Costache Aristia - Knowledge

157: 1058: 846:. As reported by Curie himself, it was Aristia who took the initiative in transforming irregular theatrical classes into a more structured drama club: "He was famous artist, a good painter, an architect, a sculptor, a poet. He had great, solid ideas about each and everything. He wanted a classical theater; he proceeded by searching through the libraries of Greek monks, those who were present at Bucharest, for those books showing Arab and Jewish costumes and from these antique models he created the theater's wardrobe, sewing them together himself, out of fine cloth, creating a historically accurate scene". Aristia received encouragement from the 789: 1040:, prompting Heliade to remark that Curie had "shed his blood for the honor of Romanian theater". Reportedly, some at Ghica's court were impressed by the event, and inquired about "the emperor" Curie's health. Although the play could go back into production from January 1838, and also taken up by Caragiale's troupe in Moldavia, Heliade and Aristia's activity was interrupted by major setbacks. As reported by Hodoșiu, "indirect persecutions", showing Alexandru II's mounting jealousy, but also conflicts within the Society itself, again brought Aristia's work to a standstill. The Philharmonic ceased functioning when 1076: 1179:("Lady Maria"). In 1845, he had also produced a third and expanded edition of his work on French grammar. He was nevertheless struggling to make ends meet. By 1847, his two Bucharest homes had been taken by his creditors, and Lucsița had prevented his access to her dowry. Despite his participation in the princely cult, Aristia was being driven into the camp opposing Bibescu's relative conservatism. He now "totally integrated" within the Romanian national movement, emerging as a member of the liberal conspiratorial society, 1206:, and was only appointed a regular member for one Bucharest's five defense committees. According to Aricescu, Aristia and Nicolae Teologu were supported by the populace, who gathered at Filaret to protest against Crețulescu's selection. This prompted the authorities to censure them with a proclamation against "anarchy"; as read by Aricescu, the document proved that Aristia and Teologu, as Heliade disciples, were less left-wing than Rosetti and other "demagogues", who made up most of the revolutionary cabinet. 31: 1420:, was by then the country's reigning Prince. By July 1850, Aristia had written several letters to both Știrbei and his Ottoman supervisors asking that he and his wife be forgiven. These letters show that he had buried two children and had one living daughter, Aristeea Aristia, as "my only fortune in this world." Știrbei gave his approval, and on September 13 a decree was issued allowing him and his family to cross the border; they did so in 1851. He now helped establish the prototype 1202:. During the original uprising, he agitated among Bucharest's citizens, reciting "revolutionary hymns". Following Bibescu's ouster, the Provisional Government established a National Guard, and organized a contest to select its commander. Papazoglu recalls that Aristia was the first Guard commander, elected by the Bucharest citizenry with an acclamation on the field of Filaret. Other accounts suggest that Aristia presented himself as a candidate, but lost to government favorite 485: 1772:. A similar point is made by comparatist Cornelia Papacostea-Danielopolu, according to whom Aristia's activity in Greece "revived theatrical productions during the revolutionary period", while his work with the Ghica children signified the "origin of modern Romanian theater." Philologist Federico Donatiello notes that Heliade and Aristia had a "keen interest" in transposing the theatrical canon of the 991:. Russian envoys took offense, and the production was suspended. Its noticeable opposition to Alexandru II, and financial setbacks, put an end to the Philharmonic Society during the early months of 1837. Aristia's pupils attempted to take up similar projects, but generally failed to build themselves actual careers. Exceptions included Costache Caragiale, who was able to find employment at 550:. They were met with "frenetic applause, exuberance and overflowing emotions". Soutzos was troubled by this reception, and decided to ban all plays that could be construed as critiques of religion and political affairs. He was ignored by the troupe, who answered more directly to a group of Eterist conspirators; they continued with provocative stagings of plays by Voltaire and 1275:, the conservative memoirist, the "ridiculous parody" was entirely organized by "a Greek man, namely C. Aristia". Voinescu muses: "What should we call such an act? Which nation has ever set fire to its own laws before even making herself some new ones! but there is some consolation in the knowledge that the chief leader of this display was a Greek." 1502: 1101:, where the former set up a Philodramatic Society. His cultural manifesto, addressed to the Greek people, was published on 25 September 1840. It won him instant support from other former Eterists relocated to Athens, including his mentor Rizos Neroulos, as well as from the deposed Prince John Caradja. Aristia's text was a critique of 800:, or the "ideals of the Romanian national community", is noted by historian Nicolae Isar as being exemplary for a generation of assimilated Greeks. The poet was initially threatened by the overwhelming prestige of French culture, which marginalized Greek influence: he reportedly lost students to the new French school, founded by 861:, meeting with his pupil Ghica and other young intellectuals. Together with Heliade, they established a Philharmonic Society. He organized classes in acting and declamation at the Dramatic School, a branch of the Philharmonic Society. This was the first learning institution for professional acting to exist in the 1804:

to intervene and rescue the country from Ottoman subjection. Aristia produced the image of Greece as a source of civilization, a sun around which all other countries revolved as "planets". According to Timoni, the hymn was an unfortunate choice of words: "it is this new kind of sun which, for all its

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is viewed as "unintelligible" to more modern readers, "in a language that is new, harmonious, enchanting, but is not Romanian." According to the critic Ioan Duma, Aristia's care in answering his detractors was misdirected, since his translation remained "vacuous"; scholar N. Bănescu also highlights

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we almost wrestled over me jibing at Heliade and the Phanariotes." A committed supporter of Heliade's post-revolutionary faction, Aristia successively lived in Brașov, Paris, Istanbul, and Athens. In February 1849, "Provisional Government members and delegates of the Romanian emigration", including

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Writing in January 1914, Ananescu noted that no arrangements had ever been made for his grandfather's centennial in 1900. This gaffe, he notes, was remedied in 1903, when Ollănescu-Ascanio produced a short historical play in which Aristia was a leading role. The Aristia archive was by then mostly

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Aristia also discovered and promoted a Bucharest-born tragedian, Ioan Tudor Curie. He continued to have an influence on fashion: most students, above all Curie and Costache Mihăileanu, imitated their teacher's every mannerism. Because of Aristia, a generation of actors "trilled and swagged", wore

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in Moldavia, as well as Eufrosina Popescu and Ralița Mihăileanu, who were leading ladies in Bucharest until the late 1870s. By May 1837, Aristia himself had traveled to Moldavia, accompanying Heliade on a networking trip and hoping to coordinate efforts between dissenting intellectuals from both

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While his talents as an animator garnered praise, his lyrical work was a topic of debate and scandal. Early on, his poetry in Greek raised a political issue. Writing in 1853, philologist Alexandre Timoni noted that Aristia's hymn to Greece "lacked inspiration", but nonetheless had a "remarkable

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In 1864, Costache and Lucsița Aristia were living on Stejar Street. They declared themselves "of Hellenic origin, of Romanian birth, of Christian Orthodox religion". His daughter Aristeea married the biologist Dimitrie Ananescu that same year; the younger Alexandrina was from 1871 the wife of

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informs that in May 1850 Aristia was stranded in Vienna, unable to continue his European journeys after a financial "blunder". As noted by the same Arăpilă, such episodes did not prevent Aristia from presenting the financial situation of revolutionary cells in unrealistic terms, and to promise

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Aristia took Heliade's part in his conflict with fellow exile Bălcescu, accusing the latter of having squandered funds collected for the revolutionary cause. In July 1849, a common resolution by the Russian and Ottoman governments named him among the 34 individuals "who have taken part in the

1435:("The Christian Villager"). It carried a dedication to the Princess-consort, Elisabeta Cantacuzino-Știrbei. Aristia continued to be active during Știrbei's second reign, which began in October 1854. That year, his scattered poems were collected in an almanac put out by the Romanians of 2006:, borrowed from Latin in its original meaning, "provision for a journey". Aristia's project in Bible translation may have been inspired by Heliade's earlier attempts. According to Birtz, he refrained from following Heliade's heretical speculation, and was thus deemed palatable by the 1712:; the area was condemned and the pits were covered up. Lucsița sold off the remainder of her husband's vineyard and mines to an entrepreneur named Viting, but her inheritors litigated the matter until ca. 1940. By then, the family house had been demolished to build a hospital for the 1564:. Written from the point of view of children in an orphanage, it honored the musician and philanthropist Elisa Blaremberg. His status was declining: by the 1850s, his and Talma's style of acting were being purged from theaters by a more realistic school, whose leading exponents were 1013:; in January 1836, he had married the Romanian Lucsița Mărgăritescu. Around that time, Aristia was inhabiting a townhouse to one side of Bucharest's Lutheran Church (Luterană Street), where he also hosted the city's first state-sanctioned girls' school. His father in law, 1356:, who feared that Aristia and the others would end up as Ottoman prisoners in Istanbul, or handed over to the Russians. In October, Grant met the hostages near Vidin, noting that they were "in a most wretched state". Aristia was finally taken with the other exiles to 388:, the Wallachian capital, in 1800. The date was pushed back to 1797 in some sources, but Aristia's relatives denied that this was accurate. In 1952, folklorist Dimitrios Economides, who conducted interviews with the Aristia family, argued that Costache was born in 1884:

magazine ridiculed the poet for "unleash all his poetic energy on Bibescu's horse", and claimed that this aspect also annoyed the Prince himself. Aristia expected the book to be known and praised by his Moldavian colleagues, to whom he sent free copies. Instead,

1231:, whose memoirs recall an encounter with "Aristia (hitherto a demented acting coach) and one Apoloni, armed to their teeth, their hats festooned with feathers." Lăcusteanu also claims that he easily tricked Aristia into allowing him to lodge with a friend, 1424:. Together with Costache Caragiale, he participated in the very first production of a play by that institution, on December 31, 1851. The family moved back into their home at Giulești, where they began tending to their vineyard and opened a number of 1217:

in their work uniforms, who amused the populace with their poor military training. During his period as a revolutionary officer, Aristia himself helped carry out the clampdown on Bibescu loyalists. According to Heliade, the reactionary leader

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notes that Aristia was never a member of Talma's acting class, but only a regular spectator to his shows, and after that his imitator. Puchner questions whether this trip ever took place, since "no evidence has surfaced for stay in Paris."

1828:. Before his temporary disenchantment and pause, he considered Romanian especially apt for translating literature, for being "robust" as well as "receptive of new things". In addition to being politically divisive, Aristia's version of 1489:, this activity had consumed him for the previous four years. He also credited its success to grants awarded by two Wallachian Ministers of Education—his former enemy Scarlat Crețulescu, and his one-time Philharmonic colleague, 1995:

Aristia's efforts in enriching the Romanian lexis were also directed to non-lyrical pursuits, as with his version of Plutarch and its 24-page glossary. The standard proposed here was profusely Italienized, with some Greek

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Shortly after, Aristia resigned and was replaced with Teologu. He remained enlisted with the Guard, helping its new commander with the reorganization. According to one later record, Aristia also served as a revolutionary

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was captured by "Constantin Aristias, a colonel in the national guard, who enjoyed the People's great confidence". Heliade claims that Aristia saved Solomon from a near-lynching, ordering his protective imprisonment at

1121:, which he himself translated into Greek; it premiered on 24 November 1840. According to one anecdote, Aristia "so very much scared those dames of reborn Hellada with the realism of his acting, that some just fainted." 434:, Aristia also debuted as a teacher of drama upon his return to Bucharest, at some point before 1815. His first-generation students supposedly included Stephanos "Natis" Caragiale, grandfather of the Romanian dramatist 1152:. These alternated "careful pledges of submission to law and the authorities" with "critical notes against injustice and abuse by those in power." Curie, meanwhile, opted not to return to his homeland, signing for the 1685:, where Costache hosted a literary salon. As noted by his grandson Constantin D. Ananescu, the aging and debilitated poet still rejoiced upon witnessing Romania's full emancipation from the Ottoman Empire with the 1852:

was also simplified, with the removal of any superfluous characters. According to Călinescu, the result was still somewhat prolix, and the vocabulary "bizarre", mainly because "Aristia has not mastered Romanian".

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Constantin Rezachevici, Valeriu Stan, "Memoriile istorice ale colonelului Ion Voinescu I, un izvor inedit privitor la istoria politică a veacului al XIX-lea. Fragmente referitoare la revoluția de la 1848", in

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By 1839, Prince Ghica had engineered Heliade's political marginalization; the only two Heliade loyalists to still declare publicly were Poenaru and Aristia. During those months, the conservative schoolteacher

1213:: June 25), Crețulescu resigned, freeing his seat for Aristia. According to Papazoglu, entire sections of the National Guard existed only on paper. Those that did exist comprised regular members of the city 689:, turning it into an anti-Phanariote manifesto. It remains the only work by Molière ever to be brought on stage in Wallachia, despite many translations of his other plays. Also in 1825, Aristia traveled to 659:

had supporting roles; their costumes were improvised from bed linen and old dresses. Ghica describes his teacher as an "epic" and "fiery" character, noting in passing that Aristia was also promoting the

448:, who dates these events to "the spring and autumn of 1817", questions the accuracy of historical records, noting that they contradict each other on the details; according to memoirist and researcher 416:

by origin, Aristia himself noted that, on his paternal side at least, he was a "good Greek". He described his relationship with Wallachia in terms of voluntary assimilation, as advised by his father:

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and autonomous, Romanians, having fulfilled all their obligations toward the Ottoman Court, can now only place themselves under the protections of those powers interested in Turkish independence."

