Council of Ephesus

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was long and arduous, John composed his delegation of his metropolitan bishops who were restricted to bring no more than two suffragans each. By doing so, he minimized the number who would have to travel to Ephesus. Neither of the emperors attended the council. Theodosius appointed Count Candidian as the head of the imperial palace guard to represent him, to supervise the proceedings of the Council, and to keep good order in the city of Ephesus. Despite Nestorius' agenda of prosecuting Cyril, Theodosius intended for the council to focus strictly on the christological controversy. He thus gave Candidianus strict directions to remain neutral and not to interfere in the theological proceedings. It is generally assumed that Candidian initially maintained his neutrality as instructed by the emperor and only gradually became more biased towards Nestorius. McGuckin, however, suggests that Candidian may have favored Nestorius from the start.

3135:, was already present with his 52 bishops. Nestorius and his 16 bishops were the first to arrive shortly after Easter. As archbishop of the imperial city of Constantinople, he traveled with a detachment of troops who were under the command of Count Candidian. McGuckin notes that the troops were not there to serve as Nestorius' bodyguard but to support Candidian in his role as the emperor's representative. However, McGuckin theorizes that Candidian's progressive abandonment of neutrality in favor of Nestorius may have created the perception that Candidian's troops were, in fact, there to support Nestorius. Candidian ordered all monks and lay strangers to leave the city; he further instructed the bishops not to leave on any pretext until the council was concluded. Several sources comment that the purpose of this injunction was to prevent bishops from leaving the council to appeal to the emperor directly. 220: 3206:

session. He indicated that he had a second letter from Celestine which was read to the bishops now in attendance. The letter contained a general exhortation to the council, and concluded by saying that the legates had instructions to carry out what the pope had decided on the question and expressed Celestine's confidence that the council would agree. The bishops indicated their approval by acclaiming Celestine and Cyril. Projectus indicated that the papal letter enjoined the council to put into effect the sentence pronounced by Celestine. Firmus, the Exarch of Caesarea in Cappadocia, responded that the pope's sentence had already been carried out in the first session. The session closed with the reading of the pope's letter to the emperor.

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John were all deposed. Memnon and Cyril were kept in close confinement. But in spite of all the efforts of the Antiochene party, the representatives of the envoys whom the council was eventually allowed to send, with the legate Philip, to the Court, persuaded the emperor to accept Cyril's council as the true one. Seeing the writing on the wall and anticipating his fate, Nestorius requested permission to retire to his former monastery. The synod was dissolved in the beginning of October, and Cyril arrived amid much joy at Alexandria on 30 October. Pope Celestine had died on 27 July but his successor,

3236:. He was again cited, and this was counted as the third canonical summons. He paid no attention. In consequence the council suspended and excommunicated him, together with thirty-four bishops of his party, but refrained from deposing them. Some of John's party had already deserted him, and he had gained only a few. In the letters to the emperor and the pope which were then dispatched, the synod described itself as now consisting of 210 bishops. The long letter to Celestine gave a full account of the council, and mentioned that the pope's decrees against the Pelagians had been read and confirmed. 3095: 3297: 36: 2372: 3425: 2446: 3086:

church had sanctioned the word by using it themselves. John wrote to Nestorius, "Don't lose your head. Ten days! It will not take you twenty-four hours to give the needed answer.... Ask advice of men you can trust. Ask them to tell you the facts, not just what they think will please you.... You have the whole of the East against you, as well as Egypt." Despite this advice from his colleagues, Nestorius persisted in maintaining the rightness of his position.

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protest, arriving with Count Candidian who declared that the assembly was illegal and must disperse. He urged Cyril to wait four more days for the Syrian delegation to arrive. However, since even the bishops opposed to opening the council were now present, Cyril maneuvered Candidian by means of a ruse to read out the text of the Emperor's decree of convocation, which the assembly then acclaimed as recognition of its own legality.

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sessions. The council sent a letter to Theodosius indicating that the condemnation of Nestorius had been agreed upon not only by the bishops of the East meeting in Ephesus but also of the bishops of the West who had convened at a synod in Rome convened by Celestine. The bishops asked Theodosius to allow them to go home since so many of them suffered from their presence at Ephesus.

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majority, which had accused it of Roman leanings. In 424, the Persian Church declared itself independent of the Byzantine and all other churches, in order to ward off allegations of foreign allegiance. Following the Nestorian Schism, the Persian Church increasingly aligned itself with the Nestorians,

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However, Count Candidian and his troops supported Nestorius as did Count Irenaeus. The emperor had always been a firm supporter of Nestorius, but had been somewhat shaken by the reports of the council. Cyril's group was unable to communicate with the emperor because of interference from supporters of

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who existed before Mary and indeed before time itself. The Logos occupied the part of the human soul (the part of man that was stained by the Fall). But wouldn't the absence of a human soul make Jesus less human? Nestorius rejected this proposition, answering that, because the human soul was based on

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McGuckin ascribes Nestorius' importance to his being the representative of the Antiochene tradition and characterizes him as a "consistent, if none too clear, exponent of the longstanding Antiochene dogmatic tradition." Nestorius was greatly surprised that what he had always taught in Antioch without

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McGuckin notes that the vagueness of the Sacra resulted in wide variations of interpretation by different bishops. In particular, the vastness of John of Antioch's ecclesiastical territory required a lengthy period to notify and gather his delegates. Because the overland trip from Antioch to Ephesus

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marked the resolution of a dispute between those two churches that had existed since the Council of Ephesus. They expressed their common understanding of doctrine concerning the divinity and humanity of Christ, and recognized the legitimacy and rightness of their respective descriptions of Mary as,

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between the followers of the different versions of the council, which was only mended by difficult negotiations. The factions that supported John of Antioch acquiesced in the condemnation of Nestorius and, after additional clarifications, accepted the decisions of Cyril's council. However, the rift

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At this point, Cyril announced his intention to open the council; however, Candidian enjoined him from doing so on the grounds that the Roman and Antiochean delegations had not arrived yet. Cyril initially acceded to Candidian's injunction knowing that he could not legally convene a council without

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Cyril brought with him 50 bishops, arriving only a few days before Pentecost. There were very few bishops representing the West, as the papal representatives would not arrive until July. The Palestinian delegation of 16 bishops and Metropolitan Flavian of Philippi arrived 5 days after the date that

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Celestine sent Arcadius and Projectus, to represent himself and his Roman council; in addition, he sent the Roman priest, Philip, as his personal representative. Cyril Patriarch of Alexandria was president of the council. Celestine had directed the papal legates not to take part in the discussions,

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According to McGuckin, several mid-twentieth-century accounts have tended to "romanticise" Nestorius; in opposition to this view, he asserts that Nestorius was no less dogmatic and uncompromising than Cyril, and that he was clearly just as prepared to use his political and canonical powers as Cyril

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McGuckin, p. 79; When Candidian finished reading the Sacra he surely realised the full extent of his mistake. The Bishops acclaimed long life to the Emperor in demonstrative professions of loyalty, but now with the text officially declaimed in the symbolic presence of the whole Episcopal gathering

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Although Emperor Theodosius had long been a staunch supporter of Nestorius, his loyalty seems to have been shaken by the reports from Cyril's council and caused him to arrive at the extraordinary decision to ratify the depositions decreed by both councils. Thus, he declared that Cyril, Memnon, and

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The second session was held in Memnon's episcopal residence. Philip, as papal legate, opened the proceedings by commenting that the present question regarding Nestorius had already been decided by Pope Celestine as evidenced by his letter, which had been read to the assembled bishops in the first

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and his Syrian bishops finally reached Ephesus five days after the council, they met with Candidian who informed them that Cyril had begun a council without them and had ratified Celestine's conviction of Nestorius as a heretic. Angered at having undertaken such a long and arduous journey only to

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Despite three separate summons, Nestorius refused to acknowledge Cyril's authority to stand in judgment of him and considered the opening of the council before the arrival of the Antiochene contingent as a "flagrant injustice". The 68 bishops who opposed opening the council entered the church in

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For example, John of Antioch wrote to Nestorius urging him to submit to the Pope's judgment and cease stirring up controversy over a word that he disliked (Theotokos) but which could be interpreted as having an orthodox meaning especially in light of the fact that many saints and doctors of the

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Two weeks after the date set for the council, John and the bulk of his Syrian group (42 members) had not yet appeared. At this point, Cyril formally opened the council on Monday, 22 June by enthroning the Gospels in the centre of the church, as a symbol of Christ's presence among the assembled

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According to McGuckin, Memnon, as bishop of Ephesus, commanded the "fervent and unquestioned loyalty" of the local populace and thus could count on the support of local factions to counterbalance the military might of Candidian's troops. In view of the verdict of Rome against Nestorius, Memnon

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and Nestorius. However, he emphasizes that, as much as political competition contributed to an "overall climate of dissent", the controversy cannot be reduced merely to the level of "personality clashes" or "political antagonisms". According to McGuckin, Cyril viewed the "elevated intellectual

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Having read the Acts of the first session, the papal legates indicated that all that was required was that the council's condemnation of Nestorius be formally read in their presence. When this had been done, the three legates each confirmed the council's actions, signing the Acts of all three

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to deliver both the Pope's commission as well as the synodal letter of the Egyptian bishops. Cyril sent a letter to Nestorius known as "The Third Epistle of Saint Cyril to Nestorius." This epistle drew heavily on the established Patristic Constitutions and contained the most famous article of

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to summon a general council through which Nestorius hoped to convict Cyril of heresy and thereby vindicate his own teachings. Theodosius issued a Sacra calling for the metropolitan bishops to assemble in the city of Ephesus, which was a special seat for the veneration of Mary, where the

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At the fourth session, Cyril and Memnon presented a formal protest against John of Antioch for convening a separate conciliabulum. The council issued a summons for him to appear before them, but he would not even receive the envoys who were sent to serve him the summons.

