439:
435:
425:
423:
410:
409:
405:
400:
390:processing unit
386:
342:Multiprocessing
323:
247:(also known as
245:AI accelerators
173:
144:
55:digital circuit
51:processing unit
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5163:
5153:
5152:
5147:
5130:
5129:
5127:
5126:
5121:
5119:Pin grid array
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5080:
5078:
5074:
5073:
5071:
5070:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5033:
5031:
5023:
5022:
5019:
5018:
5016:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4989:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4967:
4965:
4959:
4958:
4956:
4955:
4953:Barrel shifter
4950:
4949:
4948:
4943:
4936:Binary decoder
4933:
4932:
4931:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4905:
4903:
4897:
4896:
4894:
4893:
4888:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4859:
4857:
4851:
4850:
4848:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4825:Stack register
4822:
4817:
4811:
4809:
4803:
4802:
4800:
4799:
4798:
4797:
4792:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4766:
4764:
4758:
4757:
4755:
4754:
4749:
4748:
4747:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4725:
4724:
4718:
4707:
4701:
4695:
4688:
4686:
4675:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4653:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4617:
4611:
4609:
4605:
4604:
4602:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4580:
4578:
4574:
4573:
4571:
4570:
4569:
4568:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4487:
4485:
4479:
4478:
4475:
4474:
4472:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4450:
4444:
4438:
4432:
4427:
4421:
4419:AI accelerator
4416:
4410:
4408:
4400:
4399:
4397:
4396:
4390:
4385:
4382:Multiprocessor
4379:
4372:
4370:
4364:
4363:
4361:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4333:Microprocessor
4330:
4324:
4322:
4321:By application
4315:
4314:
4308:
4302:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4264:Tile processor
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4245:
4244:
4233:
4226:
4224:
4218:
4217:
4215:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4198:
4192:
4186:
4180:
4174:
4173:
4172:
4160:
4154:
4152:
4144:
4143:
4140:
4139:
4137:
4136:
4135:
4134:
4124:
4119:
4118:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4092:
4086:
4084:
4078:
4077:
4075:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4058:
4057:
4052:
4050:Hyperthreading
4042:
4036:
4034:
4032:Multithreading
4028:
4027:
4025:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4013:
4012:
4002:
4001:
4000:
3995:
3985:
3984:
3983:
3978:
3968:
3963:
3962:
3961:
3956:
3945:
3943:
3936:
3930:
3929:
3926:
3925:
3923:
3922:
3917:
3911:
3909:
3903:
3902:
3900:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3888:
3887:
3882:
3872:
3866:
3864:
3858:
3857:
3855:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3833:
3831:
3825:
3824:
3822:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3809:Pipeline stall
3805:
3803:
3794:
3788:
3787:
3784:
3783:
3781:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3762:
3761:
3760:
3758:z/Architecture
3755:
3750:
3745:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3676:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3616:
3614:
3608:
3607:
3605:
3604:
3603:
3602:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3561:
3560:
3550:
3549:
3548:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3517:
3515:
3508:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3470:
3469:
3464:
3462:Virtual memory
3454:
3449:
3448:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3401:
3400:
3390:
3385:
3379:
3377:
3371:
3370:
3368:
3367:
3366:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3329:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3286:Turing machine
3283:
3282:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3246:
3241:
3235:
3233:
3227:
3226:
3219:
3218:
3211:
3204:
3196:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3167:
3165:
3161:
3160:
3157:
3156:
3154:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3111:
3109:
3105:
3104:
3102:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3070:
3068:
3061:
3055:
3054:
3052:
3051:
3049:Expansion card
3046:
3041:
3036:
3035:
3034:
3029:
3019:
3018:
3017:
3007:
3006:
3005:
3000:
2986:
2976:
2975:
2974:
2969:
2959:
2954:
2953:
2952:
2950:Microprocessor
2941:
2939:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2929:
2928:
2927:
2922:
2912:
2911:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2890:
2885:
2879:
2877:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2849:
2848:
2838:
2833:
2832:
2831:
2820:
2818:
2816:Output devices
2812:
2811:
2808:
2807:
2805:
2804:
2803:
2802:
2792:
2791:
2790:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2769:
2768:
2758:
2753:
2747:
2745:
2741:
2740:
2738:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2720:Pointing stick
2717:
2712:
2711:
2710:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2684:
2682:
2673:
2667:
2666:
2655:
2654:
2647:
2640:
2632:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2619:
2614:
2608:
2606:
2602:
2601:
2599:
2598:
2593:
2592:
2591:
2586:
2584:cinematography
2576:
2571:
2566:
2565:
2564:
2554:
2553:
2552:
2541:
2539:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2531:
2530:
2529:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2503:
2502:
2497:
2487:
2482:
2481:
2480:
2475:
2465:
2459:
2457:
2451:
2450:
2448:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2431:
2430:
2423:Digital signal
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2398:Digital signal
2394:
2392:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2384:
2378:
2372:
2366:
2360:
2354:
2348:
2342:
2336:
2330:
2325:
2319:
2313:
2307:
2302:
2296:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2224:
2222:
2216:
2215:
2208:
2207:
2200:
2193:
2185:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2172:
2171:
2170:
2165:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2134:
2133:
2122:
2120:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2110:
2109:
2108:
2106:Wollaston wire
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2072:
2071:
2066:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2040:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2020:
