4016:(Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. 1998) at pp. 148–149 (Belz further argues: "Constitutionalism shapes political life in a variety of ways. Constitutional principles can become matters of commitment and belief possessing intrinsic value that motivate political action.... When citizens and governing officials internalize constitutional values, acting out of fidelity to law rather than expediency, constitutionalism gives direction to political life. Constitutionalism has a configurative effect also in providing the forms, rhetoric, and symbols by which politics is carried on. Political groups and individuals ordinarily try to choose courses of action that are consistent with or required by the Constitution. They do so not because they are in each instance committed to the constitutional principle or value at issue... because they know that the public takes the Constitution seriously, believing that it embodies fundamental values and formal procedures that are the touchstone of political legitimacy. In American politics the Constitution is a justifying concept, and groups that invoke constitutional arguments do so, from their own perspective perhaps and in an immediate sense, instrumentally. Considered from an external and long-range view in relation to the polity as a whole, however, reliance on constitutional principles and rules is normative and noninstrumental. In this way constitutionalism shapes political events")
3609:, (David Fellman, "Constitutionalism"), vol 1, pp. 485, 491–492 (1973–74) ("Whatever particular form of government a constitution delineates, however, it serves as the keystone of the arch of constitutionalism, except in those countries whose written constitutions are mere sham. Constitutionalism as a theory and in practice stands for the principle that there are—in a properly governed state—limitations upon those who exercise the powers of government, and that these limitations are spelled out in a body of higher law which is enforceable in a variety of ways, political and judicial. This is by no means a modern idea, for the concept of a higher law which spells out the basic norms of a political society is as old as Western civilization. That there are standards of rightness which transcend and control public officials, even current popular majorities, represents a critically significant element of man's endless quest for the good life.")
2936:
2881:
ideas of individual freedoms and privileges through colonial charters and legal understandings. Then in carrying the story forward, he identifies revolutionary declarations and constitutions, documents and judicial decisions of the
Confederation period and the formation of the federal Constitution. Finally, he turns to the debates over the federal Constitution's ratification that ultimately provided mounting pressure for a federal bill of rights. While hardly presenting a straight line, the account illustrates the historical struggle to recognize and enshrine constitutional rights and principles in a constitutional order.
3060:, constitutionalism "should not be taken to mean that if a state has a constitution, it is necessarily committed to the idea of constitutionalism. In a very real sense... every state may be said to have a constitution, since every state has institutions which are at the very least expected to be permanent, and every state has established ways of doing things". But even with a "formal written document labelled 'constitution' which includes the provisions customarily found in such a document, it does not follow that it is committed to constitutionalism...."
2744:
3123:
3014:" or "democratic constitutionalism."... But I think it is worth setting out a stark version of the antipathy between constitutionalism and democratic or popular self-government, if only because that will help us to measure more clearly the extent to which a new and mature theory of constitutional law takes proper account of the constitutional burden of ensuring that the people are not disenfranchised by the very document that is supposed to give them their power.
2768:
1670:
1658:
57:
2756:
3250:
2915:
peace, taxation and representation, and "questions of constitutionalism —how to identify the collective sovereign, what powers the sovereign possessed, and how one recognized when that sovereign acted." He noted that "questions of constitutionalism could not be answered by reference to given constitutional text or even judicial opinions" but were "open-ended questions drawing upon competing views".
2993:. The United Kingdom has had basic laws limiting governmental power for centuries. Historically, there has been little political support for introducing a comprehensive written or codified constitution in the UK. However, several commentators and reformers have argued for a new British Bill of Rights to provide liberty, democracy and the rule of law with more effective constitutional protection.
3064:
constitutional construction notes that "constitutionalism... ought to be recognized as a distinctive ideology and approach to political life.... Constitutionalism not only establishes the institutional and intellectual framework, but it also supplies much of the rhetorical currency with which political transactions are carried on." Similarly, Georgetown
University Law Center Professor
3140:, usually written," analysts take a variety of positions on what the constitution means. For instance, they describe the document as a document that may specify its relation to statutes, treaties, executive and judicial actions, and the constitutions or laws of regional jurisdictions. This prescriptive use of Constitutionalism is also concerned with the
3069:
extremely aggressive use of legal argument and rhetoric" and as a result "powerful legal actors are willing to advance arguments previously thought out-of-bounds. They have, in short, used legal reasoning to do exactly what crits claim legal reasoning always does—put the lipstick of disinterested constitutionalism on the pig of raw politics."
2858:
do anything they please in any manner they choose; they are bound to observe both the limitations on power and the procedures which are set out in the supreme, constitutional law of the community. It may therefore be said that the touchstone of constitutionalism is the concept of limited government under a higher law.
4117:(Cambridge University Press, 2008). p. 284 ("Invariably, the state constitutional tradition is deemed less authentic because of its departure from the federal model. This has led to the assumption that one need only study the federal Constitution to discover what American constitutionalism was then and is today.")
3101:
There is a rich tradition of state constitutionalism that offers broader insight into constitutionalism in the United States. While state constitutions and the federal constitution operate differently as a function of federalism from the coexistence and interplay of governments at both a national and
3097:
In U.S. history, constitutionalism, in both its descriptive and prescriptive sense, has traditionally focused on the federal constitution. Indeed, a routine assumption of many scholars has been that understanding "American constitutionalism" necessarily entails the thought that went into the drafting
2857:
as opposed to rule by the arbitrary judgment or mere fiat of public officials ... Throughout the literature dealing with modern public law and the foundations of statecraft the central element of the concept of constitutionalism is that in political society government officials are not free to
3392:
calls "the first constitution of its kind in Europe", was in effect for only a year. It was designed to redress longstanding political defects of the Polish–Lithuanian
Commonwealth and its traditional system of "Golden Liberty". The Constitution introduced political equality between townspeople and
3375:
played an important role in emergence of the unique Polish form of constitutionalism." This constraint on the powers of the monarch were significant in making the "ule of law, religious tolerance and limited constitutional government... the norm in Poland in times when the rest of Europe was being
3009:
Constitutions are not just about restraining and limiting power; they are about the empowerment of ordinary people in a democracy and allowing them to control the sources of law and harness the apparatus of government to their aspirations. That is the democratic view of constitutions, but it is not
2897:
the idea ... that government can and should be legally limited in its powers, and that its authority depends on its observing these limitations. This idea brings with it a host of vexing questions of interest not only to legal scholars, but to anyone keen to explore the legal and philosophical
3063:
Often the word "constitutionalism" is used in a rhetorical sense, as a political argument that equates the views of the speaker or writer with a preferred view of the constitution. For instance, University of
Maryland Constitutional History Professor Herman Belz's critical assessment of expansive
3051:
Used descriptively, the concept of constitutionalism can refer chiefly to the historical struggle for constitutional recognition of the people's right to "consent" and certain other rights, freedoms, and privileges. On the other hand, the prescriptive approach to constitutionalism addresses what a
2914:
is not necessarily synonymous with the study of constitutionalism. Legal historian
Christian G. Fritz distinguishes between "constitutional questions", examining how the constitution was interpreted and applied to distribute power and authority as the new nation struggled with problems of war and
2880:
One example of constitutionalism's descriptive use is law professor
Bernard Schwartz's five volume compilation of sources seeking to trace the origins of the U.S. Bill of Rights. Beginning with English antecedents going back to Magna Carta (1215), Schwartz explores the presence and development of
2871:
captured this aspect of the term in noting, "Constitutionalism has both descriptive and prescriptive connotations. Used descriptively, it refers chiefly to the historical struggle for constitutional recognition of the people's right to 'consent' and certain other rights, freedoms, and privileges.
2963:
Moreover, whether reflecting a descriptive or prescriptive focus, treatments of the concept of constitutionalism all deal with the legitimacy of government. One recent assessment of
American constitutionalism, for example, notes that the idea of constitutionalism serves to define what it is that
2922:
in assessing
Britain's unwritten constitution. Dicey noted a difference between the "conventions of the constitution" and the "law of the constitution". The "essential distinction" between the two concepts was that the law of the constitution was made up of "rules enforced or recognised by the
3434:
have attracted growing interest in recent years. Authors such as Ann E. Mayer define
Islamic constitutionalism as "constitutionalism that is in some form based on Islamic principles, as opposed to constitutionalism that has developed in countries that happen to be Muslim but that has not been
3068:
noted as well the confluence of political rhetoric with arguments supposedly rooted in constitutionalism. In assessing the "meaning that critical scholars attributed to constitutional law in the late twentieth century," Professor
Seidman notes a "new order... characterized most prominently by
3093:
has been defined as a complex of ideas, attitudes and patterns elaborating the principle that the authority of government derives from the people, and is limited by a body of fundamental law. These ideas, attitudes and patterns, according to one analyst, derive from "a dynamic political and
2923:
Courts", making up "a body of 'laws' in the proper sense of that term." In contrast, the conventions of the constitution consisted "of customs, practices, maxims, or precepts which are not enforced or recognised by the Courts" but "make up a body not of laws, but of constitutional or
2964:"grants and guides the legitimate exercise of government authority". Similarly, historian Gordon S. Wood described the most "advanced thinking" on the nature of constitutions wherein the constitution was conceived (according to Demophilis, who was possibly George Bryan) a "
3113:
Both experience with state constitutions before and after the federal constitution as well as the emergence and operation of the latter reflect an ongoing struggle over the idea that all governments in America rested on the sovereignty of the people for their legitimacy.
