47:
887:
950:), chiefly to demonstrate family relations between cognate languages, or to illustrate the historical developments of one or more languages, modern contrastive linguistics intends to show in what ways the two respective languages differ, in order to help in the solution of practical problems. (Sometimes the terms
397:
71:
407:
985:), and to find lexical equivalents in the process of compiling bilingual dictionaries, as illustrated by Heltai (1988) and Hartmann (1991) (see
1027:
Contrastive linguistic studies can also be applied to the differential description of one or more varieties within a language, such as styles (
310:
419:
1024:
have been shown to be relevant in intralingual and interlingual contrastive studies, e.g. by 'parallel-text' analysis (Hartmann 1997).
445:
392:
934:
approach that seeks to describe the differences and similarities between a pair of languages (hence it is occasionally called "
981:
texts from one language into another, as demonstrated by Vinay & Darbelnet (1958) and more recently by Hatim (1997) (see
914:
279:
254:
804:
305:
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764:
824:
769:
542:
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208:
193:
1235:
1230:
1168:
Hartmann, R.R.K. (1997) "From contrastive textology to parallel text corpora: Theory and applications", in
1137:
Hartmann, R.R.K. (1997) "From contrastive textology to parallel text corpora: Theory and applications", in
744:
610:
1186:
Heltai, P. (1988) "Contrastive analysis of terminological systems and bilingual technical dictionaries",
864:
570:
331:
300:
126:
269:
907:
854:
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431:
1001:
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382:
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264:
111:
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20:
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565:
462:
414:
274:
116:
30:
992:
Contrastive descriptions can occur at every level of linguistic structure: speech sounds (
8:
966:
670:
600:
575:
547:
341:
198:
157:
147:
121:
96:
1021:
890:
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203:
81:
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1163:
Woerterbuecher/Dictionaries/Dictionnaires. International
Encyclopedia of Lexicography
1126:
Woerterbuecher/Dictionaries/Dictionnaires. International
Encyclopedia of Lexicography
1109:"Contrastive analysis of terminological systems and bilingual technical dictionaries"
886:
734:
712:
655:
326:
177:
61:
1017:
834:
665:
660:
635:
630:
615:
352:
1181:
Communication across
Cultures. Translation Theory and Contrastive Text Linguistics
1096:
Communication across
Cultures. Translation Theory and Contrastive Text Linguistics
1161:
Hartmann, R.R.K. (1991) "Contrastive linguistics and bilingual lexicography", in
1124:
Hartmann, R.R.K. (1991) "Contrastive linguistics and bilingual lexicography", in
357:
336:
973:
errors in foreign-language learning, as advocated by Di Pietro (1971) (see also
679:
1219:
249:
152:
722:
512:
46:
1171:
1139:
Language
History and Linguistic Modelling. A Festschrift for Jacek Fisiak
1045:
1009:
997:
982:
978:
962:
931:
874:
849:
470:
228:
223:
38:
946:
While traditional linguistic studies had developed comparative methods (
1165:
ed. by F.J. Hausmann et al. (Vol. III, pp. 2854–2859), De
Gruyter.
1005:
844:
527:
377:
1202:
Linguistics across cultures: Applied linguistics for language teachers
993:
819:
814:
650:
640:
532:
522:
218:
1128:
ed. by F.J. Hausmann et al. (Vol. III, pp. 2854-2859), De
Gruyter.
213:
1013:
537:
372:
367:
1031:), dialects, registers or terminologies of technical genres.
977:), to assist interlingual transfer in the process of
965:in the 1950s, has often been linked to aspects of
1217:
1209:Stylistique Comparée du Français et de l'Anglais
1083:Stylistique Comparée du Français et de l'Anglais
961:Contrastive linguistics, since its inception by
958:are used to refer to these two perspectives.)
1176:ed. by R. Hickey & S. Puppel. De Gruyter.
1170:Language History and Linguistic Modelling. A
1141:ed. by R. Hickey & S. Puppel. De Gruyter.
908:
439:
1204:. University of Michigan Press: Ann Arbor,.
915:
901:
446:
432:
1207:Vinay, J.P. & Darbelnet, J. (1958)
1081:Vinay, J.P. & Darbelnet, J. (1958)
1218:
1195:Understanding English-German Contrasts
398:Bhagavad-gita translations by language
1188:International Journal of Lexicography
1113:International Journal of Lexicography
255:Internationalization and localization
16:Practice-oriented linguistic approach
805:Conservative and innovative language
13:
388:Books and magazines on translation
14:
1247:
1193:König, E. & V. Gast (2007).
885:
45:
1197:. Berlin: Erich Schmidt Verlag.
1156:Language Structures in Contrast
1070:Language Structures in Contrast
1131:
1118:
1101:
1088:
1075:
1062:
1020:). Various techniques used in
420:Kural translations by language
393:Bible translations by language
168:Dynamic and formal equivalence
1:
1183:, University of Exeter Press.
1147:
1098:, University of Exeter Press.
