757:
611:
849:
but many are infiltrative, and extension into the cortex is common. Most reported cases have been high grade and advanced stage and have not responded to conventional therapies. Most patients are symptomatic at presentation. Immunohistochemical and molecular analyses suggest that collecting duct RCC may resemble transitional cell carcinoma, and some patients with advanced collecting duct RCC have responded to cisplatin- or gemcitabine-based chemotherapy.
1822:
370:"Medullary collecting ducts" are divided into outer and inner segments, the latter reaching more deeply into the medulla. The variable reabsorption of water and, depending on fluid balances and hormonal influences, the reabsorption or secretion of sodium, potassium, hydrogen and bicarbonate ion continues here. Urea passively transports out of duct here and creates 500mOsm gradient.
184:
40:
848:
Carcinoma of the collecting duct is a relatively rare subtype of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), accounting for less than 1% of all RCCs. Many reported cases have occurred in younger patients, often in the third, fourth, or fifth decade of life. Collecting duct carcinomas are derived from the medulla,
748:(RTA type I, classical RTA)(reference). The intercalated cell population is also extensively modified in response to chronic lithium treatment, including the addition of a largely uncharacterized cell type which expressed markers for both intercalated and principal cells.
775:
The wide variation in water reabsorption levels for the collecting duct system reflects its dependence on hormonal activation. The collecting ducts, in particular, the outer medullary and cortical collecting ducts, are largely impermeable to water without the presence of
2460:
485:
These cells work in tandem to reabsorb water, sodium, and urea and secrete acid and potassium. The amount of reabsorption or secretion that occurs is related to needs of the body at any given time. These processes are mediated by
1400:
Kim, Young-Hee; Kwon, Tae-Hwan; Frische, Sebastian; Kim, Jin; Tisher, C. Craig; Madsen, Kirsten M.; Nielsen, Søren (2002-10-01). "Immunocytochemical localization of pendrin in intercalated cell subtypes in rat and mouse kidney".
530:
from the base of the renal pyramid to the apex. It is highest at the renal apex (up to 1200 mOsm). Thus the force driving the reabsorption of water from the collecting system is the greatest in the papillary duct.
602:
channels that provide a physical pathway for water to pass through the principal cells. Together, aldosterone and vasopressin let the principal cell control the quantity of water that is reabsorbed.
1620:. Jameson, J. Larry,, Kasper, Dennis L.,, Longo, Dan L. (Dan Louis), 1949-, Fauci, Anthony S., 1940-, Hauser, Stephen L.,, Loscalzo, Joseph (20th ed.). New York. 13 August 2018. p. 2097.
1444:
Wall, Susan M.; Hassell, Kathryn A.; Royaux, Ines E.; Green, Eric D.; Chang, Judy Y.; Shipley, Gregory L.; Verlander, Jill W. (2003-01-01). "Localization of pendrin in mouse kidney".
1217:
Schlatter, Eberhard; Schafer, James A. (1987). "Electrophysiological studies in principal cells of rat cortical collecting tubules ADH increases the apical membrane Na+-conductance".
1895:
306:. Connecting tubules from several adjacent nephrons merge to form cortical collecting tubules, and these may join to form cortical collecting ducts (CCD). Connecting tubules of some
526:
influences the strength of the force that pulls (reabsorbs) water from the papillary duct into the medullary interstitium. This is especially important in the papillary ducts.
99:
772:
and 5% of the kidney's reabsorption of water. At times of extreme dehydration, over 24% of the filtered water may be reabsorbed in the collecting duct system.
1496:
863:
170:
There are several components of the collecting duct system, including the connecting tubules, cortical collecting ducts, and medullary collecting ducts.
831:
1922:
1875:
1377:
1649:
328:
The initial collecting tubule is a segment with a constitution similar as the collecting duct, but before the convergence with other tubules.