3034:. And if the ultimate power to interpret a constitution is given to the government's own Supreme Court, then the inevitable tendency is for the Court to continue to place its imprimatur on ever-broader powers for its own government. Furthermore, the highly touted "
4629:
Mohammad Hashim Kamali, Constitutionalism in Islamic Countries: A Contemporary Perspective of Islamic Law, in: Rainer Grote and Tilmann Röder (eds.), Constitutionalism in Islamic Countries: Between Upheaval and Continuity, Oxford University Press, Oxford/New York
4203:(Cambridge University Press, 2008). p. 284 (Observing that from the Revolutionary era to the period before the Civil War "Americans continued to wrestle with what it meant that their national as well as state governments rested on the sovereignty of the people")
4495:(Bagehot noted his intent to correct mistaken views of the British constitution, including whether the constitution was "laid down as a principle of the English polity, that in it the legislative, the executive, and the judicial powers, are quite divided....")
3417:
after he was deposed. His first leader was Colonel Rafael Tomás Fernández DomĂnguez, and he wanted Bosch to come back to power once again. Colonel Fernández DomĂnguez was exiled to Puerto Rico where Bosch was. The Constitutionalists had a new leader:
2852:
Constitutionalism is descriptive of a complicated concept, deeply embedded in historical experience, which subjects the officials who exercise governmental powers to the limitations of a higher law. Constitutionalism proclaims the desirability of the
3278:
was accompanied by an efflorescence of political ideas in which the concept of countervailing powers was clearly defined," led to a well-developed polity with multiple governmental and private institutions that counter the power of the state.
2959:
derived from fundamental law. William H. Hamilton has captured this dual aspect by noting that constitutionalism "is the name given to the trust which men repose in the power of words engrossed on parchment to keep a government in order."
4649:
Asifa Quraishi, The Separation of Powers in the Tradition of Muslim Governments, in: Rainer Grote and Tilmann Röder (eds.), Constitutionalism in Islamic Countries: Between Upheaval and Continuity, Oxford University Press, Oxford/New York
4539:
3030:, at least, we have a constitution that imposes strict limits on some powers of government. But, as we have discovered in the past century, no constitution can interpret or enforce itself; it must be interpreted by
2968:
by which even the supreme power of the state shall be governed." Ultimately, American constitutionalism came to rest on the collective sovereignty of the people, the source that legitimized American governments.
3868:
4639:
Khaled Abou El Fadl, Shariah and Constitutionalism in: Rainer Grote and Tilmann Röder (eds.), Constitutionalism in Islamic Countries: Between Upheaval and Continuity, Oxford University Press, Oxford/New York
4097:
For the assumptions by historians, political scientists and lawyers that have contributed to a view of constitutionalism essentially connected and confined to the US Constitution, see Christian G. Fritz,
4190:(University of North Carolina Press, 1980), p. 137 (asserting that statements of the "principle" of the people's sovereignty "expressed the very heart of the consensus among the victors of 1776").
4162:
Self-Evident Truths: Being a Discourse on the Origins & Development of the First Principles of American Government – Popular Sovereignty, Natural Rights, and Balance & Separation of Powers
4567:
1236:
3435:
informed by distinctively Islamic principles". However, the concrete meaning of the notion remains contested among Muslim as well as Western scholars. Influential thinkers like
3190:
and cement the position of the American judiciary as an independent and co-equal branch of government. On the other hand, Earl Warren, the 14th Chief Justice, greatly extended
3042:" in the American government are flimsy indeed, since in the final analysis all of these divisions are part of the same government and are governed by the same set of rulers.
3010:
the constitutionalist view.... Of course, it is always possible to present an alternative to constitutionalism as an alternative form of constitutionalism: scholars talk of "
4673:
3413:
was deposed, the Constitutionalist movement was born in the country. As opposed to said movement, the Anti-constitutionalist movement was also born. Bosch had to depart to
4177:(The American Philosophical Society, 1977), p. 101 (concluding the American Revolution "confirmed and completed the subordination of government to the will of the people")
3862:
3056:
There is often confusion in equating the presence of a written constitution with the conclusion that a state or polity is one based upon constitutionalism. As noted by
3187:
6020:
3691:
2889:
In contrast to describing what constitutions are, a prescriptive approach addresses what a constitution should be. As presented by the Canadian philosopher
6010:
4066:
3182:
whereby Supreme Court could strike down federal and state laws if they conflicted with the Constitution. By establishing the principle of judicial review,
4620:
Ann E. Mayer, Conundrums in Constitutionalism: Islamic Monarchies in an Era of Transition, 1 UCLA J. Islamic & Near E.L. 183 (Spring / Summer, 2002).
1000:
5885:
2814:
is "a compound of ideas, attitudes, and patterns of behavior elaborating the principle that the authority of government derives from and is limited by
3448:
2148:
2798:
2138:
4296:
3022:, who attacked constitutionalism as being incapable of restraining governments and not protecting the rights of citizens from their governments:
2168:
4847:
4228:
3780:, 8th ed. (London: Macmillan 1914) (Part III: The Connection between the law of the constitution and the conventions of the constitution; Ch 14.
6025:
2128:
2118:
6050:
1025:
995:
4035:
5395:
4806:
4164:(Indiana Univ. Press, 1974), p. 52 (describing "the almost unanimous acceptance of popular sovereignty at the level of abstract principle")
3985:
3602:
3215:
3156:
of individuals, each of which is a restriction of the other, and that no powers be delegated that are beyond the competence of government.
1700:
1077:
2977:
Constitutionalism is not simply about the power structure of society. It also asks for a strong protection of the interests of citizens,
5965:
4821:
3107:
1030:
150:
5239:
4073:
3893:
2872:
Used prescriptively, its meaning incorporates those features of government seen as the essential elements of the... Constitution".
1856:
1420:
2902:
One example of this prescriptive approach was the project of the National Municipal League to develop a model state constitution.
4879:
4677:
2158:
2143:
1010:
5327:
3484:
3079:
1499:
4009:
5905:
4755:
4208:
4122:
4085:
4021:
3837:
3773:
3754:
3630:
3562:
2173:
1851:
1544:
1338:
1117:
3916:
3102:
state level, they all rest on a shared assumption that their legitimacy comes from the sovereign authority of the people or
3307:
3195:
2791:
2696:
2504:
2113:
1370:
1231:
1179:
1174:
4419:
4366:
4798:
4102:
3474:
2701:
2509:
2436:
1487:
1199:
1050:
652:
4188:
The First American Constitutions: Republican Ideology and the Making of the State Constitutions in the Revolutionary Era
3651:
3358:
3239:
3160:
1410:
1308:
1256:
1194:
1189:
1127:
4514:
6070:
4717:
4605:
4467:
3942:
3858:
3584:
2123:
1415:
1040:
795:
17:
5900:
5261:
3275:
1693:
1450:
2955:
One of the most salient features of constitutionalism is that it describes and prescribes both the source and the
6000:
5935:
4980:
3706:
3203:
2784:
1981:
1477:
382:
5191:
4709:
3954:
Waldron, Jeremy (2009). "Constitutionalism – A Skeptical View". In Christiano, Thomas; Christman, John (eds.).
3397:) and placed the peasants under the protection of the government, thus mitigating the worst abuses of serfdom.
3141:
3126:
3098:
of the federal constitution and the American experience with that constitution since its ratification in 1789.
2946:(the "Great Charter") created in 1215 is regarded as one of the greatest constitutional documents of all times.
2691:
2608:
2494:
2163:
845:
414:
6096:
5344:
4007:
Herman Belz, "A Living Constitution or Fundamental Law? American Constitutionalism in Historical Perspective"
2153:
1811:
1323:
1303:
1358:
5955:
5940:
5835:
3519:
3253:
3219:
2641:
2183:
1966:
1891:
1871:
2935:
6101:
5361:
4872:
3790:
3385:
2686:
2178:
2133:
2091:
1686:
1348:
925:
392:
286:
815:
6106:
5232:
4955:
3494:
3451:
combine classic Islamic law with modern constitutionalism. The constitutional changes initiated by the
3271:
2721:
1400:
1065:
850:
532:
377:
5880:
5840:
5281:
4844:
4225:
3489:
3469:
3011:
2203:
2051:
1511:
1405:
1015:
805:
485:
471:
6116:
6111:
5980:
5708:
5470:
5430:
5420:
5368:
3509:
3094:
historical process rather than from a static body of thought laid down in the eighteenth century".
