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29:
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114:, and was founded by Frank Willoughby Cotton in 1918. F.W. presided over the company until his retirement in 1953. The company was reconstituted as E. Cotton (Motorcycles) Ltd, and traded until 1980. The marque was later resurrected in the late 1990s by a business which manufactured replicas of earlier machines.
279:
In 1939 JAP had changed their engine range, introducing new 500 cc and 600 cc, without an external push rod tube, and finned all the way to the base. Unusual external hairpin valve springs, fixed in the middle, with a valve at each end, were used. These were available as standard or deluxe
699:
4 February 1981 p.3 British 'Rotax'. "Is Cotton's Wilson behind new GP racer? The 250cc
Austrian Rotax engine lies at the heart of a number of British built racing bikes ranging from the Armstrong to the Waddon. The man who started that Rotax bandwagon was Terry Wilson whose company, E Cotton Motor
295:
Continuing with engineering work that sustained the factory during the Second World War, Cotton did not re-enter the motorcycle market at the war's end, but struggled on into the 1950s, when F.W. Cotton decided to retire. The company was re-constituted in 1953 as E. Cotton (Motorcycles) Ltd., after
129:. In 1914 he patented the "triangulated frame" to protect his design that was a Cotton feature until the Second World War. The First World War intervened and it was not until 1918 that the Cotton Motor Company was founded; the first Cotton motorcycle appeared in 1920.
379:
The factory moved to
Stratton Road in 1970, with diversification into production of the Cotton Sturdy, a three-wheel factory truck. Over the next decade production was moved a number of times, and they managed to produce a good 250 cc racing machine with a
323:
In 1956 that changed to a four speed gearbox, and the
Cotanza became available with a 322 cc Anzani twin. A Cotton Trials, a stripped down version of the Vulcan with competition tyres and no lights was released. The original Vulcan was
334:
Other Cotton models included the Herald, Messenger, Double
Gloster, Continental, Corsair and Conquest. Cotton became involved in competitive motorcycling, and a range of road, trials and scrambler models were available by the end of 1960.
399:
The factory moved to Bolton in 1978 but closed in 1980. Following a series of successful 1990s Cotton exhibitions at the
Gloucester Folk Museum, the Cotton Owners Club was formed, where a rally is held each summer.
280:
versions. The high cam JAP engines, the 250 cc JAP, and the 150 cc
Villiers two stroke continued. Just before the world war, they released a smaller, lighter Cotton with a 122 cc Villiers 9D engine.
125:
By 1913, F.W. Cotton had engaged in hill climbs and trials, and recognised the limitations of the "diamond frame" design, little different from a bicycle. He designed his own, and had examples made by
269:
In 1937 the only
Blackburne engine available was a 250 cc ohv. There were three new high-camshaft design 250, 350 and 500 cc JAP engined models, with four-speed, foot change gearboxes.
424:, England produced a series of Cotton replica competition motorcycles including the 250 Cobra Scrambler, Cotton-Triumph 500 Scrambler, Telstar 250 road racer and 250 Starmaker Trials Bike.
391:
A commemorative plaque to the Cotton name was unveiled in 2013, mounted on the wall of the City Folk Museum, which is close to the old factory location in Quay Street, Gloucester.
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1515:
794:
168:
The 1923 win, and consequent full order book, enabled a move to new premises, the Vulcan Works in Quay Street, Gloucester. In 1927 the frame dimensions were altered.
304:
As before, Cotton made their own frames, and bought in the rest of the components for assembly. The first machine, produced till 1957, was the Cotton Vulcan, with a
165:, awarded the first three places in the Lightweight TT. These victories helped establish Cotton as a race-winning machine, with exceptional handling for its time.
1525:
1520:
254:
two-stroke. The biggest capacity model used a 596 cc ohv
Blackburne engine. There was a choice of three ohv engine makes, a side valve, and a two stroke.
351:. The 247 cc Telstar road racer and Conquest were introduced in 1962 and 1964 respectively. Over the next two years, Cottons were winning races again.
260:
For 1934 150 and 250 cc ohv
Blackburne engines were added, and ohv JAP engines of 245 cc and 596 cc. This increased the range to 19 models.
