391:
383:, placed in the ground for safekeeping by the population, point to this troubled era. One such treasure with 4000 coins, probably from the middle of the 3rd century, was found in 1858. In the last third of the 3rd century the construction of a Roman fort led to a revival, which is marked by numerous finds. The fort had a width of 134 m in east–west direction and was 152 m long. The walls were 2.9 m thick. At all four corners were square towers (6.73 m) with a wall thickness of 2.25 m. In the years 1961-63 and 1965 a temple complex with
348:
186:
371:
253:
424:
403:
336:). During the great drought of 1842 by the growth differential he was able to trace numerous foundations of ancient Pachten's buildings in the meadows of former farming villages. Schmitt estimated a population of about 2000 people for Gallo-Roman Pachten. In 1865 Georg Balzer interpreted some of the foundations discovered by Schmitt as a Roman fort.
410:
Outside the Roman Vicus, in the area of today's road between
Dillingen and Beckingen, the old B 51, a large Roman complex of a villa with five buildings on Hylborn was excavated based on the discoveries by Philipp Schmitt in the 1970s. The complex was begun in Celtic times in 90 BC and lasted to
216:
to the gods was widespread. From
Pachten two such stones have been preserved: the Contiomagus Stone and the Merkur Stone. The latter was found in 1847 on the first plowing of a marshy spot in the "Nachtweide". The inscription of the white sandstone sculpture (39 Ă— 23 Ă— 10 cm with a letter height
398:
A possible cult center is also suspected in the area of today's parish church of St. Maximinus. The fort was destroyed at the end of the 4th or the beginning of the 5th century. The sandstone blocks found in the fortifications between 1961 and 1963, measuring up to 2.6 m in length and featuring
263:
The
Contiomagus stone was found during excavation work October 22, 1955. The stone had been re-used as the foundation stone of a corner tower of the fort of Contiomagus. The grayish-yellow sandstone is 66 Ă— 45 Ă— 28 cm with the height of the inscribed part 46 cm. The upper part of the stone
445:
monogram XP, which was surrounded by two pigeons carved on the stone, in contrast to the other inscriptions. Such inscriptions are very rare in rural areas, since
Christianity developed there later than in urban settlements. The peculiar orientation of the church to south-southwest-north-northeast,
298:
The first and last lines of the dedication are written in abbreviations and heavily weathered. During temporary storage of the find in SaarbrĂĽcken it was misused by workmen, out of ignorance, as a support for the processing of building materials and thereby suffered further damage. As a result, the
76:
The name of the place, "Contiomagus", consists of the Celtic word component "magus" (market) and the short form "Contio" for
Condate/Confluentes (confluence). As a "confluence" one must assume the mouth of the Prims into the Saar, located in the immediate vicinity of Contiomagus. A similar name has
480:
site a grave was found in 2009 documenting the change from Celtic to Roman ways of life. The replica of the tombstone of a child attached to the church of St. Maximin in
Pachten shows symbols of the role of Christianity at that time. One of the 16 towers of the fort was rebuilt in 2009. Many finds
466:
period were also discovered. These
Frankish-Merovingian tombs were fenced with Roman stones. Based on further grave finds in the vicinity of today's church it appears that Pachten in the post-Roman period, lay in ruins only a short time, if at all, and was repopulated by at least the 7th century.
306:
in
Pechten is the small sculpture of the god from years around the beginning of the 3rd century, discovered in 1961 during the excavation for construction of a factory. Statuettes of other Roman and Egyptian gods were also found. The following centuries brought a period of prosperity for Pachten,
475:
Systematic investigations in the 20th century have to date uncovered more than 560 graves and the remains of temples, theaters, villas and houses. Most date to the third and fourth centuries AD. A wealth of glass, metal objects, remains of colored wall plaster, heaters, and pottery attest to
415:
heating and black and white mosaic floors, which are decorated with right- and left-turning swastikas. The luxurious building facilities also included a wooden water pipe, whose hollowed oak trunks were connected with iron sleeves and supplied the system with fresh spring water. By
343:
took place in
Pachten. They discovered an extensive Roman civil settlement between today's railways in the east and the Wilhelmstrasse area. Similarly, a Frankish graveyard was found near the medieval village church, probably in the vicinity of a late Roman burial ground.