590:
on the collecting tubule). Increases in aldosterone increase expression of luminal sodium channels. Aldosterone also increases the number of
373:
The outer segment of the medullary collecting duct follows the cortical collecting duct. It reaches the level of the renal medulla where the
1262:"Subtypes of intercalated cells in rat kidney collecting duct defined by antibodies against erythroid band 3 and renal vacuolar H+-ATPase"
2385:
2380:
17:
834:
mediates the regulation of secretion of acid by alpha cells in acidosis, and secretion of bicarbonate by beta cells in alkalosis.
198:(a and b respectively), the circular structures, are formed by simple columnar epithelium (a) and simple cuboidal epithelium (b).
1870: – Histology Learning System at Boston University – "Urinary System: kidney, H&E, collecting duct and ascending tubule"
1864: – Histology Learning System at Boston University – "Urinary System: kidney, medulla, collecting duct and ascending tubule"
1625:
933:
378:
374:
1495:
Christensen, Birgitte Mønster; Marples, David; Kim, Young-Hee; Wang, Weidong; Frøkiær, Jørgen; Nielsen, Søren (2004-04-01).
1915:
736:
For their contribution to acid–base homeostasis, the intercalated cells play important roles in the kidney's response to
462:
The cells that comprise the duct itself are similar to rest of the collecting system. The duct is lined by a layer of
1201:
1108:
1069:
1044:
1016:
991:
966:
2182:
1890:
1140:"Early Effect of Aldosterone on the Rate of Synthesis of the Epithelial Sodium Channel a Subunit in A6 Renal Cells"
2422:
2192:
2187:
1908:
1854:
362:(less so than the cortical collecting ducts), the latter largely determining its function in water reabsorption.
1543:
2349:
2274:
2154:
2050:
687:
667:
383:
The inner segment is the part of the collecting duct system between the outer segment and the papillary ducts.
331:
The "cortical collecting ducts" receive filtrate from multiple initial collecting tubules and descend into the
2080:
507:
94:
310:
may arch upward, forming an arcade. It is this "arcuate" feature which gives the tubule its alternate name.
2134:
2040:
1124:
1085:
928:. Sharma, Ram, Britton, Robert. (2nd ed.). Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier. pp. 50–51.
716:
650:
1560:
Himmel, Nathaniel J.; Wang, Yirong; Rodriguez, Daniel A.; Sun, Michael A.; Blount, Mitsi A. (2018-04-18).
1138:
May, Anne; Puoti, Alessandro; Gaeggeler, Hans-Peter; Horisberger, Jean-Daniel; Rossier, Bernard C (1997).
2392:
1831:
1669:"Hensin, a new collecting duct protein involved in the in vitro plasticity of intercalated cell polarity"
2172:
1883:
1653:
1385:
475:
463:
2367:
2344:
2251:
858:
843:
619:
436:
422:
2199:
429:. Papillary ducts continue the work of water reabsorption and electrolyte balance initiated in the
299:
82:
1497:"Changes in cellular composition of kidney collecting duct cells in rats with lithium-induced NDI"
2465:
2075:
2009:
570:
The principal cell mediates the collecting duct's influence on sodium and potassium balance via
510:
the papillary duct is to water and electrolytes. In the medullary collecting duct specifically,
2300:
1987:
1329:"Intercalated cell subtypes in connecting tubule and cortical collecting duct of rat and mouse"
745:
307:
106:
2402:
2055:
591:
1867:
1861:
2264:
1850:
1273:
777:
768:
and fluid balance. In humans, the system accounts for 4–5% of the kidney's reabsorption of
359:
314:
8:
2427:
2372:
2129:
2124:
2060:
2045:
1562:"Chronic lithium treatment induces novel patterns of pendrin localization and expression"
1139:
756:
187:
Simple columnar epithelium and simple cuboidal epithelium in the collecting ducts of the
1277:
764:
The collecting duct system is the final component of the kidney to influence the body's
2412:
2095:
1643:
1594:
1561:
1535:
1477:
1242:
1118:
1079:
885:"The connecting tubule: a functional subdivision of the rabbit distal nephron segments"
430:
1693:
1668:
1304:
1261:
760:
Diagram outlining movement of ions in nephron, with the collecting ducts on the right.