594:
573:
739:
161:, and a second in the Lightweight TT. They only managed a second place in the 1925 Junior TT, and a second place in the lightweight TT but in the
263:
In 1935 the Python and side valve JAP engines disappeared, but with a new choice of coil or magneto ignition, Cotton could still claim 16 models.
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787:
157:βs winning 500 cc Senior TT time, an average of 53.15 miles per hour (85.54 km/h). Cotton motorcycles took a second and third in the
330:
There were no further changes until 1959, when all models were fitted with
Armstrong leading link forks, and the Villiers 2T twin was dropped.
718:
643:
385:
1135:
780:
359:
Villiers withdrew from engine supply, and Cotton was forced to source engines from elsewhere. The Cotton Cavalier trials bike used a
384:
engine. The difficulty of finding a supply of engines after the loss of Villiers was compounded by the appearance of mass-produced
363:
engine, but production was slow. Cotton had been profitably selling bikes in kit form, but changes to legislation proved damaging.
272:
In 1938 the 150 cc model changed from JAP to unused old stock Blackburne engines. Blackburne itself was now out of production.
257:
For 1933 the range included 250s, in two-stroke Villiers, side-valve JAP, ohv JAP, and ohv Python. There were now 17 Cotton models.
546:
1510:
283:
When the triangulated rigid frame was introduced in 1920, it was ahead of its time. By 1939, when the sprung heel and rear
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814:
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889:
266:
In 1936 a "super sports" with a 500 cc JAP engine, and a "super sports" with a Blackburne 25B engine appeared.
1045:
287:
frames had begun to appear so rigid frames had seen their day . Vincent had patented a cantilever frame in 1928.
1333:
1027:
676:
442:
The replicas were very successful on the Pre '65 Moto X circuits and in the hands of classic race competitors.
320:. The frame was also used in a new 1955 Vulcan model, fitted with a Villiers 9E engine and three speed gearbox.
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838:
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600:
579:
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In 1961 the 250 Cougar scrambler was released and a works racing team formed, including such riders as
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In 1931 the Blackburne side valve engines disappeared, replaced by the 348 cc and 499 cc
142:
436:
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Bill Cotton's first wife Elsie Ellen, and was owned and managed by Pat Onions and Monty Denley.
188:
came, Cotton responded by offering a wider range of engines in its patented frame, usually with
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858:
117:
Today, the trademark Cotton The Motorcycle Masterpiece belongs to an international business.
1177:
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and John Draper. The Villiers Starmaker racing engine was introduced in 1962, so Cotton went
214:
150:
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907:
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8:
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145:-engined Cotton to fifth in the 350 cc Junior TT, and the following year, won the
126:
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431:, and employed either AJS Stormer wheel hubs, British Hubs or Grimeca hubs. Betor or
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These replicas followed the original chassis designs accurately. The frames were
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The only change for 1957 was a Villiers 2T twin added to the Cotanza range.
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758:
9. Chapman, Neville.Cotton Motor Company of Gloucester. Book Guild.2016
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engines were added. There were two 150 cc models, a sv JAP and a
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180:
Cotton motorbike shown in 1930, after being involved in an accident.
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were available with the exhaust in "single port" or "twin port".
313:
149:, averaging 55.73 miles per hour (89.69 km/h), bettering
1099:
381:
312:
In 1955 the Cotton Cotanza was released using a 242 cc
955:
828:
1506:
Defunct motorcycle manufacturers of the United Kingdom
802:
1516:
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1918
246:In 1932 all models had saddle tanks and side-valve
435:front forks were fitted, usually with Sebac rear
1497:
394:
669:The New Illustrated Encyclopedia of Motorcycles
1526:Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of England
1521:Manufacturing companies disestablished in 1980
367:Closure of the Quay Street, Gloucester factory
299:
220:292 cc, 348 cc, and 495 cc ohv
788:
290:
716:BBC England, Gloucestershire. 10 August 2013
635:
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539:
537:
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493:
316:engine, and a new frame with "pivoted-fork"
711:
709:
671:. London: Quantum Publishing. p. 560.
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206:295 cc, 348 cc, and 495 cc
27:
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736:"AJS Cadwell and the Chinese Connection"
706:
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275:By 1939 there was no 150 cc model.