2666:
2388:
1991:
1298:
1283:
1149:
1045:
296:
103:
3827:
3744:
900:
785:
5758:
5666:
4965:
4960:
4490:
4050:
3499:
3406:
3333:
3299:
3267:
3263:
2554:
2499:
2431:
2001:
1846:
1717:
1603:
1482:
1425:
1313:
1278:
1137:
1092:
1005:
840:
230:
195:
76:
4314:
3993:
3599:
3455:
movement have already brought into reality many new hybrid models of Islamic constitutionalism.
3132:
Starting with the proposition that "'Constitutionalism' refers to the position or practice that
682:
5930:
5920:
5509:
5440:
5425:
4906:
4865:
3436:
3287:
2681:
2623:
2598:
2268:
2006:
1956:
1951:
1911:
1516:
1492:
1460:
1430:
1395:
1390:
1365:
1226:
1144:
1020:
990:
215:
4828:
4807:
Philip P. Wiener, ed., "Dictionary of the History of Ideas: Studies of Selected Pivotal Ideas"
3600:
Philip P. Wiener, ed., "Dictionary of the History of Ideas: Studies of Selected Pivotal Ideas"
6040:
6015:
5945:
5628:
5356:
5129:
5087:
5057:
4597:
3065:
2748:
2676:
2544:
2426:
2273:
2076:
1901:
1756:
1751:
1637:
1559:
1534:
1506:
1465:
1445:
1435:
1380:
1318:
1293:
1209:
1204:
1169:
1154:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1087:
1082:
1035:
930:
905:
895:
800:
632:
617:
517:
459:
775:
6035:
5790:
5703:
5681:
5604:
5600:
5529:
5445:
5390:
5385:
5208:
5052:
4941:
4201:
American Sovereigns: The People and America's Constitutional Tradition Before the Civil War
4115:
American Sovereigns: The People and America's Constitutional Tradition Before the Civil War
3829:
American Sovereigns: The People and America's Constitutional Tradition Before the Civil War
3746:
American Sovereigns: The People and America's Constitutional Tradition Before the Civil War
3732:
American Sovereigns: The People and America's Constitutional Tradition Before the Civil War
3529:
3464:
3330:
3039:
2825:
2726:
2671:
2661:
2618:
2613:
2549:
2534:
2529:
2303:
1986:
1625:
1440:
1385:
1375:
1353:
1333:
1328:
1288:
1273:
1251:
1214:
1164:
1122:
1112:
1072:
592:
557:
466:
419:
264:
138:
133:
128:
71:
3419:
582:
56:
8:
6060:
5925:
5795:
5585:
5514:
5271:
5244:
5227:
5215:
5037:
4993:
4070:
3440:
3291:
3103:
3035:
2841:
2636:
2631:
2461:
2283:
2253:
2086:
2021:
1996:
1971:
1936:
1916:
1906:
1886:
1821:
1620:
1268:
1241:
1184:
1132:
915:
687:
627:
577:
350:
269:
210:
143:
113:
108:
81:
40:
4789:
4484:
4341:
4272:
5780:
5696:
5686:
5519:
5482:
5412:
5351:
5334:
5288:
5198:
5112:
4926:
4559:
4400:
3479:
3410:
3295:
3259:
3211:
3177:
2956:
2943:
2815:
2393:
2031:
2011:
1926:
1343:
1246:
1159:
955:
890:
790:
345:
325:
162:
31:
4540:"The unanimity rule and religious fractionalisation in the Polish-Lithuanian Republic"
4391:
Driver, Justin (October 2012). "The Constitutional Conservatism of the Warren Court".
3663:
3144:, which includes the principle that the field of public action be partitioned between
3052:
constitution should be. Two observations might be offered about its prescriptive use.
607:
5910:
5812:
5800:
5785:
5676:
5623:
5595:
5577:
5380:
5256:
5249:
5062:
5010:
4988:
4916:
4769:
4761:
4751:
4713:
4705:
4601:
4463:
4290:
4204:
4118:
4081:
4017:
3938:
3854:
3833:
3750:
3647:
3626:
3580:
3558:
3514:
3303:
3207:
2651:
2583:
2378:
2213:
2081:
2066:
2056:
1921:
1896:
1796:
1791:
1662:
935:
692:
622:
597:
587:
567:
387:
274:
205:
167:
6055:
4590:
4563:
5671:
5661:
5487:
5435:
5339:
5203:
5092:
5042:
5020:
5015:
4946:
4743:
4551:
4006:
3431:
3337:
3223:
2924:
2760:
2716:
2441:
2318:
2263:
2228:
1831:
1806:
1801:
1776:
1746:
1578:
1571:
910:
860:
825:
770:
677:
662:
637:
572:
542:
409:
360:
335:
318:
313:
247:
172:
98:
86:
3767:
3163:
who played an important role in the development of American constitutionalism are
830:
6045:
5985:
5870:
5718:
5713:
5691:
5611:
5565:
5322:
5276:
5174:
5151:
5134:
5107:
4892:
4851:
4793:
4735:
4729:
4232:
4106:
4077:
4013:
3968:
3889:
3872:
3777:
3606:
3534:
3319:
3227:
3172:
3019:
2982:
2772:
2603:
2539:
2451:
2446:
2353:
2343:
2338:
2328:
2323:
2293:
2288:
2278:
2243:
2036:
2016:
1781:
1761:
1674:
970:
960:
945:
865:
855:
835:
727:
707:
667:
642:
552:
446:
434:
424:
365:
225:
220:
91:
6075:
5995:
5950:
5890:
5855:
5647:
5560:
5465:
5373:
5164:
4998:
4921:
4809:, (David Fellman, "Constitutionalism"), vol 1, pp. 485, 491–492 (1973–74).
4739:
4434:
3504:
3444:
3183:
3122:
3002:
2986:
2868:
2837:
2588:
2403:
2398:
2313:
2238:
2233:
2071:
2041:
1876:
1836:
1786:
1766:
1725:
1642:
1615:
1610:
1583:
1539:
885:
820:
672:
647:
612:
562:
502:
429:
330:
291:
281:
155:
123:
4747:
4555:
4244:
4099:
3813:
Walton H. Hamilton, "Constitutionalism". in Edwin R.A. Seligman, et al. (eds)
3679:
A Half Century of Municipal Reform: A History of the National Municipal League
875:
697:
6090:
6030:
5915:
5830:
5775:
5635:
5555:
5450:
5300:
5293:
5186:
5139:
5032:
4888:
4832:
4773:
4725:
3389:
3341:
3327:
3164:
3106:. This underlying premise, embraced by the American revolutionaries with the
3090:
3057:
3027:
2845:
2711:
2476:
2408:
2383:
2363:
2248:
1946:
1826:
1598:
920:
880:
810:
780:
747:
742:
722:
602:
527:
439:
302:
118:
4857:
3668:, Wil Waluchow "Constitutionalism" (Intro Jan. 2001 (revised Feb. 20, 2007).
2821:
Political organizations are constitutional to the extent that they "contain
6065:
5865:
5770:
5616:
5590:
5499:
5181:
5169:
5117:
5077:
5072:
4936:
4931:
4220:
James Madison, in his remarks introducing the Bill of Rights, 8 June 1789,
3363:
3262:
is perhaps the best instance of constitutionalism in a country that has an
3199:
3191:
3137:
2978:
2911:
2890:
2593:
2578:
2471:
2466:
2373:
2368:
2358:
2308:
2298:
2223:
2218:
2026:
1931:
1771:
1632:
965:
940:
870:
717:
547:
537:
340:
6005:
5753:
5748:
5740:
5725:
5550:
5455:
5266:
5102:
5067:
5047:
5027:
5005:
4970:
4839:
4271:
landmarkcases.dcwdbeta.com, Landmark Supreme Court Cases (555) 123-4567.
3524:
3452:
3414:
3302:
soon after being elected. The best known Constitutionalist candidate was
3168:
2939:
2854:
2822:
2706:
2258:
1976:
1866:
1841:
1816:
950:
752:
737:
712:
507:
492:
399:
252:
200:
4404:
2767:
1669:
5536:
5524:
5494:
5460:
5400:
5082:
4367:"From the Archives: Earl Warren Dies at 83; Chief Justice for 16 Years"
3917:"On the First Principles of Constitutionalism: Liberty, Then Democracy"
3149:
3145:
3133:
2919:
2867:
Constitutionalism has prescriptive and descriptive uses. Law professor
2208:
2046:
1941:
1881:
1741:
1588:
1554:
1549:
1219:
732:
522:
497:
404:
257:
237:
48:
5970:
5807:
5542:
5504:
5097:
4911:
4460:
Controlling the State: Constitutionalism from Ancient Athens to Today
3990:
Dictionary of the History of Ideas: Studies of Selected Pivotal Ideas
3877:
the Genuine Principles of the Ancient Saxon, Or English Constitution
3577:
Controlling the State: Constitutionalism from Ancient Athens to Today
3368:
2990:
2833:
2646:
2348:
2061:
1861:
1657:
1455:
657:
177:
4175:
Aspects of American Liberty: Philosophical, Historical and Political
3249:
5960:
5656:
5477:
5305:
5220:
5159:
5122:
4817:
3266:. A variety of developments in 17th century England, including the
2656:
2456:
2333:
1593:
1566:
1470:
1261:
512:
355:
4765:
2918:
A similar distinction was drawn by British constitutional scholar
5875:
5730:
5642:
2829:
1961:
702:
308:
242:
3171:. John Marshall, the 4th Chief Justice, upheld the principle of
5895:
4504:
British parliamentary election results 1918–1949, Craig, F.W.S.