268:
piece presumably represents a seated goddess, who is dressed in a tunic, which has strong drapery. To the right of the goddess a small animal, perhaps a dog, is visible to the viewer. The inscription, whose letters have a height of about 4 cm, reads:
248:
must have existed in
Pachten or the immediate vicinity. The discovery of the sacred stone led to the assumption that the ancient name of today's Pachten was "Crutisio", but this assumption was refuted by the discovery of the Contiomagus stone.
136:(vicus Saravus) to StraĂźburg, while the northern route passed through Tholey and Schwarzenacker, then rejoined with the Saar valley route. Both routes were connected via the cross-connections Contiomagus-Tholey and SaarbrĂĽcken-Schwarzenacker.
378:
The peace of the Gallo-Roman vicus was severely disturbed by invasions of the Germans beginning in the 3rd century. Pachten was nearly razed to the ground during the invasion of the Franks in 275–6. Burnt layers and buried
355:
The Roman burial ground in the MargarethenstraĂźe was discovered accidentally in 1950 and excavated by the Conservatory of Saarland through the 1960s. The excavations uncovered over 500 graves, each with three to 14 items
204:, with its provincial capital at Trier. The Treveri gradually assimilated Roman culture, the Celtic language maintained itself in the country well into the 4th century AD. Celtic religion mingled
244:
of urns, jugs and small consecration vessels. Coloni are tenant farmers who depend on a large landowner. From this it follows that at the time of the dedication of the stone a
626:
367:
of the Saar, in the summer of 1985, the remains of a Roman road were discovered that led from the Saar to the fort and the settlement, dating back to the second century AD.
399:
names in large lettering, were interpreted by the researchers as the seats of a small cult theater from the second half of the 2nd century, belonging to a temple complex.
155:
In the years 58–51 BC Caesar's troops conquered the area along the Saar. The region was located at the border between the Celtic tribes of the Treveri and the
159:. The names of the carvings of the "Pachtener Sitzsteine" (seating, presumably from a cult theater) suggest the settlement of both tribes in the Pachten area.
174:(pons Saravi), Saarbrücken and Pachten (Contiomagus). In the 3rd century, Contiomagus was threatened by the Germans, and 275–276 it was destroyed by the
148:
in the vicinity of today's Dillingen, around the Limberg, on the Prims, and at the mouth of the Nied at the arrival of the Romans. A sword from the late
295:
or Ca...ioni for the safety of the inhabitants of Contiomagus Tertinius Modestus." Pritona can be interpreted as a river goddess or goddess of trade.
61:
from 58 to 51 BC. The location on the intersecting trunk roads Trier-StraĂźburg and Metz-Mainz as well as the existence of a ford across the
332:
The most intense and fundamental research on this period was done by Philipp Schmitt, who served as pastor in Dillingen from 1833 to 1848 (
756:
73:
favored the development of Contiomagus. Coin finds indicate that the settlement originated around 10 BC and lasted for 200 years.
34:
310:
Long before archaeological research into the history of Pachten was undertaken, the existence of a Roman settlement was known. The
360:. Of particular importance are the terracotta figures, which are probably all from children's graves and are interpreted as toys.
96:(Mogontiacum) ran through the Nied valley and crossed the Saar at Contiomagus, continuing along the banks of the Prims and the
112:. In 244 AD, the crossing of the Saar was improved by the construction of a wooden bridge at Contiomagus. The road from
684:
568:
546:
503:
441:, the tombstone of a three-year-old boy, discovered in the old church. The special meaning of the stone lies in the
454:, who died in 346, indicate that already in late antiquity there was a Christian church in Pachten. When the later
340:
766:
364:
713:
700:
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expressed by the size of the village and the number of excavation finds, especially in the cemetery.