2407:
2209:
2024:
1836:
1698:
1631:
1621:
1599:
1581:
1527:
1519:
1469:
1461:
1426:
1418:
1358:
1350:
1309:
1291:
1234:
1197:
1164:
1104:
1065:
1040:
1012:
987:
962:
939:
929:
906:
575:
467:
217:
195:
2461:
Knowledge articles incorporating text from the 20th edition of Gray's
Anatomy (1918)
1539:
1481:
1246:
2321:
2144:
2090:
1688:
1680:
1589:
1573:
1511:
1453:
1410:
1340:
1299:
1281:
1226:
1154:
896:
557:. The inner medullary collecting ducts contain an additional cell type, called the
515:
448:
414:
610:
2339:
2310:
2116:
2004:
579:
471:
410:
401:
298:) is the most proximal part of the collecting duct system. It is adjacent to the
279:
262:
87:
1900:
1577:
1457:
1414:
788:
of ADH, water in the renal filtrate is left alone to enter the urine, promoting
2439:
2432:
2417:
2331:
2214:
1982:
1932:
1515:
571:
440:
1635:
1327:
Kim, J.; Kim, Y. H.; Cha, J. H.; Tisher, C. C.; Madsen, K. M. (January 1999).
618:
Intercalated cells come in α, β, and non-α non-β varieties and participate in
502:(concentration of electrically charged chemicals) of the surrounding medulla.
2454:
2326:
2226:
2221:
2177:
1977:
1960:
1827:
1585:
1523:
1465:
1422:
1354:
1295:
943:
444:
355:
332:
244:
243:
Receives filtrate from the initial collecting tubules, and descends into the
148:
1286:
1260:
Alper, S. L.; Natale, J.; Gluck, S.; Lodish, H. F.; Brown, D. (1989-07-01).
789:
744:. Damage to the α-intercalated cell's ability to secrete acid can result in
2259:
2241:
2164:
2085:
2035:
1970:
1965:
1955:
1603:
1531:
1473:
1430:
820:
654:
519:
321:. Because of this, some sources group the connecting tubule as part of the
318:
303:
152:
140:
1702:
1362:
1313:
1238:
1168:
2236:
2231:
1994:
1159:
910:
824:
808:
765:
720:
712:
697:
659:
646:
595:
594:
pumps that allow increased sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion.
583:
511:
495:
491:
452:
426:
343:
164:
160:
144:
136:
2070:
1999:
1230:
901:
884:
523:
499:
479:
1684:
1345:
1328:
803:
allow for the reabsorption of this water, thereby inhibiting diuresis.
539:
Each component of the collecting duct system contains two cell types,
112:
2269:
2149:
816:
800:
741:
599:
156:
2139:
1064:. Baltimore, MD 21201: Lippincott & Wilkins. pp. 383–399.
812:
807:
The collecting duct system participates in the regulation of other
737:
503:
487:
351:
439:
converge to form a central (papillary) duct near the apex of each
223:
Connects distal convoluted tubule to the cortical collecting duct
131:
consists of a series of tubules and ducts that physically connect
2359:
2107:
2014:
724:
683:
395:
322:
132:
1103:. Baltimore, MD 21201: Wolters Kluwer Health. pp. 167–172.
956:
2292:
1940:
769:
663:
406:
347:
191:
128:
58:
518:. This increases the concentration of urea in the surrounding
456:
418:
339:
70:
1137:
708:
642:
587:
325:, rather than grouping it with the collecting duct system.
183:
39:
1494:
586:
determines expression of sodium channels (especially the
482:
near the junction of a papillary duct and a minor calyx.
188:
1667:
Takito, J; Hikita, C; Al-Awqati, Q (15 November 1996).