3153:
2950:
372:
3625:, (Gerhard Casper, "Constitutionalism"), vol 2, p. 473 (1986)
5860:
5850:
5845:
5317:
5312:
4420:"The Warren Court: Completion of a Constitutional Revolution"
3555:
Constitutions and Constitutionalism in the Slaveholding South
3323:
27:
Belief that government authority derives from fundamental law
3018:
Constitutionalism has also been the subject of criticism by
5990:
4659:
Nadirsyah Hosen, "In search of Islamic Constitutionalism",
4273:"Landmark Supreme Court Cases | Cases – Marbury v. Madison"
4173:
Edmund S. Morgan, "The Problem of Popular Sovereignty," in
3357:
From the mid-sixteenth to the late eighteenth century, the
3198:
of all Americans through a series of landmark rulings. The
4462:. Harvard University Press. pp. 5, 223–283, 327–357.
3617:
3615:
4812:
3405:
After the democratically elected government of president
4825:(1967, Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 1998) Second edition.
3769:
Introduction to the Study of the Law of the Constitution
3371:, in its parliamentary deliberations. The "principle of
3290:
was also a label used by some independent candidates in
5975:
3612:
3294:
in the early 1920s. Most of the candidates were former
3005:
contends that constitutionalism is often undemocratic:
4270:
4845:
The Social and Political Foundations of Constitutions
4071:"American Constitutionalism: From Theory to Politics"
2905:
3935:
Defending Liberty: The Case for a New Bill of Rights
1001:
Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party
4724:Sandefur, Timothy (2008). "Constitutionalism". In
4589:
3898:Northwestern Journal of International Human Rights
3222:, providing defendants' rights to an attorney and
4854:Foundation for Law, Justice and Society programme
3347:
6088:
4113:(2004), 1327–1369. See also Christian G. Fritz,
3851:The Creation of the American Republic, 1770–1787
3376:devastated by religious hatred and despotism."
3270:and "the protracted struggle for power between
3046:
4822:Constitutionalism and the Separation of Powers
4887:
4873:
3894:"Natural Rights and Modern Constitutionalism"
3430:The scope and limits of constitutionalism in
2972:
2792:
1694:
1026:International Alliance of Libertarian Parties
996:Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe
3983:
3971:For a New Liberty: The Libertarian Manifesto
3956:Contemporary Debates in Political Philosophy
3921:American University International Law Review
2951:Fundamental law and legitimacy of government
4661:American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences
4295:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
3557:(University of Georgia Press, 1989). p. 1.
4880:
4866:
4149:he American State Constitutional Tradition
4080:(Princeton University Press, 1996). p. 5.
3992:. Vol. 1. p. 485. Archived from
3110:unites American constitutional tradition.
2799:
2785:
1701:
1687:
4702:The Global Model of Constitutional Rights
4531:
3831:(Cambridge University Press, 2008). p. 1.
3646:(5 vols., Chelsea House Publisher, 1980)
3623:Encyclopedia of the American Constitution
3568:
1031:International Federation of Liberal Youth
4723:
4417:
4100:"Fallacies of American Constitutionalism
4034:Seidman, Louis Michael (November 2006).
3748:(Cambridge University Press, 2008). p. 6
3248:
3121:
2934:
2828:for the protection of the interests and
1857:Free association (Marxism and anarchism)
4674:Constitutional Reform in Arab Countries
4482:
4033:
3953:
3888:
3681:Ch.2 (Univ. of California Press, 1950).
3579:. Harvard University Press. p. 4.
3216:state laws banning interracial marriage
3206:Constitutional Revolution by bringing "
1011:Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats
14:
6089:
4587:
4457:
4390:
3574:
3485:Constitutionalism in the United States
3420:Colonel Francisco Alberto Caamaño Deñó
3340:and an elected legislature called the
3210:" to the United States, tearing apart
3080:Constitutionalism in the United States
4861:
4695:A Theory of African Constitutionalism
4537:
4336:
4334:
4308:
4306:
4266:
4264:
3914:
3737:
3400:
3298:members, and many of them joined the
2836:, including those that may be in the
4787:
4312:
3791:"English translation of Magna Carta"
2697:Libertarianism in the United Kingdom
4799:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
4596:. Oxford University Press. p.
4359:
3817:(New York: Macmillan 1931). p. 255.
3815:Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences
3734:. Cambridge University Press, 2008.
3665:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
3475:Constitution Party (disambiguation)
3161:Chief Justices of the United States
3142:principles of constitutional design
2702:Libertarianism in the United States
1051:Liberal South East European Network
24:
4731:The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism
4687:
4672:See, e.g. the monitoring project "
4663:, Volume 21, No. 2, 2004, 23 foll.
4384:
4331:
4303:
4261:
3240:Constitution of the United Kingdom
3127:Supreme Court of the United States
2906:Constitutionalism vs. Constitution
25:
6128:
6071:Western European and Others Group
4781:
4136:Understanding State Constitutions
3853:(Norton & Co. 1969). p. 268.
3425:
3379:
3282:
3233:
3186:helped implement the ideology of
3117:
2124:Anarcho-capitalism and minarchism
1041:Liberal Network for Latin America
474:(contributions to liberal theory)
4840:Middle East Constitutional Forum
4544:Constitutional Political Economy
4036:"Critical Constitutionalism Now"
3352:
3254:Parliament of the United Kingdom
3244:
3084:
3073:
2989:, and has a close relation with
2930:
2766:
2754:
2742:
1668:
1656:
55:
4829:"Economics and the Rule of Law"
4693:Gebeye, Berihun Adugna (2021).
4666:
4653:
4643:
4633:
4623:
4614:
4581:
4507:
4498:
4476:
4451:
4411:
4237:
4214:
4193:
4180:
4167:
4154:
4141:
4128:
4091:
4060:
4027:
4000:
3977:
3962:
3947:
3927:
3908:
3882:
3843:
3820:
3807:
3783:
3760:
3644:The Roots of the Bill of Rights
2884:
1982:Natural rights and legal rights
4151:(Univ. Press of Kansas, 2006).
3988:. In Wiener, Philip P. (ed.).
3724:
3684:
3671:
3657:
3636:
3593:
3547:
3359:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
3348:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
2875:
2692:Libertarianism in South Africa
2609:Center for Libertarian Studies
415:Separation of church and state
13:
1:
4813:National Humanities Institute
4489:. Chapman and Hall. pp.
4418:Swindler, William F. (1970).
4138:(Princeton Univ. Press, 1998)
3540:
3443:, but also younger ones like
2996:
2893:, constitutionalism embodies
2862:
1812:Decriminalization of sex work
4538:Rohac, Dalibor (June 2008).
4277:Landmark Supreme Court Cases
3984:Fellman, David (1973–1974).
3520:Rule according to higher law
3218:, extending the coverage of
3047:Constitutionalism by nations
2985:, especially for the social
2642:Freeman on the land movement
1967:Libertarianism (metaphysics)
1872:Free-market environmentalism
7:
4515:"THE CONSTITUTION OF JAPAN"
3458:
3386:Constitution of May 3, 1791
3108:Declaration of Independence
2844:and constitutional scholar
2826:mechanisms of power control
2687:Libertarian science fiction
10:
6133:
4697:. Oxford University Press.
4049:: 575, 586. Archived from
3937:. ISR/Google books, 2019.
3495:English Constitution Party
3237:
3175:in the 1803 landmark case
3077:
2973:Civil rights and liberties
2957:limits of government power
2722:Sovereign citizen movement
29:
5841:Anglo-Portuguese Alliance
5821:
5739:
5576:
5411:
5282:Standard Average European
5150:
4979:
4899:
4748:10.4135/9781412965811.n65
4556:10.1007/s10602-008-9037-5
3875:. p. 4> (Demophilus :
3490:Digital constitutionalism
3470:Constitutional liberalism
3089:Constitutionalism of the
3012:popular constitutionalism
2966:sett of fundamental rules
2898:foundations of the state.
2816:a body of fundamental law
2749:Libertarianism portal
1638:Sexually liberal feminism
1545:Bias in American academia
1016:European Democratic Party
472:List of liberal theorists
5981:Lancaster House Treaties
5471:Christian existentialism
5431:Ancient Roman philosophy
5421:Ancient Greek philosophy
4720:Oxford University Press.
4550:(2). Springer: 111–128.
4486:The English Constitution
4483:Bagehot, Walter (1867).
3694:Model State Constitution
3510:Natural and legal rights
3313:
3308:1924 UK general election
2667:Libertarian conservatism
2092:Workers' self-management
1992:Non-aggression principle
297:Labor theory of property
5759:Equality before the law
4966:Romano-Germanic culture
4588:Davies, Norman (1996).