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were able to recognize "the point of the argument for Christ's integrity" and concede the "ill-advised nature of Nestorius' immoveability." Concerned at the potential for a negative result at a council, they urged Nestorius to yield and accept the use of the title

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Bishops arrived in Ephesus over a period of several weeks. While waiting for the other bishops to arrive, they engaged in informal discussions characterized as tending to "exasperate rather than heal their differences". The metropolitan of Ephesus,

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a measure encouraged by the Zoroastrian ruling class. The Persian Church became increasingly Nestorian in doctrine over the next decades, furthering the divide between Christianity in Persia and in the Roman Empire. In 486 the Metropolitan of

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A number of bishops, who were undecided between Nestorius and Cyril, did not want to give Cyril, as one party in the dispute, the right to chair the meeting and decide the agenda; however, they began to take Cyril's side for various reasons.

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The bishops at Cyril's council outnumbered those at John of Antioch's council by nearly four to one. In addition, they had the agreement of the papal legates and the support of the population of Ephesus who supported their bishop, Memnon.

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were present. The proceedings were conducted in a heated atmosphere of confrontation and recriminations and created severe tensions between Cyril and Theodosius II. Nestorius was decisively outplayed by Cyril and removed from his

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The Council declared it "unlawful for any man to bring forward, or to write, or to compose a different (ἑτέραν) Faith as a rival to that established by the holy Fathers assembled with the Holy Ghost in Nicæa". It quoted the

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heresies and condemned Memnon for inciting violence. The bishops at this council deposed both Cyril and Memnon. Initially, the emperor concurred with the actions of John's council but eventually withdrew his concurrence.

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and decreed generally, that no bishop was to "assume control of any province which has not heretofore, from the very beginning, been under his own hand or that of his predecessors lest the Canons of the Fathers be

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Nestorius tried to answer a question considered unsolved: "How can Jesus Christ, being part man, not be partially a sinner as well, since man is by definition a sinner since the Fall?" To solve that he taught that

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with God and consubstantial with us because he would grow, mature, suffer and die (which Nestorius argued God cannot do) and also would possess the power of God that would separate him from being equal to humans.

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Christological spectrum during the 5th–7th centuries showing the views of The Church of the East (light blue), Miaphysite (light red) and the western churches i.e. Eastern Orthodox and Catholic (light purple)

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At this session, the council approved the claim of the bishops of Cyprus that their see had been anciently and rightly exempt from the jurisdiction of Antioch. The council also passed five canons condemning

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McGuckin, p. 78; Nonetheless he must have been acutely aware that he could claim no legal status for his synod under imperial law until the official reading of the Emperor's Sacra had taken place.

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the archetype of the Logos, only to become polluted by the Fall, Jesus was "more" human for having the Logos and not "less". Consequently, Nestorius argued that the Virgin Mary should be called

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tried and failed to create for himself a patriarchate from the territory of the Antiochene patriarchate in which his see lay. He ultimately succeeded in this goal twenty years later at the

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have been pre-empted by actions taken by Cyril's council, John and the Syrian bishops held their own Council with Candidian presiding. This council condemned Cyril for espousing the

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Nestorius believed that no union between the human and divine was possible. If such a union of human and divine occurred, Nestorius believed that Christ could not truly be

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Nestorius both at Constantinople and at Ephesus. Ultimately, a messenger disguised as a beggar was able to carry a letter to Constantinople by hiding it in a hollow cane.

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and his bishops. It was rumored that John might be delaying his arrival in order to avoid participating in a council which was likely to condemn Nestorius as a heretic.

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formula was popular. Each bishop was to bring only his more eminent suffragans. The date set by the Emperor for the opening of the council was Pentecost (7 June) 431.

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Nestorius's opponents charged him with detaching Christ's divinity and humanity into two persons existing in one body, thereby denying the reality of the

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on the Assyrian side, "the Mother of Christ our God and Saviour", and, on the Catholic side, as "the Mother of God" and also as "the Mother of Christ".

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Even though the Council was moved to Ferrara in 1438 and later to Florence, some bishops refused to move and remained in a parallel Council at Basel.

5271: 828: 692: 672: 8550: 4881: 1197: 687: 682: 1295: 563: 519: 4434:"Nestorius of Constantinople: Condemnation, Suppression, Veneration: With special reference to the role of his name in East-Syriac Christianity" 6615: 6362: 2007: 1202: 2951:. Shortly after his arrival in Constantinople, Nestorius became involved in the disputes of two theological factions, which differed in their 7860: 7587: 6174: 5354: 3050:. Before acting on the Pope's commission, Cyril convened a synod of Egyptian bishops which condemned Nestorius as well. Cyril then sent four 1619: 1285: 3065:

is Anathema!" Nestorius however, still would not repent. McGuckin points out that other representatives of the Antiochene tradition such as

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Various circumstances including a detour necessitated by flooding as well as sickness and death of some of the delegates seriously delayed

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Image in the church Notre-Dame de Fourvières, France. The priest standing right in the middle is Cyril of Alexandria. On the throne is the

9422: 8133: 7626: 7346: 4558: 2375: 1411: 818: 625: 360: 245: 3059:, Cyril excommunicated anyone who followed the teachings of Nestorius. For example, "Anyone who dares to deny the Holy Virgin the title 9335: 8515: 7814: 6919: 6023: 5016: 4903: 2670: 1820: 4521: 3688: 9386: 6225: 5029: 4870: 4814: 4740: 4724: 647: 459: 454: 9478: 8268: 7391: 7341: 6648: 6261: 5728: 4934: 4830: 2385: 1612: 803: 469: 418: 393: 9427: 7532: 6653: 5102: 4754: 2421: 1775: 1315: 423: 7962: 7904: 7498: 7366: 6610: 6518: 6249: 6169: 6117: 5915: 4807: 4720: 4551: 4529: 2738: 1007: 964: 464: 383: 265: 9448: 6127: 5862: 4915: 4460: 4121: 4098: 4075: 3982: 3591:, Second Series, vol. 14, The Seven Ecumenical Councils, New York: Christian Literature Co. – via Internet Archive 3538: 3046:. The Pope agreed and gave Cyril his authority to serve a notice to Nestorius to recant his views within ten days or else be 2959:

any controversy whatsoever should prove to be so objectionable to the Christians of Constantinople. Nestorius emphasized the

2663: 2235: 1592: 1310: 1035: 1030: 9417: 3477:(497–502) reiterated and expanded upon the church's esteem for Theodore, solidifying the church's adoption of Nestorianism. 9468: 7772: 7668: 6904: 4747: 4422: 4401: 4380: 4356: 4287: 4263: 3347: 2919:

Even within Constantinople, some supported the Roman-Alexandrian and others supported the Nestorian factions. For example,

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Next day the fifth session was held in the same church. John had set up a placard in the city accusing the synod of the

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argument about christology" as ultimately one and the same as the "validity and security of the simple Christian life".

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to call a council in which all grievances could be aired, hoping that he would be vindicated and Cyril condemned.