443:. This "papillary duct" exits the renal pyramid at the
1559:
1443:
1259:
1666:
986:(updated ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier/Saunders.
984:
Medical
Physiology: A Cellular and Molecular Approach
864:
List of distinct cell types in the adult human body
1191:
1930:
1399:
961:(6th ed.). Lange Medical Books/McGraw-Hill.
358:(more so than the cortical collecting ducts) and
2452:
1566:American Journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology
1446:American Journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology
1403:American Journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology
1216:
1196:(11 ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders.
547:For the tubules, this specific cell type is the
1504:American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology
1326:
1266:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1219:Pflügers Archiv: European Journal of Physiology
923:
478:of the collecting duct system transitions into
44:Scheme of renal tubule and its vascular supply.
317:, but the rest of the system derives from the
1916:
1740:
1738:
1333:Journal of the American Society of Nephrology
1187:
1185:
1147:Journal of the American Society of Nephrology
1059:
837:
365:
957:Eaton, Douglas C.; Pooler, John P. (2004).
202:The segments of the system are as follows:
1923:
1909:
1777:
1735:
1648:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1618:Harrison's principles of internal medicine
1182:
470:. The epithelium is composed primarily of
1692:
1593:
1344:
1303:
1285:
1158:
900:
1192:Guyton, Arthur C.; John E. Hall (2006).
1098:
755:
609:
182:
1034:
1006:
313:The connecting tubule derives from the
14:
2453:
1826:This article incorporates text in the
1660:
926:Embryology: an illustrated colour text
882:
614:Image depicting an α intercalated cell
159:, processes regulated by the hormones
143:. The collecting duct participates in
1904:
1673:The Journal of Clinical Investigation
981:
605:
405:. Papillary ducts represent the most
379:thick ascending limb of loop of Henle
375:thin descending limb of loop of Henle
338:It participates in the regulation of
247:, forming medullary collecting ducts
1030:
1028:
559:inner medullary collecting duct cell
553:For the collecting ducts, it is the
335:to form medullary collecting ducts.
273:
194:. The walls of the large and small
24:
565:
543:and a segment-specific cell type:
25:
2477:
1873:
1844:
1375:
1062:Color Atlas and Text of Histology
1025:
1011:. McGraw-Hill. pp. 385–403.
394:are anatomical structures of the
386:
302:, the most distal segment of the
1820:
830:An extracellular protein called
38:
1803:
1790:
1764:
1751:
1722:
1709:
1610:
1553:
1488:
1437:
1393:
1369:
1320:
1253:
1210:
1060:Gartner, Leslie; Hiatt (2014).
705:non-α non-β intercalated cells
354:. The CNT is sensitive to both
233:Before convergence of nephrons
2275:Extraglomerular mesangial cell
2155:Intraglomerular mesangial cell
1880:Essentials of Human Physiology
1382:Essentials of Human Physiology
1194:Textbook of Medical Physiology
1131:
1092:
1053:
1000:
975:
950:
917:
876:
522:and increases the osmolarity.
474:and α-intercalated cells. The
13:
1:
869:
746:distal renal tubular acidosis
598:determines the expression of
2135:Glomerular basement membrane
1891:Types of tubules at ndif.org
1039:. McGraw-Hill. p. 400.
392:Papillary (collecting) ducts
173:
7:
1834:of the 20th edition of
1578:10.1152/ajprenal.00065.2018
1458:10.1152/ajprenal.00147.2002
1415:10.1152/ajprenal.00037.2002
1037:Junqueira's Basic Histology
1009:Junqueira's Basic Histology
852:
751:
178:
10:
2482:
2173:Proximal convoluted tubule
1896:Diagram (#31) at benet.org
1876:"Section 7/7ch03/7ch03p18"
1858:"Collecting Duct (Kidney)"
1516:10.1152/ajpcell.00266.2003
1378:"Section 7/7ch07/7ch07p17"
841:
476:simple columnar epithelium
464:simple columnar epithelium
437:Medullary collecting ducts
423:medullary collecting ducts
398:, previously known as the
253:medullary collecting ducts
2368:Internal urethral orifice
2358:
2345:Median umbilical ligament
2309:
2291:
2252:Juxtaglomerular apparatus
2250:
2163:
2115:
2106:
2023:
1948:
1939:
1868:Histology image: 16013loa
1862:Histology image: 15803loa
1035:Mescher, Anthony (2013).