3500:Judicial interpretation
3334:constitutional monarchy
3268:Constitutional Monarchy
3264:uncodified constitution
3026:t is true that, in the
2682:Libertarian Republicans
2002:Participatory economics
1847:Expropriative anarchism
1006:Arab Liberal Federation
196:Consent of the governed
5921:Eastern European Group
5510:Continental philosophy
5441:Judeo-Christian ethics
5426:Hellenistic philosophy
4907:Cradle of civilization
4458:Gordon, Scott (1999).
3575:Gordon, Scott (1999).
3437:Mohammad Hashim Kamali
3256:
3129:
3044:
3016:
2947:
2900:
2860:
2624:Conscientious objector
2007:Propaganda of the deed
1957:Individual reclamation
1952:Individualist feminism
1912:Freedom of information
1892:Freedom of association
1852:Federalism (anarchist)
1021:European Liberal Youth
991:Africa Liberal Network
216:Economic globalization
6041:Three Seas Initiative
6016:Pacific Islands Forum
5881:British–Irish Council
5629:Greek Orthodox Church
5088:Industrial Revolution
5058:Scientific Revolution
4734:. Thousand Oaks, CA:
4427:Vanderbilt Law Review
4393:California Law Review
4313:Pederson, William D.
3915:Pilon, Roger (1993).
3861:(quoting Demophilus,
3553:Don E. Fehrenbacher,
3369:unanimity voting rule
3252:
3125:
3066:Louis Michael Seidman
3024:
3007:
2938:
2895:
2850:
2677:Libertarian socialism
2672:Libertarian Democrats
2604:Austro-libertarianism
2522:Historical background
2149:Intellectual property
2077:Voluntary association
1902:Freedom of conscience
1757:Anti-authoritarianism
1752:Age of consent reform
1663:Liberalism portal
1535:Anti-authoritarianism
1036:Liberal International
30:Further information:
6097:Comparative politics
6036:Special Relationship
5446:Christian philosophy
5391:Western Christianity
5053:Age of Enlightenment
4927:Hellenistic Kingdoms
4742:. pp. 100–103.
4700:Möller, Kai (2012).
4680:on October 19, 2011)
4245:"Marbury v. Madison"
4199:Christian G. Fritz,
3969:Murray N. Rothbard,
3826:Christian G. Fritz,
3743:Christian G. Fritz,
3730:Christian G. Fritz,
3677:Frank Mann Stewart,
3530:Separation of powers
3465:Classical liberalism
3318:On May 3, 1947, the
3292:UK general elections
3188:separation of powers
3040:separation of powers
2761:Anarchism portal
2727:Technolibertarianism
2712:Public choice theory
2662:Green libertarianism
2619:Classical liberalism
2614:Civil libertarianism
2530:Age of Enlightenment
2139:Foreign intervention
1987:Night-watchman state
467:Age of Enlightenment
420:Separation of powers
6061:West Nordic Council
5926:Eastern Partnership
5515:Analytic philosophy
5216:Classical tradition
5038:Early modern period
4994:Classical antiquity
4989:European Bronze Age
4790:"Constitutionalism"
4111:Rutgers Law Journal
3986:"Constitutionalism"
3795:The British Library
3712:on 26 February 2013
3621:Leonard Levy, ed.,
3441:Khaled Abou El Fadl
3104:popular sovereignty
3036:checks and balances
2842:political scientist
2840:". As described by
2773:Politics portal
2637:Economic liberalism
2632:Cultural liberalism
2169:Political alliances
2022:Reproductive rights
1997:Non-interventionism
1937:Homestead principle
1917:Freedom of religion
1907:Freedom of contract
1887:Freedom of assembly
1822:Drug liberalization
1675:Politics portal
378:Civil and political
351:Popular sovereignty
211:Economic liberalism
6102:Constitutional law
5520:Post-structuralism
5483:Christian humanism
5113:Universal suffrage
4850:2013-08-13 at the
4519:japan.kantei.go.jp
4348:. 17 February 2012
4231:2009-05-04 at the
4186:Willi Paul Adams,
4105:2011-05-11 at the
4076:2011-08-12 at the
4067:Stephen M. Griffin
4043:Fordham Law Review
4012:2008-12-02 at the
3871:2011-05-11 at the
3864:Genuine Principles
3776:2004-04-08 at the
3642:Bernard Schwartz,
3605:2006-06-23 at the
3480:Constitutional law
3411:Dominican Republic
3401:Dominican Republic
3388:, which historian
3300:Conservative Party
3260:The United Kingdom
3257:
3212:racial segregation
3178:Marbury v. Madison
3130:
2948:
2129:Capital punishment
2119:Affirmative action
2032:Right to sexuality
2012:Property is theft!
1927:Freedom of thought
346:Permissive society
326:Limited government
32:Constitutional law
6107:Philosophy of law
6084:
6083:
5911:Council of Europe
5813:International law
5766:Constitutionalism
5624:Eastern Orthodoxy
5130:Post–Cold War era
5063:Age of Revolution
4917:Greco-Roman world
4757:978-1-4129-6580-4
4676:" (archived from
4592:Europe: A History
4371:Los Angeles Times
4346:California Museum
4209:978-0-521-88188-3
4123:978-0-521-88188-3
4086:978-0-691-03404-1
4022:978-0-8476-8643-8
3933:Abbott, Lewis F.
3838:978-0-521-88188-3
3755:978-0-521-88188-3
3631:978-0-02-864880-4
3563:978-0-8203-1119-7
3515:Philosophy of law
3326:has maintained a
3304:Winston Churchill
3288:Constitutionalist
3208:one man, one vote
2823:institutionalized
2812:Constitutionalism
2809:
2808:
2652:Geolibertarianism
2628:Constitutionalism
2584:Anti-collectivism
2489:National variants
2339:Friedman (Milton)
2174:Political parties
2087:Workers' councils
2082:Voluntary society
2067:Stateless society
2057:Spontaneous order
1922:Freedom of speech
1897:Freedom of choice
1797:Counter-economics
1792:Cognitive liberty
1711:
1710:
1550:Bias in the media
1066:Regional variants
383:Natural and legal
18:Constitutionalist
16:(Redirected from
6124:
5956:EU Customs Union
5488:Secular humanism
5436:Christian ethics
5386:East–West Schism
5369:Physical culture
5093:Great Divergence
5043:Age of Discovery
4882:
4875:
4868:
4859:
4858:
4803:
4794:Zalta, Edward N.
4777:
4681:
4670:
4664:
4657:
4651:
4647:
4641:
4637:
4631:
4627:
4621:
4618:
4612:
4611:
4595:
4585:
4579:
4578:
4576:
4575:
4566:. Archived from
4535:
4529:
4528:
4526:
4525:
4511:
4505:
4502:
4496:
4494:
4480:
4474:
4473:
4455:
4449:
4448:
4446:
4445:
4439:
4433:. Archived from
4424:
4415:
4409:
4408:
4399:(5): 1101–1167.
4388:
4382:
4381:
4379:
4378:
4363:
4357:
4356:
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4353:
4338:
4329:
4328:
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4178:
4171:
4165:
4160:Paul K. Conkin,
4158:
4152:
4147:John J. Dinan, T
4145:
4139:
4132:
4126:
4095:
4089:
4064:
4058:
4057:
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4040:
4031:
4025:
4004:
3998:
3997:
3981:
3975:
3966:
3960:
3959:
3951:
3945:
3931:
3925:
3924:
3912:
3906:
3905:
3890:Zuckert, Michael
3886:
3880:
3849:Gordon S. Wood,
3847:
3841:
3824:
3818:
3811:
3805:
3804:
3802:
3801:
3787:
3781:
3764:
3758:
3741:
3735:
3728:
3722:
3721:
3719:
3717:
3711:
3705:. Archived from
3700:
3688:
3682:
3675:
3669:
3661:
3655:
3640:
3634:
3619:
3610:
3597:
3591:
3590:
3572:
3566:
3551:
3432:Muslim countries
3146:delegated powers
3136:be limited by a
2925:political ethics
2801:
2794:
2787:
2771:
2770:
2759:
2758:
2757:
2747:
2746:
2745:
2717:Small government
2379:Friedman (David)
2154:Internal debates
1832:Economic freedom
1807:Decentralization
1802:Crypto-anarchism
1777:Artistic freedom
1747:Academic freedom
1713:
1712:
1703:
1696:
1689:
1673:
1672:
1661:
1660:
1579:Economic freedom
1572:Radical centrism
410:Secular humanism
336:Natural monopoly
287:Internationalism
104:Internationalist
59:
36:
35:
21:
6132:
6131:
6127:
6126:
6125:
6123:
6122:
6121:
6117:Western culture
6112:Theories of law
6087:
6086:
6085:
6080:
6046:UKUSA Agreement
5986:Lublin Triangle
5871:Baltic Assembly
5823:
5817:
5735:
5572:
5407:
5277:Eurolinguistics
5146:
5135:Information age
5108:Interwar period
4975:
4895:
4886:
4852:Wayback Machine
4788:Waluchow, Wil.