4967: 1556:, as the nucleus of modern Romania. Under this new regime, Aristia was again confirmed as a teacher of French and Greek at Saint Sava, though some records also suggest that he only taught Greek at 1485: 1572:. In 1860, the BFBS ended its contract with Aristia, who was demanding ever-increasing funds, and whose libertine lifestyle was viewed as distasteful by local missionaries. P. Teulescu of the 569:, pledged to support Ypsilantis rather than Vladimirescu. The event was marked by a large display of Greek nationalism in downtown Bucharest, the details of which were committed to writing by 764:

suggests that Aristia returned to his activities on the stage during the actual occupation, in the interval following Grigore Ghica's ouster. His "timid attempt" included shows of Alfieri's

1140:. This was the first publication specifically aimed at educating Wallachia's peasants, and was distributed by rural schools. Aristia held his own column in the form of "moralizing tales", 944:, initially commissioned and produced by the same Society. It was never printed, but served as the basis for a show on December 1, 1836. He prepared, but never managed to print, Molière's 2263:

Călinescu, p. 150; Donatiello, pp. 28, 43; Dumitrescu, p. 15; Ghica & Roman, p. 149; Lărgeanu, p. 7; Potra (1990), p. 524; Puchner (2017), p. 293; Stamatopoulou-Vasilakou, p. 48

3463: 1372:; Snagoveanu was able to persuade the peasants that the new arrivals, though revolutionary exiles, were not friends of the Hungarians, and that they could be granted safe conduct. 1409:). The poet had refused an offer of naturalization by Greece, and instead was seeking to follow Heliade's example and begin serving the Ottomans; for this reason, he traveled to 656: 1097:

published a detailed critique of Wallachia's educational system, prompting Aristia to take up its defense. Around that time, Aristia and Curie went on a theatrical tour of the

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asserted the role played by Heliade and his "constellation", including Aristia, with activating the "rejuvenation age" in Wallachia and Romania. Among his later commentators,

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Federico Donatiello, "Lingua e nazione sulla scena: il teatro di Alfieri, Voltaire e Felice Romani e il processo di modernizzazione della società romena nel XIX secolo", in

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as "confusing and embarrassing verse". In "pompous style", it depicted the minutiae of Bibescu's coronation, and defined Bibescu as the paragon of patriotism, on par with

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the issue of Aristia "tortur language". Călinescu sees Aristia's text as a "masterpiece in extravagance", a "caricature-like answer" to more professional translations by

1708:("Aristia's Pits"). In 1891, a sanitation committee, presided upon by Alfred Bernard-Lendway, found that the remaining pits had gathered toxic water and were a source of 4932: 1988:

notes, Aristia's applied talents "did wonders" for advancing the Romanian literary effort. Bârlea defends Aristia against his "many critics", especially those who, like

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Though resuming his literary activities, Aristia declared himself frustrated in his work as a translator by the lack of a literary standard, including in matters of

620:, where he reportedly continued his education and became familiar with Italian theater. Performing in charity shows for destitute children, in or around 1824 he met 1832:

was stylistically controversial. Its language was defended with an erudite chronicle by Heliade himself, and was much treasured by the aspiring Moldavian novelist,

961:, which included his short biography of the author. The published version also featured Aristia's notes, outlining answers to his earliest critics, whom he called " 4937: 1740:—his "sentimental biography" provides the author with a pretext for discussing the world of theater and its political leanings and morals before and during 1848. 3514: 1600: 4501: 2227:

Dumitrescu, p. 15; Papazoglu & Speteanu, p. 321; Papacostea-Danielopolu, p. 74; Potra (1990), p. 524; Puchner (2017), p. 285; Stamatopoulou-Vasilakou, p. 48

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was the Society's other major success: it doubled as a patriotic play, with messages that theatergoers understood to be subversively aimed at occupation by the

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to report that the Philharmonic had failed in its stated mission of serving as the "school of morals". Aristia's subsequent work was a translation of Alfieri's

4977: 4892: 1324: 1032:. However, he pushed his pupils to exaggerate, causing them "nervous wear and tear" to the point of compete exhaustion. Curie was recalled to play the lead in 1789: 2179: 1110: 440: 223: 420:("Be steadfast as a Greek and a Romanian, be thankful"). Immersed in Greek culture, he still had virtually no understanding of written Romanian until 1828. 4564: 1769: 1517:(BFBS), Aristia began work on a Romanian Bible, for which he took on the signature "K. Aristias". He used the "latest Greek edition", verified against the 589:

rising from its ashes. The ceremony ended with the banner being planted on the Bellu gate, announced to the crowds as prefiguring the future reconquest of

449: 271: 4248: 3483: 1490: 274:. A trendsetter in art and fashion, he preserved his reputation even as Wallachians came to reject Greek domination. He adapted himself to their cultural 4997: 4907: 1814: 1848:. At this stage, Aristia focused on accuracy and precision, and refrained from adhering to Heliade's more heavily Italienized idiom; his version of the 4817: 1732:

in 1916. By 1919, the boys' school on Bucharest's Francmasonă (or Farmazonă) Street had been renamed after the poet. Aristia appears as a character in

1549:, the future poet, with Homer's work. However, Aristia rejected his own translation, and had by then produced a new one, ultimately published in 1858. 1132:"). Dissatisfied with the Ottonian regime, the author privately confessed that he longed to make his definitive return to Wallachia, "among those good 978: 1283:

The drift into radicalism was finally curbed by a new Ottoman intervention, which ended the Revolution altogether. As leader of the occupation force,

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was enthusiastic about the work, and presented Aristia with congratulations, expressed for all his subjects. This is sometimes described as the first

808:, which appeared in 1831. Despite his acculturation, Aristia continued to publicize the staples of "Eterist dramatic repertoire", which included both 740:

as a teacher of French; other records have him in Paris, where Aristia completed an hymn celebrating the Hellenic Republic. It was first published by

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wait that took some thousands of years, you have proven yourselves worthy of receiving an epic poem! This golden age of yours has arrived as an

804:. However, he compensated by exploiting his own French literary background. He is thus credited as a contributor to Heliade's Romanian version of 456:

was in fact managed by "director Aristias". At that stage, acting in Wallachia was an all-male enterprise, and Aristia appeared as a female lead,

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Emanuel Conțac, "Tradiția biblică românească. O prezentare succintă din perspectiva principalelor versiuni românești ale Sfintei Scripturi", in

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described some of Aristia's lyrics as "very poorly written and very badly cadenced". The group also promoted a less pretentious version of the

1219: 477: 1557: 4962: 4543: 431: 5052: 1662: 1596:, but resigned in favor of his pupil Epaminonda Francudi. In the 1870s part of his Giulești vineyard was taken over by the Romanian state. 1376: 3342: 5047: 4256:

Language and Literature – European Landmarks on Identity (Selected Papers of the 13th International Conference of the Faculty of Letters)

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identified this as a "maniacal" exaggeration which "does not befit a Romanian", and which was prone to make nationalism look ridiculous.

1611:. It appeared that same year, but proved to be "tedious, complicated, and quickly outdated." One other exception was an 1868 article for 1349: 4689:

Chrysothemis Stamatopoulou-Vasilakou, "The Greek Communities in the Balkans and Asia Minor and Their Theatrical Activity 1800–1922", in

920:. According to Hodoșiu, the Philharmonic had "incalculable" success with this play, which ensured that the group could count on a 2,000- 311:, though his own proposals in this field were widely criticized and ultimately rejected. Aristia was made popular by his translation of 5017: 4822: 4742: 1025:. Costache and Lucsița's first-born was a son, found dead at the age of three; a daughter, Aristeea Aristia, was born to them in 1842. 1259:("On Liberty"). In September, the Revolution itself took a more radical turn: at a public rally on September 18 (O. S.: September 6), 1028:

Aristia's school of acting, still heavily reliant on Talma, was nominally realistic, or "somewhat naturalistic", in that it relied on

854:. Kiselyov visited Aristia to make sure that the gatherings were non-political in content, after which he gave his personal blessing. 628:, and later claimed to have received his quasi-parental protection. Meanwhile, Costache's actual father had enlisted to fight for the 612:, side by side with a fellow actor, Spiros Drakoulis. He was seriously wounded on that battlefield, before receiving sanctuary in the 4972: 4872: 1007:

At home, the Ghica regime continued to bestow accolades upon the poet. In 1838, he was received into boyardom after being created a

30: 4917: 2607:, pp. 247, 615; Dumitrescu, pp. 13–16, 173–174; Papacostea-Danielopolu, p. 75; Potra (1990), p. 526; Stamatopoulou-Vasilakou, p. 48 1383:. The latter recalled in 1850: "I had the misfortune of spending 40 days on the Danube with this creature , and then on our way to 1311:

signed an order to banish Aristia and other rebels from Wallachia. The early leg of his deportation journey was a boat trip up the

655:, who was also directly tutored by Aristia. According to Ghica, Aristia reserved the title roles for himself, while Smărăndița and 5007: 5002: 4862: 2010:. His overall involvement in Christian literature was touched by additional controversy, particularly regarding its depiction of 209:-born poet, actor and translator, also noted for his activities as a soldier, schoolteacher, and philanthropist. A member of the 5012: 4982: 4867: 4792: 1876:. A fragment suggested the "main direction of princely propaganda", by identifying Bibescu with a 16th-century national hero, 4987: 4927: 4857: 4517: 4496: 4378: 4277: 2923: 2511: 625: 263: 2070:

M. M. H., "Cronica. Activitatea folcloristică internațională. Folcloriștii greci despre cercetările noastre de folclor", in

1984:. The effort was criticized on such grounds by Heliade himself, who "still preserved his common sense." However, as scholar 4802: 1836:. Aristia, who declared himself interested in rendering the language particular to the "pontiffs of poetry", innovated the 1268: 858: 520:, which slowly engineered the nationalist expedition in Moldavia and Wallachia. In late 1818 and early 1819, a new Prince, 1627:, including its eventual publication. This stance was being largely ignored by the new cultural mainstream, formed around 4897: 4842: 4837: 4797: 4767: 4752: 4747: 2007: 690: 1255:

from July 1848, employed the poet on its editorial team. Over three issues, it published his unabashed political essay,

430:, a Phanariote. His teachers there included philologist Constantin Vardalah. According to one late report by researcher 4832: 4772: 3815: 2628:

Anca Hațiegan, "Apariția actriței profesioniste: elevele primelor școli românești de muzică și artă dramatică (V)", in

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for his "very austere" funeral. The poet was survived by Aristeea Ananescu, his other daughter having died before him.

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Mirela-Luminița Murgescu, "Figura lui Mihai Viteazul în viziunea elitelor și în literatura didactică (1830—1860)", in

5022: 4912: 4847: 4661: 4629: 4576: 4228: 3912: 2187: 1514: 1271:) were publicly burned. Aristia and Bolliac participated in this event and gave "firebrand speeches." As reported by 1168: 745: 685: 368: 270:. Aristia used this opportunity to teach drama and direct plays, and thus became one of the earliest contributors to 1348:

and was able to modify its text before it reached his would-be executioners. Other reports note the intervention of

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at Saint Sava. He also gave informal classes in drama and had a series of student productions involving Rosetti and

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Istoria fondării orașului București. Istoria începutului orașului București. Călăuza sau conducătorul Bucureștiului

1821: 890: 847: 308: 3651:, "Despre adunarea și tipărirea izvoarelor relative la istoria romînilor. Rolul și misiunea Academiei Romîne", in 870: 359:. He kept out of politics for the remainder of his life, concentrating on his work at Saint Sava, and then at the 351:, and was finally expelled from Wallachia. He returned in 1851, having reconciled with the conservative regime of 4902: 1959: 1392:, asking for an international opposition to Russian intrusion into Wallachian political life. They asserted: "As 1339:, before being struck down by his Turkish guard—unfamiliar with theater, he feared that Aristia had gone insane. 1360:, some 160 kilometers upstream, where the revolutionaries negotiated crossing into Austrian territory by way of 5027: 4952: 4942: 4341:

Doina David, "Traducerea în istoria românei literare. Atitudini teoretice caracteristice anilor 1830–1860", in

1428:. The property increased from various purchases, but Aristia donated some of the plots to low-income families. 468:. According to various accounts, she was impressed by Aristia's talent, and reportedly sent him abroad, to the 4485:

A Circle of Friends. Romanian Revolutionaries and Political Exile, 1840–1859. Balkan Studies Library, Volume 3

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Alexandru Radu Vardalah. Following the transformation of Saint Sava, Costache was assigned a chair at the new

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Those years also witnessed Aristia's enthusiasm for political change in Wallachia: also in 1843, he published

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Greek Theatre between Antiquity and Independence. A History of Reinvention from the Third Century BC to 1830

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in Aristia's interpretation were criticized for their coinage of composite words—ridiculed examples include

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Bucharesters preserved a record of the deceased writer in the name they assigned to his former property, as

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Cornelia Papacostea-Danielopolu, "Les cours de grec dans les écoles roumaines après 1821 (1821—1866)", in

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Istoria filologieĭ române. Cu o privire retrospectivă asupra ultimelor deceniĭ (1870–1895). Studiĭ critice

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disorders of Wallachia", and whose entry in either Principality was to be prevented by force. A report by

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Bogdan-Duică, pp. 126–127; Dumitrescu, p. 12; Ghica & Roman, p. 436; Papazoglu & Speteanu, p. 321

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their hair long, and put on "garish" neckties. Students from those years included Natis Caragiale's son,

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Mémoires sur l'histoire de la régénération roumaine, ou Sur les événements de 1848 accomplis en Valachie

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Petre Gheorghe Bârlea, "Les mots de la colère dans les traductions roumaines des poèmes homériques", in

1232: 850:, who had heard of his "performing wonders" as an educator, but also from the Russian Governor-general, 4653: 2295:

Birtz, pp. 16, 44; Lăcusteanu & Crutzescu, p. 270; Lărgeanu, pp. 7–8; Papacostea-Danielopolu, p. 74

1849: 1510: 1454: 1421: 1342:

According to one account, Aristia was due to be executed alongside other radicals, but got hold of the

1129: 633: 343:, when, as leader of the National Guard, he arrested rival conservatives and publicly burned copies of 198: 4290: 1439:. For a while in September 1855, the Prince considered making Aristia his State Librarian. Becoming a 1191:, Aristia was aware of how his non-Romanianness clashed with revolutionary ideals; like Caragiale and 904:

The Philharmonic put up plays by foreigners—the only exception to this rule was a reported staging of

2630: 1844:

had a mixture of archaic terms, especially from Christian sermons, and new borrowings from the other

1577: 509: 255: 3369:

Mircea N. Popa, "'Plini de încredere în înțelepciunea și în simpatiile Dietei de la Frankfurt'", in

1417: 1124:

Also in 1840, a printing press in Athens put out Aristia's only original work of drama, the tragedy

865:. Alumni included three of Wallachia's pioneer actresses, Caliopi Caragiale, Ralița Mihăileanu, and 573:

from his interview with Aristia. The actor carried the "flag of liberty", an Eterist symbol showing

352: 5032: 4992: 4371:

Scriitorul, diplomatul și academicianul Dumitru (Dimitrie) Constantin Ollănescu-Ascanio (1849–1908)

1713: 1075: 788: 780:(displaying "such natural ferocity that he frightened the public, and even his teacher, Aristia"). 661: 4427: 4282: 4091: 2736: 1985: 1599:

Aristia was largely inactive during the final two decades of his life. In April 1867, he endorsed

1082: 676: 639:

Returning to his native Wallachia, Aristia found work as a private tutor for young members of the

621: 473: 300: 236: 35: 4787: 4762: 4261:

Iolanda Berzuc, "Arta interpretării teatrale și societatea românească în secolul al XIX-lea", in

1661:

Completely blind from 1872, Aristia dictated his final poem, written in memory of philanthropist

1593: 1081:

Leaders of the Wallachian uprising in a contemporary group portrait; Aristia is bottom left, and

801: 647:, had taken the Wallachian throne in 1822. His patron, Smărăndița Ghica, also asked him to stage 629: 401: 360: 218: 608:. According to various accounts, Aristia fought alongside the Sacred Band of Wallachia in their 262:. He escaped the country and moved between various European states, earning protection from the 5037: 4679: 4454: 3099: 1992:, spoke from "literary pride, having tried, in various takes, their own Homeric translations." 1869: 1380: 1364:—in effect, an escape from custody. Eventually, the group came ashore into a rural part of the 1184: 1029: 886: 570: 4212: 4107: 2015: 1955: 1195:, he compensated with "grandiloquent gestures" that would display his affinities with locals. 997: 4303: 3841:

Raport general asupra igienei publice și asupra Serviciului Sanitar al Capitalei pe anul 1891

3759: 3347: 2540:

Papacostea-Danielopolu, p. 75. See also Sibechi, pp. 387, 390; Stamatopoulou-Vasilakou, p. 48

1693:". His body was taken for burial at Sfânta Vineri Cemetery. The state treasury provided 1000 1647: 1553: 1316: 1153: 651:

plays in Greek at her Bucharest home. Regulars included the future politician and memoirist,

574: 356: 235:. She is claimed to have sponsored his voyage to France, where Aristia became an imitator of 78: 4086: 5042: 4737: 4732: 3927: 3594: 1981: 1773: 1765: 1757: 1670: 1401: 1389: 1113:. Aristia and is troupe are only known to have performed a single play in Athens. This was 1065: 831: 797: 750: 675:

This period also witnessed the first coordination between Aristia and a Wallachian writer,

609: 513: 296: 291: 259: 1198:

The poet reached his political prominence in June 1848, with the momentary victory of the

756: 554:, until May 1820, by which time local Greeks were in full preparation for the revolution. 367:. Among his last published works are Bible translations, taken up under contract with the 319:, which doubled as a nationalist manifesto, and earned accolades for his rendition of the 8: 3764: 3189: 3181: 2752:

Aurel Vasiliu, "Bucovina în viața și opera lui M. Eminescu", in Constantin Loghin (ed.),

1833: 1776:

into Romanian adaptations. Despite Aristia's Neoclassical references, literary historian

1749: 1639: 1604: 1288: 925: 736:

Economides suggests that Aristia had returned to Bucharest in 1827, joining the staff of

586: 582: 4708: 4467:"Două documente privitoare la poetul Constantin Aristia—comunicate de dr. Ananescu", in 4324: 1777: 1252: 1172: 1036:

during December 1837, and acted with such pathos that he fainted. Doctors intervened to

873:. From November 1, 1835, Aristia and his mentor Heliade were editors of its mouthpiece, 3788: 3719: 2885: 1939:, for "O goddess", in the very first line of the epic. Petre Gheorghe Bârlea describes 1865: 1560:, from 1860 to 1865. Also in 1859, Aristia published his final original work of verse, 1542: 1513:. He considered giving up on this activity. Also in 1857, after being contacted by the 1450: 1368:, controlled by local Romanians, who defended the Austrian cause against the breakaway 1300: 1017:

Ioan Mărgăritescu, granted the couple a vineyard in the unincorporated neighborhood of

966: 917: 839: 737: 598: 566: 558: 521: 435: 304: 283: 251: 4675: 3338: 1958:

likens the artificial project to that undertaken in 16th-century French literature by

1681:. Beginning that year, the Aristias rented a home on Sfinții Voievozi Street, west of 1665:, accidentally poisoned in 1874. In May 1876, he received from the Romanian state the 1292: 557:

Aristia awaited the Eterists in Bucharest, which had been occupied by troops loyal to

4712: 4657: 4625: 4599: 4572: 4513: 4492: 4458: 4435: 4418: 4400: 4374: 4356: 4317:

Valeriu Bologa, "Articole mărunte. Un Rus despre literatura română în anul 1844", in

4294: 4273: 4224: 3908: 3552: 3487: 3193: 3012: 2919: 2507: 2183: 1890: 1877: 1845: 1825: 1797: 1655: 1538: 1416:

Aristia also made ample efforts to be allowed back into Wallachia—Bibescu's brother,

1284: 1240: 1098: 866: 716: 505: 333: 243: 210: 177: 3995:

Tableau synoptique et pittoresque des littératures les plus remarquables de l'Orient

2779:

Donatiello, p. 28; Lăcusteanu & Crutzescu, p. 270; Papacostea-Danielopolu, p. 75

1792:. Theatrologist Florin Tornea also describes Aristia's acting as "murky romantic". 1785: 1764:

argues that Aristia was personally responsible for unifying the early traditions of

1296: 924:

budget. Other productions riled up conservative sensitivities, as was the case with

4591: 4488: 4245:

Viața și scrierile Marelui-Vornic Iordache Golescu. Bucăți alese din ineditele sale

1674: 1480: 1188: 1187:, but notes that the organization itself never claimed him. According to historian 1164: 1145: 823: 669: 644: 593:. Reportedly, "the flag that was carried by Mr. Aristia" was later also adopted by 590: 578: 551: 329: 312: 4397:

Din vremea renașterii naționale a țării românești: Boierii Golești. III: 1850–1852

2486: 1748:

Aristia was widely seen as an important figure in the early modernizing stages of

1136:". He did so before October 1843, and served as co-editor of Poenaru's newspaper, 761: 4696:

Florin Tornea, "Centenarul nașterii lui C. Nottara. Moștenirea 'Meșterului'", in

4476:

Nicolae Isar, "Documentar. Două publicații din timpul revoluției de la 1848", in

4311: 3544: 3371: 3008: 2489:, "Foisior'a. Relatiunea dlui Iosif Hodosiu despre teatru in tierile romane", in 1977: 1781: 1682: 1634: 1522: 1501: 1353: 1320: 748:, which placed Wallachia and Moldavia under a modernizing regime, defined by the 613: 525: 457: 2214:

Minar, p. 6; Ionuț Niculescu, "Familia Caragiale – între adevăr și legendă", in

528:, portraying the "hatred of tyranny and self-sacrifice for the fatherland"—from 4636: 4581: 3549:

Bibliografia analitică a periodicelor românești. Volumul 2: 1851–1858, Partea I

3480:

Viața și domnia lui Barbu Dimitrie Știrbei, domn al Țerii-Romănești (1849–1856)

3000: 2504:

O istorie a Principatelor Române: de la emancipare politică la Unire, 1769–1859

1837: 1810: 1761: 1733: 1546: 1526: 1518: 1475: 1410: 1304: 1118: 1106: 988: 974: 933: 878: 851: 733:. Puchner also mentions that Aristia eventually taught classes at the academy. 700: 695: 465: 445: 393: 348: 232: 186: 65: 4434:. Paris: Librairie de la propagande démocratique et sociale européene, 1851. 1623:, asked Romanian authorities to sponsor Aristia's complete translation of the 1291:, part of a prison population which also included Bălcescu, Bolliac, Rosetti, 1144:("Man's Duties"), sometimes inspired by historical episodes from the times of 1109:, attracting their opposition to his projects; they promoted Aristia's rival, 744:

in 1829. Meanwhile, the anti-Ottoman trend received endorsement following the

412:, were at their "great acme". Though seen by scholar Petre Gheorghe Bârlea as 404:) were autonomous entities of the Ottoman realm; Greek cultural dominance and 4726: 4444: 3648: 3475: 3384: 2112:

Constantin D. Ananescu, "Constantin Aristia — 114 anĭ de la nașterea sa", in

1989: 1933: 1813:, and similarly alluded to Greek liberation; it was dedicated to the Eterist 1678: 1581: 1192: 1149: 916:

was a favorite with the public—Aristia did not appear in it, but served as a

827: 773: 648: 517: 405: 279: 247: 214: 139: 1964: 1897:. It read: "Clap your hands, my fellow Romanians, for at long last, after a 438:. Before graduating, Aristia himself was an actor for the open-air venue at 88:

actor, schoolteacher, translator, journalist, soldier, politician, landowner

4584:, "Repatrierea exilaților după revoluția din 1848 din Țara Românească", in 3896: 3540: 1951: 1694: 1576:

employed him as a translator of Greek Wallachian documents from the age of

1388:

Heliade and Aristia, signed a letter of protest addressed primarily to the

1244: 1037: 741: 640: 617: 605: 497: 427: 275: 267: 121: 4603: 4422: 3491: 3197: 3016: 1183:. Historian Mircea Birtz hypothesizes that he was also initiated into the 754:

constitution. His hymn was published as a brochure by Heliade's newspaper

4598:. Bucharest: Editura Institutului de Istorie Literară și Folclor, 1935. 4462: 4439: 4298: 3836: 3762:, "Retorica pentru tinerimea studioasă de Dimitrie Gusti, ediț. II.", in 2603:

Berzuc, p. 97; Bogdan-Duică, pp. 127, 172; Călinescu, pp. 150, 267; Dima

1801: 1615:, where he campaigned for the adaptation of Romanian poetry to classical 1565: 1552:

In January 1859, Wallachia was effectively merged with Moldavia into the

1446: 898: 724: 409: 278:, publishing textbooks for learning French, and teaching both French and 143: 129: 117: 4716: 3599: 2331:

Iorga (1921), pp. 272–273. See also Călinescu, p. 150; Lărgeanu, pp. 7–8

2114: 1018: 992: 484: 4506:

Amintirile colonelului Lăcusteanu. Text integral, editat după manuscris

2401:

Ghica & Roman, pp. 12, 149, 255, 348. See also Potra (1990), p. 524

1905:

that's packed full of wriggled verse and of ideas even more wriggled."