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528:WIPO Cotton The Motorcycle Masterpiece
454:Cotton 250 Trials (Starmaker) replica
16:Former British motorcycle manufacturer
1531:Industrial history of Gloucestershire
776:
690:
688:
617:Netherlands Cotton Motorcycle History
646:from the original on 24 October 2006
815:Manufacturing in the United Kingdom
507:from the original on 21 August 2020
354:
13:
685:
110:manufacturer of 11a Bristol Road,
14:
1542:
761:
702:". Accessed and added 2014-10-03
575:IOMTT.com 1922 Junior TT Results
471:
459:
447:
742:from the original on 1 May 2017
728:
596:IOM TT 1926 Lightweight Results
629:
608:
587:
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195:In 1930, engine choices were:
1:
1511:Companies based in Gloucester
483:
395:Closure of the Bolton factory
725:, Retrieved 22 December 2014
636:Ian Chadwick (6 June 2003),
213:348 cc and 495 cc
7:
626:(retrieved 14 October 2006)
605:(retrieved 15 October 2006)
584:(retrieved 20 October 2006)
501:"Cotton Motorcycle History"
478:Cotton-Triumph 500 replica
466:Cotton 250 Telstar replica
403:
300:E. Cotton (Motorcycles) Ltd
10:
1547:
700:Cycles collapsed last year
291:After the Second World War
1088:Chase Brothers Motorcycle
882:
821:
812:
721:25 September 2015 at the
667:Tragatsch, Erwin (2000).
548:Gloucester Cotton History
90:
74:
66:
51:
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26:
412:Cotton 250 Cobra replica
243:motor entered the range.
133:Stanley Woods and the TT
1310:Norton Villiers Triumph
420:of Goodworth Clatford,
47:Frank Willoughby Cotton
1258:(1899β1966, 1988β1990)
639:Chadwick British Bikes
413:
376:
181:
172:Engine and model range
121:The Triangulated Frame
411:
375:Plaque on Quay Street
374:
339:Racing in the sixties
199:247 cc Villiers
179:
986:Alldays & Onions
418:AJS Motorcycles Ltd.
386:Japanese motorcycles
159:Ultra Lightweight TT
104:Cotton Motor Company
22:Cotton Motor Company
1046:Beardmore Precision
956:AJS Motorcycles Ltd
738:. Old Bike Market.
555:on 25 December 2008
345:Bryan "Badger" Goss
147:1923 Isle of Man TT
23:
1196:Hazlewoods Limited
768:Cotton Owners Club
414:
377:
217:Blackburne engines
210:Blackburne engines
182:
21:
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1184:Grindlay Peerless
503:. Sheldon's EMU.
416:In the late '90s
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186:Great Depression
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744:. Retrieved
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648:, retrieved
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509:. Retrieved
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229:Four-strokes
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75:Headquarters
18:
1486:(1905β1950)
1480:(1909β1954)
1474:(1911β1916)
1468:(1928β1959)
1466:Vincent-HRD
1462:(1898β1966)
1456:(1904β1971)
1450:(1912β1964)
1444:(1947β1959)
1438:(1885β1983)
1432:(1911β1961)
1426:(1964β1974)
1420:(1900β1915)
1414:(1976β1979)
1408:(1908β1965)
1402:(1911β1946)
1396:(1909β1932)
1390:(1893β1971)
1384:(1902β1924)
1378:(1960β1975)
1372:(1899β1933)
1366:(1899β1967)
1360:(1901β1928)
1354:(1975β1982)
1348:(1904β1967)
1342:(1908β1921)
1336:(1922β1930)
1330:(1882β1940)
1324:(1901β1954)
1318:(1912β1933)
1312:(1972β1978)
1306:(1966β1972)
1300:(1935β1963)
1294:(1901β1939)
1288:(1903β1958)
1282:(1921β1926)
1276:(1902β1939)
1270:(2004β2014)
1264:(1926β1929)
1252:(1919β1923)
1246:(1911β1939)
1240:(1903β1939)
1234:(1902β1966)
1228:(1911β1934)
1222:(1922β1928)
1216:(1898β1930)
1210:(1981β1988)
1204:(1971β1977)
1198:(1895β1923)
1192:(1912β1924)
1186:(1923-1939)
1180:(1953β1976)
1174:(1919β1966)
1168:(1896β1964)
1162:(1947β1977)
1156:(1919β1923)
1150:(1919β1935)
1144:(1907β1957)
1138:(1908β1978)
1132:(1945β1971)
1126:(1919β1936)
1120:(1901β1939)
1114:(1918β1980)
1108:(1946β1954)
1102:(1909β1923)
1096:(1900β1936)
1090:(1903β1906)
1084:(1909β1939)
1078:(1919β1972)
1072:(1919β1940)
1066:(1908β1926)
1060:(1902β1924)
1054:(1913β1922)
1048:(1914β1930)
1042:(1920β1936)
1036:(1902β1926)
1030:(1927β1930)
1024:(1937β1966)
1018:(1928β1930)
1012:(1980β1987)
1006:(1902β1970)
1000:(1946β1964)
994:(1990β1994}
988:(1903β1915)
982:(1903β1906)
976:(1919β1925)
970:(1919β1922)
964:(1928β1976)
958:(1909β2000)
952:(1925β1926)
946:(1937β1940)
940:(1919β1924)
934:(1905β1947)
928:(1902β1922)
922:(1919β1924)
916:(1950β1954)
910:(1903β1925)
904:(1946β1959)
898:(1919β1923)
650:22 December
559:22 December
349:road racing
192:gearboxes.