4784:
4758:
4690:
4688:Further reading
4685:
4684:
4671:
4667:
4658:
4654:
4648:
4644:
4638:
4634:
4628:
4624:
4619:
4615:
4608:
4586:
4582:
4573:
4571:
4536:
4532:
4523:
4521:
4513:
4512:
4508:
4503:
4499:
4481:
4477:
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4456:
4452:
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4422:
4416:
4412:
4389:
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4243:
4242:
4238:
4233:Wayback Machine
4219:
4215:
4198:
4194:
4185:
4181:
4172:
4168:
4159:
4155:
4146:
4142:
4133:
4129:
4107:Wayback Machine
4096:
4092:
4078:Wayback Machine
4065:
4061:
4053:
4038:
4032:
4028:
4014:Wayback Machine
4005:
4001:
3982:
3978:
3967:
3963:
3952:
3948:
3932:
3928:
3913:
3909:
3892:(Spring 2004).
3887:
3883:
3873:Wayback Machine
3848:
3844:
3825:
3821:
3812:
3808:
3799:
3797:
3789:
3788:
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3778:Wayback Machine
3765:
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3607:Wayback Machine
3598:
3594:
3587:
3573:
3569:
3552:
3548:
3543:
3535:Social contract
3461:
3449:Nadirsyah Hosen
3428:
3403:
3382:
3355:
3350:
3320:sovereign state
3316:
3285:
3247:
3242:
3236:
3228:Miranda warning
3196:civil liberties
3173:judicial review
3120:
3087:
3082:
3076:
3049:
3020:Murray Rothbard
2999:
2983:civil liberties
2975:
2953:
2933:
2908:
2887:
2878:
2865:
2805:
2765:
2755:
2753:
2743:
2741:
2734:
2733:
2732:
2731:
2572:
2564:
2563:
2562:
2561:
2540:Aristotelianism
2523:
2515:
2514:
2490:
2482:
2481:
2422:
2414:
2413:
2199:
2191:
2190:
2189:
2188:
2179:Theories of law
2107:
2099:
2098:
2097:
2096:
2037:Self-governance
2017:Refusal of work
1782:Civil liberties
1762:Anti-capitalism
1735:
1707:
1667:
1655:
1648:
1647:
1530:
1522:
1521:
1324:North Macedonia
1068:
1058:
1057:
1056:
1055:
1046:Liberal parties
984:
976:
975:
766:
758:
757:
488:
478:
477:
462:
452:
451:
447:State of nature
435:Social services
425:Social contract
388:To own property
191:
183:
182:
67:
34:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6130:
6120:
6119:
6114:
6109:
6104:
6099:
6082:
6081:
6079:
6078:
6076:Westernization
6073:
6068:
6063:
6058:
6056:Visegrád Group
6053:
6048:
6043:
6038:
6033:
6028:
6023:
6018:
6013:
6008:
6003:
5998:
5996:Nordic Council
5993:
5988:
5983:
5978:
5973:
5968:
5963:
5958:
5953:
5948:
5943:
5938:
5933:
5928:
5923:
5918:
5913:
5908:
5903:
5898:
5893:
5891:Bucharest Nine
5888:
5883:
5878:
5873:
5868:
5863:
5858:
5856:Arctic Council
5853:
5848:
5843:
5838:
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5827:
5825:
5819:
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5810:
5805:
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5512:
5507:
5502:
5497:
5492:
5491:
5490:
5485:
5475:
5474:
5473:
5466:Existentialism
5463:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5417:
5415:
5409:
5408:
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5045:
5040:
5030:
5025:
5024:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5003:
5002:
5001:
4999:Late antiquity
4991:
4985:
4983:
4977:
4976:
4974:
4973:
4968:
4963:
4958:
4953:
4952:
4951:
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4870:
4862:
4856:
4855:
4842:
4837:
4826:
4815:
4810:
4804:
4783:
4782:External links
4780:
4779:
4778:
4756:
4740:Cato Institute
4726:Hamowy, Ronald
4721:
4698:
4689:
4686:
4683:
4682:
4665:
4652:
4642:
4632:
4622:
4613:
4606:
4580:
4530:
4506:
4497:
4475:
4468:
4450:
4410:
4383:
4358:
4330:
4302:
4260:
4236:
4213:
4192:
4179:
4166:
4153:
4140:
4134:G. Alan Tarr,
4127:
4090:
4059:
4056:on 2008-09-10.
4026:
3999:
3996:on 2006-06-23.
3976:
3974:(1978), p. 48.
3961:
3958:. p. 279.
3946:
3926:
3907:
3881:
3842:
3819:
3806:
3782:
3766:Dicey, A. V.,
3759:
3736:
3723:
3683:
3670:
3656:
3652:978-0877542070
3635:
3611:
3592:
3585:
3567:
3545:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3538:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3505:Libertarianism
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3460:
3457:
3445:Asifa Quraishi
3427:
3426:Islamic states
3424:
3402:
3399:
3381:
3378:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3315:
3312:
3284:
3281:
3246:
3243:
3235:
3234:United Kingdom
3232:
3230:), and so on.
3220:Bill of Rights
3184:Marshall Court
3119:
3116:
3086:
3083:
3078:Main article:
3075:
3072:
3071:
3070:
3061:
3048:
3045:
3003:Jeremy Waldron
3001:Legal scholar
2998:
2995:
2974:
2971:
2952:
2949:
2932:
2929:
2907:
2904:
2886:
2883:
2877:
2874:
2869:Gerhard Casper
2864:
2861:
2807:
2806:
2804:
2803:
2796:
2789:
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2778:
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2776:
2775:
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2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2599:Anti-socialism
2596:
2591:
2589:Anti-communism
2586:
2581:
2575:
2574:
2573:
2571:Related topics
2570:
2569:
2566:
2565:
2560:
2559:
2558:
2557:
2552:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2526:
2525:
2524:
2521:
2520:
2517:
2516:
2513:
2512:
2507:
2505:United Kingdom
2502:
2497:
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2110:
2109:
2108:
2105:
2104:
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2100:
2095:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2072:Tax resistance
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2052:Social ecology
2049:
2044:
2042:Self-ownership
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
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1904:
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1889:
1884:
1879:
1877:Free migration
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1837:Egalitarianism
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1787:Class struggle
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1767:Antimilitarism
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1738:
1737:
1736:
1733:
1732:
1729:
1728:
1726:Libertarianism
1722:
1721:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1705:
1698:
1691:
1683:
1680:
1679:
1678:
1677:
1665:
1650:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1643:Utilitarianism
1640:
1635:
1630:
1629:
1628:
1623:
1616:Libertarianism
1613:
1611:Land value tax
1608:
1607:
1606:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1584:Egalitarianism
1581:
1576:
1575:
1574:
1564:
1563:
1562:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1540:Anti-communism
1537:
1531:
1529:Related topics
1528:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1520:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1503:
1502:
1497:
1496:
1495:
1485:
1483:Arizona School
1475:
1474:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1451:United Kingdom
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578:Wollstonecraft
575:
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430:Social justice
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363:
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331:Market economy
328:
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292:Invisible hand
289:
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282:Harm principle
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52:
51:
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44:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6129:
6118:
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6105:
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6049:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6039:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6021:PROSUR/PROSUL
6019:
6017:
6014:
6012:
6009:
6007:
6004:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5992:
5989:
5987:
5984:
5982:
5979:
5977:
5974:
5972:
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5959:
5957:
5954:
5952:
5949:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5937:
5934:
5932:
5929:
5927:
5924:
5922:
5919:
5917:
5916:Craiova Group
5914:
5912:
5909:
5907:
5904:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5889:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5831:ABCANZ Armies
5829:
5828:
5826:
5820:
5814:
5811:
5809:
5806:
5802:
5799:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5789:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5773:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5760:
5757:
5756:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5747:
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5744:
5742:
5738:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5724:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5705:
5702:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5679:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5660:
5659:
5658:
5655:
5649:
5646:
5645:
5644:
5641:
5637:
5636:Protestantism
5634:
5630:
5627:
5626:
5625:
5622:
5618:
5615:
5614:
5613:
5610:
5606:
5602:
5599:
5598:
5597:
5594:
5593:
5592:
5589:
5588:
5587:
5584:
5583:
5581:
5579:
5575:
5567:
5564:
5563:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5556:Sovereigntism
5554:
5552:
5549:
5545:
5544:
5540:
5539:
5538:
5535:
5531:
5528:
5527:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5480:
5479:
5476:
5472:
5469:
5468:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5451:Scholasticism
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5418:
5416:
5414:
5410:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5383:
5382:
5379:
5375:
5372:
5371:
5370:
5367:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5354:
5353:
5350:
5346:
5343:
5342:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5315:
5314:
5311:
5307:
5304:
5303:
5302:
5299:
5295:
5292:
5291:
5290:
5287:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5274:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5251:
5248:
5247:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5234:
5231:
5230:
5229:
5226:
5222:
5219:
5218:
5217:
5214:
5210:
5207:
5206:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5193:
5190:
5189:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5162:
5161:
5158:
5157:
5155:
5153:
5149:
5141:
5140:War on terror
5138:
5136:
5133:
5132:
5131:
5128:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5035:
5034:
5033:Modern period
5031:
5029:
5026:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5008:
5007:
5004:
5000:
4997:
4996:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4986:
4984:
4982:
4978:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4939:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4919:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4904:
4902:
4898:
4894:
4890:
4889:Western world
4883:
4878:
4876:
4871:
4869:
4864:
4863:
4860:
4853:
4849:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:(2008-03-13).