2018:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1999:
1998:
1987:
1985:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1921:
1919:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1887:Selectron tube
1884:
1879:
1877:Magic eye tube
1874:
1869:
1864:
1858:
1856:
1850:
1849:
1847:
1846:
1841:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1814:
1809:
1803:
1798:
1791:
1789:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1692:
1690:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1624:
1622:
1616:
1615:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1582:
1576:
1571:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1539:
1534:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1502:
1497:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1470:
1468:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1446:Schottky diode
1443:
1438:
1433:
1427:
1421:
1415:
1410:
1404:
1398:
1396:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1386:
1380:
1375:
1369:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1352:
1351:
1340:
1339:
1338:
1333:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1305:
1303:
1295:
1294:
1292:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1275:
1270:
1264:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1242:
1236:
1230:
1225:
1219:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1187:
1185:
1174:
1166:
1165:
1158:
1157:
1150:
1143:
1135:
1127:
1126:
1101:
1037:
1012:
988:
964:
953:Britannica.com
940:
923:
899:
834:
797:(8): 668–677.
777:
763:
700:
637:
596:
566:
542:
526:www-03.ibm.com
513:
471:
457:
433:
402:
401:
399:
396:
395:
394:
384:
379:
374:
369:
364:
359:
354:
349:
344:
339:
337:Microprocessor
334:
329:
322:
319:
234:linear algebra
172:
169:
163:, named after
143:
140:
120:periodic table
63:microprocessor
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5162:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5142:
5140:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5081:
5079:
5075:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5034:
5032:
5030:
5024:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4973:
4972:
4969:
4968:
4966:
4964:
4960:
4954:
4951:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4939:
4938:
4937:
4934:
4930:
4927:
4926:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4914:Demultiplexer
4912:
4910:
4907:
4906:
4904:
4902:
4898:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4860:
4858:
4856:
4852:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4835:Memory buffer
4833:
4831:
4830:Register file
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4812:
4810:
4808:
4804:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4787:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4770:Combinational
4768:
4767:
4765:
4763:
4759:
4753:
4750:
4746:
4743:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4705:
4702:
4699:
4696:
4693:
4690:
4689:
4687:
4685:
4679:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4622:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
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4325:
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4319:
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4309:
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4300:
4297:
4295:
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4287:
4285:
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4280:
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4260:
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4225:
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4145:
4133:
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4125:
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4108:
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4098:
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4018:
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4008:
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4003:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3990:
3989:
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3979:
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3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3877:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3870:Scoreboarding
3868:
3867:
3865:
3863:
3859:
3853:
3852:False sharing
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3834:
3832:
3830:
3826:
3820:
3817:
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3806:
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3789:
3779:
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3754:
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3736:
3733:
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3718:
3716:
3713:
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3708:
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3698:
3696:
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3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3660:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3645:Stanford MIPS
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3617:
3615:
3609:
3601:
3598:
3597:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
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3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3559:
3556:
3555:
3554:
3551:
3547:
3544:
3543:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3518:
3516:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3506:architectures
3501:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3474:Heterogeneous
3472:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3459:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3427:
3426:
3425:Memory access
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3399:
3396:
3395:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3380:
3378:
3376:
3372:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3358:Random-access
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3345:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3338:Stack machine
3336:
3334:
3331:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3288:
3287:
3284:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3254:with datapath
3252:
3251:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3232:
3228:
3224:
3217:
3212:
3210:
3205:
3203:
3198:
3197:
3194:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3168:
3166:
3162:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3121:Parallel port
3119:
3116:
3113:
3112:
3110:
3106:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3056:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3024:
3023:
3020:
3016:
3013:
3012:
3011:
3008:
3004:
3001:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2981:
2980:
2977:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2964:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2951:
2948:
2947:
2946:
2943:
2942:
2940:
2938:
2937:Computer case
2934:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2917:
2916:
2913:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2895:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2876:
2870:
2864:
2863:Graphics card
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2847:
2844:
2843:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2830:
2827:
2826:
2825:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2817:
2813:
2801:
2798:
2797:
2796:
2793:
2789:
2786:
2785:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2767:
2764:
2763:
2762:
2761:Graphics card
2759:
2757:
2756:Image scanner
2754:
2752:
2749:
2748:
2746:
2742:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2709:
2706:
2705:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2681:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2671:Input devices
2668:
2664:
2661:
2653:
2648:
2646:
2641:
2639:
2634:
2633:
2630:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2612:Metastability
2610:
2609:
2607:
2605:Design issues
2603:
2597:
2594:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2581:
2580:
2579:Digital video
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2563:
2560:
2559:
2558:
2557:Digital audio
2555:
2551:
2548:
2547:
2546:
2543:
2542:
2540:
2536:
2528:
2525:
2524:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2492:
2491:
2488:
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2483:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2470:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2452:
2446:
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2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
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2426:
2425:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2395:
2393:
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2382:
2379:
2376:
2373:
2370:
2367:
2364:
2361:
2358:
2355:
2352:
2349:
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2343:
2340:
2337:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2323:
2320:
2317:
2314:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2300:
2297:
2294:
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2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2206:
2201:
2199:
2194:
2192:
2187:
2186:
2183:
2169:
2168:mercury relay
2166:
2164:
2161:
2160:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2132:
2129:
2128:
2127:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2115:
2107:
2104:
2103:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2061:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2015:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1992:
1991:Potentiometer
1989:
1988:
1986:
1982:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1914:
1908:
1907:Williams tube
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1851:
1845:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1796:
1793:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1726:Fleming valve
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1685:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1617:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1553:Photodetector
1551:
1549:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1521:Memtransistor
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1469:
1463:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1391:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1350:
1347:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1296:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:Semiconductor
1167:
1163:
1156:
1151:
1149:
1144:
1142:
1137:
1136:
1133:
1116:
1115:Berkeley News
1112:
1105:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1041:
1026:
1022:
1016:
1002:
998:
992:
978:
974:
973:"Moore's Law"
968:
954:
950:
944:
933:
927:
913:
909:
903:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
870:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
838:
830:
826:
822:
818:
813:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
781:
773:
767:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
704:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
641:
633:
629:
624:
619:
615:
611:
607:
600:
584:
580:
576:
570:
556:
552:
546:
531:
527:
523:
517:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
482:
475:
467:
461:
447:
443:
437:
421:
417:
413:
407:
403:
392:
391:
385:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
330:
328:
325:
324:
318:
316:
311:
309:
305:
300:
298:
294:
292:
288:
286:
282:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
241:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
168:
166:
162:
156:
152:
148:
139:
137:
133:
130:to represent
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
96:
94:
90:
86:
81:
79:
75:
71:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
33:
19:
5124:Chip carrier
5062:Clock gating
4981:Mixed-signal
4878:Write buffer
4855:Control unit
4667:Clock signal
4406:accelerators
4388:Cypress PSoC
4221:
4045:Simultaneous
3862:Out-of-order
3494:Neuromorphic
3375:Architecture
3333:Belt machine
3326:Zeno machine
3259:Hierarchical
3222:
3027:Power MOSFET
3010:Power supply
2979:Data storage
2915:Flash memory
2893:Optical disc
2875:data storage
2538:Applications
1925:Cold cathode
1892:Storage tube
1782:Vacuum tubes
1731:Neutron tube
1706:Beam tetrode
1688:Vacuum tubes
1273:Power MOSFET
1118:. Retrieved
1114:
1104:
1055:
1051:
1040:
1029:. Retrieved
1024:
1015:
1004:. Retrieved
1000:
991:
980:. Retrieved
977:www.umsl.edu
976:
967:
956:. Retrieved
952:
943:
926:
915:. Retrieved
911:
902:
851:
847:
837:
812:1721.1/99977
794:
791:MRS Bulletin
790:
780:
766:
717:
713:
703:
654:
650:
640:
613:
609:
599:
587:. Retrieved
583:the original
578:
569:
558:. Retrieved
554:
545:
534:. Retrieved
530:the original
525:
516:
494:(1): 28–39.