1007:Mescher, Anthony (2013).
982:Boron, Walter F. (2005).
959:Vander's Renal Physiology
859:Collecting duct carcinoma
844:Collecting duct carcinoma
838:Collecting duct carcinoma
451:it carries drains into a
366:Medullary collecting duct
239:cortical collecting ducts
229:initial collecting tubule
105:
93:
81:
76:tubulus renalis colligens
69:
64:
54:
49:
37:
32:
2200:Distal convoluted tubule
1123:: CS1 maint: location (
1099:Costanzo, Linda (2011).
1084:: CS1 maint: location (
924:Mitchell, B. S. (2009).
534:
300:distal convoluted tubule
167:(antidiuretic hormone).
18:Cortical collecting duct
2076:Peritubular capillaries
1287:10.1073/pnas.86.14.5429
780:(ADH, or vasopressin).
308:juxtamedullary nephrons
2301:Ureteropelvic junction
2205:Collecting duct system
1988:medullary interstitium
1390:– "Intercalated Cells"
761:
615:
578:located on the cell's
549:connecting tubule cell
199:
125:collecting duct system
107:Anatomical terminology
33:Collecting duct system
2265:Juxtaglomerular cells
1652:) CS1 maint: others (
759:
686:a specialised apical
620:acid–base homeostasis
613:
186:
1160:10.1681/ASN.V8121813
778:antidiuretic hormone
679:β-intercalated cells
639:α-intercalated cells
528:Osmolarity increases
360:antidiuretic hormone
315:metanephric blastema
296:arcuate renal tubule
278:With respect to the
2428:Lacunae of Morgagni
2373:Urethral sphincters
1278:1989PNAS...86.5429A
516:urea transporter A1
139:or directly to the
1231:10.1007/BF00584753
902:10.1038/ki.1979.46
762:
696:acid (via a basal
616:
606:Intercalated cells
576:potassium channels
541:intercalated cells
466:resting on a thin
431:collecting tubules
200:
196:connecting tubules
2448:
2447:
2287:
2286:
2283:
2282:
2210:Connecting tubule
1874:Nosek, Thomas M.
1851:Histology at KUMC
1685:10.1172/JCI119044
1627:978-1-259-64403-0
1376:Nosek, Thomas M.
1346:10.1681/ASN.V1011
1272:(14): 5429–5433.
1153:(12): 1813–1822.
935:978-0-7020-5081-7
734:
733:
682:bicarbonate (via
653:) in the form of
468:basement membrane
425:and empty into a
377:borders with the
292:junctional tubule
284:connecting tubule
274:Connecting tubule
271:
270:
218:connecting tubule
121:
120:
116:
16:(Redirected from
2473:
2322:Vesical arteries
2145:Filtration slits
2130:Bowman's capsule
2113:
2112:
1946:
1945:
1925:
1918:
1911:
1902:
1901:
1887:
1882:. Archived from
1824:
1823:
1814:
1807:
1801:
1794:
1788:
1781:
1775:
1768:
1762:
1755:
1749:
1742:
1733:
1726:
1720:
1713:
1707:
1706:
1696:
1664:
1658:
1657:
1647:
1639:
1614:
1608:
1607:
1597:
1572:(2): F313–F322.
1557:
1551:
1550:
1548:
1542:. Archived from
1510:(4): C952–C964.
1501:
1492:
1486:
1485:
1452:(1): F229–F241.