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At this session, the bishops approved Canon 7 which condemned any departure from the creed established by the

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This article is about the ecumenical council held in 431. For the two later councils in the same city, see

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On 19 November, Nestorius, anticipating the ultimatum which was about to be delivered, convinced Emperor

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for its Nestorian teachings, the school relocated to its original home of Nisibis, becoming again the

3248:, in particular an exposition by the priest Charisius. According to a report from Cyril to Celestine, 9508: 9256: 8677: 8379: 7690: 7486: 6969: 6433: 6323: 5804: 5788: 5654: 5277: 5159: 4140: 2990: 2797:. Nestorius himself had requested the Emperor to convene the council, hoping that it would prove his 2718: 1958: 1859: 1771: 1687: 1051: 945: 798: 779: 489: 250: 116: 112: 9145: 8510: 8085: 7602: 7508: 7476: 7371: 7051: 6864: 6357: 6293: 5662: 5428: 5257: 5165: 5144: 3504: 3035:. Cyril argued that Nestorianism split Jesus in half and denied that he was both human and divine. 2880: 2534: 2140: 2130: 1864: 1477: 1215: 897: 808: 620: 605: 514: 494: 484: 341: 260: 6892: 9287: 9266: 9120: 8128: 7984: 7711: 6779: 6719: 6595: 6477: 6276: 5878: 5685: 5630: 5577: 5380: 5226: 5111: 4976: 4850: 4615: 4477: 4225:

Common Christological Declaration between the Catholic Church and the Assyrian Church of the East

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Common Christological Declaration between the Catholic Church and the Assyrian Church of the East

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The Council denounced Nestorius' teaching as erroneous and decreed that Jesus was one person (

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and their followers as heretics and a sixth one decreeing deposition from clerical office or

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Autocephaly and canonicity recognized by Constantinople and 3 other autocephalous Churches:

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History of the later Roman Empire from the death of Theodosius I to the death of Justinian

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was the first to accuse Nestorius of heresy, but his most forceful opponent was Patriarch

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supported the Roman-Alexandrian popes while the emperor and his wife supported Nestorius.

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Cyril of Alexandria and the Nestorian Controversy: The Making of a Saint and of a Heretic

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St. Cyril of Alexandria: The Christological Controversy: Its History, Theology, and Texts

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the Synod of Ephesus was in formal session, legally as well as canonically sanctioned.

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Canon 8 condemned interference by the Bishop of Antioch in affairs of the Church in

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Persia had long been home to a Christian community that had been persecuted by the

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Contention over Nestorius' teachings, which he developed during his studies at the

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refused to have communion with Nestorius, closing the churches of Ephesus to him.

1385: 1380: 35: 9181: 8682: 8649: 8593: 8587: 8444: 8349: 8253: 8065: 7559: 7524: 7454: 7356: 7294: 7036: 6987: 6533: 6188: 4688: 4606: 4533: 4450: 4412: 4391: 4370: 4366: 4346: 4342: 4322: 4301: 4277: 4253: 4232: 3351: 3324: 3285: 2884: 2821: 2467: 2315: 2310: 2165: 2110: 2085: 2022: 2012: 1552: 1507: 762: 637: 590: 63: 4543: 3473:, leading to a wave of Nestorian immigration into Persia. The Persian patriarch 3350:), and not two separate persons, yet possessing both a human and divine nature. 9328: 9246: 9100: 8745: 8570: 8364: 8339: 8303: 8243: 8236: 8231: 8221: 8075: 8060: 7999: 7875: 7865: 7621: 7458: 7444: 7419: 7414: 7205: 7179: 7109: 6924: 6826: 6821: 6804: 6744: 6638: 6585: 6414: 6334: 6183: 5780: 3466: 3445: 3047: 2974: 2908: 2758: 2707: 2215: 2180: 2075: 2051: 1988: 1815: 1577: 1335: 1300: 1222: 972: 935: 757: 7938: 2985:, "Christ-bearer"), but this proposal did not gain acceptance on either side. 9442: 9221: 9216: 9211: 8960: 8955: 8950: 8945: 8940: 8935: 8930: 8925: 8920: 8915: 8910: 8905: 8900: 8846: 8629: 8555: 8521: 8505: 8465: 8148: 8123: 7899: 7809: 7794: 7716: 7361: 7298: 7287: 7174: 7061: 6964: 6952: 6816: 6789: 6729: 6208: 6028: 5301: 4671: 4506: 3106: 2844: 2840: 2828: 2810: 2710: 2150: 1963: 1517: 1441: 1406: 747: 131: 41: 4538: 4527:

Medieval Sourcebook: Documents and letters concerning the Council of Ephesus

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Eusebius, a layman who later became the bishop of the neighbouring Dorylaeum

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A select library of Nicene and post-Nicene fathers of the Christian church

3562:

A select library of Nicene and post-Nicene fathers of the Christian church

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had been set for opening the council, and aligned themselves with Cyril.

2952: 2948: 2856: 2816:

Nestorius' dispute with Cyril had led the latter to seek validation from

2742: 2726: 2722: 2225: 2125: 1993: 1345: 1265: 1255: 1240: 1115: 1080: 444: 398: 373: 167: 9026: 4279:

Christ in Christian Tradition: From the Apostolic Age to Chalcedon (451)

4136:"The Phantom Heresy: Did the Council of Ephesus (431) Condemn Chiliasm?" 3358:, a Greek word that means "God-bearer" (the one who gave birth to God). 9376: 9371: 9366: 9361: 9356: 9351: 9201: 8976: 8324: 7909: 7406: 7156: 7104: 6909: 6739: 6384: 6213: 6157: 6152: 3407: 3382: 3317: 3281: 3055:

Alexandrian Orthodoxy: "The Twelve Anathemas of Saint Cyril." In these

2904: 2260: 2155: 1446: 1325: 1305: 1159: 183:, condemnations of heresies, declaration of Mary as "Theotokos", eight 16:

Ecumenical council in Ephesus in 431, convened by Emperor Theodosius II

5332: 9302: 9006: 9001: 8799: 7401: 7351: 7277: 7272: 7046: 7031: 6759: 6749: 6452: 6438: 6162: 5796: 5057: 4664: 4489: 4485: 3355: 3313: 3277: 3070: 3061: 3004: 2969: 2943: 2920: 2798: 2753: 2734: 2135: 1375: 1370: 1360: 1350: 1275: 1183: 1095: 977: 346: 283: 163: 2699: 9140: 9092: 9077: 9046: 9021: 8981: 8783: 8138: 7892: 7880: 7245: 7124: 6764: 6543: 6457: 6203: 6193: 6147: 6142: 6137: 4704: 4433: 3056: 2766: 2648: 2275: 2160: 2041: 1235: 1165: 1153: 1142: 581: 3833:, vol. 33, Spottiswoode, p. 103 – via Google books 3330:

Canon 7 condemned any departure from the creed established by the

1661: 9176: 9155: 9105: 8996: 8986: 8395: 8009: 7631: 7282: 7212: 6872: 6836: 5825:* Ecumenical status disputed within the Eastern Orthodox Church. 5316: 5061: 4282:(2nd revised ed.). Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press. 3450: 2762: 2695: 2399: 2300: 2115: 1250: 1100: 558:

Spiritual independence recognized by Georgian Orthodox Church:

450:

Autocephalous Churches who are officially part of the communion:

9072: 9036: 9031: 9016: 8561:

Pope Pius XII 1942 consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary

8004: 7914: 7819: 6298: 6218: 6085: 4372:

Imperial unity and Christian divisions: The Church 450–680 A.D.

4255:

Nestorius and His Teaching: A Fresh Examination of the Evidence

3338: 3043: 2964: 2941:, largely revolved around his rejection of the long-used title 2851:, by which churches supportive of Nestorius, especially in the 2835: 2802: 2703: 2330: 1537: 1130: 5038:

Assyrian Church of the East Patriarchate of Seleucia-Ctesiphon

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Ancient Church of the East Patriarchate of Seleucia-Ctesiphon

3185: 2255: 2185: 1245: 1148: 4599:

legacy and branched where multiple denominational claimants:

4348:

Nestorius and his Place in the History of Christian Doctrine

9125: 4684: 3551: 3549: 3547: 3334:(325), in particular an exposition by the priest Charisius. 3099: 1110: 2757:, "God-bearer". It met from 22 June to 31 July 431 at the 8450:

Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution

4888: 3690:

The ecumenical councils of the Catholic Church: a history

3098:

Council of Ephesus in 431, in the Basilica of Fourvière,

5533:(Basel/Lausanne: 1431–1449; Ferrara/Florence: 1438–1445) 4007:

The Council of Ephesus of 431: Documents and Proceedings

3544: 3174: 7464:

Political influence of Evangelicalism in Latin America

5075:

Catholicos of All Armenians (Patriarch of Etchmiadzin)

3733:"Saint Cyril of Alexandria and the Council of Ephesus" 3598:"Early Church Fathers: Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers" 3437:

would open again during the debates leading up to the

3385:, have suggested that the Council of Ephesus rejected 531:

Autocephaly recognized by some autocephalous Churches

8481:

Dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary

3392: 3410:, gave papal confirmation to the council's actions. 3288:

for those who did not accept the Council's decrees.

