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715:, jealous of its nearby rival and its Weser bridge, allied itself with the Bishop of Paderborn and their troops destroyed the town of Corvey and damaged the abbey. The town never recovered and over the following decades reverted to a small village. This event marked the beginning of the long period of decline of the abbey.
718:
The
Reformation threatened Corvey as it did the other ecclesiastical territories in north-west Germany but the princely abbey did survive somewhat precariously as a self-ruling principality at the border of Protestant Brunswick and Hesse-Kassel. From the mid-16th century onward, the prince-abbot and
644:â powers of enforcement â over the population of peasants that were to seek refuge in the fortress built in the monastery's lands; in return they were expected to maintain its structure, under the abbot's supervision. The workforce under monastic protection was drawn from three
627:
crossed the Weser, was of some strategic importance and assured its economic and cultural importance. The abbey's historian H. H. Kaminsky estimates that the royal entourage visited Corvey at least 110 times before 1073, occasions for the issuance of charters.
590:, his veneration was very popular in the Middle Ages and Corvey became a destination for pilgrims. Other gifts and donations by individuals made Corvey one of the richest abbeys in Central Europe and made possible ambitious building projects. Its position as
567:, who later became the "Apostle of Scandinavia", founded the abbey school in 823. The abbey library was established with works from Corbie, augmented by the output of the local scriptorium. In 826, Corvey became an independent abbey, dedicated to
950:), an aristocratic family library, containing about 74,000 volumes, mainly in German, French, and English, with a tailing off circa 1834, survives in the Schloss. One striking feature of the collection is the large number of English
976:
The present owner of the palace is Viktor, 5th Duke of
Ratibor and 5th Prince of Corvey, Prince of Hohenlohe-SchillingsfĂŒrst-Metternich-SĂĄndor (b. 1964). The palace, library, and church are today open to the public.
2624:
777:. Under von Galen's successors Christoph von Bellinghausen (1678â96), Florenz von der Felde (1696â1714) and Maximilian von Horrich (1714â22) the other substantial Baroque buildings still there today were erected.
690:(served 1081â1107), "without doubt one of the most important abbots of the thousand-year history of the abbey" (Kaminsky), and his successor Erkenbert (1107â28) saw the abbey through the critical period.
719:
his monks ran the administration in cooperation with a partly
Protestant assembly consisting of three noble families, one town (Höxter) and a prelate. The prince-abbot, who had a seat and vote in the
378:
353:
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architecture. The inside of the westwork contains the only known wall paintings of ancient mythology with
Christian interpretation in Carolingian times. The former abbey church was listed as a
693:
The abbey also participated in attempts to reform the
Catholic Church during the 11th century. It was the dominant theological centre in the region and established numerous subsidiary abbeys.
2468:
1901:
725:
as a member of the
College of Ruling Princes, took only a modest part in imperial affairs, while the home affairs of the abbey were limited to little more than gentry-like estate management.
487:, king of the Franks, was eventually victorious, adding the Saxon territory to his empire and starting the Christianisation of the Saxon people. To that end, bishoprics were established (at
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708:, and the Carolingian three-tower set-up was replaced with twin towers. By the mid-12th century, a substantial town (also named Corvey) had grown up around the abbey.
2179:
495:). In addition, the idea of setting up an abbey in Saxony was first mooted during Charlemagne's reign. However, the plan was only implemented under his son, Emperor
138:
2009:
1868:
536:, a subsidiary of the motherhouse. Due to the inappropriate location chosen, the monks chose to move in 822 â to the current location near what was then called
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769:, Bishop of MĂŒnster became prince and administrator of the abbey in 1665, reconstruction began. The Carolingian church was replaced by a
446:. The original architecture of the abbey, with its vaulted hall and galleries encircling the main room, heavily influenced later western
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608:". It soon became famous for its school, which produced many celebrated scholars, among them the 10th-century Saxon historian
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the abbey building was sacked by imperial troops who also laid siege to Höxter. It was later demolished. Only the
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The library has been discussed as a cultural marker in the record of a symposium at Corvey, Rainer Schöwerling,
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640:
in 940, the first of its kind, established the abbot, Folcmar, in a new kind of setting. The abbot was granted
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1499:
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Die FĂŒrstliche
Bibliothek Corvey: ihre Bedeutung fĂŒr eine neue Sicht der Literatur des frĂŒhen 19. Jahrhunderts
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571:. In 833, it was granted the right of coinage within the Franconian realm, as the first place east of the
422:. Corvey, whose territory extended over a vast area, was in turn secularized in 1803 in the course of the
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968:, worked here as librarian from 1860 until his death in 1874. He is buried in the church graveyard.