1441:
1435:
1434:
1409:(4): F744–F754.
1397:
1391:
1389:
1384:. Archived from
1373:
1367:
1366:
1348:
1324:
1318:
1317:
1307:
1289:
1257:
1251:
1250:
1214:
1208:
1207:
1189:
1180:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1162:
1144:
1135:
1129:
1128:
1122:
1114:
1096:
1090:
1089:
1083:
1075:
1057:
1051:
1050:
1032:
1023:
1022:
1004:
998:
997:
979:
973:
972:
954:
948:
947:
921:
915:
914:
904:
880:
832:hensin (protein)
666:, a basolateral
625:
624:
205:
204:
113:edit on Wikidata
110:
42:
30:
29:
21:
2481:
2480:
2476:
2475:
2474:
2472:
2471:
2470:
2451:
2450:
2449:
2444:
2423:navicular fossa
2354:
2340:Detrusor muscle
2305:
2279:
2246:
2193:Thick ascending
2159:
2117:Renal corpuscle
2102:
2019:
2005:Cortical lobule
1935:
1931:Anatomy of the
1929:
1855:epithel-epith04
1847:
1821:
1818:
1817:
1808:
1804:
1795:
1791:
1782:
1778:
1769:
1765:
1756:
1752:
1743:
1736:
1727:
1723:
1714:
1710:
1679:(10): 2324–31.
1665:
1661:
1641:
1640:
1628:
1616:
1615:
1611:
1558:
1554:
1546:
1499:
1493:
1489:
1442:
1438:
1398:
1394:
1374:
1370:
1325:
1321:
1258:
1254:
1215:
1211:
1204:
1190:
1183:
1173:
1171:
1142:
1136:
1132:
1116:
1115:
1111:
1097:
1093:
1077:
1076:
1072:
1058:
1054:
1047:
1033:
1026:
1019:
1005:
1001:
994:
980:
976:
969:
955:
951:
936:
922:
918:
883:Imai M (1979).
881:
877:
872:
855:
846:
840:
754:
711:(via an apical
691:
671:
645:(via an apical
608:
580:apical membrane
572:sodium channels
568:
566:Principal cells
537:
472:principal cells
421:) from several
413:. They receive
411:collecting duct
409:portion of the
389:
368:
280:renal corpuscle
276:
263:papillary ducts
181:
176:
117:
45:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2479:
2469:
2468:
2466:Kidney anatomy
2463:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2442:
2440:Urinary meatus
2437:
2436:
2435:
2433:urethral gland
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2397:
2396:
2395:
2390:
2389:
2388:
2383:
2370:
2364:
2362:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2336:
2335:
2332:Vaginal artery
2329:
2324:
2315:
2313:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2303:
2297:
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2239:
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2219:
2218:
2217:
2215:Papillary duct
2212:
2202:
2197:
2196:
2195:
2190:
2188:Thin ascending
2185:
2175:
2169:
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2161:
2160:
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2137:
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1933:urinary system
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1899:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1886:on 2016-03-24.
1871:
1865:
1859:
1846:
1845:External links
1843:
1837:Gray's Anatomy
1816:
1815:
1802:
1789:
1776:
1763:
1750:
1734:
1721:
1708:
1659:
1626:
1609:
1552:
1549:on 2019-02-19.
1487:
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1388:on 2016-03-24.
1368:
1319:
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1225:(1–2): 81–92.
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567:
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563:
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555:principal cell
551:
536:
533:
449:renal filtrate
445:renal papillae
417:(precursor to
415:renal filtrate
388:
387:Papillary duct
385:
367:
364:
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2327:Vesical veins
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2227:Renal papilla
2225:
2223:
2222:Tubular fluid
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2208:
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2203:
2201:
2198:
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2178:Loop of Henle
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2156:
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2010:Medullary ray
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993:1-4160-2328-3
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895:(4): 346–56.