3323:Canon 6 decreed deposition from clerical office or 2993:gave birth to the incarnate Christ, not the divine 7554: 4522:Eight canons promulgated by the Council of Ephesus 3869: 3867: 3559: 3327:for those who did not accept the Council's decrees 3259: 2911:as an important factor in the controversy between 4573: 4324:The Dyophysite Christology of Cyril of Alexandria 2801:; the council in fact condemned his teachings as 9440: 8551:Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII 3783: 3781: 3864: 3585:Schaff, Philip; Wace, Henry, eds. (1890–1900), 3584: 3465:in Mesopotamia was closed by Byzantine Emperor 3218: 3200: 2694:was a council of Christian bishops convened in 4410: 4375:Crestwood, NY: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press. 3239: 3227: 3209: 3161: 8815: 7540: 5863: 5348: 4559: 4248: 4090:The Encyclopedia of Eastern Orthodox Theology 4044: 3977:. Courier Dover Publications. pp. 353–. 3778: 3616:Carl E. Braaten and Robert W. Jenson (2004), 3147:the official reading of the Emperor's Sacra. 3020:or any of the other hierarchs of the period. 2671: 2480:Renaissance depiction of the Council of Trent 2422: 1620: 4587:Traditional ecclesiastical jurisdictions of 3461:, as a spiritual authority. In 489 when the 3370:in 325, not as added to and modified by the 2867:, whose present-day representatives are the 151:200–250 (papal representatives arrived late) 5877: 5265:Ethiopian Orthodox Patriarchate of Ethiopia 3558:Schaff, Philip; Wace, Henry, eds. (1996) , 8822: 8808: 8566:Dogma of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary 8516:Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart 7547: 7533: 5870: 5856: 5355: 5341: 4904:Coptic Catholic Patriarchate of Alexandria 4883:Coptic Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria 4566: 4552: 4365: 4272: 4202: 3970: 3596:Schaff, Philip; Wace, Henry, eds. (1890), 3595: 3557: 3291: 2678: 2664: 2474: 2429: 2415: 1627: 1613: 9387:Crawford Aramaic New Testament manuscript 5279:Eritrean Orthodox Patriarchate of Eritrea 5030:Chaldean Catholic Patriarchate of Baghdad 4871:Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria 4741:Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople 4431: 4351:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 4258:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 4165: 4004: 3787: 3518: 3002:, Greek for "Carrier of Christ", and not 192:Chronological list of ecumenical councils 5729:Ancient church councils (pre-ecumenical) 4935:Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem 4831:Melkite Catholic Patriarchate of Antioch 4296: 3964: 3939:The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire 3423: 3295: 3093: 7288:Fostering of early experimental science 5829: 5362: 5104:Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople 4823:Syriac Catholic Patriarchate of Antioch 4790:Syriac Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch 4756:Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople 3824: 3682: 3680: 3678: 3676: 3457:, publicly accepted Nestorius' mentor, 9441: 8829: 7392:Fundamentalist – Modernist controversy 4808:Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch 4478:St. Cyril the Archbishop of Alexandria 4448: 4389: 4133: 3762: 3760: 3758: 3756: 3754: 3752: 3750: 3748: 2926: 8803: 7528: 5851: 5336: 4547: 4539:Extracts from the Acts of the council 4341: 3686: 3646: 5172:Serbian Orthodox Patriarchate of Peć 4748:Latin Patriarchate of Constantinople 4438:Journal of Eastern Christian Studies 4417:. London & New York: Routledge. 4320: 4067:The Church in the Age of Constantine 3825:Headlam, Arthur Cayley, ed. (1892), 3673: 3175:Arrival of the Antiochene delegation 2895: 2843:, and his teachings were officially 2361: 1583:Encyclical of the Eastern Patriarchs 1193:Differences from the Catholic Church 1059:History of Eastern Orthodox theology 8420:Suppression of the Society of Jesus 4455:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 3745: 3082:when referring to the Virgin Mary. 2903:cites the "innate rivalry" between 2381: 905:Other possible ecumenical councils: 668:Australia, New Zealand, and Oceania 21:Council of Ephesus (disambiguation) 13: 7975:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran 5096:Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem 4942:Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem 4471: 4005:Price, Richard; Graumann, Thomas. 3936: 3393:Confirmation of the Council's acts 14: 9535: 5087:Armenian Catholicosate of Cilicia 4993:Latin Catholic titular episcopate 4800:Armenian Catholicosate of Cilicia 4515: 3570:, Michigan, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 2733:, and condemned the teachings of 775:American Orthodox Catholic Church 8782: 8770: 8101:Fourth Council of Constantinople 8056:Second Council of Constantinople 5757:State church of the Roman Empire 5315: 4896:Latin Patriarchate of Alexandria 4390:Norris, Richard A., ed. (1980). 4088:John Anthony McGuckin (editor), 4009:. Liverpool Press. p. 525. 3788:Robertson, John Craigie (1854). 3566:, Second series, vol. VII, 3377:Although some scholars, such as 2855:, were severed from the rest of 2647: 2607:Basel–Ferrara–Florence (1431–42) 2444: 2398: 2380: 2371: 2370: 2360: 2351: 2350: 1789:Jacobite Syrian Christian Church 1660: 678:Belgium, Holland, and Luxembourg 218: 34: 9479:First seven ecumenical councils 9197:Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse 8071:Third Council of Constantinople 7995:First Council of Constantinople 5588:First seven ecumenical councils 5452:First seven ecumenical councils 5372:First seven ecumenical councils 5220:Patriarchate of the East Indies 5204:Patriarchate of the West Indies 4950:Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem 4595:, sorted according to earliest 4411:Pásztori-Kupán, István (2006). 4218: 4190:from the original on 2015-05-08 4159: 4127: 4104: 4081: 4058: 3998: 3955: 3945: 3930: 3921: 3912: 3903: 3894: 3885: 3876: 3855: 3846: 3837: 3818: 3809: 3791:History of the Christian Church 3725: 3716: 3707: 3649:The A to Z of the Coptic Church 3480: 3372:First Council of Constantinople 3320:and their followers as heretics 3260:Seventh Session – 31 August 431 2883:(which restored communion with 2853:Persian Empire of the Sassanids 2805:. The council declared Mary as 998:Christianization of Kievan Rus' 859:First Seven Ecumenical Councils 88:First Council of Constantinople 8310:Dissolution of the monasteries 7576:History of the Catholic Church 7251:Separation of church and state 6920:Formal and material principles 6905:Separation of church and state 5212:Latin Patriarchate of Ethiopia 4432:Seleznyov, Nikolai N. (2010). 