491:
487:
474:
460:
449:. Retrieved
445:
436:
424:. Retrieved
420:the original
415:
406:
389:
312:
301:
295:
289:
283:
265:
242:
224:
214:, such as a
184:control unit
174:
165:Gordon Moore
159:
97:
91:, such as a
89:coprocessors
82:
74:vacuum tubes
50:
46:
36:
4909:Multiplexer
4873:Data buffer
4584:Single-core
4556:bit slicing
4414:Coprocessor
4269:Coprocessor
4150:performance
4072:Cooperative
4062:Speculative
4022:Distributed
3981:Superscalar
3966:Instruction
3934:Parallelism
3907:Speculative
3739:System/3x0
3611:Instruction
3388:Von Neumann
3301:Post–Turing
3126:Serial port
3117:(IEEE 1394)
3094:DisplayPort
3084:Thunderbolt
2957:Motherboard
2920:Memory card
2888:Floppy disk
2730:Touchscreen
2268:Memory cell
2091:Transformer
1833:Sutton tube
1673:Charge pump
1526:Memory cell
1456:Zener diode
1418:Laser diode
1301:transistors
1183:transistors
1027:(in German)
271:sound cards
267:Sound chips
255:(VPUs) and
212:peripherals
200:main memory
196:motherboard
190:(ALU), and
161:Moore's law
155:Moore's law
142:Moore's law
78:transistors
5139:Categories
5029:management
4924:Multiplier
4785:Logic gate
4775:Sequential
4682:Functional
4662:Clock rate
4635:Data cache
4608:Components
4589:Multi-core
4577:Core count
4067:Preemptive
3971:Pipelining
3954:Bit-serial
3897:Wide-issue
3842:Structural
3764:Tilera ISA
3730:MicroBlaze
3700:ETRAX CRIS
3595:Comparison
3440:Load–store
3420:Endianness
2873:Removable
2858:Sound card
2788:Sound chip
2783:Sound card
2773:Microphone
2663:components
2617:Runt pulse
2589:television
2283:Logic gate
2228:Transistor
2220:Components
2163:reed relay
2153:Parametron
2086:Thermistor
2064:resettable
2023:Connector
1984:Adjustable
1960:Nixie tube
1930:Crossatron
1897:Trochotron
1872:Iconoscope
1867:Charactron
1844:X-ray tube
1716:Compactron
1696:Acorn tube
1653:Buck–boost
1574:Solaristor
1436:Photodiode
1413:Gunn diode
1409:(CLD, CRD)
1191:Transistor
1120:2022-01-28
1031:2023-08-10
1006:2022-02-27
982:2022-01-28
958:2022-01-28
917:2022-01-28
560:2022-01-28
536:2022-01-28
451:2022-01-28
398:References
327:Logic gate
204:hard drive
4963:Circuitry
4883:Microcode
4807:Registers
4650:coherence
4625:CPU cache
4483:Word size
4148:Processor
3792:Execution
3695:DEC Alpha
3673:Power ISA
3489:Cognitive
3296:Universal
3136:PS/2 port
3131:Game port
3044:Fax modem
2883:Disk pack
2735:Trackball
2698:Light pen
2473:Placement
2263:Flip-flop
2243:Capacitor
2126:Capacitor
1970:Trigatron
1965:Thyratron
1955:Neon lamp
1882:Monoscope
1762:Phototube
1746:Pentagrid
1711:Barretter
1596:Trancitor
1591:Thyristor
1516:Memristor
1441:PIN diode
1218:(ChemFET)
1096:205247044
1080:0028-0836
1025:PCMasters
878:0028-0836
829:138353703
821:0883-7694
758:202762945
742:0028-0836
695:201658375
679:0028-0836
206:or other
186:(CU), an
47:processor
39:computing
4901:Datapath
4594:Manycore
4566:variable
4404:Hardware
4040:Temporal
3720:OpenRISC
3415:Cellular
3405:Dataflow
3398:modified
3115:FireWire
3108:Obsolete
3074:Ethernet
2853:Speakers