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Corvey thus became "one of the most privileged
Carolingian monastic sanctuaries in the 9th-century
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829:(bishop 1794â1825, also bishop of Munster 1821â1825) were the last ecclesial princes at Corvey.
586:
near Paris. Saint Vitus now became the patron saint of the Saxons. Since he was also one of the
2717:
2574:
1936:
1810:
1764:
687:
401:
1307:
1087:
Hethis, noting
Herbert KrĂŒger, "Wo lag Hethis, der Ort der ersten Corveyer KlostergrĂŒndung?",
657:
1982:
1872:
1853:
1759:
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1617:
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849:
845:
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517:
511:. Although there is some uncertainty over the exact location, it is today thought to be near
2599:
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1356:
Peter
Garside and Anthony Mandal, "Producing fiction in Britain, 1800 – 1829"
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1951:
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1823:
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Gospels. A 10th-century book illumination from the scriptorium of Corvey Abbey, now in the
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423:
1539:
The Lower RhenishâWestphalian Circle (red) within the Holy Roman Empire (white) after 1548
871:
While Corvey had ceased to exist as a political state in 1803, it continued to exist as a
618:. From its cloisters went forth a stream of missionaries who evangelised Northern Europe.
8:
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Die karolingischen Stuckfiguren im Westwerk von Corvey : zur Frage ihrer Deutung
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1007:
997:
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It took decades for the local area to recover from the devastation of the war. After
560:
523:
411:
393:
994:
Sinopia and stuccowork in the westwork of the Carolingian monastery church of Corvey
946:
The famous abbey library has long since been dispersed, but the "princely library" (
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1997:
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by Gian Biagio Conte, Don P. Fowler, Glen W. Most and Joseph Solodow (Nov 4, 1999)
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1109:(6 ed.). Mannheim: Bibliographisches Institut & F.A. Brockhaus AG. 2006.
960:
860:
in 1815. As compensation for lost territory west of the Rhine, it was awarded to
605:
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594:
meant that its abbot was answerable directly to the emperor in secular matters.
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Sinopien und Stuck im Westwerk der karolingischen Klosterkirche von Corvey
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In 1792, Corvey ceased to be a Benedictine abbey and was raised by pope
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654:, who, however, were to have no rights to demand castlework from them.
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Carolingian Westwork and Civitas Corvey : UNESCO Official Website
1330:
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499:, who announced the creation of an abbey east of the river Weser at a
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1063:. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization
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The Corvey Library and Anglo-German cultural exchanges, 1770â1837
872:
804:
729:
682:, the abbot of Corvey took a stand with the Saxon nobles against
623:
1335:
1227:
Leyser, Karl. "Henry I and the Beginnings of the Saxon Empire",
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2338:
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697:
597:
The first stone church was consecrated in 844. In 873â885, the
564:
2600:
WĂŒrzburg Residence with the Court Gardens and Residence Square
696:
A final period of prosperity followed under the leadership of
2783:
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1906:
1028:", held Nov. 1â3, 1996 at the Institut fĂŒr Kunstgeschichte ,
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Territory of the Princely Abbey of Corvey in the 18th century
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The site of the abbey, where the east-west route called the
1843:
1676:
1672:
364:
1175:
Nathan, Carola (August 2014). "Ideenwelt der Karolinger".
908:
Landgrave Victor Amadeus rebuilt the abbey buildings as a
2895:
Religious buildings and structures completed in the 840s
559:
The first abbot of Corvey was a cousin of Charlemagne,
430:. Originally built in 822 and 885 and remodeled in the
2404:
Collegiate Church, Castle, and Old Town of Quedlinburg
230:
Official name: Carolingian Westwork and Civitas Corvey
2935:
Prince-bishoprics of the Holy Roman Empire in Germany
2900:
Christian monasteries established in the 9th century
1247:, Routledge and Kegan Paul, London 1974, pp.102â103.