4396:. Minneapolis: Fortess Press. 4393:The Christological Controversy 4166:Gumerlock, Francis X. (2004). 3664: 3655: 3651:. Scarecrow Press. p. 97. 3640: 3631: 3622: 3610: 3127:but to give judgment on them. 3089: 3008:, Greek for "Carrier of God". 2751:, "Christ-bearer" but not the 1: 8184:Fourth Council of the Lateran 8159:Second Council of the Lateran 7768:Apostles in the New Testament 6915:Hymnody of continental Europe 6066:Apostles in the New Testament 4839:Latin Patriarchate of Antioch 4215:. Retrieved January 28, 2010. 3530:Dictionary of the Middle Ages 3511: 2824:. Nestorius pleaded with the 2772: 1929:Non-Chalcedonian Christianity 1807:History of Oriental Orthodoxy 1767:French Coptic Orthodox Church 1428:Intercession of the Theotokos 1203:Opposition to papal supremacy 1022:Moscow–Constantinople schism 723:Switzerland and Liechtenstein 175:Documents and statements 9449:430s in the Byzantine Empire 8298:Catholic Counter-Reformation 8164:Third Council of the Lateran 8154:First Council of the Lateran 7610:Catholic ecumenical councils 3580:– via Internet Archive 3413: 3219:Fourth Session – 16 July 431 3201:Second Session – 10 July 431 2530:Constantinople III (680–681) 993:Christianization of Bulgaria 7: 9469:5th-century church councils 6363:Eastern Orthodox opposition 4134:Svigel, Michael J. (2003). 4113:The Orthodox Eastern Church 4070:(Taylor & Francis 2006 3831:The Church Quarterly Review 3493: 3432:The events created a major 3240:Sixth Session – 22 July 431 3228:Fifth Session – 17 July 431 3210:Third Session – 11 July 431 3162:First session – 22 June 431 3121: 2947:("Carrier of God") for the 2869:Assyrian Church of the East 2739:Patriarch of Constantinople 2540:Constantinople IV (869–870) 1548:Photios I of Constantinople 1065:20th century (Neo-Palamism) 988:Christianization of Georgia 42:Virgin Mary and child Jesus 10: 9540: 7644:History of the Roman Curia 6380:Art patronage of Julius II 4241: 3417: 3042:, charging Nestorius with 2930: 2890: 2873:Ancient Church of the East 2286:Apostolic Church-Ordinance 1924:Oriental Orthodox Theology 1669:Oriental Orthodox churches 1198:Opposition to the Filioque 741:Noncanonical jurisdictions 74:Oriental Orthodox Churches 18: 9423:American Standard Version 9395: 9344: 9316: 9280: 9164: 9055: 8969: 8837: 8765: 8665: 8531: 8458: 8393: 8380:European wars of religion 8277: 8212: 8114: 8036: 7927: 7850: 7710: 7699: 7691:Eastern Catholic Churches 7566: 7472: 7307: 7226: 7155: 7090: 7012: 6943: 6883:Calvinist–Arminian debate 6857: 6624: 6507: 6343: 6234: 6116: 6014: 5903: 5885: 5823: 5805:Conference of Addis Ababa 5720: 5673: 5618: 5573: 5439: 5370: 5310: 5289: 5244: 5189: 5130: 5056: 5011: 4971: 4964: 4914: 4849: 4766: 4719: 4683: 4663: 4642: 4585: 2991:Mary, the mother of Jesus 2721:in the church through an 1959:Anaphora of Saint Gregory 1435:The four fasting periods: 1316:Eastern Orthodox marriage 924:Other important councils: 780:American World Patriarchs 698:Great Britain and Ireland 190: 173: 155: 147: 137: 126: 113:Second Council of Ephesus 93: 81: 57: 49: 33: 28: 8511:Mary of the Divine Heart 8134:Clash against the empire 8086:Second Council of Nicaea 7980:Old St. Peter's Basilica 7372:Christian existentialism 5622:Oriental Orthodox Church 5160:Patriarchate of Bulgaria 5145:Patriarchate of Aquileia 4327:. Leiden-Boston: Brill. 4231:January 4, 2009, at the 4116:(Kessinger 2004 reprint 3827:"The Council of Ephesus" 3505:Second Council of Nicaea 2881:Chaldean Catholic Church 2847:. This precipitated the 2785:(Christ-bearer) but not 2141:Athanasius of Alexandria 1478:Athanasius of Alexandria 728:United States of America 520:Czech Lands and Slovakia 342:Four Marks of the Church 9474:Schisms in Christianity 9267:Woman of the Apocalypse 8777:Vatican City portal 8129:Investiture Controversy 7985:First Council of Nicaea 5879:History of Christianity 5797:Synod of Constantinople 5578:Eastern Orthodox Church 5322:Christianity portal 5274:(1992–2018; since 2019) 5258:Patriarchate of Romania 5166:Patriarchate of Georgia 5112:Patriarchate of Cilicia 4616:Eastern Orthodox Church 4321:Loon, Hans van (2009). 4250:Bethune-Baker, James F. 4213:Encyclopædia Britannica 3794:. John Murray. p. 3368:First Council of Nicaea 3332:First Council of Nicaea 3292:Canons and declarations 3246:First Council of Nicaea 2795:Patriarch of Alexandria 2525:Constantinople II (553) 2405:Christianity portal 2171:Dioscorus of Alexandria 2126:Nine Saints of Ethiopia 2121:Gregory the Illuminator 2057:Orthodox Tewahedo Bible 1831:Saint Thomas Christians 1311:Eastern Orthodox bowing 212:Eastern Orthodox Church 69:Eastern Orthodox Church 9524:Nature of Jesus Christ 9257:Three Angels' Messages 9237:Seven churches of Asia 8789:Catholicism portal 8600:Second Vatican Council 8486:Our Lady of La Salette 8293:Protestant Reformation 8280:Protestant Reformation 8199:Second Council of Lyon 7588:Ecclesiastical history 7440:Fourth Great Awakening 7327:Second Great Awakening 6566:Fall of Constantinople 6358:Development of primacy 5234:Patriarchate of Lisbon 5227:Patriarchate of Moscow 5179:Patriarchate of Venice 4449:Wessel, Susan (2004). 3687:Kelly, Joseph (2009). 3647:Gabra, Gawdat (2009). 3602:The Tertullian Project 3459:Theodore of Mopsuestia 3429: 3301: 3102: 2877:Chaldean Syrian Church 2861:Nestorian Christianity 2717:, an effort to attain 2654:Catholicism portal 2499:Constantinople I (381) 2231:Gregorios Abdal Jaleel 1984:Liturgy of Saint Cyril 1979:Liturgy of Saint Basil 1974:Liturgy of Saint James 1588:Eastern Orthodox cross 753:Spiritual Christianity 9514:Christian eschatology 9428:World English Version 9202:Four Living Creatures 8496:First Vatican Council 8194:First Council of Lyon 7958:Constantine the Great 7654:Christian monasticism 7435:Reformed epistemology 7377:Third Great Awakening 7347:Seventh-day Adventist 7268:First Great Awakening 7141:Book of Common Prayer 6935:Protestant work ethic 6478:Independent Catholics 6429:Monastery dissolution 5153:Patriarchate of Grado 4815:Maronite Patriarchate 4510:: Ephesus, Council of 4508:Catholic Encyclopedia 3772:Catholic Encyclopedia 3427: 3418:Further information: 3299: 3097: 2826:Eastern Roman Emperor 2777:Nestorius' doctrine, 2731:original Nicene Creed 2236:Geevarghese Gregorios 1947:Anaphora & Rites: 1942:Liturgy and practices 1598:Statistics by country 1523:Maximus the Confessor 951:Constantinople (1872) 181:original Nicene Creed 53:22 June – 31 July 431 8673:Sexual abuse scandal 8582:Mit brennender Sorge 8425:Age of Enlightenment 8204:Bernard of Clairvaux 8081:Byzantine Iconoclasm 8020:Council of Chalcedon 7800:Council of Jerusalem 7669:Role in civilization 7649:Religious institutes 7581:By country or region 7258:Edicts of toleration 7067:Three Forms of Unity 6832:Bohemian Reformation 6405:Catholic Reformation 6262:Roman state religion 6081:Council of Jerusalem 5813:Pan-Orthodox Council 5272:Patriarchate of Kyiv 3768:"Council of Ephesus" 3693:. Liturgical Press. 