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828:
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821:hydrogen ions
818:
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758:
749:
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729:
726:
722:
718:
717:H/K exchanger
714:
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707:
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703:
699:
695:
692:
685:
681:
678:
677:
673:
665:
661:
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655:hydrogen ions
652:
651:H/K exchanger
648:
644:
641:
638:
637:
633:
630:
627:
626:
623:
621:
612:
603:
601:
597:
593:
592:Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase
589:
585:
581:
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560:
556:
552:
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546:
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532:
529:
525:
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506:regulate how
505:
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489:
483:
481:
477:
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469:
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460:
458:
454:
450:
446:
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441:renal pyramid
438:
434:
432:
428:
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420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
403:
397:
393:
384:
381:
380:
376:
371:
363:
361:
357:
356:isoprotenerol
353:
349:
345:
341:
336:
334:
333:renal medulla
329:
326:
324:
320:
316:
311:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
267:
265:
264:
260:
259:
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245:renal medulla
242:
240:
237:
236:
232:
230:
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226:
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220:
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210:
207:
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203:
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193:
190:
185:
171:
168:
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162:
158:
154:
150:
149:fluid balance
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
114:
108:
104:
101:
98:
96:
92:
89:
86:
84:
80:
77:
74:
72:
68:
63:
60:
57:
53:
48:
41:
36:
31:
27:Kidney system
19:
2413:intermediate
2318:Circulation
2260:Macula densa
2242:Renal pelvis
2204:
2165:Renal tubule
2056:interlobular
2036:Renal artery
1884:the original
1879:
1853:
1839:
1825:
1819:
1810:
1805:
1797:
1792:
1784:
1779:
1771:
1766:
1758:
1753:
1745:
1729:
1724:
1716:
1711:
1676:
1672:
1662:
1617:
1612:
1569:
1565:
1555:
1544:the original
1507:
1503:
1490:
1449:
1445:
1439:
1406:
1402:
1395:
1386:the original
1381:
1371:
1336:
1332:
1322:
1269:
1265:
1255:
1222:
1218:
1212:
1193:
1172:. Retrieved
1150:
1146:
1133:
1100:
1094:
1061:
1055:
1036:
1008:
1002:
983:
977:
958:
952:
925:
919:
892:
888:
878:
847:
829:
811:, including
809:electrolytes
806:
796:
795:When ADH is
785:
774:
763:
735:
628:Type of cell
617:
569:
558:
554:
548:
540:
538:
527:
520:interstitium
514:upregulates
484:
461:
435:
399:
391:
390:
382:
372:
369:
346:, including
344:electrolytes
337:
330:
327:
319:ureteric bud
312:
304:renal tubule
295:
291:
287:
283:
277:
261:
252:
238:
228:
216:
211:Description
201:
169:
153:reabsorption
141:renal pelvis
124:
122:
75:
2237:Major calyx
2232:Minor calyx
2025:Circulation
1809:Peyromaure
1339:(1): 1–12.