404:, Germany. It was one of the half-dozen self-ruling
1301:
2359:Bauhaus and its Sites in Weimar, Dessau and Bernau
2218:For official site names, see each article or the
153:Princely Abbey of Corvey (North Rhine-Westphalia)
2876:
2508:Zollverein Coal Mine Industrial Complex in Essen
1284:,1992, and Werner Huber and Rainer Schöwerling,
442:, and the oldest standing medieval structure in
145:
117:
2439:Castles of Augustusburg and Falkenlust at BrĂŒhl
924:(Duke of Ratibor and Prince of Corvey) by King
483:which lasted more than thirty years after 772,
27:Former abbey in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
840:administration and became briefly part of the
2173:
1434:
798:
474:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1024:. Proceedings of a conference on the theme "
832:In 1803, the Prince-Bishopric of Corvey was
601:that is still extant today was constructed.
387:
522:. The first monks arrived in 816 from the
2595:Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps
2180:
2166:
1441:
1427:
1140:
1138:
1136:
996:] (in German). MĂŒnster: Rhema-Verlag.
631:
507:in 815. This was located at a place named
38:
2915:Imperial abbeys disestablished in 1802â03
2548:Caves and Ice Age Art in the Swabian Jura
1245:Society and Politics in Germany 1500â1750
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1057:"Carolingian Westwork and Civitas Corvey"
966:August Heinrich Hoffmann von Fallersleben
544:(Latin for the "new Corbie"; Old German:
434:, the abbey is an exceptional example of
418:until 1792 when Corvey was elevated to a
2557:Frontiers of the Roman Empire in Bavaria
1534:
1051:
1049:
1047:
987:
912:(palace). In 1834, the property fell to
896:
884:
700:(abbot from 1146â58). At that time, the
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460:
363:
2454:Carolingian Westwork and Civitas Corvey
2299:Palaces and Parks of Potsdam and Berlin
2221:List of World Heritage Sites in Germany
1267:Johns Hopkins University Press page 543
1144:
922:Herzog von Ratibor und FĂŒrst von Corvey
469:
14:
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2585:Old Town of Regensburg with Stadtamhof
2533:The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier
1368:
1174:
1113:
582:were gifted to Corvey by the abbey of
2930:9th-century establishments in Germany
2910:Monasteries in North Rhine-Westphalia
2161:
1422:
1250:
1044:
932:has remained property of the family.
807:to the status of a prince-bishopric.
673:
551:
215:Carolingian, High Romanesque, Baroque
2289:Museumsinsel (Museum Island), Berlin
1211:Leyser, Karl. "Ottonian Government"
920:. In 1840, he was granted the title
773:building, with the exception of the
438:, the oldest surviving example of a
426:and absorbed into the newly created
2565:Upper Germanic & Rhaetian Limes
2379:Erzgebirge/KruĆĄnohoĆĂ Mining Region
914:Victor von Hohenlohe-SchillingfĂŒrst
842:Principality of Nassau-Orange-Fulda
428:Principality of Nassau-Orange-Fulda
24:
2905:Benedictine monasteries in Germany
2312:Upper Harz Water Management System
1303:"Rede: 1.200 Jahre Kloster Corvey"
1295:
1218:, No. 381 (October, 1981), p. 735.
711:In 1265, the neighbouring town of
156:Show map of North Rhine-Westphalia
25:
2956:
1324:
1191:"Odysseus in der Kirche (German)"
1147:ArchitekturfĂŒhrer Corvey (German)
878:
760:
650:, under the jurisdiction of four
2538:Augsburg Water Management System
2528:Abbey and AltenmĂŒnster of Lorsch
2247:Berlin Modernism Housing Estates
2206:
2188:
1457:Lower RhenishâWestphalian Circle
1450:
1360:
1149:. Kotyrba Verlag, Braunschweig.
1085:, is not securely identifiable (
782:
738:were discovered at the abbey by
540:. The new house became known as
340:
326:
319:
312:
144:
137:
116:
109:
2925:World Heritage Sites in Germany
2394:Muskauer Park / Park MuĆŒakowski
1270:
980:
926:Frederick William IV of Prussia
1406:New International Encyclopedia
1311:(in German). 22 September 2022
1237:
1221:
1205:
1099:
1075:
958:. The poet and author of the
13:
1:
2561:Frontiers of the Roman Empire
2272:Archaeological Border Complex
1229:The English Historical Review
1213:The English Historical Review
2580:Monastic Island of Reichenau
1369:Alston, G. Cyprian (1913). "
1061:UNESCO World Heritage Centre
942:FĂŒrstliche Bibliothek Corvey
866:Landgrave of Hesse-Rotenburg
767:Christoph Bernhard von Galen
684:Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor
7:
2940:Former monarchies of Europe
2570:Maulbronn Monastery Complex
2364:Dessau-Wörlitz Garden Realm
1344:Corvey, Nordrhein-Westfalen
1257:Latin Literature: A History
1234:, No. 326 (Jan., 1968), p.9
916:, a member of the House of
818:(abbot/bishop 1776â94) and
667:Morgan Library & Museum
398:ecclesiastical principality
10:
2961:
1902:Blankenheim and Gerolstein
1107:Duden Aussprachewörterbuch
988:Poeschke, Joachim (2002).