897:. He followed up with a series of French-language courses, including a 843: 813: 729: 413: 3319: 3317: 1462: 834:; during these, Rosetti "revealed himself as a very gifted thespian". 760:, which thus hinted at Romanian national emancipation. One account by 680: 604:

In April–August, Ypsilantis' forces were encircled and crushed by the

4612:

Petrache Poenaru, ctitor al învățământului în țara noastră. 1799–1875

4406: 4343:

Analele Universității de Vest din Timișoara. Seria Științe Filologice

1920:("white-armed"); more such words also appeared in the 1850s version: 1616: 1603:'s effort to introduce more rigorous acting through a translation of 1425: 1357: 1102: 962: 777: 652: 385: 228: 206: 57: 53: 4270:

Considerații asupra unor traduceri biblice românești din sec. XIX–XX

4263:

Studii și Cercetări de Istoria Artei. Teatru, Muzică, Cinematografie

3104:

Capii Revolutiuniĭ Române dela 1848 — judecați de propriele lor acte

2696:, pp. 247, 258; Donatiello, pp. 34–37, 43; Ghica & Roman, p. 436 1689:. He died in his Sfinții Voievozi home on April 18, 1880, after an " 1384: 1303:, and various others; people less implicated in the events, such as 679:. Inspired by the latter, in 1825 Aristia produced and performed in 534: 3314: 2011: 2002: 1716:, though the general area was still known for its namesake writer. 1690: 1470: 1441: 665: 539: 397: 389: 61: 4684:

Corespondența între Ion Ionescu de la Brad și Ion Ghica, 1846–1874

4642:"The Theatre in South-East Europe in the Wake of Nationalism", in 4624:, Vol. I. Bucharest: Editura științifică și enciclopedică, 1990. 4073:

Ghica & Roman, p. 528. See also Călinescu, pp. 150, 319; Dima

2734:

Ioan Duma, "Dări de seamă. Omer: Iliada — trad. de Gh. Murnu", in

2558:

Potra (1990), pp. 524–525. See also Călinescu, pp. 166, 171; Dima

973:

translation into Romanian; some evidence suggests that Moldavia's

396:, "around the year 1800". At the time of his birth, Wallachia and 4509: 4353:

Istoria literaturii române. II: De la Școala Ardeleană la Junimea

4181:

Despina Ursu, "Glosare de neologisme din perioada 1830–1860", in

3653:

Prinos lui D. A. Sturdza la la implinirea celor șépte zeci de ani

2876:

Călinescu, p. 150; Iorga (1935), pp. 25–27; Pippidi, pp. 339, 344

2428:

Bogdan-Duică, p. 125. See also Călinescu, pp. 64, 140, 149; Dima

1861: 1709: 1629: 1224: 1133: 862: 125: 4968:

19th-century military personnel of the Principality of Wallachia

4571:. Bucharest: Fundația Culturală Gheorghe Marin Speteanu, 2000. 4051:

Călinescu, p. 150. See also Bologa, pp. 567–568; Pippidi, p. 339

2766: 2764: 2762: 1431:

Aristia returned to print in 1853 with a series of moral tales,

1287:

ordered a roundup of revolutionaries. Aristia was imprisoned at

1997: 1902: 1873: 1637:

in favor of more natural patterns. In a February 1876 issue of

1436: 1344: 1312: 1022: 1009: 493: 3460:

Societatea de lectură din Oradea, 1852—1875. Studiu monografic

3418:

Birtz, p. 16; Dumitrescu, p. 15; Papacostea-Danielopolu, p. 74

3142:

Lăcusteanu & Crutzescu, p. 160. See also Călinescu, p. 203

2000:

added. The preface also included a first instance of the word

1824:, but before the definition of standard literary language and 1461:, a painter and revolutionary figure who had died in exile at 423:

Costache entered Bucharest's Greek School during the reign of

4451:

Izvoarele contemporane asupra mișcării lui Tudor Vladimirescu

3728:, Vol. IV, Issue 7, July 1937, p. 58. See also Mănucă, p. 195 3686:

Gheorghe Vasilescu, "Din istoricul cartierului Giulești", in

2759: 1365: 1361: 1332: 1307:, were released back into society. On September 24, Fuad and 1214: 957: 952: 921: 321: 213:, his adolescence and early youth coincided with the peak of 4293:& Editura Institutului de Arte Grafice Ardealul, 1923. 3106:, pp. 48–52. Bucharest: Typographia Stephan Rassidescu, 1866 16:

Romanian writer, actor, soldier and translator (1800 - 1880)

1889:

was "mercilessly" panned by the celebrated Moldavian poet,

1805:

splendor, rotates around ." Aristia's other work in Greek,

1453:

finally awarded him that same office. In 1857–1858, he and

266:, before returning to Bucharest as a private tutor for the 4383:

Nicolae Felecan, "Noțiunea de 'drum' în limba română", in

2788:

Nicolae Lascu, "Alecu Beldiman traducător al Odiseei", in

2970:

Berzuc, p. 97; Potra (1990), p. 528; Sibechi, pp. 387–388

4329:

Istoria literaturii române de la origini pînă în prezent

2756:, p. 353. Cernăuți: Editura Mitropolitul Silvestru, 1943 2174:

Maria Protase, "Aristia Costache", in Aurel Sasu (ed.),

1278: 977:

had produced another one ca. 1820, around the time when

347:. During the backlash, he was himself a prisoner of the 3501: 3499: 3045:

Bologa, pp. 567–568; Lăcusteanu & Crutzescu, p. 270

2714:

Bogdan-Duică, p. 175. See also Călinescu, p. 140; Dima

1163:("The Romanian Prince"), which comprises encomiums for 996:

Principalities. Samples of his poetry were taken up in

699:. Sponsored by Guilford, he finally graduated from the 624:, who drew his portrait. Also at Rome, Aristia met the 336:, where, in 1840, he published his only work of drama. 4471:, Vol. XXI, Issues 1–3, January–March 1935, pp. 25–28. 4089:, "Vasile Alexandri.—Un junimist patruzecioptist", in 3517:, "Moștenirea lui Barbu Iscovescu și destinul ei", in 3271:

Bolintineanu & Roman, pp. 24–25; Călinescu, p. 150

2014:

as both a Romanian and the "first Christian". Scholar

1950:, which was retained in the version penned in 1920 by 693:, performing in his own Greek rendition of Voltaire's 4522:

Amelia Lărgeanu, "Embaticarii moșiei Grozăvești", in

3505:

Călinescu, p. 150; Lăcusteanu & Crutzescu, p. 270

2506:, pp. 12–13. Bucharest: Editura Universitară, 2016. 1047: 524:, allowed Aristia and his troupe to perform works of 496:, under a cross-bearing flag, being massacred by the 476:. The details of this claim are disputed. Researcher 3496: 2670: 2668: 2666: 2664: 2662: 2660: 2658: 2367:

Călinescu, p. 150; Dumitrescu, p. 15; Lărgeanu, p. 8

1809:, expanded upon a lyrical fragment from the work of 901:

and a translation of J. Wilm's book of moral tales.