1174:21 November
825:bicarbonate
766:electrolyte
721:bicarbonate
660:bicarbonate
596:Vasopressin
584:Aldosterone
512:vasopressin
496:vasopressin
492:aldosterone
453:minor calyx
427:minor calyx
165:vasopressin
161:aldosterone
145:electrolyte
137:minor calyx
65:Identifiers
2455:Categories
2183:Descending
2125:Glomerulus
2091:interlobar
2081:Vasa recta
2071:Renal vein
2046:interlobar
1757:Pickhardt
1636:1029074059
1101:Physiology
889:Kidney Int
870:References
801:aquaporins
634:Reabsorbs
524:Osmolarity
500:osmolarity
498:) and the
480:urothelium
2408:prostatic
2377:External
2270:Mesangium
2150:Mesangium
2041:segmental
2032:Arteries
1832:page 1223
1796:Milowsky
1644:cite book
1586:1931-857X
1524:0363-6143
1466:1931-857X
1423:1931-857X
1355:1046-6673
1296:0027-8424
1119:cite book
1080:cite book
944:787843894
817:potassium
742:alkalosis
672:exchanger
600:aquaporin
508:permeable
400:ducts of
174:Structure
157:excretion
2393:Internal
2334:(female)
2140:Podocyte
2096:efferent
2061:afferent
1983:pyramids
1728:Rumpelt
1715:Kennedy
1604:29667915
1540:20227998
1532:14613889
1482:22831140
1474:12388426
1431:12217866
1247:24655136
853:See also
813:chloride
790:diuresis
752:Function
738:acidosis
713:H-ATPase
698:H-ATPase
647:H-ATPase
631:Secretes
504:Hormones
488:hormones
352:chloride
208:Segment
179:Segments
151:through
133:nephrons
55:Location
2360:Urethra
2350:Trigone
2311:Bladder
2293:Ureters
2108:Nephron
2086:arcuate
2051:arcuate
2015:Nephron
1978:Medulla
1961:Capsule
1941:Kidneys
1783:Tokuda
1774:, 2002b
1744:Carter
1703:8941650
1595:6139525
1363:9890303
1314:2526338
1274:Bibcode
1239:2441357
1169:9402082
797:present
786:absence
784:In the
725:pendrin
684:pendrin
402:Bellini
396:kidneys
323:nephron
127:of the
88:D007685
50:Details
2418:spongy
2386:female
2067:Veins
1971:column
1966:Cortex
1956:Fascia
1949:Layers
1840:(1918)
1813:, 2003
1811:et al.
1800:, 2002
1798:et al.
1787:, 2004
1785:et al.
1772:et al.
1761:, 2001
1759:et al.
1748:, 1992
1746:et al.
1732:, 1991
1730:et al.
1719:, 1990
1717:et al.
1701:
1694:507683
1691:
1634:
1624:
1602:
1592:
1584:
1538:
1530:
1522:
1480:
1472:
1464:
1429:
1421:
1361:
1353:
1312:
1305:297636
1302:
1294:
1245:
1237:
1200:
1167:
1107:
1068:
1043:
1015:
990:
965:
942:
932:
911:513494
909:
823:, and
770:sodium
719:) and
688:Cl/HCO
668:Cl/HCO
664:band 3
447:. The
407:distal
350:, and
348:sodium
282:, the
192:kidney
129:kidney
100:265239
59:Kidney
1995:Sinus
1830:from
1770:Chao
1547:(PDF)
1536:S2CID
1500:(PDF)
1478:S2CID
1243:S2CID
1143:(PDF)
723:(via
662:(via
535:Cells
457:urine
419:urine
340:water
294:, or
290:, or
135:to a
111:[
71:Latin
2381:male
2000:Lobe
1699:PMID
1654:link
1650:link
1632:OCLC
1622:ISBN
1600:PMID
1582:ISSN
1528:PMID
1520:ISSN
1470:PMID
1462:ISSN
1427:PMID
1419:ISSN
1359:PMID
1351:ISSN
1310:PMID
1292:ISSN
1235:PMID
1198:ISBN
1176:2017
1165:PMID
1125:link
1105:ISBN
1086:link
1066:ISBN
1041:ISBN
1013:ISBN
988:ISBN
963:ISBN
940:OCLC
930:ISBN
907:PMID
740:and
715:and
709:acid
649:and
643:acid
588:ENaC
574:and
342:and
163:and
155:and
147:and
123:The
83:MeSH
1689:PMC
1681:doi
1590:PMC
1574:doi
1570:315
1512:doi
1508:286
1454:doi
1450:284
1411:doi
1407:283
1341:doi
1300:PMC
1282:doi
1227:doi
1223:409
1155:doi
897:doi
455:as
288:CNT
189:pig
95:FMA
2457::
1878:.
1737:^
1697:.
1687:.
1677:98
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1642:{{
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693:)
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1910:v
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690:3
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490:(
286:(
115:]
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