2751:Keyboard
2725:Touchpad
2660:computer
2238:Inductor
2233:Resistor
2148:Inductor
2118:Reactive
2096:Varistor
2076:Resistor
2054:Antifuse
1940:Ignitron
1935:Dekatron
1823:Klystron
1812:Gyrotron
1741:Nuvistor
1658:Split-pi
1544:(MOS IC)
1511:Memistor
1269:(MuGFET)
1263:(MOSFET)
1235:(FinFET)
1088:26701054
894:75136648
886:30862924
750:31554977
687:31462796
632:54473111
589:25 March
508:31608817
426:25 March
321:See also
216:keyboard
134:(called
104:graphene
5077:Related
5008:Quantum
4998:Digital
4993:Boolean
4891:Counter
4790:Quantum
4551:512-bit
4546:256-bit
4541:128-bit
4384:(MPSoC)
4369:on chip
4367:Systems
4185:(FLOPS)
3998:Process
3847:Control
3829:Hazards
3715:Itanium
3710:Unicore
3668:PowerPC
3393:Harvard
3353:Pointer
3348:Counter
3306:Quantum
3164:Related
3067:Current
2908:Blu-ray
2846:Plotter
2841:Printer
2824:Monitor
2800:Softcam
2708:Optical
2478:Routing
2312:(3D IC)
2049:Ferrite
2017:Passive
2008:Varicap
1996:digital
1945:Krytron
1767:Tetrode
1752:Pentode
1606:Varicap
1587:(3D IC)
1563:RF CMOS
1467:devices
1241:(FGMOS)
1172:devices
1060:Bibcode
856:Bibcode
722:Bibcode
659:Bibcode
263:(TPU).
198:, to a
118:of the
108:diamond
95:(GPU).
5013:Switch
5003:Analog
4741:(IMC)
4712:(MMU)
4561:others
4536:64-bit
4531:48-bit
4526:32-bit
4521:24-bit
4516:16-bit
4511:15-bit
4506:12-bit
4343:Mobile
4259:Stream
4254:Barrel
4249:Vector
4238:(GPU)
4197:(SUPS)
4165:(IPC)
4017:Memory
4010:Vector
3993:Thread
3976:Scalar
3778:Others
3725:RISC-V
3690:SuperH
3659:Power
3655:MIPS-X
3630:PDP-11
3479:Fabric
3231:Models
3022:MOSFET
2962:Memory
2829:Screen
2795:Webcam
2658:Basic
2455:Design
2391:Theory
2377:(ASIC)
2371:(FPOA)
2365:(FPGA)
2359:(CPLD)
2324:(EPLD)
2081:Switch
1772:Triode
1736:Nonode
1701:Audion
1581:(SITh)
1465:Other
1432:(OLED)
1394:Diodes
1345:(LET)
1327:(FET)
1299:Other
1247:(IGBT)
1224:(CMOS)
1211:BioFET
1206:BiCMOS
1094:
1086:
1078:
1052:Nature
892:
884:
876:
848:Nature
827:
819:
756:
748:
740:
714:Nature
693:
685:
677:
651:Nature
630:
579:Lexico
506:
416:Lexico
257:Google
210:, and
202:bank,
136:qubits
59:memory
5069:(PPW)
5027:Power
4919:Adder
4795:Array
4762:Logic
4723:(TLB)
4706:(FPU)
4700:(AGU)
4694:(ALU)
4684:units
4620:Cache
4501:8-bit
4496:4-bit
4491:1-bit
4455:(TPU)
4449:(DSP)
4443:(PPU)
4437:(VPU)
4426:(GPU)
4395:(NoC)
4378:(SoC)
4313:(PoP)
4307:(SiP)
4301:(MCM)
4242:GPGPU
4232:(CPU)
4222:Types
4203:(PPW)
4191:(TPS)
4179:(IPS)
4171:(CPI)
3942:Level
3753:S/390
3748:S/370
3743:S/360
3685:SPARC
3663:POWER
3546:TRIPS
3514:Types
3141:eSATA
3059:Ports
2744:Other
2703:Mouse
2562:radio
2383:(TPU)
2353:(GAL)
2347:(PAL)
2341:(PLD)
2335:(PLA)
2318:(ECL)
2301:(HIC)
2158:Relay
2131:types
2069:eFUSE
1840:(TWT)
1828:Maser
1819:(IOT)
1808:(CFA)
1797:(BWO)
1721:Diode
1668:SEPIC
1648:Boost
1601:TRIAC
1570:(SCR)
1533:(MOV)
1507:(LEC)
1426:(LED)
1385:(UJT)
1374:(SIT)
1368:(PUT)
1311:(BJT)
1280:(TFT)
1256:LDMOS
1251:ISFET
1092:S2CID
1001:Intel
935:(PDF)
890:S2CID
825:S2CID
754:S2CID
691:S2CID
628:S2CID
616:(1).