3930:, "Pietre de Vad. Idei literare macedonskiene", in 2888:, "Prima școală publică de fete din Bucureștĭ", in 2140: 2138: 2136: 2134: 2132: 2130: 2128: 2126: 2124: 1932:("horse-taming"). His inventions also included the 1335:, Aristia wanted to pass the time by reciting from 384:Aristia is generally believed to have been born in 4933:Wallachian people of the Greek War of Independence 3801:Dumitrescu, pp. 15, 16. See also Călinescu, p. 150 3440:Pippidi, pp. 329, 339–340. See also Lărgeanu, p. 8 3168: 3166: 2943:Donatiello, pp. 36, 43. See also Călinescu, p. 267 2468:Bogdan-Duică, p. 90; Papacostea-Danielopolu, p. 75 1584:, the activity fit in with Aristia's talents, as " 2978: 2976: 2655: 2388: 2386: 2384: 2382: 1375:The second part of the journey took Aristia into 1171:. This was followed in 1847 by a similar work on 565:. In mid March 1821, Greeks in Bucharest, led by 4813:19th-century Romanian dramatists and playwrights 4724: 4287:Istoria literaturii române. Întâii poeți munteni 3883:Grina-Mihaela Rafailă, "Strada Francmasonă", in 2991:Călinescu, p. 150; Papacostea-Danielopolu, p. 75 2901:Iorga (1935), pp. 25–27. See also Lărgeanu, p. 7 2859:G. Istrate, "Observații lingvistice pe marginea 2273: 2271: 2269: 2121: 2038: 2036: 2034: 2032: 2030: 1483:. As he explained in an announcement put out by 1235:, instead of being moved into an actual prison. 1227:. Another target of revolutionary vengeance was 307:and Ioan Curie. He contributed to the effort of 4938:Organizers of the Wallachian Revolution of 1848 4480:, Vol. 38, Issue 2, February 1985, pp. 196–206. 3163: 2340:Ghica & Roman, p. 173; Iorga (1921), p. 273 1319:, as well Bolliac, Snagoveanu, Ștefan Golescu, 951:In 1837, Aristia also published his version of 254:. He fought on the Wallachian front during the 4668:Gh. Sibechi, "Biografii pașoptiste (III)", in 3885:București. Materiale de Istorie și Muzeografie 3688:București. Materiale de Istorie și Muzeografie 3387:, "Despre Revoluția dela 1848 în Moldova", in 2973: 2379: 1728:was recovered and partly published by scholar 332:. He also contributed to cultural life in the 242:Upon his return, Aristia took up the cause of 4978:Prisoners and detainees of the Ottoman Empire 4893:Academic staff of the University of Bucharest 4103: 4101: 2624: 2622: 2581: 2579: 2577: 2266: 2027: 1521:. Three volumes, comprising all text between 877:. That year, he also published a textbook on 703:. During his time there, he staged Alfieri's 3186:Contribuții la o biografie a lui N. Bălcescu 1943:as a precious contribution, superior to the 1545:; in this version, it served to familiarize 1469:was followed in 1857 by a first volume from 464:troupe was sponsored by Caradja's daughter, 4693:, Vol. 16, Issue 2, Autumn 2008, pp. 39–63. 4366:, Vol. XXVI, Supplement 2, 2017, pp. 27–44. 4345:, Vols. XLII–XLIII, 2004–2005, pp. 137–154. 4272:. Cluj-Napoca: Editura Napoca Star, 2013. 4064:, Vol. 4, Issues 5–6, May–June 1993, p. 542 3989: 3987: 2549:Dumitrescu, pp. 14, 15; Potra (1963), p. 87 2176:Dicționarul biografic al literaturii române 1784:—alongside Heliade, Rosetti, Alexandrescu, 418:Fii grec și român zdravăn, fii recunoscător 295:regime, Aristia blended Eterist tropes and 4998:Wallachian refugees in the Austrian Empire 4908:Writers from the Principality of Wallachia 4098: 3997:, Vol. III, p. 161. Paris: H. Hubert, 1853 3903:, pp. 170, 174. Bucharest & Chișinău: 3777:Lărgeanu, p. 8. See also Dumitrescu, p. 16 3590: 3588: 3331: 3329: 2748: 2746: 2730: 2728: 2726: 2724: 2643:Dumitrescu, pp. 13–16, 77; Sibechi, p. 390 2619: 2574: 2482: 2480: 2478: 2476: 2474: 2108: 2106: 2104: 2102: 2100: 2098: 1315:, alongside his fellow poet-revolutionary 363:, and on producing another version of the 4818:19th-century Romanian short story writers 4700:, Vol. IV, Issue 7, July 1959, pp. 42–44. 4219:, pp. 255–256. Bucharest & Chișinău: 3768:, Vol. IX, Issue 1, February 1876, p. 444 3582:Birtz, pp. 16–17. See also Conțac, p. 209 2201: 2199: 2197: 2195: 1449:had put an end to Russian interventions, 857:By 1833, Aristia had become a regular in 325:; however, he was derided for eulogizing 250:and flying the "flag of liberty" for the 38:'s portrait of Costache Aristia, ca. 1824 4672:, Vol. XII–XIII, 1981–1982, pp. 387–401. 3984: 3262:Bolintineanu & Roman, pp. VII, 21–22 2865:Anuar de Lingvistică și Istorie Literară 2066: 2064: 2062: 2060: 2058: 2056: 2054: 2052: 2050: 2048: 1822:modernization of the Romanian vernacular 1669:Medal, First class, at the same time as 1500: 792:Emblem of the Philharmonic Society, 1835 787: 483: 4923:Members of the Romanian Orthodox Church 4758:Romanian theatre managers and producers 4185:, Vol. XIII, Issue 3, 1964, pp. 259–260 3722:, "Arta versificației la Eminescu", in 3612:Bogdan-Duică, p. 306; Călinescu, p. 150 3585: 3326: 3151:Lăcusteanu & Crutzescu, pp. 160–161 2743: 2721: 2471: 2170: 2095: 1619:. That same year, Bolliac's newspaper, 1486:Foaia pentru Minte, Anima si Literatura 1105:as favored by the foreign courtiers of 1044:ended their lease on his theater hall. 783: 4878:Translators of the Bible into Romanian 4725: 3081:Papazoglu & Speteanu, pp. 174, 176 2192: 2168: 2166: 2164: 2162: 2160: 2158: 2156: 2154: 2152: 2150: 1856:Literary historian N. Roman dismisses 1780:lists him as one of Wallachia's first 883:Prescurtare de grammatică françozească 4686:. Bucharest: Monitorul Oficial, 1943. 4596:"Santa Cetate" între utopie și poezie 3657:Institutul de Arte Grafice Carol Göbl 3639:Birtz, pp. 16–17; Conțac, pp. 209–210 3124:Papazoglu & Speteanu, pp. 176–177 2692:Bogdan-Duică, pp. 117–118, 127; Dima 2254:Berzuc, p. 100; Puchner (2006), p. 93 2045: 1279:Imprisonment, deportation, and return 826:employed Aristia to teach French and 504:The Aristias rallied to the cause of 205:; 1800 – 18 April 1880) was a 176: 4963:19th-century Romanian civil servants 4567:(contributor: Viorel Gh. Speteanu), 4561:, Vol. IX, Issue 1, 1971, pp. 71–90. 4559:Revue des Études Sud-est Européennes 4116:Editura Librăriei Socecŭ & Comp. 4095:, Vol. 2, Issue 4, April 1906, p. 55 3235:, Vol. 31, Issue 5, May 1978, p. 847 1479:, including a biographical essay by 1063:Print showing the public burning of 581:, alongside a cross and the slogan " 4691:Études Helléniques/Hellenic Studies 4331:. Bucharest: Editura Minerva, 1986. 3298:Bolintineanu & Roman, pp. 26–28 3036:Berzuc, p. 97; Sibechi, pp. 388–389 2147: 1880:. An unknown Russian chronicler in 1588:he was good at" (Iorga's italics). 1496: 981:also penned a fragmentary version. 869:, as well as the future playwright 258:, and was probably present for the 13: 5048:Romanian writers with disabilities 4705:Garda civică din România 1848—1884 4526:, Vol. VI, Issue 8, 2003, pp. 7–8. 4373:. Focșani: Editura Pallas, 2014. 3816:Nicolae Iorga Institute of History 3323:Lăcusteanu & Crutzescu, p. 270 2083:Stamatopoulou-Vasilakou, pp. 47–48 1048:Athens sojourn and 1848 Revolution 1021:, and various assets worth 35,000 601:alongside the Bucharest garrison. 14: 5064: 5053:Burials at Sfânta Vineri Cemetery 5018:Expatriates in the Ottoman Empire 4823:Romanian male short story writers 4743:19th-century Romanian male actors 4652:. Cambridge & New York City: 4321:, Vol. V, 1927–1928, pp. 562–570. 3954:Papacostea-Danielopolu, pp. 74–75 3343:"Din nou despre duelul la români" 3221:, p. 334. See also Lărgeanu, p. 8 2074:, Vol. III, Issue 4, 1958, p. 174 1515:British and Foreign Bible Society 842:, who debuted in 1835 as Curie's 822:. From November 1832, headmaster 369:British and Foreign Bible Society 4973:Romanian prisoners and detainees 4206: 4197: 4188: 4175: 4166: 4157: 4148: 4139: 4130: 4121: 4080: 4067: 4054: 4045: 4036: 4027: 4018: 4009: 4000: 3975: 3966: 3957: 3948: 3939: 3917: 3890: 3877: 3868: 3859: 3850: 3830: 3821: 3804: 3795: 3786:"Ce e nou? 'Bene Merenti!'", in 3780: 3771: 3753: 3744: 3731: 3713: 3693: 3680: 3671: 3662: 3642: 3633: 3624: 3615: 3606: 3576: 3567: 3558: 3533: 3524: 3508: 3469: 3452: 3443: 3434: 3421: 3412: 3403: 3394: 3378: 3363: 3354: 3301: 3292: 3283: 3274: 3265: 3256: 3247: 3238: 3072:Papazoglu & Speteanu, p. 321 2432:, p. 276; Puchner (2017), p. 271 2218:, Vol. VII, Issue 13, 1999, p. 4 1743: 1633:, which favored the shedding of 1394:tributaries of the Sublime Porte 1156:; he later settled in Moldavia. 1074: 1056: 488:German print of 1821, depicting 355:, and remained a citizen of the 221:. He first appeared on stage at 155: 49:(Konstantinos Kyriakos Aristias) 29: 4918:Members of the Church of Greece 4504:(contributor: Radu Crutzescu), 3936:, Vol. VI, Issue 4, 1975, p. 34 3224: 3211: 3202: 3175: 3154: 3145: 3136: 3127: 3118: 3109: 3093: 3084: 3075: 3066: 3057: 3048: 3039: 3030: 3021: 2994: 2985: 2964: 2955: 2946: 2937: 2928: 2904: 2895: 2879: 2870: 2853: 2844: 2835: 2822: 2813: 2804: 2795: 2782: 2773: 2708: 2699: 2686: 2677: 2646: 2637: 2610: 2597: 2588: 2565: 2552: 2543: 2534: 2525: 2516: 2496: 2462: 2453: 2444: 2435: 2422: 2419:Ghica & Roman, pp. 255, 348 2413: 2404: 2395: 2370: 2361: 2352: 2343: 2334: 2325: 2316: 2307: 2298: 2289: 2280: 2257: 2248: 2245:Papazoglu & Speteanu, p. 53 2239: 2230: 2221: 616:. He eventually settled in the 5008:Romanian expatriates in Greece 5003:Romanian expatriates in France 3865:Birtz, pp. 17, 23, 25, 84, 101 3244:Héliade Radulesco, pp. 340–341 3133:Héliade Radulesco, pp. 116–117 2616:Stamatopoulou-Vasilakou, p. 48 2208: 2086: 2077: 746:Russo-Turkish War of 1828–1829 632:, and was later killed at the 597:, who deserted to Ypsilantis' 563:parallel uprising of Romanians 195:Konstantinos Kyriakos Aristias 191:Κωνσταντίνος Κυριάκος Αριστίας 1: 5013:Romanian expatriates in Italy 4983:Romanian people taken hostage 4793:Modern Greek-language writers 4534:Argumente de istorie literară 4389:, Issues 1–3/2007, pp. 50–53. 4236: 2770:Papacostea-Danielopolu, p. 75 2522:Papacostea-Danielopolu, p. 72 2493:, Issue 105/1870, pp. 418–419 1720:lost, as were most copies of 1687:1877–1878 War of Independence 1654:, as provided by its member, 1511:Romanian Cyrillic orthography 871:Dimitrie C. Ollănescu-Ascanio 472:, for Aristia to study under 341:Wallachian Revolution of 1848 106: 75:18 April 1880 (aged 79 or 80) 4988:People deported from Romania 4928:Members of the Filiki Eteria 4873:Italian–Romanian translators 4646:, Vol. 29, 2006, pp. 75–134. 4588:, Issue 2/2008, pp. 328–362. 4455:Librăriile Cartea Românească 4338:, Issue 2/2011, pp. 159–245. 4221:Editura Litera International 3905:Editura Litera International 3843:, pp. 21–22, 29. Bucharest: 3521:, Vol. XXII, 2010, pp. 52–55 3389:Memoriile Secțiunii Istorice 2358:Puchner (2017), pp. 283, 289 1445:(Regent) in 1856, after the 1247:(which included Bucharest). 895:Nouvelle Grammaire Française 374: 339:Aristia participated in the 183:Constantin Chiriacos Aristia 47:Constantin Chiriacos Aristia 7: 4803:19th-century Romanian poets 4265:, Vol. 1, 2007, pp. 95–102. 3486:: Vălenii de Munte, 1910. 3375:, November 1973, pp. 53, 71 2634:, Issues 10–11/2018, p. 151 2304:Puchner (2017), pp. 285–286 2178:, Vol. I, p. 421. Pitești: 1529:, was published in 1859 as 891:François-Joseph-Michel Noël 408:, represented primarily by 178:[kosˈtakearisˈti.a] 10: 5069: 4898:Male actors from Bucharest 4863:Greek–Romanian translators 4843:Romanian newspaper editors 4838:Romanian magazine founders 4798:Romanian writers in French 4768:Romanian costume designers 4753:Romanian theatre directors 4748:Romanian male stage actors 4654:Cambridge University Press 4409:(contributor: Ion Roman), 4306:(contributor: Ion Roman), 4258:, Issue 18/2016, pp. 8–18. 