761:
455:
314:
311:
523:
Alecu, Maria Danliea, Franke, Peter Robert: "Der römische Münzfund von Dillingen-Pachten". In:
170:(r.364–375), there was merchant shipping on the Saar. The chief locations were the bridges in
390:
209:
8:
303:
38:
725:
477:
411:
234 AD. The largest building has a length of 68 m. The rooms partly enjoyed
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680:
564:
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499:
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and surrounding columned gallery was found within the fort, in the southeast corner.
451:
417:
234:
179:
576:
347:
482:
30:
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scientific interpretation of the first and last lines is still controversial.
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750:
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Historische Notizen ĂĽber die Stadt Saarlouis und deren unmittelbare Umgebung
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Der Kreis Saarlouis und seine nächste Umgebung unter den Römern und Kelten
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117:
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23:
650:
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The presence of Christians in Pachten is indicated by finds such as the
423:
162:
Contiomagus was primarily a trading town. According to the testimony of
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of Crutisio had this erected to the god Mercury by Dannus Giamillus."
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171:
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Here rests in peace the innocent Ursus, aged 3 years and 46 days.
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Manuscrit tiré des archives même de Sarrelouis et de ses environs
197:
145:
82:
292:
265:
200:
of the Treveri, including Pachten, belonged to the province of
175:
105:
101:
54:
559:
Kolling, Alfons: "Saravus-Flumen, Römertum im Saarland". In:
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245:
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113:
109:
97:
93:
66:
26:
53:
Contiomagus was founded during the colonization phase after
125:
89:
78:
70:
58:
552:
Brunner, H.: "Eine ägyptische Statuette aus Pachten". In:
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Alföldi, Maria: "Die “Fälscherförmchen” von Pachten". In:
431:
IN PACE QUI ESCIT UR SUS INNOCEN S QUI VIXIT AN III D XLVI
144:
There were already settlements of the Celtic tribe of the
339:
In the years 1891 and 1935 systematic excavations of the
277: VINAE . SIVE . CA . .
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Seats from the cult theater (Saarlandmuseum SaarbrĂĽcken)
496:
Das Gräberfeld „Margarethenstraße“ in Dillingen-Pachten
420:
the water pipe could be dated to the year 163 AD.
279: IONI . PRO . SALVTE
275: . T . PRITONAE . DI
325:
judicial counselor and notary Nicolas Bernard Motte (
285: TINIUS . MODESTUS
283: OMAGI . ENSIVMTER
281: VICANORUM . CONTI
406:
Mosaic floor from the Villa Hylborn (Museum Pachten)
287: F . C . V . S .
33:. The location today is the site of the district of
132:along the Saar Valley and went via Contiomagus and
223: OLONI CRVTISIO
221: DEO MERCVRIO C
554:Bericht der staatlichen Denkmalpflege im Saarland
525:Bericht der staatlichen Denkmalpflege im Saarland
229: VM GIAMILLVM
225: NES FERVNT DE
748:
511:Das römische Pachten, Katalog zu der Ausstellung
446:in the direction of the old Roman road, and the
374:2009 reconstruction of a tower of the Roman fort
291:A possible translation might be: "To the divine
227: SVO PER DANN
81:(Contionacum) at the mouth of the Saar into the
152:was found in 1967 in Pachten (Leipziger Ring).
321:) has an entry. In the following century, the
65:(Saravus) and the proximity to the valleys of
16:Archaeological site in Dillingen/Saar, Germany
628:The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites
273: . O . D .
476:prosperity. During construction work on the
458:church was torn down for construction of a
363:During the construction work following the
264:of is broken off and missing. The existing
182:. During reconstruction, a fort was built.
679:. Stiftung Römermuseum Homburg-Saarpfalz.
625:Stilwell, William L.; et al. (1976).
677:Die Römerstadt in Homburg-Schwarzenacker
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422:
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302:Another indication of the veneration of
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674:
581:(in French). Lorraine: Chez A. Leseure.