3439:Council of Chalcedon 3312:Canon 1–5 condemned 3254:Council of Chalcedon 3250:Juvenal of Jerusalem 2859:and became known as 2741:, who held that the 2725:representing all of 2638:Vatican II (1962–65) 2271:Patriarch of Antioch 1838:Ecumenical Councils: 1801:History and theology 1726:Independent churches 1533:Theodore the Studite 1498:Gregory of Nazianzus 1356:Russian bell ringing 1281:Liturgical entrances 1091:Essence vs. Energies 1086:Contemplative prayer 839:Evangelical Orthodox 661:Episcopal assemblies 384:Ecumenical Patriarch 337:Apostolic succession 179:Confirmation of the 103:Council of Chalcedon 9227:Number of the Beast 8501:Papal infallibility 8491:Our Lady of Lourdes 8440:Shimabara Rebellion 8284:Counter-Reformation 7430:Liberation theology 7337:Jehovah's Witnesses 7170:Radical Reformation 6898:Resistance theories 6785:Christian mysticism 6780:Early Scholasticism 6492:Ecclesial community 6390:Counter-Reformation 6255:Constantinian shift 5710:Synod of Beth Lapat 5364:Ecumenical councils 5001:Archbishop of Tunis 4065:Johannes Roldanus, 3971:J. B. Bury (1958). 3927:McGuckin, pp. 77–78 3909:McGuckin, pp. 58–59 3900:McGuckin, pp. 60–65 3861:McGuckin, pp. 54–56 3852:McGuckin, pp. 57–58 3713:McGuckin, pp. 53–54 3670:McGuckin, pp. 22–23 3637:McGuckin, pp. 19–21 3618:Mary, Mother of God 3300:Cyril of Alexandria 3234:Apollinarian heresy 3033:Cyril of Alexandria 2927:Theological context 2913:Cyril of Alexandria 2706:) in AD 431 by the 2633:Vatican I (1869–70) 2625:19th–20th centuries 2612:Lateran V (1512–17) 2602:Constance (1414–18) 2594:15th–16th centuries 2548:12th–14th centuries 2463:Ecumenical councils 2344:Links and resources 2266:Catholicos of India 2106:Cyril of Alexandria 1757:Autonomous churches 1745:Malabar Independent 1543:Cyril and Methodius 1513:Cyril of Alexandria 1400:Liturgical calendar 1216:Liturgy and worship 852:Ecumenical councils 255:History of theology 142:Cyril of Alexandria 9484:Catholic Mariology 9464:Theodosian dynasty 9454:Church of the East 9418:King James Version 8831:Book of Revelation 8546:Our Lady of Fátima 8335:Ignatius of Loyola 8259:Catherine of Siena 8227:Pope Boniface VIII 8046:Benedict of Nursia 8015:Council of Ephesus 7852:Ante-Nicene period 7805:Split with Judaism 7639:Crusading movement 7504:Oriental Orthodoxy 7147:King James Version 6959:Ninety-five Theses 6755:Apostolic Brethren 6529:Church of the East 6524:Oriental Orthodoxy 6370:Crusading movement 5890:Early Christianity 5789:Synod of Jerusalem 5702:Seleucia-Ctesiphon 5677:Church of the East 5421:Constantinople III 5017:Seleucia-Ctesiphon 4628:Oriental Orthodoxy 4532:2000-08-16 at the 4414:Theodoret of Cyrus 4111:Adrian Fortescue, 3527:(1989). "Papacy". 3525:Richard Kieckhefer 3430: 3420:Church of the East 3366:as adopted by the 3302: 3103: 3075:Andrew of Samosata 3038:Cyril appealed to 2865:Church of the East 2834:Approximately 250 2745:may be called the 2715:ecumenical council 2698:(near present-day 2692:Council of Ephesus 2566:Lateran III (1179) 2291:Coptic monasticism 2206:Michael the Syrian 2181:Abraham of Farshut 2176:Severus of Antioch 1653:Oriental Orthodoxy 1493:Cyril of Jerusalem 1423:Feast of Orthodoxy 718:Spain and Portugal 226:Christ Pantocrator 29:Council of Ephesus 9436: 9435: 8797: 8796: 8757:COVID-19 pandemic 8735:Pope Benedict XVI 8640:Pope John Paul II 8415:Pope Benedict XIV 8401:French Revolution 8385:Thirty Years' War 8375:Robert Bellarmine 8360:John of the Cross 8264:Pope Alexander VI 8249:Council of Vienne 8179:Francis of Assisi 8169:Pope Innocent III 8038:Early Middle Ages 8032: 8031: 8028: 8027: 7970:Arian controversy 7923: 7922: 7871:Apostolic Fathers 7522: 7521: 7499:Eastern Orthodoxy 7367:Finnish Awakening 7322:Holiness movement 7263:Congregationalism 7222: 7221: 7082:Metrical psalters 6519:Eastern Orthodoxy 6463:Neo-Scholasticism 6170:Canon development 6071:Jewish Christians 5845: 5844: 5773:Quinisext Council 5674:Recognized by the 5619:Recognized by the 5596:Constantinople IV 5574:Recognized by the 5459:Constantinople IV 5441:Recognized by the 5413:Constantinople II 5330: 5329: 5126: 5125: 5122: 5121: 4960: 4959: 4482:Life of the Saint 4462:978-0-19-926846-7 4306:. Leiden: Brill. 4298:McGuckin, John A. 4274:Grillmeier, Aloys 4176:Fides et Historia 4122:978-1-4179-1060-1 4099:978-1-4443-9254-8 4076:978-0-415-40903-2 3984:978-0-486-20398-0 3539:978-0-684-18275-9 3471:School of Nisibis 3354:was to be called 3052:suffragan bishops 2939:School of Antioch 2896:Political context 2688: 2687: 2571:Lateran IV (1215) 2561:Lateran II (1139) 2517:6th–9th centuries 2486:4th–5th centuries 2439: 2438: 2306:Coonan Cross Oath 2221:Giyorgis of Segla 2146:Ephrem the Syrian 1703:Orthodox Tewahedo 1637: 1636: 1488:Basil of Caesarea 1483:Ephrem the Syrian 1366:Sign of the cross 1341:Paschal troparion 1121:Mystical theology 931:Quinisext Council 632:Semi-Autonomous: 277:View of salvation 197: 196: 115:(not accepted by 107:Oriental Orthodox 105:(not accepted by 9531: 9509:Premillennialism 9413:Wycliffe Version 9336:Textual variants 9262:Whore of Babylon 9177:Abaddon/Apollyon 8824: 8817: 8810: 8801: 8800: 8787: 8786: 8775: 8774: 8773: 8752:Patriarch Kirill 8625:Pope John Paul I 8430:Anti-clericalism 8410:Pope Innocent XI 8330:Society of Jesus 8315:Council of Trent 8269:Age of Discovery 8214:Late Middle Ages 8116:High Middle Ages 8106:East–West Schism 7990:Pope Sylvester I 7936: 7935: 7925: 7924: 7835:General epistles 7830:Pauline epistles 7763:John the Baptist 7746:Great Commission 7708: 7707: 7659:Catholic culture 7549: 7542: 7535: 7526: 7525: 6941: 6940: 6328:Non-Chalcedonian 6309:Constantinople I 6101:General epistles 6096:Pauline epistles 6076:Paul the Apostle 6054:Great Commission 5872: 5865: 5858: 5849: 5848: 5836: 5833: 5816: 5808: 5800: 5792: 5784: 5776: 5768: 5752: 5740: 5713: 5705: 5697: 5694:Constantinople I 5689: 5666: 5658: 5650: 5642: 5639:Constantinople I 5634: 5611: 5607:Constantinople V 