939:
935:
799:Prince-Bishopric of Corvey
740:Giovanni Angelo Arcimboldi
530:in Picardy. They set up a
475:Foundation and early years
456:UNESCO World Heritage Site
222:UNESCO World Heritage Site
2638:
2608:
2590:Pilgrimage Church of Wies
2516:
2498:Great Spa Towns of Europe
2464:Upper Middle Rhine Valley
2422:
2347:
2256:Roland on the Marketplace
2230:
2215:
2111:Lower RhenishâWestphalian
2078:
2027:
1973:
1889:
1684:
1671:
1594:
1546:
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1350:The Corvey Novels Project
1346:â Photo gallery of Corvey
793:Courtyard of Corvey Abbey
704:was reconstructed in the
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2920:Carolingian architecture
2294:Hanseatic City of LĂŒbeck
1179:(in German). p. 34.
1094:, Leipzig, (1932:320â32)
1037:
971:
436:Carolingian architecture
374:Princely Abbey of Corvey
286:Europe and North America
2553:Mathildenhöhe Darmstadt
2308:Historic Town of Goslar
2261:Fagus Factory in Alfeld
2242:ADGB Trade Union School
2146:Unencircled territories
1391:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
1145:Arnhold, Elmar (2015).
680:Investiture Controversy
632:Imperial rights granted
578:In 836, the remains of
2719:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2620:Messel Pit Fossil Site
2575:Margravial Opera House
2473:Cathedral of St. Peter
1540:
1394:(11th ed.). 1911.
1280:and Norbert Otto Eke,
905:
894:
844:. In 1807, it went to
728:In 1508, books 1â6 of
670:
466:
402:North Rhine-Westphalia
388:
383:
369:
359:Abbey church of Corvey
348:Abbey church of Corvey
303:69 ha (170 acres)
167:Geographic coordinates
99:North Rhine-Westphalia
33:Abbey church of Corvey
2625:Ancient Beech Forests
2444:Bergpark Wilhelmshöhe
1538:
1376:Catholic Encyclopedia
1365:Texts on Wikisource:
1193:. Monumente-online.de
1030:University of MĂŒnster
948:FĂŒrstliche Bibliothek
904:viewed from the north
900:
888:
850:Kingdom of Westphalia
820:Ferdinand von LĂŒninck
706:High Romanesque style
660:
636:A diploma granted by
588:Fourteen Holy Helpers
464:
367:
295:12 ha (30 acres)
2503:Völklingen Ironworks
2459:Lower Germanic Limes
2383:Luther Memorials in
2333:Historic Centres of
2304:Mines of Rammelsberg
2280:St. Michael's Church
2276:St. Mary's Cathedral
2196:World Heritage Sites
749:In 1634, during the
661:Initial page of the
615:Res gestae Saxonicae
470:History of the abbey
424:German mediatisation
189:51.77885°N 9.40943°E
125:Shown within Germany
2370:Dresden Elbe Valley
2321:Kontorhaus District
2125:Circles est. 1512:
2097:Circles est. 1500:
1459:(1500â1806) of the
1308:Der BundesprÀsident
809:Theodor von Brabeck
744:Archbishop of Milan
185: /
128:Show map of Germany
2945:Former theocracies
2890:844 establishments
2477:Church of Our Lady
2399:Naumburg Cathedral
2374:(delisted in 2009)
2093:
2086:
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1839:Salm-Reifferscheid
1541:
906:
895:
854:Congress of Vienna
674:Strife and decline
671:
610:Widukind of Corvey
513:Neuhaus im Solling
467:
370:
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2494:, Worms and Mainz
2449:Cologne Cathedral
2155:
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2139:Electoral Rhenish
2095:status uncertain
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1966:
1882:
1815:
1800:
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1658:Nassau-Dillenburg
1644:
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1481:
1461:Holy Roman Empire
1278:Hartmut Steinecke
1156:978-3-942712-18-7
1003:978-3-930454-34-1
956:lending libraries
856:, Corvey fell to
561:Adalard of Corbie
553:[ËkÉÊvaÉȘ]
412:Holy Roman Empire
389:FĂŒrstabtei Corvey
384:FĂŒrststift Corvey
307:
306:
194:51.77885; 9.40943
16:(Redirected from
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2802:Shared with the
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2642:Shared with the
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2486:Speyer Cathedral
2434:Aachen Cathedral