749:
574:
714:SaarbrĂĽcker Zeitung vom 23. Juni 2009
701:"SR-online, Tour de Kultur 2002]"
726:"Geschichte der Pfarrei St. Maximin"
518:Geschichte der Stadt Dillingen/Saar
351:Bird statuette from a child's grave
13:
488:
240:In the immediate vicinity lay the
14:
778:
757:Roman towns and cities in Germany
655:Digital Atlas of the Roman Empire
513:. Dillingen 1986, OCLC 633277709.
317:in his 1757 history of Lorraine (
88:The route of the Roman road from
730:Pfarreiengemeinschaft Dillingen
718:
707:
693:
668:
643:
618:
593:
462:church in 1891 tombs from the
166:, a court official of Emperor
139:
128:. The southern route led from
1:
586:
208:with the Roman deities (the "
651:"Vicus Contiomagus, Pachten"
631:. Princeton University Press
534:. Band 52, 1974, S. 426–447.
498:. Habelt Verlag, Bonn 2005,
7:
561:Die Römer an Mosel und Saar
212:"). The custom of erecting
10:
783:
575:Calmet, Augustin (1748).
329:) studied Roman Pechten.
196:In the Roman Empire, the
48:
29:in the Roman province of
675:Kolling, Alfons (1993).
470:
178:at the beginning of the
116:(Augusta Treverorum) to
527:, 16. SaarbrĂĽcken 1969.
37:in the municipality of
481:are on display in the
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556:, 11. 1964, S. 59–62.
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217:of 3 cm) reads:
188:
767:Gallo-Roman religion
578:Histoire de Lorraine
319:Histoire de Lorraine
210:Interpretatio Romana
601:"Vicus Contiomagus"
509:Schmidt, Gertrud:
494:Glansdorp, Edith:
435:
408:
396:
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353:
341:Landesmuseum Trier
261:
233:Translation: "The
194:
520:. Dillingen 1968.
257:Contiomagus Stone
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537:Baltzer, Georg:
516:Lehnert, Aloys:
452:Maximin of Trier
418:tree-ring dating
312:Benedictine monk
259:(Pachten Museum)
206:syncretistically
192:(Pachten Museum)
180:Migration Period
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489:Further reading
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92:(Divodurum) to
57:'s conquest of
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762:Gallia Belgica
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563:. Mainz 1983,
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483:Museum Pachten
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31:Gallia Belgica
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214:votive stones
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202:Belgica Prima
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190:Mercury Stone
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168:Valentinian I
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124:) divided at
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733:. Retrieved
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157:Mediomatrici
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122:Argentoratum
87:
75:
52:
19:
18:
571:, S. 53–67.
464:Merovingian
439:Ursus Stone
428:Ursus stone
381:coin hoards
358:grave goods
140:Development
134:SaarbrĂĽcken
24:Gallo-Roman
20:Contiomagus
751:Categories
587:References
460:Neo-gothic
456:Romanesque
315:Dom Calmet
172:Sarrebourg
77:the place
448:patronage
413:hypocaust
323:Saarlouis
130:Beckingen
118:StraĂźburg
39:Dillingen
735:June 22,
660:June 22,
635:June 22,
610:June 22,
605:vici.org
541:. 1979,
532:Germania
164:Ausonius
43:Saarland
443:Chi Rho
304:Mercury
293:Pritona
198:Civitas
150:La Tène
146:Treveri
108:to the
83:Moselle
35:Pachten
683:
567:
545:
502:
266:relief
242:shards
235:coloni
176:Franks
106:Tholey
102:Lebach
55:Caesar
49:Origin
22:was a
471:Finds
385:cella
246:villa
114:Trier
110:Rhine
98:Theel
94:Mainz
67:Prims
27:vicus
737:2018
681:ISBN
662:2018
637:2018
612:2018
565:ISBN
543:ISBN
500:ISBN
126:Zerf
104:and
100:via
90:Metz
79:Konz
71:Nied
69:and
63:Saar
59:Gaul
450:of
753::
728:.
653:.
603:.
485:.
85:.
45:.
41:,
739:.
703:.
689:.
664:.
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506:.
120:(
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