408:List of most translated works
209:Translation management system
745:Functional discourse grammar
611:Ethnography of communication
7:
1034:
865:Second-language acquisition
10:
1252:
1016:) and complete discourse (
941:
543:Syntax–semantics interface
18:
1190:Vol. 1(1) pp. 32–40.
855:Philosophy of linguistics
755:Interactional linguistics
1056:
383:Journalistic translation
19:Not to be confused with
1154:Di Pietro, R.J. (1971)
1068:Di Pietro, R.J. (1971)
1012:), sentence structure (
948:comparative linguistics
930:is a practice-oriented
928:Contrastive linguistics
265:Video game localization
173:Contrastive linguistics
21:comparative linguistics
987:bilingual lexicography
956:synchronic linguistics
952:diachronic linguistics
692:Theoretical frameworks
646:Philosophy of language
626:History of linguistics
348:Telephone interpreting
234:Multimedia translation
586:Conversation analysis
280:Software localization
260:Language localization
163:Translation criticism
92:Linguistic validation
1115:Vol. 1(1) pp. 32-40.
1051:Contrastive rhetoric
1041:Contrastive analysis
1029:contrastive rhetoric
996:), written symbols (
975:contrastive analysis
830:Internet linguistics
740:Construction grammar
275:Website localization
1236:Translation studies
1231:Applied linguistics
1000:), word-formation (
967:applied linguistics
765:Systemic functional
560:Applied linguistics
502:General linguistics
342:Video relay service
199:Machine translation
158:Translation project
148:Translation studies
1107:Heltai, P. (1988)
1022:corpus linguistics
870:Theory of language
840:Origin of language
795:Autonomy of syntax
750:Grammaticalization
596:Discourse analysis
591:Corpus linguistics
204:Mobile translation
1200:Lado, R. (1957).
1179:Hatim, B. (1997)
1094:Hatim, B. (1997)
1004:), word meaning (
969:, e.g., to avoid
925:
924:
713:Distributionalism
656:Psycholinguistics
456:
455:
327:Untranslatability
178:Polysystem theory
1243:
1211:, Didier-Harrap.
1174:for Jacek Fisiak
1158:, Newbury House.
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1135:
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1122:
1116:
1105:
1099:
1092:
1086:
1085:, Didier-Harrap.
1079:
1073:
1072:, Newbury House.
1066:
1008:), collocation (
917:
910:
903:
889:
835:LGBT linguistics
825:Internationalism
800:Compositionality
661:Sociolinguistics
636:Neurolinguistics
631:Interlinguistics
616:Ethnomethodology
458:
457:
448:
441:
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403:Translated books
353:Language barrier
270:Dub localization
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938:linguistics").
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680:Writing systems
571:Anthropological
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358:Fan translation
337:Transliteration
127:Sense-for-sense
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362:of video games
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319:Related topics
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810:Descriptivism
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777:Structuralism
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606:Documentation
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581:Computational
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332:Transcription
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306:Organizations
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293:
292:
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288:Institutional
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251:
250:Glocalization
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153:Skopos theory
151:
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133:
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122:Word-for-word
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72:Bhagavad-gita
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22:
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1133:
1125:
1120:
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1103:
1095:
1090:
1082:
1077:
1069:
1064:
1026:
991:
971:interference
960:
945:
936:differential
935:
927:
926:
723:Glossematics
703:Constituency
675:interpreting
513:Lexicography
296:Associations
242:Localization
186:Technologies
172:
1226:Linguistics
1172:Festschrift
1046:Translation
1010:phraseology
998:orthography
983:translation
979:translating
963:Robert Lado
875:Terminology
850:Orthography
770:Usage-based
671:Translating
566:Acquisition
471:Linguistics
415:Translators
229:Postediting
224:Pre-editing
39:Translation
1220:Categories
1148:References
1006:lexicology
1002:morphology
932:linguistic
845:Orismology
730:Functional
718:Generative
708:Dependency
528:Pragmatics
518:Morphology
508:Diachronic
378:Scanlation
219:Subtitling
132:Homophonic
102:Regulatory
1018:textology
994:phonology
820:Iconicity
815:Etymology
735:Cognitive
698:Formalist
651:Phonetics
641:Philology
533:Semantics
523:Phonology
107:Technical
1035:See also
621:Forensic
601:Distance
548:Typology
463:a series
461:Part of
117:Cultural
67:Literary
31:a series
29:Part of
942:History
576:Applied
486:History
481:Outline
311:Schools
214:Dubbing
97:Medical
1014:syntax
891:Portal
789:Topics
538:Syntax
373:Fandub
368:Fansub
301:Awards
140:Theory
1057:Notes
491:Index
344:(VRS)
87:Kural
82:Quran
77:Bible
62:Legal
54:Types
989:).
954:and
673:and
666:Text
194:CAT
1222::
1111:,
465:on
33:on
916:e
909:t
902:v
447:e
440:t
433:v
364:)
360:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