3887:, Vol. XXIII, 2009, p. 131 3845:Lito-tipografia Carol Göbl 3725:Revista Fundațiilor Regale 3391:, Vol. XX, 1938, pp. 52–53 2867:, Vol. XXIII, 1972, p. 158 2008:Wallachian Orthodox Church 1850:Romanian Cyrillic alphabet 1800:, this poem called on the 1422:National Theater Bucharest 1251:, directed by the radical 1130:Harmodius and Aristogeiton 930:Misanthropy and Repentance 885:. It was closely based on 299:. He became a follower of 231:, and became a protege of 4868:Italian–Greek translators 4833:Romanian magazine editors 4773:Romanian textbook writers 4457:& Pavel Suru, 1921. 4415:Editura pentru literatură 4136:Bogdan-Duică, pp. 306–307 4042:Ghica & Roman, p. 528 4015:Bogdan-Duică, pp. 117–118 3708:Editura pentru literatură 3603:, December 14, 1932, p. 1 2961:Potra (1963), pp. 150–151 2890:Literatură și Artă Română 2819:Potra (1990), pp. 527–528 2810:Donatiello, pp. 35–37, 43 2792:, Vol. I, 1942, pp. 94–95 2410:Ghica & Roman, p. 348 2349:Iorga (1921), pp. 75, 362 2322:Ghica & Roman, p. 493 1820:Aristia wrote during the 1807:Αρμόδιος και Ἀριστογείτων 1578:Constantine Mavrocordatos 1402:Alexandru Golescu-Arăpilă 1370:Hungarian revolutionaries 1126:Αρμόδιος και Ἀριστογείτων 256:Greek War of Independence 190: 154: 149: 135: 113: 102: 92: 84: 71: 43: 28: 21: 5023:Romanian philanthropists 4913:Eastern Orthodox writers 4858:French–Greek translators 4848:19th-century translators 4548:Caragiale. Omul și opera 3188:, pp. 77–78. Bucharest: 2828:Călinescu, p. 267; Dima 2021: 1908:The first drafts of the 1893:, in an 1844 review for 1580:. As noted by historian 1558:Gheorghe Lazăr Gymnasium 1233:Constantin A. Crețulescu 1169:recent princely election 796:Aristia's conversion to 610:final stand at Drăgășani 585:"; the obverse showed a 544:Iakovakis Rizos Neroulos 379: 309:modernizing the language 4888:Romanian schoolteachers 4524:Biblioteca Bucureștilor 4487:. Leiden & Boston: 3901:Scriitori români de azi 3810:Gheorghe G. Bezviconi, 3792:, Issue 21/1876, p. 251 3741:, Issue 60/1868, p. 236 3690:, Vol. IV, 1966, p. 162 3464:Muzeul Țării Crișurilor 3462:, pp. 235–236. Oradea: 2892:, Vol. IV, 1899, p. 545 2740:, Issue 11/1907, p. 233 2118:, 13 January 1914, p. 1 1752:. Speaking out against 1594:University of Bucharest 881:, reprinted in 1839 as 802:Jean Alexandre Vaillant 668:, having discarded all 630:First Hellenic Republic 516:'s secret society, the 512:. Young Aristia joined 402:Danubian Principalities 361:University of Bucharest 219:Danubian Principalities 201:: Коⲛстантiⲛꙋ Aрiстia, 174:Romanian pronunciation: 79:Principality of Romania 4903:Writers from Bucharest 4680:Ion Ionescu de la Brad 4622:Din Bucureștii de ieri 4154:Călinescu, pp. 149–150 4033:Donatiello, pp. 37, 43 3972:Călinescu, pp. 127–172 3874:Donatiello, pp. 35, 43 3677:Călinescu, pp. 150–151 3100:Constantin D. Aricescu 2459:Puchner (2017), p. 283 2441:Puchner (2017), p. 271 2376:Donatiello, pp. 28, 34 2313:Puchner (2017), p. 286 2286:Puchner (2017), p. 293 2236:Puchner (2017), p. 285 1928:("quick-footed"), and 1870:Marcus Furius Camillus 1714:State Railways Company 1609:Tratado de Declamación 1506: 1418:Barbu Dimitrie Știrbei 1381:Ion Ionescu de la Brad 1325:Alexandru Golescu-Albu 1309:Constantin Cantacuzino 887:Charles Pierre Chapsal 793: 662:modern Western fashion 571:Constantin D. Aricescu 510:Greek uprising of 1821 501: 353:Barbu Dimitrie Știrbei 5028:Romanian blind people 4953:Prefects of Bucharest 4943:Romanian nationalists 4310:, Vol. I. Bucharest: 4304:Dimitrie Bolintineanu 4283:Gheorghe Bogdan-Duică 4203:Birtz, pp. 17, 41, 44 3945:Puchner (2006), p. 88 3706:, p. 115. Bucharest: 3621:Dumitrescu, pp. 15–16 3573:Birtz, pp. 16, 25, 84 3515:Adrian-Silvan Ionescu 3007:, p. 117. Bucharest: 2914:, p. 124. Bucharest: 2841:Dumitrescu, pp. 77–78 2531:Donatiello, pp. 31–32 1986:Gheorghe Bogdan-Duică 1916:("fast-running") and 1796:style." Dedicated to 1601:Constantin Dimitriade 1554:United Principalities 1504: 1377:Austrian Transylvania 1352:diplomats, including 1317:Dimitrie Bolintineanu 1200:Wallachian Revolution 1154:French Foreign Legion 1083:Ion Heliade Rădulescu 965:". Wallachia's ruler 791: 677:Ion Heliade Rădulescu 575:Constantine the Great 487: 474:François-Joseph Talma 357:United Principalities 301:Ion Heliade Rădulescu 237:François-Joseph Talma 199:transitional Cyrillic 4958:Serdari of Wallachia 4948:Romanian monarchists 4853:Romanian translators 4783:Neoclassical writers 4428:J. Héliade Radulesco 4364:Transylvanian Review 4268:Mircea Remus Birtz, 4247:. Vălenii-de-Munte: 4217:Profesie de credință 4163:Bogdan-Duică, p. 306 3928:Alexandru Macedonski 3814:, p. 55. Bucharest: 3655:, p. 61. Bucharest: 3551:, p. 30. Bucharest: 3543:, Nestor Camariano, 2952:Bogdan-Duică, p. 134 2850:Bogdan-Duică, p. 133 2801:Bănescu, pp. 102–103 2754:Eminescu și Bucovina 2652:Potra (1990), p. 527 1982:Johann Heinrich Voss 1924:("helmet-shining"), 1826:Latin-based alphabet 1774:Age of Enlightenment 1758:Alexandru Macedonski 1671:Grigore Alexandrescu 1621:Trompetta Carpaților 1390:Frankfurt Parliament 1261:Regulamentul Organic 1185:Romanian Freemasonry 1066:Regulamentul Organic 832:Ion Emanuel Florescu 798:Romanian nationalism 784:Philharmonic Society 751:Regulamentul Organic 634:Siege of Missolonghi 514:Alexander Ypsilantis 345:Regulamentul Organic 297:Romanian nationalism 292:Regulamentul Organic 4883:Romanian librarians 4828:Romanian columnists 4808:Romanian male poets 4616:Editura științifică 4213:Mihail Kogălniceanu 4194:Felecan, pp. 51, 53 4114:, p. 5. Bucharest: 3812:Necropola Capitalei 3765:Convorbiri Literare 3704:Eminescu și teatrul 3668:Iorga (1935), p. 27 3597:, "Codobatura", in 3208:Isar (1985), p. 200 3190:Convorbiri Literare 3182:Petre P. Panaitescu 3027:Isar (1985), p. 198 2912:Despre improvizație 2180:Editura Paralela 45 2016:Mihail Kogălniceanu 1834:Constantin Negruzzi 1750:Romanian literature 1706:Gropile lui Aristia 1640:Convorbiri Literare 1533:. In parallel, his 1407:monts et merveilles 1329:Grigore Grădișteanu 1289:Cotroceni Monastery 1249:Învățătorul Satului 1138:Învățătorul Satului 1111:Theodoros Orfanidis 998:Mihail Kogălniceanu 926:August von Kotzebue 508:shortly before the 260:defeat at Drăgășani 203:Constantinŭ Aristia 4778:Language reformers 4670:Cercetări Istorice 4565:Dimitrie Papazoglu 4502:Grigore Lăcusteanu 4478:Revista de Istorie 4369:Horia Dumitrescu, 4351:and contributors, 4087:Garabet Ibrăileanu 3993:Alexandre Timoni, 3720:Dumitru Caracostea 3564:David, pp. 143–144 3280:Jianu, pp. 100–101 3233:Revista de Istorie 2886:Constantin Istrati 2072:Revista de Folclor 1971:Aristia's revised 1866:Lycurgus of Sparta 1738:Un om între oameni 1543:Eudoxiu Hurmuzachi 1507: 1505:Aristia in old age 1451:Alexandru II Ghica 1301:Iosafat Snagoveanu 1229:Grigore Lăcusteanu 1204:Scarlat Crețulescu 967:Alexandru II Ghica 840:Costache Caragiale 794: 772:, the latter with 738:Saint Sava College 643:—whose patriarch, 567:Giorgakis Olympios 559:Tudor Vladimirescu 522:Alexandros Soutzos 502: 450:Dimitrie Papazoglu 436:Ion Luca Caragiale 305:Costache Caragiale 284:Saint Sava College 4644:Τετράδια Εργασίας 4586:Revista Arhivelor 4518:978-973-46-4083-6 4497:978-90-04-18779-5 4401:Monitorul Oficial 4379:978-973-7815-63-7 4357:Editura Academiei 4278:978-606-690-054-6 4024:Călinescu, p. 207 3963:Donatiello, p. 27 3856:Lărgeanu, pp. 7–8 3827:Călinescu, p. 151 3630:Tornea, pp. 42–43 3553:Editura Academiei 3400:Fotino, pp. 36–37 3005:Articole politice 2924:978-606-8757-42-1 2861:Alăutei Românești 2705:Donatiello, p. 35 2683:Dumitrescu, p. 13 2674:Călinescu, p. 149 2512:978-606-28-0443-5 2450:Donatiello, p. 31 2205:Dumitrescu, p. 15 2144:Călinescu, p. 150 1891:Vasile Alecsandri 1878:Michael the Brave 1846:Romance languages 1815:Georgios Leventis 1798:Adamantios Korais 1790:Grigore Pleșoianu 1656:Ioan D. Caragiani 1574:National Archives 1539:Duchy of Bukovina 1285:Mehmed Fuad Pasha 1267:(the register of 1099:Kingdom of Greece 1069:in September 1848 1002:Alăuta Românească 867:Eufrosina Popescu 757:Curierul Românesc 717:Pietro Metastasio 526:political theater 506:Greek nationalism 470:Kingdom of France 392:, capital of the 334:Kingdom of Greece 244:Greek nationalism 163: 162: 136:Literary movement 5060: 4709:Editura Militară 4592:Dumitru Popovici 4489:Brill Publishers 4469:Revista Istorică 4336:Studii Teologice 4325:George Călinescu 4231: 4210: 4204: 4201: 4195: 4192: 4186: 4179: 4173: 4170: 4164: 4161: 4155: 4152: 4146: 4143: 4137: 4134: 4128: 4127:Bârlea, pp. 9–10 4125: 4119: 4105: 4096: 4092:Viața Romînească 4084: 4078: 4071: 4065: 4062:Revista Istorică 4058: 4052: 4049: 4043: 4040: 4034: 4031: 4025: 4022: 4016: 4013: 4007: 4004: 3998: 3991: 3982: 3979: 3973: 3970: 3964: 3961: 3955: 3952: 3946: 3943: 3937: 3921: 3915: 3894: 3888: 3881: 3875: 3872: 3866: 3863: 3857: 3854: 3848: 3834: 3828: 3825: 3819: 3808: 3802: 3799: 3793: 3784: 3778: 3775: 3769: 3760:Ștefan Vârgolici 3757: 3751: 3748: 3742: 3735: 3729: 3717: 3711: 3697: 3691: 3684: 3678: 3675: 3669: 3666: 3660: 3646: 3640: 3637: 3631: 3628: 3622: 3619: 3613: 3610: 3604: 3592: 3583: 3580: 3574: 3571: 3565: 3562: 3556: 3537: 3531: 3528: 3522: 3512: 3506: 3503: 3494: 3473: 3467: 3456: 3450: 3447: 3441: 3438: 3432: 3425: 3419: 3416: 3410: 3407: 3401: 3398: 3392: 3382: 3376: 3367: 3361: 3358: 3352: 3348:România Literară 3337: 3333: 3324: 3321: 3312: 3305: 3299: 3296: 3290: 3287: 3281: 3278: 3272: 3269: 3263: 3260: 3254: 3251: 3245: 3242: 3236: 3228: 3222: 3215: 3209: 3206: 3200: 3179: 3173: 3170: 3161: 3158: 3152: 3149: 3143: 3140: 3134: 3131: 3125: 3122: 3116: 3115:Totu, pp. 22, 30 3113: 3107: 3097: 3091: 3090:Totu, pp. 20, 29 3088: 3082: 3079: 3073: 3070: 3064: 3061: 3055: 3052: 3046: 3043: 3037: 3034: 3028: 3025: 3019: 2998: 2992: 2989: 2983: 2980: 2971: 2968: 2962: 2959: 2953: 2950: 2944: 2941: 2935: 2932: 2926: 2908: 2902: 2899: 2893: 2883: 2877: 2874: 2868: 2857: 2851: 2848: 2842: 2839: 2833: 2826: 2820: 2817: 2811: 2808: 2802: 2799: 2793: 2786: 2780: 2777: 2771: 2768: 2757: 2750: 2741: 2732: 2719: 2712: 2706: 2703: 2697: 2690: 2684: 2681: 2675: 2672: 2653: 2650: 2644: 2641: 2635: 2626: 2617: 2614: 2608: 2601: 2595: 2592: 2586: 2583: 2572: 2569: 2563: 2556: 2550: 2547: 2541: 2538: 2532: 2529: 2523: 2520: 2514: 2500: 2494: 2484: 2469: 2466: 2460: 2457: 2451: 2448: 2442: 2439: 2433: 2426: 2420: 2417: 2411: 2408: 2402: 2399: 2393: 2390: 2377: 2374: 2368: 2365: 2359: 2356: 2350: 2347: 2341: 2338: 2332: 2329: 2323: 2320: 2314: 2311: 2305: 2302: 2296: 2293: 2287: 2284: 2278: 2275: 2264: 2261: 2255: 2252: 2246: 2243: 2237: 2234: 2228: 2225: 2219: 2212: 2206: 2203: 2190: 2172: 2145: 2142: 2119: 2110: 2093: 2090: 2084: 2081: 2075: 2068: 2043: 2040: 1778:George Călinescu 1770:Romanian theater 1683:Podul Mogoșoaiei 1648:Ștefan Vârgolici 1497:Final activities 1481:Dominique Ricard 1467:Săteanul creștin 1433:Săteanul creștin 1273:Colonel Voinescu 1269:titles and ranks 1257:Despre libertate 1253:Nicolae Bălcescu 1189:Dumitru Popovici 1173:Marițica Bibescu 1167:, winner of the 1165:Gheorghe Bibescu 1146:Mircea the Elder 1142:Datoriile omului 1078: 1060: 979:Iordache Golescu 875:Gazeta Teatrului 824:Petrache Poenaru 819:Siege of