504:S2CID
484:(PDF)
220:mouse
171:Types
112:three
5047:ACPI
4780:Glue
4672:FIFO
4615:Core
4353:ASIP
4294:CPLD
4289:FPOA
4284:FPGA
4279:ASIC
4132:SPMD
4127:MIMD
4122:MISD
4115:SWAR
4095:SIMD
4090:SISD
4005:Data
3988:Task
3959:Word
3705:M32R
3650:MIPS
3613:sets
3580:ZISC
3575:NISC
3570:OISC
3565:MISC
3558:EPIC
3553:VLIW
3541:EDGE
3531:RISC
3526:CISC
3435:HUMA
3430:NUMA
3099:HDMI
3015:SMPS
3003:SSHD
2997:NVMe
2993:SATA
2972:BIOS
2295:(IC)
2101:Wire
2059:Fuse
1643:Buck
1496:(IC)
1484:DIAC
1420:(LD)
1289:UMOS
1284:VMOS
1201:PMOS
1196:NMOS
1181:MOS
1084:PMID
1076:ISSN
882:PMID
874:ISSN
817:ISSN
746:PMID
738:ISSN
683:PMID
675:ISSN
591:2020
428:2020
308:Cell
302:The
269:and
218:and
132:bits
116:five
114:and
45:, a
41:and
5042:APM
5037:PMU
4929:CPU
4886:ROM
4657:Bus
4274:PAL
3949:Bit
3735:LMC
3640:ARM
3635:x86
3625:VAX
3151:VGA
3146:DVI
3079:USB
3032:VRM
2989:SSD
2984:HDD
2967:RAM
2903:DVD
2766:GPU
1663:Ćuk
1068:doi
1056:528
864:doi
852:567
807:hdl
799:doi
730:doi
718:573
667:doi
655:572
618:doi
496:doi
259:'s
49:or
37:In
5141::
4976:3D
2995:/
2898:CD
2037:RF
1786:RF
1113:.
1090:.
1082:.
1074:.
1066:.
1054:.
1050:.
1023:.
999:.
975:.
951:.
910:.
888:.
880:.
872:.
862:.
850:.
846:.
823:.
815:.
805:.
795:39
793:.
789:.
752:.
744:.
736:.
728:.
716:.
712:.
689:.
681:.
673:.
665:.
653:.
649:.
626:.
614:31
612:.
608:.
577:.
553:.
524:.
502:.
490:.
486:.
444:.
414:.
240:.
222:.
106:,
102:,
3215:e
3208:t
3201:v
2999:)
2991:(
2651:e
2644:t
2637:v
2204:e
2197:t
2190:v
1788:)
1784:(
1154:e
1147:t
1140:v
1123:.
1098:.
1070::
1062::
1034:.
1009:.
985:.
961:.
937:.
920:.
896:.
866::
858::
831:.
809::
801::
760:.
732::
724::
697:.
669::
661::
620::
593:.
563:.
539:.
510:.
498::
492:2
468:.
454:.
430:.
34:.
20:)
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