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2414:Classical Weimar
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2088:without seat in
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1932:Kerpen-Lommersum
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416:Late Middle Ages
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1571:KornelimĂŒnster
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1469:Prince-bishops
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1396:
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1353:
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1341:
1338:Schloss Corvey
1333:
1326:
1325:External links
1323:
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940:Main article:
937:
934:
930:Schloss Corvey
928:. Since then,
902:Schloss Corvey
882:
880:Schloss Corvey
877:
862:Victor Amadeus
800:
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761:Reconstruction
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2120:
2119:(Lower) Saxon
2116:
2112:
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2107:Upper Rhenish
2104:
2100:
2091:
2090:Imperial Diet
2077:
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1548:Prince-abbots
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1309:
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1279:
1273:
1266:
1265:0-8018-6253-1
1262:
1258:
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1246:
1240:
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1230:
1224:
1217:
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629:
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611:
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600:
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585:
581:
576:
574:
570:
569:Saint Stephen
566:
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529:
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266:
264:Reference no.
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57:
52:
47:
41:
36:
31:
19:
2830:Shared with
2816:Shared with
2698:Shared with
2666:Shared with
2650:Shared with
2373:
2368:
2217:
2205:
2193:
2110:
2096:
2065:(until 1648)
1965:(until 1548)
1881:(until 1548)
1829:Reichenstein
1814:(until 1548)
1799:(until 1664)
1776:(until 1541)
1768:(until 1546)
1765:Manderscheid
1745:(until 1614)
1737:(until 1548)
1729:(until 1548)
1721:(until 1667)
1713:(until 1548)
1700:(until 1719)
1643:(until 1548)
1635:(until 1548)
1555:
1526:(until 1648)
1518:(until 1548)
1480:(until 1678)
1415:
1404:
1389:
1374:
1337:
1313:. Retrieved
1306:
1285:
1281:
1272:
1256:
1252:
1244:
1243:G. Benecke,
1239:
1231:
1228:
1223:
1215:
1212:
1207:
1195:. Retrieved
1185:
1176:
1146:
1106:
1101:
1091:
1088:
1082:
1077:
1067:17 September
1065:. Retrieved
1060:
1025:
993:
989:
981:Bibliography
975:
959:
945:
929:
921:
909:
907:
901:
890:
879:
875:until 1825.
870:
852:. After the
831:
802:
774:
764:
754:
748:
733:
727:
720:
717:
710:
701:
695:
692:
686:. Its abbot
677:
669:in New York.
645:
641:
635:
622:
620:
613:
612:, author of
603:
598:
596:
591:
577:
558:
545:
542:Nova Corbeia
541:
538:Villa Huxori
537:
531:
528:Corbie Abbey
508:
478:
405:
373:
371:
368:Corvey today
229:
205:Architecture
86:Municipality
18:Corvey Abbey
2805:Netherlands
2791:Switzerland
2693:Switzerland
2135:Upper Saxon
2084:until 1648
2010:Spiegelberg
1983:Delmenhorst
1854:Tecklenburg
1718:East Frisia
1618:East Frisia
1336:Website of
868:, in 1820.
834:secularized
823: [
812: [
663:Wernigerode
592:Reichsabtei
580:Saint Vitus
526:abbey from
524:Benedictine
516: [
493:Halberstadt
485:Charlemagne
394:Benedictine
300:Buffer zone
274:State Party
255:2014 (38th
247:ii, iii, iv
192: /
60:Affiliation
2879:Categories
2630:Wadden Sea
2389:Wittenberg
2284:Hildesheim
2131:Burgundian
2115:Franconian
2080:from 1648
1993:Schaumburg
1937:Myllendonk
1922:Hallermund
1849:Schaumburg
1824:Ravensberg
1811:Overijssel
1796:Dillenburg
1697:Bronkhorst
1352:, unl.edu.