Corinth 670:Ottoman clothing 664:, including the 645:Grigore IV Ghica 626:Earl of Guilford 583:In this, conquer 552:Vittorio Alfieri 530:La Mort de César 330:Gheorghe Bibescu 313:Vittorio Alfieri 272:Romanian theater 264:Earl of Guilford 192: 180: 175: 159: 108: 33: 23:Costache Aristia 19: 18: 5068: 5067: 5063: 5062: 5061: 5059: 5058: 5057: 5033:Blind educators 4993:Romanian exiles 4723: 4722: 4721: 4676:Victor Slăvescu 4552:Socec & Co. 4538:Editura Junimea 4312:Editura Minerva 4291:Cluj University 4249:Neamul Românesc 4239: 4234: 4211: 4207: 4202: 4198: 4193: 4189: 4180: 4176: 4171: 4167: 4162: 4158: 4153: 4149: 4145:Bănescu, p. 103 4144: 4140: 4135: 4131: 4126: 4122: 4106: 4099: 4085: 4081: 4072: 4068: 4059: 4055: 4050: 4046: 4041: 4037: 4032: 4028: 4023: 4019: 4014: 4010: 4005: 4001: 3992: 3985: 3980: 3976: 3971: 3967: 3962: 3958: 3953: 3949: 3944: 3940: 3922: 3918: 3895: 3891: 3882: 3878: 3873: 3869: 3864: 3860: 3855: 3851: 3835: 3831: 3826: 3822: 3809: 3805: 3800: 3796: 3785: 3781: 3776: 3772: 3758: 3754: 3749: 3745: 3737:"Romani'a", in 3736: 3732: 3718: 3714: 3698: 3694: 3685: 3681: 3676: 3672: 3667: 3663: 3647: 3643: 3638: 3634: 3629: 3625: 3620: 3616: 3611: 3607: 3595:Barbu Lăzăreanu 3593: 3586: 3581: 3577: 3572: 3568: 3563: 3559: 3545:Ovidiu Papadima 3538: 3534: 3529: 3525: 3519:Muzeul Național 3513: 3509: 3504: 3497: 3484:Neamul Românesc 3474: 3470: 3457: 3453: 3449:Pippidi, p. 344 3448: 3444: 3439: 3435: 3426: 3422: 3417: 3413: 3408: 3404: 3399: 3395: 3383: 3379: 3372:Magazin Istoric 3368: 3364: 3360:Pippidi, p. 399 3359: 3355: 3351:, Issue 37/2005 3339:Andrei Oișteanu 3335: 3334: 3327: 3322: 3315: 3306: 3302: 3297: 3293: 3288: 3284: 3279: 3275: 3270: 3266: 3261: 3257: 3253:Popovici, p. 57 3252: 3248: 3243: 3239: 3229: 3225: 3216: 3212: 3207: 3203: 3180: 3176: 3172:Pippidi, p. 339 3171: 3164: 3159: 3155: 3150: 3146: 3141: 3137: 3132: 3128: 3123: 3119: 3114: 3110: 3098: 3094: 3089: 3085: 3080: 3076: 3071: 3067: 3063:Popovici, p. 45 3062: 3058: 3053: 3049: 3044: 3040: 3035: 3031: 3026: 3022: 3009:Editura Minerva 2999: 2995: 2990: 2986: 2981: 2974: 2969: 2965: 2960: 2956: 2951: 2947: 2942: 2938: 2934:Sibechi, p. 387 2933: 2929: 2909: 2905: 2900: 2896: 2884: 2880: 2875: 2871: 2858: 2854: 2849: 2845: 2840: 2836: 2827: 2823: 2818: 2814: 2809: 2805: 2800: 2796: 2790:Studii Literare 2787: 2783: 2778: 2774: 2769: 2760: 2751: 2744: 2733: 2722: 2713: 2709: 2704: 2700: 2691: 2687: 2682: 2678: 2673: 2656: 2651: 2647: 2642: 2638: 2627: 2620: 2615: 2611: 2602: 2598: 2593: 2589: 2585:Sibechi, p. 390 2584: 2575: 2570: 2566: 2557: 2553: 2548: 2544: 2539: 2535: 2530: 2526: 2521: 2517: 2501: 2497: 2485: 2472: 2467: 2463: 2458: 2454: 2449: 2445: 2440: 2436: 2427: 2423: 2418: 2414: 2409: 2405: 2400: 2396: 2391: 2380: 2375: 2371: 2366: 2362: 2357: 2353: 2348: 2344: 2339: 2335: 2330: 2326: 2321: 2317: 2312: 2308: 2303: 2299: 2294: 2290: 2285: 2281: 2276: 2267: 2262: 2258: 2253: 2249: 2244: 2240: 2235: 2231: 2226: 2222: 2213: 2209: 2204: 2193: 2173: 2148: 2143: 2122: 2111: 2096: 2091: 2087: 2082: 2078: 2069: 2046: 2041: 2028: 2024: 1978:Nikolay Gnedich 1945:Slavic-sounding 1746: 1736:'s 1953 novel, 1702:Gropile Aristia 1537:had reached he 1499: 1491:Ioan Câmpineanu 1459:Barbu Iscovescu 1354:Effingham Grant 1321:Nicolae Golescu 1293:Ion C. Brătianu 1281: 1175:, published as 1090: 1089: 1088: 1087: 1086: 1079: 1071: 1070: 1061: 1050: 1042:Ieronimo Momolo 946:Forced Marriage 859:liberal circles 786: 614:Austrian Empire 382: 377: 173: 170:Kostake Aristia 97: 76: 52: 50: 48: 39: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5066: 5056: 5055: 5050: 5045: 5040: 5035: 5030: 5025: 5020: 5015: 5010: 5005: 5000: 4995: 4990: 4985: 4980: 4975: 4970: 4965: 4960: 4955: 4950: 4945: 4940: 4935: 4930: 4925: 4920: 4915: 4910: 4905: 4900: 4895: 4890: 4885: 4880: 4875: 4870: 4865: 4860: 4855: 4850: 4845: 4840: 4835: 4830: 4825: 4820: 4815: 4810: 4805: 4800: 4795: 4790: 4788:Romantic poets 4785: 4780: 4775: 4770: 4765: 4763:Drama teachers 4760: 4755: 4750: 4745: 4740: 4735: 4720: 4719: 4701: 4694: 4687: 4673: 4666: 4665: 4664: 4647: 4637:Walter Puchner 4634: 4633: 4632: 4619: 4608:George Potra, 4606: 4589: 4582:Andrei Pippidi 4579: 4562: 4555: 4541: 4527: 4520: 4499: 4483:Angela Jianu, 4481: 4474: 4473: 4472: 4465: 4442: 4425: 4404: 4390: 4381: 4367: 4360: 4349:Alexandru Dima 4346: 4339: 4332: 4322: 4315: 4301: 4280: 4266: 4259: 4252: 4240: 4238: 4235: 4233: 4232: 4205: 4196: 4187: 4174: 4165: 4156: 4147: 4138: 4129: 4120: 4108:Lazăr Șăineanu 4097: 4079: 4077:, pp. 417, 483 4066: 4053: 4044: 4035: 4026: 4017: 4008: 3999: 3983: 3974: 3965: 3956: 3947: 3938: 3916: 3889: 3876: 3867: 3858: 3849: 3829: 3820: 3803: 3794: 3779: 3770: 3752: 3750:Mănucă, p. 186 3743: 3730: 3712: 3692: 3679: 3670: 3661: 3641: 3632: 3623: 3614: 3605: 3584: 3575: 3566: 3557: 3532: 3530:Felecan, p. 53 3523: 3507: 3495: 3468: 3451: 3442: 3433: 3420: 3411: 3402: 3393: 3377: 3362: 3353: 3325: 3313: 3300: 3291: 3282: 3273: 3264: 3255: 3246: 3237: 3223: 3210: 3201: 3174: 3162: 3153: 3144: 3135: 3126: 3117: 3108: 3092: 3083: 3074: 3065: 3056: 3047: 3038: 3029: 3020: 3001:Mihai Eminescu 2993: 2984: 2982:Bologa, p. 568 2972: 2963: 2954: 2945: 2936: 2927: 2910:Marius Gîlea, 2903: 2894: 2878: 2869: 2852: 2843: 2834: 2821: 2812: 2803: 2794: 2781: 2772: 2758: 2742: 2720: 2707: 2698: 2685: 2676: 2654: 2645: 2636: 2618: 2609: 2596: 2587: 2573: 2571:Minar, pp. 6–7 2564: 2562:, pp. 527, 593 2551: 2542: 2533: 2524: 2515: 2502:Nicolae Isar, 2495: 2470: 2461: 2452: 2443: 2434: 2421: 2412: 2403: 2394: 2392:Lărgeanu, p. 8 2378: 2369: 2360: 2351: 2342: 2333: 2324: 2315: 2306: 2297: 2288: 2279: 2265: 2256: 2247: 2238: 2229: 2220: 2207: 2191: 2146: 2120: 2094: 2085: 2076: 2044: 2042:Lărgeanu, p. 7 2025: 2023: 2020: 1956:Lazăr Șăineanu 1838:Romanian lexis 1811:Andreas Kalvos 1786:Vasile Cârlova 1782:Romantic poets 1762:Walter Puchner 1756:in 1902, poet 1745: 1742: 1734:Camil Petrescu 1605:Joaquín Bastús 1570:Mihail Pascaly 1547:Mihai Eminescu 1541:, acquired by 1519:Masoretic Text 1498: 1495: 1476:Parallel Lives 1455:Carol Valștain 1350:United Kingdom 1305:Dimitrie Ghica 1297:Ștefan Golescu 1280: 1277: 1119:Vincenzo Monti 1095:Ioan Maiorescu 1080: 1073: 1072: 1062: 1055: 1054: 1053: 1052: 1051: 1049: 1046: 989:Russian Empire 975:Alecu Beldiman 934:Barbu Catargiu 932:. It prompted 910:Comodia vremii 879:French grammar 852:Pavel Kiselyov 848:boyar nobility 785: 782: 701:Ionian Academy 595:Sava Fochianos 490:Sava Fochianos 446:Walter Puchner 441:Cișmeaua Roșie 394:Ottoman Empire 381: 378: 376: 373: 349:Ottoman Empire 246:, joining the 224:Cișmeaua Roșie 161: 160: 152: 151: 147: 146: 137: 133: 132: 115: 111: 110: 104: 100: 99: 94: 90: 89: 86: 82: 81: 73: 69: 68: 66:Ottoman Empire 45: 41: 40: 34: 26: 25: 22: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5065: 5054: 5051: 5049: 5046: 5044: 5041: 5039: 5038:Blind writers 5036: 5034: 5031: 5029: 5026: 5024: 5021: 5019: 5016: 5014: 5011: 5009: 5006: 5004: 5001: 4999: 4996: 4994: 4991: 4989: 4986: 4984: 4981: 4979: 4976: 4974: 4971: 4969: 4966: 4964: 4961: 4959: 4956: 4954: 4951: 4949: 4946: 4944: 4941: 4939: 4936: 4934: 4931: 4929: 4926: 4924: 4921: 4919: 4916: 4914: 4911: 4909: 4906: 4904: 4901: 4899: 4896: 4894: 4891: 4889: 4886: 4884: 4881: 4879: 4876: 4874: 4871: 4869: 4866: 4864: 4861: 4859: 4856: 4854: 4851: 4849: 4846: 4844: 4841: 4839: 4836: 4834: 4831: 4829: 4826: 4824: 4821: 4819: 4816: 4814: 4811: 4809: 4806: 4804: 4801: 4799: 4796: 4794: 4791: 4789: 4786: 4784: 4781: 4779: 4776: 4774: 4771: 4769: 4766: 4764: 4761: 4759: 4756: 4754: 4751: 4749: 4746: 4744: 4741: 4739: 4736: 4734: 4731: 4730: 4728: 4718: 4714: 4710: 4707:. Bucharest: 4706: 4702: 4699: 4695: 4692: 4688: 4685: 4681: 4678:, Ion Ghica, 4677: 4674: 4671: 4667: 4663: 4662:9781107445024 4659: 4655: 4651: 4648: 4645: 4641: 4640: 4638: 4635: 4631: 4630:973-29-0018-0 4627: 4623: 4620: 4617: 4614:. Bucharest: 4613: 4610: 4609: 4607: 4605: 4601: 4597: 4593: 4590: 4587: 4583: 4580: 4578: 4577:973-97633-5-9 4574: 4570: 4566: 4563: 4560: 4556: 4553: 4550:. Bucharest: 4549: 4545: 4542: 4539: 4535: 4531: 4528: 4525: 4521: 4519: 4515: 4511: 4507: 4503: 4500: 4498: 4494: 4490: 4486: 4482: 4479: 4475: 4470: 4466: 4464: 4460: 4456: 4453:. Bucharest: 4452: 4449: 4448: 4446: 4445:Nicolae Iorga 4443: 4441: 4437: 4433: 4429: 4426: 4424: 4420: 4416: 4413:. Bucharest: 4412: 4408: 4405: 4402: 4399:. Bucharest: 4398: 4394: 4393:George Fotino 4391: 4388: 4387: 4382: 4380: 4376: 4372: 4368: 4365: 4361: 4358: 4355:. Bucharest: 4354: 4350: 4347: 4344: 4340: 4337: 4333: 4330: 4326: 4323: 4320: 4316: 4313: 4309: 4305: 4302: 4300: 4296: 4292: 4288: 4284: 4281: 4279: 4275: 4271: 4267: 4264: 4260: 4257: 4253: 4250: 4246: 4242: 4241: 4230: 4229:973-7916-30-1 4226: 4222: 4218: 4214: 4209: 4200: 4191: 4184: 4178: 4172:Bârlea, p. 10 4169: 4160: 4151: 4142: 4133: 4124: 4117: 4113: 4109: 4104: 4102: 4094: 4093: 4088: 4083: 4076: 4070: 4063: 4057: 4048: 4039: 4030: 4021: 4012: 4006:David, p. 144 4003: 3996: 3990: 3988: 3981:Tornea, p. 42 3978: 3969: 3960: 3951: 3942: 3935: 3934: 3929: 3925: 3924:Adrian Marino 3920: 3914: 3913:973-9355-01-3 3910: 3906: 3902: 3898: 3893: 3886: 3880: 3871: 3862: 3853: 3846: 3842: 3838: 3833: 3824: 3817: 3813: 3807: 3798: 3791: 3790: 3783: 3774: 3767: 3766: 3761: 3756: 3747: 3740: 3734: 3727: 3726: 3721: 3716: 3709: 3705: 3701: 3696: 3689: 3683: 3674: 3665: 3658: 3654: 3650: 3649:Nicolae Iorga 3645: 3636: 3627: 3618: 3609: 3602: 3601: 3596: 3591: 3589: 3579: 3570: 3561: 3554: 3550: 3546: 3542: 3536: 3527: 3520: 3516: 3511: 3502: 3500: 3493: 3489: 3485: 3481: 3477: 3476:Nicolae Iorga 3472: 3465: 3461: 3458:Viorel Faur, 3455: 3446: 3437: 3430: 3424: 3415: 3409:Fotino, p. 48 3406: 3397: 3390: 3386: 3385:Nicolae Iorga 3381: 3374: 3373: 3366: 3357: 3350: 3349: 3344: 3340: 3336:(in Romanian) 3332: 3330: 3320: 3318: 3310: 3304: 3295: 3289:Jianu, p. 101 3286: 3277: 3268: 3259: 3250: 3241: 3234: 3227: 3220: 3214: 3205: 3199: 3195: 3191: 3187: 3183: 3178: 3169: 3167: 3157: 3148: 3139: 3130: 3121: 3112: 3105: 3101: 3096: 3087: 3078: 3069: 3060: 3051: 3042: 3033: 3024: 3018: 3014: 3010: 3006: 3002: 2997: 2988: 2979: 2977: 2967: 2958: 2949: 2940: 2931: 2925: 2921: 2917: 2913: 2907: 2898: 2891: 2887: 2882: 2873: 2866: 2862: 2856: 2847: 2838: 2831: 2825: 2816: 2807: 2798: 2791: 2785: 2776: 2767: 2765: 2763: 2755: 2749: 2747: 2739: 2738: 2731: 2729: 2727: 2725: 2717: 2711: 2702: 2695: 2689: 2680: 2671: 2669: 2667: 2665: 2663: 2661: 2659: 2649: 2640: 2633: 2632: 2625: 2623: 2613: 2606: 2600: 2591: 2582: 2580: 2578: 2568: 2561: 2555: 2546: 2537: 2528: 2519: 2513: 2509: 2505: 2499: 2492: 2488: 2487:Iosif Hodoșiu 2483: 2481: 2479: 2477: 2475: 2465: 2456: 2447: 2438: 2431: 2425: 2416: 2407: 2398: 2389: 2387: 2385: 2383: 2373: 2364: 2355: 2346: 2337: 2328: 2319: 2310: 2301: 2292: 2283: 2277:Berzuc, p. 97 2274: 2272: 2270: 2260: 2251: 2242: 2233: 2224: 2217: 2211: 2202: 2200: 2198: 2196: 2189: 2188:973-697-758-7 2185: 2181: 2177: 2171: 2169: 2167: 2165: 2163: 2161: 2159: 2157: 2155: 2153: 2151: 2141: 2139: 2137: 2135: 2133: 2131: 2129: 2127: 2125: 2117: 2116: 2109: 2107: 2105: 2103: 2101: 2099: 2092:Bârlea, p. 17 2089: 2080: 2073: 2067: 2065: 2063: 2061: 2059: 2057: 2055: 2053: 2051: 2049: 2039: 2037: 2035: 2033: 2031: 2026: 2019: 2017: 2013: 2009: 2005: 2004: 1999: 1993: 1991: 1990:Nicolae Iorga 