95:Motorcycles
1500:Categories
1328:OK-Supreme
1286:New Hudson
1274:Montgomery
1250:Martinsyde
1094:Chater-Lea
1052:Blackburne
998:Ambassador
890:Abbotsford
805:motorcycle
678:1861603428
484:References
208:side-valve
201:two stroke
163:1926 races
155:Tom Sheard
143:Blackburne
112:Gloucester
108:motorcycle
80:Gloucester
1472:Wilkinson
1454:Velocette
1280:Ner-A-Car
1256:Matchless
1166:Excelsior
1082:Calthorpe
1010:Armstrong
746:21 August
511:21 August
433:Marzocchi
361:Minarelli
184:When the
70:Dissolved
1460:Villiers
1370:Rex-Acme
1358:Quadrant
1058:Bradbury
902:Aberdale
892:(1919β?)
803:British
740:Archived
719:Archived
644:archived
505:Archived
404:Replicas
324:dropped.
306:Villiers
285:swingarm
252:Villiers
137:In 1922
91:Products
1448:Sunbeam
1436:Triumph
1376:Rickman
1364:Raleigh
1346:Panther
1340:Premier
1334:P&P
1268:Megelli
1208:Hesketh
1178:Greeves
1142:Douglas
1040:Baughan
932:Advance
920:Ackland
883:Defunct
869:Triumph
859:MΓ©tisse
854:Hesketh
849:Greeves
822:Current
422:Andover
308:motor.
224:engines
151:Douglas
141:rode a
57: (
52:Defunct
44:Founder
36:Founded
1484:Zenith
1478:Wooler
1442:Tandon
1424:Sprite
1418:Singer
1352:Quasar
1298:Norman
1262:McEvoy
1214:Humber
1202:Healey
1148:Dunelt
1112:Cotton
1064:Brough
974:Alecto
968:Akkens
864:Norton
844:Cheney
675:
437:shocks
314:Anzani
203:engine
190:Burman
1406:Scott
1400:Rudge
1382:Rover
1244:Levis
1232:James
1190:Haden
1154:Duzmo
1106:Corgi
1100:Clyno
1028:Baker
1004:Ariel
980:Alert
834:Ariel
382:Rotax
237:Rudge
127:Levis
1412:Silk
1394:Ruby
926:Acme
874:Wasp
748:2020
673:ISBN
652:2009
561:2009
513:2020
102:The
67:Fate
59:1980
55:1980
39:1918
1430:Sun
1322:OEC
1316:NUT
1238:JAP
1226:Ivy
1220:HRD
1160:EMC
1136:DOT
1130:DMW
1076:BSA
1034:Bat
1022:AMC
962:AJW
950:AJR
944:AER
938:AEL
914:ABJ
896:ABC
839:CCM
829:AJS
248:JAP
222:JAP
215:ohv
1502::
708:^
687:^
659:^
642:,
536:^
492:^
439:.
83:,
796:e
789:t
782:v
750:.
681:.
515:.
61:)
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