1315:1 December
1081:The site,
891:Kaisersaal
838:Napoleonic
757:remained.
549:pronounced
489:Hildesheim
481:Saxon Wars
448:Romanesque
444:Westphalia
396:abbey and
252:Designated
177:51°46âČ44âłN
2335:Stralsund
2325:Chilehaus
2270:Danevirke
2015:Steinfurt
1976:uncertain
1947:Schleiden
1927:Holzappel
1917:Gronsfeld
1890:From 1792
1873:Beilstein
1869:Winneburg
1859:Virneburg
1806:Oldenburg
1726:Groningen
1685:From 1500
1640:Luxemburg
1510:Paderborn
1505:OsnabrĂŒck
1197:17 August
1177:Monumente
1022:491824148
918:Hohenlohe
722:Reichstag
505:Paderborn
458:in 2014.
414:from the
379:âčSee Tfdâș
180:9°24âČ34âłE
2825:Slovakia
2779:Slovenia
2773:Slovakia
2725:Bulgaria
2687:Slovenia
2519:Southern
2385:Eisleben
2268:and the
2233:Northern
2127:Austrian
2099:Bavarian
2052:Duisburg
2047:Dortmund
1988:Fagnolle
1952:Wickrath
1942:Reckheim
1834:Rietberg
1734:Guelders
1705:Diepholz
1692:Bentheim
1632:Guelders
1604:Arenberg
1012:50130269
775:Westwerk
755:Westwerk
742:(future
702:Westwerk
688:Markward
599:Westwerk
584:St Denis
533:Probstei
440:westwork
382:German:
292:Property
244:Criteria
239:Cultural
81:Location
65:Catholic
54:Religion
46:Westwork
2851:Czechia
2845:Belgium
2839:Austria
2819:Austria
2811:Denmark
2797:Ukraine
2767:Romania
2731:Croatia
2713:Belgium
2707:Austria
2701:Albania
2669:Austria
2611:Natural
2425:Western
2350:Central
2329:Hamburg
2202:Germany
2144:
2103:Swabian
2070:Warburg
2057:Herford
2042:Cologne
1962:Utrecht
1912:Gimborn
1878:Zutphen
1819:Pyrmont
1791:Hadamar
1710:Drenthe
1596:Secular
1566:Herford
1515:Utrecht
1500:MĂŒnster
1477:Cambrai
1409:. 1905.
1288:, 2004.
936:Library
910:Schloss
873:diocese
858:Prussia
805:Pius VI
730:Tacitus
678:In the
624:Hellweg
479:In the
410:of the
400:now in
277:Germany
257:session
2833:France
2761:Poland
2743:France
2675:France
2653:Poland
2492:Speyer
2339:Wismar
2266:Hedeby
2141:
2062:Verden
2037:Aachen
2029:Cities
1974:Status
1957:Wittem
1897:Anholt
1781:Nassau
1755:Lingen
1673:Counts
1663:Verden
1648:Minden
1623:JĂŒlich
1609:Cleves
1586:Werden
1556:Corvey
1523:Verden
1495:Minden
1485:Corvey
1401:Corvei
1386:Corvey
1263:
1153:
1089:Mannus
1083:Hethis
1020:
1010:
1000:
864:, the
836:under
771:Gothic
735:Annals
713:Höxter
698:Wibald
652:counts
642:bannus
638:Otto I
565:Ansgar
546:Corvey
509:Hethis
452:Gothic
336:550yds
282:Region
90:Höxter
2857:Italy
2785:Spain
2749:Italy
2681:Italy
2481:Trier
2323:with
2003:Lippe
1998:Hesse
1907:Gemen
1773:Moers
1760:Lippe
1742:Horne
1677:Lords
1653:Moers
1611:with
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1561:Essen
1490:LiĂšge
1038:Notes
1016:Also
992:[
972:Today
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501:synod
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2822:and
2808:and
2794:and
2690:and
2475:and
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2254:and
1871:and
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1844:Sayn
1786:Diez
1750:Hoya
1627:Berg
1613:Mark
1317:2022
1261:ISBN
1199:2014
1151:ISBN
1069:2022
1018:OCLC
1008:OCLC
998:ISBN
889:The
647:pagi
491:and
450:and
372:The
334:500m
268:1447
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