5601: 5590: 5580: 5566: 5558: 5550: 5542: 5534: 5526: 5518: 5510: 5502: 5494: 5486: 5478: 5470: 5462: 5454: 5432: 5424: 5416: 5408: 5400: 5392: 5389:Constantinople I 5384: 5357: 5350: 5343: 5334: 5333: 5320: 5319: 5297:Apostolic Throne 5280: 5266: 5251: 5196: 5191:Early Modern era 5137: 5105: 5097: 5088: 5076: 5066: 5022: 4985: 4969: 4968: 4943: 4928: 4884: 4864: 4801: 4791: 4781: 4757: 4734: 4697: 4681: 4680: 4677: 4661: 4660: 4657: 4629: 4624: 4613: 4568: 4561: 4554: 4545: 4544: 4466: 4445: 4428: 4424:978-1-13439176-9 4407: 4403:978-0-80061411-9 4386: 4382:978-0-88141056-3 4367:Meyendorff, John 4362: 4358:978-1-10745076-9 4343:Loofs, Friedrich 4338: 4317: 4293: 4289:978-0-66422301-4 4269: 4265:978-1-10743298-7 4235: 4222: 4216: 4206: 4200: 4199: 4197: 4195: 4189: 4172: 4163: 4157: 4156: 4154: 4152: 4131: 4125: 4108: 4102: 4085: 4079: 4062: 4056: 4055: 4048: 4042: 4041: 4035: 4030: 4028: 4020: 4002: 3996: 3995: 3993: 3991: 3968: 3962: 3959: 3953: 3949: 3943: 3942: 3934: 3928: 3925: 3919: 3916: 3910: 3907: 3901: 3898: 3892: 3889: 3883: 3880: 3874: 3871: 3862: 3859: 3853: 3850: 3844: 3841: 3835: 3834: 3822: 3816: 3813: 3807: 3806: 3804: 3802: 3785: 3776: 3775: 3764: 3743: 3742: 3740: 3739: 3729: 3723: 3720: 3714: 3711: 3705: 3704: 3684: 3671: 3668: 3662: 3659: 3653: 3652: 3644: 3638: 3635: 3629: 3626: 3620: 3614: 3608: 3605: 3592: 3581: 3565: 3553: 3542: 3522: 3500:Marian devotions 3463:School of Edessa 3387:premillennialism 3272: 3271: 3267: 3040:Pope Celestine I 2849:Nestorian Schism 2818:Pope Celestine I 2729:, confirmed the 2680: 2673: 2666: 2652: 2651: 2586:Vienne (1311–12) 2556:Lateran I (1123) 2478: 2448: 2441: 2440: 2431: 2424: 2417: 2403: 2402: 2384: 2383: 2374: 2373: 2364: 2363: 2354: 2353: 2326:Tewahedo fasting 2281:Ethiopian titles 2196:Gregory of Narek 2191:Simon the Tanner 2081:St. Thomas Cross 1969:West Syriac Rite 1954:Alexandrian Rite 1850:Constantinople I 1821:Tewahedo history 1664: 1654: 1639: 1638: 1629: 1622: 1615: 1528:John of Damascus 1503:Gregory of Nyssa 1331:Paschal greeting 1296:Memorial service 1106:Hypostatic union 983:Byzantine Empire 768:Old Calendarists 389:Episcopal polity 332:Christian Church 222: 199: 198: 127:Convoked by 83:Previous council 58:Accepted by 38: 26: 25: 9539: 9538: 9534: 9533: 9532: 9530: 9529: 9528: 9439: 9438: 9437: 9432: 9391: 9340: 9312: 9276: 9182:Alpha and Omega 9169: 9160: 9051: 8965: 8844: 8833: 8828: 8798: 8793: 8781: 8771: 8769: 8761: 8683:World Youth Day 8661: 8650:World Youth Day 8594:Pacem in terris 8588:Pope John XXIII 8527: 8454: 8445:Edict of Nantes 8403: 8399: 8389: 8355:Teresa of Ávila 8350:Tridentine Mass 8286: 8282: 8273: 8254:Knights Templar 8208: 8110: 8066:Gregorian chant 8024: 7950: 7947: 7944: 7942: 7931: 7919: 7846: 7715: 7703: 7695: 7562: 7560:Catholic Church 7553: 7523: 7518: 7468: 7455:Christian right 7357:Oxford Movement 7332:Restorationists 7303: 7218: 7151: 7086: 7037:Presbyterianism 7008: 6988:Book of Concord 6939: 6863: 6861: 6853: 6620: 6510: 6503: 6339: 6238: 6230: 6189:Clement of Rome 6119: 6112: 6016: 6010: 5899: 5881: 5876: 5846: 5841: 5840: 5839: 5834: 5830: 5819: 5811: 5803: 5795: 5787: 5779: 5771: 5755: 5743: 5727: 5716: 5708: 5700: 5692: 5684: 5675: 5669: 5661: 5653: 5645: 5637: 5629: 5620: 5614: 5604: 5593: 5586: 5576: 5575: 5569: 5561: 5553: 5545: 5537: 5529: 5521: 5513: 5505: 5497: 5489: 5481: 5473: 5465: 5457: 5450: 5443:Catholic Church 5442: 5435: 5427: 5419: 5411: 5403: 5395: 5387: 5379: 5366: 5361: 5331: 5326: 5314: 5306: 5285: 5278: 5264: 5249: 5248: 5246:Late Modern era 5240: 5194: 5193: 5185: 5135: 5134: 5118: 5103: 5095: 5086: 5074: 5064: 5052: 5020: 5019: 5007: 4979: 4956: 4941: 4922: 4910: 4882: 4858: 4857: 4845: 4799: 4789: 4775: 4774: 4762: 4755: 4728: 4727: 4715: 4691: 4673: 4670: 4668: 4667: 4655: 4654: 4648: 4645: 4638: 4627: 4619: 4611: 4607:Catholic Church 4600: 4581: 4572: 4534:Wayback Machine 4518: 4474: 4472:Further reading 4469: 4463: 4425: 4404: 4383: 4359: 4335: 4334:978-900417322-4 4314: 4313:978-900431290-6 4290: 4266: 4244: 4239: 4238: 4233:Wayback Machine 4223: 4219: 4207: 4203: 4193: 4191: 4187: 4170: 4164: 4160: 4150: 4148: 4141:Trinity Journal 4132: 4128: 4109: 4105: 4086: 4082: 4063: 4059: 4050: 4049: 4045: 4036:value: length ( 4033: 4031: 4022: 4021: 4017: 4003: 3999: 3989: 3987: 3985: 3969: 3965: 3961:McGuckin, p. 59 3960: 3956: 3950: 3946: 3935: 3931: 3926: 3922: 3918:McGuckin, p. 77 3917: 3913: 3908: 3904: 3899: 3895: 3891:McGuckin, p. 60 3890: 3886: 3881: 3877: 3873:McGuckin, p. 57 3872: 3865: 3860: 3856: 3851: 3847: 3843:McGuckin, p. 55 3842: 3838: 3823: 3819: 3815:McGuckin, p. 54 3814: 3810: 3800: 3798: 3786: 3779: 3766: 3765: 3746: 3737: 3735: 3731: 3730: 3726: 3722:McGuckin, p. 53 3721: 3717: 3712: 3708: 3701: 3685: 3674: 3669: 3665: 3661:McGuckin, p. 21 3660: 3656: 3645: 3641: 3636: 3632: 3628:McGuckin, p. 12 3627: 3623: 3615: 3611: 3578: 3554: 3545: 3523: 3519: 3514: 3496: 3483: 3422: 3416: 3395: 3352:The Virgin Mary 3325:excommunication 3294: 3286:excommunication 3273: 3269: 3265: 3263: 3262: 3242: 3230: 3221: 3212: 3203: 3181:John of Antioch 3177: 3164: 3156:John of Antioch 3124: 3092: 3067:John of Antioch 2935: 2929: 2898: 2893: 2822:excommunication 2775: 2684: 2646: 2617:Trent (1545–63) 2535:Nicaea II (787) 2509:Chalcedon (451) 2481: 2468:Catholic Church 2465: 2435: 2397: 2392: 2391: 2390: 2345: 2337: 2336: 2335: 2316:Fast of Nineveh 2311:Ethiopian chant 2250: 2242: 2241: 2240: 2166:Mesrop Mashtots 2100: 2092: 2091: 2090: 2086:Ethiopian cross 2061: 2032: 1998: 1943: 1935: 1934: 1933: 1909: 1835: 1802: 1794: 1793: 1758: 1750: 1749: 1727: 1719: 1652: 1633: 1604: 1603: 1602: 1567: 1559: 1558: 1557: 1553:Gregory Palamas 1508:John Chrysostom 1472: 1464: 1463: 1462: 1432: 1412:12 Great Feasts 1402: 1392: 1391: 1390: 1286:Liturgical fans 1228:Divine Services 1218: 1208: 1207: 1189: 1054: 1044: 1043: 1042: 967: 957: 956: 955: 921: 902: 854: 844: 843: 835: 784: 763:Catacomb Church 742: 734: 733: 732: 703:Italy and Malta 662: 654: 653: 652: 630: 621:Bessarabia (RP) 585: 574: 573: 572: 570: 568: 545: 529: 525:North Macedonia 448: 437: 436: 435: 363: 353: 352: 351: 320: 317: 302: 294: 232: 176: 122: 96: 84: 64:Catholic Church 45: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 9537: 9527: 9526: 9521: 9516: 9511: 9506: 9501: 9496: 9491: 9486: 9481: 9476: 9471: 9466: 9461: 9456: 9451: 9434: 9433: 9431: 9430: 9425: 9420: 9415: 9410: 9405: 9399: 9397: 9393: 9392: 9390: 9389: 9384: 9379: 9374: 9369: 9364: 9359: 9354: 9348: 9346: 9342: 9341: 9339: 9338: 9333: 