1987: 1983: 1979: 1974: 1969: 1967: 1966: 1961: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1946: 1942: 1938: 1935: 1931: 1930:cai-domitoriu 1927: 1923: 1922:coiflucerinde 1919: 1915: 1911: 1906: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1887:Prințul român 1883: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1858:Prințul român 1854: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1839: 1835: 1831: 1827: 1823: 1818: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1803: 1799: 1793: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1751: 1744:Literary work 1741: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1717: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1698: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1679:Aaron Florian 1676: 1675:Dora d'Istria 1672: 1668: 1664: 1659: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1646: 1642: 1641: 1636: 1635:Latin prosody 1632: 1631: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1613:Ateneul Român 1610: 1606: 1602: 1597: 1595: 1589: 1587: 1583: 1582:Nicolae Iorga 1579: 1575: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1550: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1536: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1503: 1494: 1492: 1488: 1487: 1482: 1478: 1477: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1443: 1438: 1434: 1429: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1414: 1412: 1408: 1403: 1397: 1395: 1391: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1373: 1371: 1367: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1346: 1340: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1302: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1276: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1236: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1221: 1216: 1212: 1207: 1205: 1201: 1196: 1194: 1193:Cezar Bolliac 1190: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1161:Prințul român 1157: 1155: 1151: 1150:Matei Basarab 1147: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1122: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1084: 1077: 1068: 1067: 1059: 1045: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1026: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1011: 1005: 1003: 999: 994: 990: 986: 982: 980: 976: 972: 968: 964: 960: 959: 954: 949: 947: 943: 939: 935: 931: 927: 923: 919: 915: 911: 907: 906:Costache Faca 902: 900: 896: 892: 888: 884: 880: 876: 872: 868: 864: 860: 855: 853: 849: 845: 841: 835: 833: 829: 828:Demotic Greek 825: 821: 820: 815: 811: 807: 803: 799: 790: 781: 779: 775: 774:C. A. Rosetti 771: 767: 763: 762:Iosif Hodoșiu 759: 758: 753: 752: 747: 743: 739: 734: 732: 731: 726: 722: 718: 714: 710: 706: 702: 698: 697: 692: 691:British Corfu 688: 687: 686:George Dandin 682: 678: 673: 671: 667: 663: 658: 657:Scarlat Ghica 654: 650: 646: 642: 637: 635: 631: 627: 623: 619: 615: 611: 607: 602: 600: 596: 592: 588: 584: 580: 576: 572: 568: 564: 560: 555: 553: 549: 545: 541: 537: 536: 531: 527: 523: 519: 518:Filiki Eteria 515: 511: 507: 499: 495: 491: 486: 482: 479: 475: 471: 467: 463: 459: 455: 451: 447: 443: 442: 437: 433: 429: 426: 421: 419: 415: 411: 407: 406:Hellenization 403: 399: 395: 391: 387: 372: 370: 366: 362: 358: 354: 350: 346: 342: 337: 335: 331: 328: 324: 323: 318: 314: 310: 306: 302: 298: 294: 293: 287: 285: 281: 280:Demotic Greek 277: 273: 269: 265: 261: 257: 253: 249: 248:Filiki Eteria 245: 240: 238: 234: 230: 226: 225: 220: 216: 215:Hellenization 212: 208: 204: 200: 196: 188: 184: 179: 171: 167: 158: 153: 148: 145: 141: 140:Neoclassicism 138: 134: 131: 127: 123: 119: 116: 112: 105: 101: 95: 91: 87: 83: 80: 74: 70: 67: 63: 59: 55: 46: 42: 37: 32: 27: 20: 4704: 4703:Maria Totu, 4697: 4690: 4683: 4669: 4649: 4643: 4621: 4611: 4595: 4585: 4568: 4558: 4547: 4533: 4523: 4505: 4484: 4477: 4468: 4450: 4431: 4410: 4396: 4386:Limba Română 4384: 4370: 4363: 4352: 4342: 4335: 4328: 4318: 4307: 4286: 4269: 4262: 4255: 4244: 4243:N. Bănescu, 4216: 4208: 4199: 4190: 4183:Limba Română 4182: 4177: 4168: 4159: 4150: 4141: 4132: 4123: 4111: 4090: 4082: 4074: 4069: 4061: 4056: 4047: 4038: 4029: 4020: 4011: 4002: 3994: 3977: 3968: 3959: 3950: 3941: 3933:Manuscriptum 3931: 3919: 3900: 3897:Eugen Simion 3892: 3884: 3879: 3870: 3861: 3852: 3840: 3832: 3823: 3811: 3806: 3797: 3787: 3782: 3773: 3763: 3755: 3746: 3739:Federatiunea 3738: 3733: 3723: 3715: 3703: 3700:Ioan Massoff 3695: 3687: 3682: 3673: 3664: 3652: 3644: 3635: 3626: 3617: 3608: 3598: 3578: 3569: 3560: 3548: 3541:Dan Berindei 3535: 3526: 3518: 3510: 3479: 3471: 3459: 3454: 3445: 3436: 3428: 3423: 3414: 3405: 3396: 3388: 3380: 3370: 3365: 3356: 3346: 3308: 3303: 3294: 3285: 3276: 3267: 3258: 3249: 3240: 3232: 3226: 3218: 3213: 3204: 3185: 3177: 3156: 3147: 3138: 3129: 3120: 3111: 3103: 3095: 3086: 3077: 3068: 3059: 3054:Birtz, p. 44 3050: 3041: 3032: 3023: 3004: 2996: 2987: 2966: 2957: 2948: 2939: 2930: 2911: 2906: 2897: 2889: 2881: 2872: 2864: 2860: 2855: 2846: 2837: 2829: 2824: 2815: 2806: 2797: 2789: 2784: 2775: 2753: 2735: 2715: 2710: 2701: 2693: 2688: 2679: 2648: 2639: 2629: 2612: 2604: 2599: 2590: 2567: 2559: 2554: 2545: 2536: 2527: 2518: 2503: 2498: 2491:Federatiunea 2490: 2464: 2455: 2446: 2437: 2429: 2424: 2415: 2406: 2397: 2372: 2363: 2354: 2345: 2336: 2327: 2318: 2309: 2300: 2291: 2282: 2259: 2250: 2241: 2232: 2223: 2215: 2210: 2175: 2113: 2088: 2079: 2071: 2001: 1994: 1972: 1970: 1963: 1952:George Murnu 1947: 1940: 1936: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1913: 1909: 1907: 1898: 1894: 1886: 1881: 1857: 1855: 1841: 1829: 1819: 1806: 1802:great powers 1794: 1766:modern Greek 1753: 1747: 1737: 1730:Ramiro Ortiz 1725: 1722:Biblia Sacra 1721: 1718: 1705: 1701: 1699: 1667:Bene Merenti 1666: 1660: 1651: 1644: 1638: 1628: 1624: 1620: 1612: 1608: 1598: 1590: 1585: 1561: 1551: 1534: 1531:Biblia Sacra 1530: 1508: 1484: 1474: 1466: 1440: 1432: 1430: 1415: 1406: 1398: 1379:, alongside 1374: 1343: 1341: 1336: 1282: 1265:Arhondologia 1264: 1260: 1256: 1248: 1245:Ilfov County 1237: 1220:Ioan Solomon 1208: 1197: 1180: 1177:Doamna Maria 1176: 1160: 1158: 1141: 1137: 1125: 1123: 1114: 1091: 1064: 1033: 1030:substitution 1027: 1014: 1008: 1006: 1001: 984: 983: 970: 956: 950: 945: 941: 937: 929: 913: 909: 903: 894: 882: 874: 856: 836: 817: 809: 805: 795: 769: 765: 755: 749: 742:Firmin Didot 735: 728: 720: 712: 708: 704: 694: 684: 674: 672:after 1822. 649:Neoclassical 641:Ghica family 638: 618:Papal States 606:Ottoman Army 603: 561:, who led a 556: 547: 533: 529: 503: 500:in Bucharest 498:Ottoman Army 478:Ioan Massoff 461: 453: 439: 428:John Caradja 422: 417: 383: 364: 344: 338: 320: 316: 290: 288: 276:Francization 268:Ghica family 241: 222: 211:Greek colony 202: 194: 182: 169: 165: 164: 122:lyric poetry 5043:Blind poets 4738:1880 deaths 4733:1800 births 4544:Octav Minar 4319:Dacoromania 3837:Iacob Felix 3539:Ioan Lupu, 3311:, pp. 96–97 3160:Totu, p. 30 2916:UNATC Press 1882:Das Ausland 1566:Matei Millo 1447:Crimean War 1437:Großwardein 1209:On July 7 ( 1000:'s review, 912:, in 1835. 899:phrase book 725:Jean Racine 622:Louis Dupré 599:Sacred Band 466:Lady Rallou 432:Octav Minar 410:Phanariotes 252:Sacred Band 233:Lady Rallou 144:Romanticism 130:short story 118:epic poetry 93:Nationality 77:Bucharest, 36:Louis Dupré 4727:Categories 4530:Dan Mănucă 4237:References 3482:, p. 237. 2737:Luceafărul 1965:La Pléiade 1914:pedeveloce 1899:long, long 1895:Propășirea 1724:, but his 1663:Ana Davila 1617:hexameters 1607:' manual, 1426:sand mines 1331:. Outside 1115:Aristodemo 1038:draw blood 844:understudy 814:Lord Byron 730:Andromaque 721:Demofoonte 444:. Scholar 289:Under the 207:Wallachian 96:Wallachian 85:Occupation 4711:, 1976. 4656:, 2017. 4604:924186321 4512:, 2015. 4491:, 2011. 4423:830735698 4417:, 1967. 4407:Ion Ghica 4308:Călătorii 4223:, 2003. 3907:, 2002. 3492:876302354 3427:Slăvescu 3307:Slăvescu 3198:876305572 3192:, 1924. 3017:935631395 3011:, 1910. 2918:, 2018. 1960:Du Bartas 1918:braț-alba 1586:something 1405:wonders ( 1358:Ada Kaleh 1211:Old Style 1107:King Otto 1103:melodrama 963:Thersites 778:Aegisthus 709:Agamemnon 653:Ion Ghica 591:Byzantium 414:Aromanian 400:(the two 386:Bucharest 375:Biography 229:Bucharest 150:Signature 109:1820–1876 58:Wallachia 54:Bucharest 4536:. Iași: 4508:. Iași: 4463:28843327 4440:27958555 4411:Opere, I 4299:28604973 4289:. Cluj: 3600:Adevărul 2832:, p. 615 2718:, p. 276 2216:Vitraliu 2182:, 2004. 2115:Adevĕrul 2012:Longinus 2003:viaticum 1934:vocative 1691:apoplexy 1645:Junimist 1471:Plutarch 1442:Caimacam 1085:top left 1019:Giulești 993:Botoșani 942:Virginia 918:prompter 713:Antigone 666:tailcoat 540:Voltaire 462:Cișmeaua 454:Cișmeaua 398:Moldavia 390:Istanbul 217:in both 166:Costache 98:Romanian 62:Istanbul 4717:3016368 4698:Teatrul 4618:, 1963. 4554:, 1913. 4540:, 1978. 4510:Polirom 4403:, 1939. 4359:, 1968. 4314:, 1968. 4251:, 1910. 3789:Familia 3431:, p. 97 1998:calques 1926:pedager 1903:8º tome 1862:Theseus 1754:Junimea 1710:malaria 1630:Junimea 1562:Cântare 1523:Genesis 1411:Ruschuk 1241:Prefect 1225:Cernica 1134:Dacians 914:Mahomet 863:Balkans 810:Mahomet 806:Mahomet 696:Mahomet 681:Molière 587:phoenix 548:Aspasia 494:Arnauts 458:in drag 181:; born 126:tragedy 4715: 4660: 4628: 4602: 4575: 4516: 4495: 4461: 4438: 4421: 4377: 4297: 4276: 4227: 4118:, 1895 4075:et al. 3911: 3847:, 1892 3818:, 1972 3710:, 1964 3659:, 1903 3555:, 1970 3490: 3466:, 1978 3429:et al. 3309:et al. 3219:et al. 3196: 3015: 2922: 2863:", in 2830:et al. 2716:et al. 2694:et al. 2605:et al. 2560:et al. 2510: 2430:et al. 2186: 1874:Attila 1872:, and 1788:, and 1677:, and 1527:Isaiah 1385:Brașov 1362:Semlin 1345:firman 1327:, and 1313:Danube 1215:guilds 1181:Frăția 1023:thaler 1015:Serdar 1010:Serdar 770:Oreste 723:, and 711:, and 705:Oreste 579:Helena 535:Mérope 460:. The 425:Prince 327:Prince 103:Period 3345:, in 3217:Dima 2631:Vatra 2022:Notes 1973:Iliad 1948:zeițo 1910:Iliad 1652:Iliad 1625:Iliad 1535:Iliad 1366:Banat 1333:Vidin 1117:, by 971:Iliad 958:Iliad 953:Homer 922:ducat 766:Bruto 542:, to 538:, by 380:Youth 365:Iliad 322:Iliad 187:Greek 114:Genre 4713:OCLC 4658:ISBN 4626:ISBN 4600:OCLC 4573:ISBN 4514:ISBN 4493:ISBN 4459:OCLC 4436:OCLC 4419:OCLC 4375:ISBN 4295:OCLC 4274:ISBN 4225:ISBN 3909:ISBN 3488:OCLC 3194:OCLC 3013:OCLC 2920:ISBN 2508:ISBN 2184:ISBN 1980:and 1962:and 1842:Saul 1830:Saul 1768:and 1726:Saul 1568:and 1525:and 1463:Pera 1337:Saul 1263:and 1148:and 1034:Saul 985:Saul 940:and 938:Saul 889:and 812:and 768:and 577:and 532:and 317:Saul 72:Died 51:1800 44:Born 1941:zee 1937:zee 1704:or 1695:lei 1473:'s 1243:of 955:'s 928:'s 908:'s 893:'s 816:'s 776:as 727:'s 719:'s 683:'s 315:'s 282:at 227:in 168:or 60:or 4729:: 4682:, 4639:, 4594:, 4546:, 4532:, 4447:, 4430:, 4395:, 4327:, 4285:, 4215:, 4110:, 4100:^ 3986:^ 3926:, 3899:, 3839:, 3702:, 3587:^ 3547:, 3498:^ 3478:, 3341:, 3328:^ 3316:^ 3184:, 3165:^ 3102:, 3003:, 2975:^ 2761:^ 2745:^ 2723:^ 2657:^ 2621:^ 2576:^ 2473:^ 2381:^ 2268:^ 2194:^ 2149:^ 2123:^ 2097:^ 2047:^ 2029:^ 1968:. 1868:, 1864:, 1840:. 1817:. 1673:, 1658:. 1643:, 1493:. 1465:. 1413:. 1323:, 1299:, 1295:, 1128:(" 1004:. 948:. 715:, 707:, 636:. 546:' 492:' 452:, 371:. 286:. 239:. 197:; 193:, 189:: 185:; 142:, 128:, 124:, 120:, 107:c. 64:, 56:, 172:(

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