4835:
4834:
4833:The Economist
4830:
4827:
4824:
4823:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4808:
4805:
4801:
4800:
4795:
4791:
4786:
4785:
4775:
4771:
4767:
4763:
4759:
4753:
4749:
4745:
4741:
4737:
4733:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4719:
4718:9780199664603
4715:
4711:
4707:
4703:
4699:
4696:
4692:
4691:
4679:
4675:
4669:
4662:
4656:
4646:
4636:
4626:
4617:
4609:
4607:0-19-820171-0
4603:
4599:
4594:
4593:
4584:
4570:on 2012-12-17
4569:
4565:
4561:
4557:
4553:
4549:
4545:
4541:
4534:
4520:
4516:
4510:
4501:
4492:
4488:
4487:
4479:
4471:
4469:0-674-16987-5
4465:
4461:
4454:
4440:on 2019-10-03
4436:
4432:
4428:
4421:
4414:
4406:
4402:
4398:
4394:
4387:
4372:
4368:
4362:
4347:
4343:
4342:"Earl Warren"
4337:
4335:
4320:
4316:
4315:"Earl Warren"
4309:
4307:
4298:
4292:
4278:
4274:
4267:
4265:
4250:
4246:
4240:
4234:
4230:
4227:
4223:
4217:
4210:
4206:
4202:
4196:
4189:
4183:
4176:
4170:
4163:
4157:
4150:
4144:
4137:
4131:
4124:
4120:
4116:
4112:
4108:
4104:
4101:
4094:
4087:
4083:
4079:
4075:
4072:
4068:
4063:
4052:
4048:
4044:
4037:
4030:
4023:
4019:
4015:
4011:
4008:
4003:
3995:
3991:
3987:
3980:
3973:
3972:
3965:
3957:
3950:
3944:
3943:9780906321737
3940:
3936:
3930:
3922:
3918:
3911:
3903:
3899:
3895:
3891:
3885:
3878:
3874:
3870:
3866:
3865:
3860:
3859:0-393-31040-X
3856:
3852:
3846:
3839:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3823:
3816:
3810:
3796:
3792:
3786:
3779:
3775:
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3770:
3763:
3756:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3740:
3733:
3727:
3708:
3704:
3697:
3695:
3687:
3680:
3674:
3667:
3666:
3660:
3653:
3649:
3645:
3639:
3632:
3628:
3624:
3618:
3616:
3608:
3604:
3601:
3596:
3588:
3586:0-674-16987-5
3582:
3578:
3571:
3564:
3560:
3556:
3550:
3546:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
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3498:
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3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
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3476:
3473:
3471:
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3466:
3463:
3462:
3456:
3454:
3450:
3446:
3442:
3438:
3433:
3423:
3421:
3416:
3412:
3408:
3398:
3396:
3391:
3390:Norman Davies
3387:
3377:
3374:
3370:
3366:
3365:
3361:utilized the
3360:
3345:
3343:
3342:National Diet
3339:
3335:
3332:
3331:parliamentary
3329:
3325:
3321:
3311:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3296:Liberal Party
3293:
3289:
3280:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3265:
3261:
3255:
3251:
3241:
3231:
3229:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3201:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3181:
3179:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3165:John Marshall
3162:
3157:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3128:
3124:
3115:
3111:
3109:
3105:
3099:
3095:
3092:
3091:United States
3081:
3074:United States
3067:
3062:
3059:
3058:David Fellman
3055:
3054:
3053:
3043:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3028:United States
3023:
3021:
3015:
3013:
3006:
3004:
2994:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2970:
2967:
2961:
2958:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2931:Core features
2928:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2913:
2912:constitutions
2910:The study of
2903:
2899:
2894:
2892:
2882:
2873:
2870:
2859:
2856:
2849:
2847:
2846:David Fellman
2843:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2824:
2819:
2817:
2813:
2802:
2797:
2795:
2790:
2788:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2762:
2752:
2750:
2740:
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2738:
2737:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
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2713:
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2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
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2683:
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2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
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2653:
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2648:
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2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2576:
2568:
2567:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2547:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2519:
2518:
2511:
2510:United States
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2492:
2486:
2485:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
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2424:
2418:
2417:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
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2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2201:
2195:
2194:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2111:
2103:
2102:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1947:Individualism
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1827:Direct action
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
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1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
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1768:
1765:
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1755:
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1743:
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1719:
1715:
1714:
1704:
1699:
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1681:
1676:
1671:
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1659:
1654:
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1636:
1634:
1631:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1618:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1600:
1599:Individualism
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1568:
1565:
1561:
1558:
1557:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1532:
1526:
1525:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1501:
1498:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1479:
1478:United States
1476:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1453:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1078:Latin America
1076:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1067:
1062:
1061:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
988:
983:Organizations
980:
979:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
768:
762:
761:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
524:
521:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
501:
499:
496:
494:
491:
490:
487:
482:
481:
473:
470:
468:
465:
464:
461:
456:
455:
448:
445:
441:
440:Welfare state
438:
436:
433:
432:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
375:
374:
371:
367:
364:
362:
359:
358:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
329:
327:
324:
320:
317:
315:
312:
311:
310:
307:
305:
304:
303:Laissez-faire
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
283:
280:
276:
273:
271:
268:
266:
263:
259:
256:
254:
251:
250:
249:
246:
245:
244:
241:
239:
236:
232:
229:
227:
224:
223:
222:
219:
217:
214:
212:
209:
207:
204:
202:
199:
197:
194:
193:
187:
186:
179:
176:
174:
171:
169:
166:
164:
161:
157:
154:
152:
149:
145:
142:
141:
140:
137:
136:
135:
132:
130:
127:
125:
122:
120:
117:
115:
112:
110:
107:
105:
102:
100:
97:
93:
90:
89:
88:
85:
83:
80:
78:
75:
73:
70:
69:
63:
62:
58:
54:
53:
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6066:Western Bloc
5866:AUSCANNZUKUS
5822:Contemporary
5771:Human rights
5765:
5617:Latin Church
5591:Christianity
5541:
5500:Conservatism
5345:contemporary
5182:Architecture
5118:World War II
5078:Emancipation
5073:Abolitionism
4961:Romanization
4956:Roman legacy
4937:Roman Empire
4831:
4820:
4797:
4730:
4701:
4694:
4678:the original
4668:
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4568:the original
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4518:
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4435:the original
4430:
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4373:. 1974-07-10
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4345:
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4319:www.mtsu.edu
4318:
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4276:
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4248:
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3994:the original
3989:
3979:
3970:
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3794:
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3707:the original
3702:
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3643:
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3570:
3554:
3549:
3429:
3404:
3394:
3383:
3380:Prescriptive
3373:liberum veto
3372:
3367:, a form of
3364:liberum veto
3362:
3356:
3317:
3286:
3283:Prescriptive
3258:
3200:Warren Court
3192:civil rights
3176:
3159:Two notable
3158:
3138:constitution
3131:
3118:Prescriptive
3112:
3100:
3096:
3088:
3050:
3031:
3025:
3017:
3008:
3000:
2979:civil rights
2976:
2965:
2962:
2954:
2917:
2909:
2901:
2896:
2891:Wil Waluchow
2888:
2885:Prescriptive
2879:
2866:
2851:
2820:
2811:
2810:
2594:Anti-fascism
2579:Abolitionism
2495:South Africa
2462:Korwin-Mikke
2198:Philosophers
2184:War on Drugs
2027:Right to die
1932:Gift economy
1772:Anti-statism
1633:Pirate Party
1493:Jeffersonian
1401:South Africa
891:Lloyd George
486:Philosophers
393:To bear arms
341:Open society
301:
77:Conservative
6006:Open Balkan
5824:integration
5754:Rule of law
5749:Natural law
5726:Agnosticism
5704:Hellenistic
5682:Anglo-Saxon
5612:Catholicism
5551:Atlanticism
5456:Rationalism
5262:Immigration
5245:Esotericism
5103:World War I
5068:Romanticism
5048:Reformation
5028:Renaissance
5006:Middle Ages
4971:Christendom
4900:Foundations
4224:1:424–450.
3525:Rule of law
3453:Arab Spring
3415:Puerto Rico
3353:Descriptive
3245:Descriptive
3169:Earl Warren
3085:Descriptive
2981:as well as
2940:Magna Carta
2876:Descriptive
2855:rule of law
2707:Objectivism
2421:Politicians
2164:Objectivism
2159:LGBT rights
2144:Immigration
1977:Natural law
1867:Free market
1842:Evictionism
1817:Departurism
1461:Gladstonian
1421:Switzerland
1406:South Korea
1349:Philippines
1309:New Zealand
1304:Netherlands
961:Verhofstadt
956:Balcerowicz
765:Politicians
693:Collingwood
633:Tocqueville
508:Montesquieu
400:Rule of law
201:Due process
6091:Categories
6026:Rio Treaty
5537:Relativism
5495:Liberalism
5461:Empiricism
5413:Philosophy
5401:Secularism
5352:Philosophy
5289:Literature
5083:Capitalism
4766:2008009151
4710:0199664609
4574:2009-05-18
4524:2019-10-21
4444:2019-10-21
4377:2019-10-06
4352:2019-09-01
4324:2019-09-15
4282:2019-10-21
4254:2019-10-21
3800:2019-10-21
3703:utexas.edu
3541:References
3407:Juan Bosch
3393:nobility (
3276:Parliament
3238:See also:
3224:to silence
3202:started a
3150:government
3134:government
2997:Criticisms
2987:minorities
2920:A.V. Dicey
2863:Definition
2545:Liberalism
2047:Single tax
1942:Illegalism
1882:Free trade
1742:Abstention
1589:Empiricism
1560:Democratic
1555:Capitalism
1466:Manchester
1299:Montenegro
1284:Luxembourg
1220:Venizelism
1150:Costa Rica
405:Secularism
238:Federalism
190:Principles
49:Liberalism
5971:Five Eyes
5966:EU–UK TCA
5808:Democracy
5697:Old Norse
5586:Abrahamic
5543:Peritrope
5525:Tolerance
5505:Socialism
5335:Mythology
5323:Classical
5272:Languages
5250:Astrology
5098:Modernism
4912:Old World
4774:750831024
2991:democracy
2834:citizenry
2830:liberties
2647:Fusionism
2550:classical
2535:Anarchism
2452:Goldwater
2442:Cleveland
2432:Gladstone
2304:De Cleyre
2229:Jefferson
2204:La Boétie
2134:Criticism
2062:Squatting
1862:Free love
1604:Anarchist
1512:Venezuela
1488:Classical
1456:Cobdenism
1359:Cracovian
1314:Nicaragua
1279:Lithuania
1138:Hong Kong
1093:Australia
931:Roosevelt
901:StĂĄhlberg
896:Venizelos
851:Sarmiento
841:Gladstone
801:Lamartine
771:Jefferson
623:Martineau
573:De Gouges
558:Condorcet
543:Priestley
206:Democracy
178:Third Way
139:Christian
134:Religious
72:Classical
6031:Schengen
5961:Eurozone
5801:Property
5796:Religion
5687:Frankish
5677:Germanic
5657:Paganism
5578:Religion
5566:European
5478:Humanism
5381:Religion
5340:Painting
5306:Internet
5257:Folklore
5228:Clothing
5199:Calendar
5175:Cyrillic
5160:Alphabet
5123:Cold War
4848:Archived
4818:MJC Vile
4564:55627046
4405:23408735
4291:cite web
4229:Archived
4103:Archived
4074:Archived
4010:Archived
3869:Archived
3774:Archived
3603:Archived
3459:See also
3395:szlachta
3336:with an
3152:and the
2838:minority
2657:Georgism
2447:Coolidge
2399:Lottieri
2354:Rothbard
2344:Bookchin
2324:Paterson
2269:Proudhon
2244:Hodgskin
2214:Franklin
2114:Abortion
1972:Localism
1734:Concepts
1718:a series
1716:Part of
1594:Humanism
1567:Centrism
1517:Zimbabwe
1471:Whiggism
1431:Thailand
1396:Slovenia
1391:Slovakia
1366:Portugal
1339:Paraguay
1262:Liberism
1227:Honduras
1145:Colombia
1118:Bulgaria
911:Rathenau
886:Milyukov
806:Macaulay
776:Kołłątaj
748:Kymlicka
728:Friedman
673:Cassirer
663:Hobhouse
598:Constant
593:Humboldt
553:Beccaria
518:Rousseau
513:Voltaire
356:Property
319:Positive
314:Negative
270:Religion
248:Economic
221:Equality
144:Catholic
114:National
109:Muscular
87:Feminist
82:Cultural
41:a series
39:Part of
5876:Benelux
5781:Thought
5731:Atheism
5672:Finnish
5648:Culture
5643:Judaism
5605:Eastern
5601:Western
5596:Culture
5530:Paradox
5396:Decline
5357:Science
5233:History
5221:Studies
5204:Cuisine
5192:Periods
5152:Culture
4981:History
4947:Eastern
4942:Western
4893:culture
4796:(ed.).
4728:(ed.).
3409:in the
3338:Emperor
3328:unitary
3306:in the
3204:liberal
3148:to the
3038:" and "
2944:England
2832:of the
2555:radical
2467:Johnson
2427:Bastiat
2409:Brennan
2384:Van Dun
2359:Chomsky
2309:Goldman
2294:Herbert
2289:Spencer
2284:Thoreau
2279:Bakunin
2274:Andrews
2264:Spooner
2259:Stirner
2254:Emerson
2234:Bentham
1962:Liberty
1507:Uruguay
1446:Ukraine
1436:Tunisia
1381:Senegal
1371:Romania
1319:Nigeria
1294:Moldova
1237:Iceland
1232:Hungary
1210:Germany
1205:Georgia
1195:Finland
1190:Estonia
1180:Ecuador
1175:Denmark
1170:Czechia
1155:Croatia
1108:Bolivia
1103:Belgium
1098:Austria
1088:Armenia
1083:Albania
951:Jenkins
946:Kennedy
936:Pearson
921:Einaudi
906:Gokhale
866:Itagaki
861:Naoroji
856:Mommsen
836:Lincoln
826:Mazzini
811:Kossuth
796:Broglie
791:BolĂvar
786:Artigas
781:Madison
643:Spencer
628:Emerson
618:Bastiat
603:Ricardo
563:Bentham
503:Spinoza
460:History
361:Private
309:Liberty
243:Freedom
163:Secular
151:Islamic
129:Radical
66:Schools
5896:CANZUK
5786:Speech
5714:Slavic
5692:Gothic
5667:Celtic
5662:Baltic
5561:Values
5362:Values
4922:Greece
4772:
4764:
4754:
4716:
4708:
4604:
4562:
4493:, 348.
4466:
4403:
4222:Annals
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4109:," 35
4084:
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3941:
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3561:
3154:rights
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2404:Huemer
2389:Konkin
2369:Machan
2364:Nozick
2314:Gandhi
2299:George
2249:Warren
2239:Godwin
2106:Issues
1500:Modern
1441:Turkey
1426:Taiwan
1416:Sweden
1386:Serbia
1376:Russia
1354:Poland
1334:Panama
1329:Norway
1289:Mexico
1274:Latvia
1252:Israel
1215:Greece
1200:France
1165:Cyprus
1123:Canada
1113:Brazil
1073:Europe
971:Macron
916:Madero
881:Deakin
871:Levski
846:Cavour
831:Juárez
821:Cobden
753:Badawi
743:Nozick
723:Berlin
713:Popper
688:Keynes
683:Ortega
648:Arnold
608:Guizot
568:Korais
533:Turgot
493:Milton
373:Rights
366:Public
275:Speech
253:Market
226:Gender
173:Techno
168:Social
156:Jewish
92:Equity
6051:USMCA
5906:CEFTA
5861:AUKUS
5851:ANZUS
5846:ANZUK
5791:Press
5709:Roman
5374:Sport
5318:Chant
5313:Music
5301:Media
5294:Canon
5240:Dance
5170:Latin
5165:Greek
5011:early
4792:. In
4650:2011.
4640:2011.
4630:2011.
4560:S2CID
4438:(PDF)
4423:(PDF)
4401:JSTOR
4054:(PDF)
4039:(PDF)
3716:2 May
3710:(PDF)
3699:(PDF)
3324:Japan
3314:Japan
2500:Spain
2472:Milei
2437:Acton
2394:Hoppe
2374:Block
2329:Hayek
2319:Mises
2224:Paine
2219:Burke
2209:Locke
1626:Right
1411:Spain
1269:Japan
1257:Italy
1242:India
1185:Egypt
1133:China
1128:Chile
966:Obama
941:Ohlin
876:Kemal
733:Rawls
708:Hayek
698:ÄŚapek
678:Mises
668:Croce
658:Weber
653:Acton
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548:Paine
538:Burke
523:Smith
498:Locke
265:Press
258:Trade
231:Legal
99:Green
6011:OSCE
5991:NATO
5936:EFTA
5901:CBSS
5886:BSEC
5776:Life
5328:Folk
5209:Diet
5021:late
5016:high
4932:Rome
4891:and
4770:OCLC
4762:LCCN
4752:ISBN
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4714:ISBN
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4464:ISBN
4297:link
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