9332: 9331: 9329:John of Patmos 9320: 9318: 9314: 9313: 9311: 9310: 9305: 9300: 9295: 9290: 9284: 9282: 9281:Interpretation 9278: 9277: 9275: 9274: 9269: 9264: 9259: 9254: 9249: 9247:Seven trumpets 9244: 9239: 9234: 9229: 9224: 9219: 9214: 9209: 9204: 9199: 9194: 9189: 9184: 9179: 9173: 9171: 9170:Terms/ Phrases 9162: 9161: 9159: 9158: 9153: 9148: 9143: 9138: 9133: 9128: 9123: 9118: 9113: 9108: 9103: 9095: 9090: 9085: 9080: 9075: 9070: 9065: 9059: 9057: 9053: 9052: 9050: 9049: 9044: 9039: 9034: 9029: 9024: 9019: 9014: 9009: 9004: 8999: 8994: 8989: 8984: 8979: 8973: 8971: 8967: 8966: 8964: 8963: 8958: 8953: 8948: 8943: 8938: 8933: 8928: 8923: 8918: 8913: 8908: 8903: 8898: 8893: 8888: 8883: 8878: 8873: 8868: 8863: 8858: 8852: 8850: 8835: 8834: 8827: 8826: 8819: 8812: 8804: 8795: 8794: 8792: 8791: 8779: 8766: 8763: 8762: 8760: 8759: 8754: 8749: 8742: 8737: 8732: 8731: 8730: 8725: 8720: 8715: 8710: 8705: 8700: 8695: 8690: 8680: 8675: 8669: 8667: 8663: 8662: 8660: 8659: 8658: 8657: 8647: 8642: 8637: 8632: 8627: 8622: 8612: 8607: 8602: 8597: 8590: 8585: 8578: 8573: 8571:Lateran Treaty 8568: 8563: 8558: 8553: 8548: 8543: 8537: 8535: 8529: 8528: 8526: 8525: 8518: 8513: 8508: 8503: 8498: 8493: 8488: 8483: 8478: 8473: 8468: 8462: 8460: 8456: 8455: 8453: 8452: 8447: 8442: 8437: 8432: 8427: 8422: 8417: 8412: 8406: 8404: 8396:Baroque period 8394: 8391: 8390: 8388: 8387: 8382: 8377: 8372: 8367: 8365:Peter Canisius 8362: 8357: 8352: 8347: 8342: 8340:Francis Xavier 8337: 8332: 8327: 8322: 8317: 8312: 8307: 8304:Exsurge Domine 8300: 8295: 8289: 8287: 8278: 8275: 8274: 8272: 8271: 8266: 8261: 8256: 8251: 8246: 8244:Pope Clement V 8241: 8240: 8239: 8237:Avignon Papacy 8232:Western Schism 8229: 8224: 8222:Thomas Aquinas 8218: 8216: 8210: 8209: 8207: 8206: 8201: 8196: 8191: 8186: 8181: 8176: 8171: 8166: 8161: 8156: 8151: 8146: 8141: 8136: 8131: 8126: 8120: 8118: 8112: 8111: 8109: 8108: 8103: 8098: 8093: 8088: 8083: 8078: 8076:Saint Boniface 8073: 8068: 8063: 8061:Pope Gregory I 8058: 8053: 8048: 8042: 8040: 8034: 8033: 8030: 8029: 8026: 8025: 8023: 8022: 8017: 8012: 8007: 8002: 8000:Biblical canon 7997: 7992: 7987: 7982: 7977: 7972: 7967: 7966: 7965: 7954: 7952: 7933: 7929:Late antiquity 7921: 7920: 7918: 7917: 7912: 7907: 7902: 7897: 7896: 7895: 7890: 7889: 7888: 7883: 7878: 7876:Pope Clement I 7866:Church Fathers 7863: 7857: 7855: 7848: 7847: 7845: 7844: 7843: 7842: 7837: 7832: 7827: 7822: 7817: 7807: 7802: 7797: 7792: 7791: 7790: 7785: 7780: 7775: 7765: 7760: 7755: 7750: 7749: 7748: 7743: 7738: 7733: 7722: 7720: 7705: 7697: 7696: 7694: 7693: 7688: 7683: 7678: 7673: 7672: 7671: 7666: 7656: 7651: 7646: 7641: 7636: 7635: 7634: 7629: 7627:Biblical canon 7622:Catholic Bible 7619: 7618: 7617: 7607: 7606: 7605: 7595: 7590: 7585: 7584: 7583: 7572: 7570: 7564: 7563: 7552: 7551: 7544: 7537: 7529: 7520: 7519: 7517: 7516: 7511: 7506: 7501: 7496: 7491: 7490: 7489: 7484: 7473: 7470: 7469: 7467: 7466: 7461: 7452: 7442: 7437: 7432: 7427: 7422: 7420:Pentecostalism 7417: 7415:Jesus movement 7412: 7404: 7399: 7394: 7389: 7384: 7379: 7374: 7369: 7364: 7359: 7354: 7349: 7344: 7339: 7334: 7329: 7324: 7319: 7313: 7311: 7305: 7304: 7302: 7301: 7292: 7291: 7290: 7280: 7275: 7270: 7265: 7260: 7255: 7254: 7253: 7243: 7238: 7232: 7230: 7224: 7223: 7220: 7219: 7217: 7216: 7209: 7206:Martyrs Mirror 7202: 7197: 7192: 7190:Martyrs' Synod 7187: 7182: 7180:Swiss Brethren 7177: 7172: 7167: 7161: 7159: 7153: 7152: 7150: 7149: 7144: 7137: 7132: 7127: 7122: 7117: 7112: 7107: 7102: 7096: 7094: 7088: 7087: 7085: 7084: 7079: 7074: 7069: 7064: 7059: 7054: 7049: 7044: 7039: 7034: 7029: 7024: 7018: 7016: 7010: 7009: 7007: 7006: 7001: 6996: 6991: 6984: 6979: 6978: 6977: 6972: 6967: 6962: 6949: 6947: 6938: 6937: 6932: 6927: 6925:Law and Gospel 6922: 6917: 6912: 6907: 6902: 6901: 6900: 6890: 6885: 6880: 6875: 6869: 6867: 6855: 6854: 6852: 6851: 6850: 6849: 6839: 6834: 6829: 6824: 6819: 6814: 6813: 6812: 6802: 6797: 6792: 6787: 6782: 6777: 6772: 6767: 6762: 6757: 6752: 6747: 6742: 6737: 6732: 6727: 6722: 6717: 6716: 6715: 6710: 6705: 6700: 6695: 6690: 6680: 6679: 6678: 6677: 6676: 6666: 6661: 6656: 6646: 6641: 6636: 6630: 6628: 6622: 6621: 6619: 6618: 6613: 6608: 6606:Ottoman Empire 6603: 6598: 6593: 6588: 6583: 6578: 6573: 6568: 6563: 6558: 6557: 6556: 6551: 6541: 6536: 6531: 6526: 6521: 6515: 6513: 6505: 6504: 6502: 6501: 6496: 6495: 6494: 6480: 6475: 6470: 6465: 6460: 6455: 6450: 6445: 6436: 6431: 6426: 6421: 6420: 6419: 6418: 6417: 6407: 6402: 6397: 6387: 6382: 6377: 6372: 6367: 6366: 6365: 6360: 6349: 6347: 6341: 6340: 6338: 6337: 6335:Biblical canon 6332: 6331: 6330: 6316: 6311: 6306: 6301: 6296: 6291: 6290: 6289: 6284: 6274: 6269: 6264: 6259: 6258: 6257: 6246: 6244: 6236:Late antiquity 6232: 6231: 6229: 6228: 6223: 6222: 6221: 6216: 6211: 6206: 6201: 6196: 6191: 6184:Church Fathers 6177: 6172: 6167: 6166: 6165: 6160: 6155: 6150: 6145: 6140: 6135: 6124: 6122: 6114: 6113: 6111: 6110: 6109: 6108: 6103: 6098: 6093: 6088: 6078: 6073: 6068: 6063: 6058: 6057: 6056: 6051: 6046: 6041: 6036: 6026: 6020: 6018: 6012: 6011: 6009: 6008: 6003: 5998: 5993: 5988: 5983: 5978: 5973: 5968: 5963: 5958: 5953: 5948: 5943: 5938: 5933: 5928: 5923: 5918: 5913: 5907: 5905: 5901: 5900: 5898: 5897: 5892: 5886: 5883: 5882: 5875: 5874: 5867: 5860: 5852: 5843: 5842: 5838: 5837: 5827: 5826: 5824: 5821: 5820: 5818: 5817: 5809: 5801: 5793: 5785: 5781:Synod of Jassy 5777: 5769: 5753: 5741: 5724: 5722: 5718: 5717: 5715: 5714: 5706: 5698: 5690: 5681: 5679: 5671: 5670: 5668: 5667: 5659: 5651: 5643: 5635: 5626: 5624: 5616: 5615: 5613: 5612: 5602: 5591: 5583: 5581: 5571: 5570: 5568: 5567: 5559: 5551: 5543: 5535: 5531:Basel-Florence 5527: 5519: 5511: 5503: 5495: 5487: 5479: 5471: 5463: 5455: 5447: 5445: 5437: 5436: 5434: 5433: 5425: 5417: 5409: 5401: 5393: 5385: 5376: 5374: 5368: 5367: 5360: 5359: 5352: 5345: 5337: 5328: 5327: 5325: 5324: 5311: 5308: 5307: 5305: 5304: 5299: 5293: 5291: 5287: 5286: 5284: 5283: 5275: 5269: 5261: 5254: 5252: 5242: 5241: 5239: 5238: 5230: 5224: 5216: 5208: 5199: 5197: 5187: 5186: 5184: 5183: 5175: 5169: 5163: 5157: 5149: 5140: 5138: 5128: 5127: 5124: 5123: 5120: 5119: 5117: 5116: 5108: 5100: 5092: 5081: 5080: 5069: 5067: 5054: 5053: 5051: 5050: 5042: 5034: 5025: 5023: 5009: 5008: 5006: 5005: 4997: 4988: 4986: 4966: 4962: 4961: 4958: 4957: 4955: 4954: 4946: 4938: 4931: 4929: 4912: 4911: 4909: 4908: 4900: 4892: 4878: 4867: 4865: 4847: 4846: 4844: 4843: 4835: 4827: 4819: 4811: 4805: 4795: 4784: 4782: 4764: 4763: 4761: 4760: 4752: 4744: 4737: 4735: 4725:Constantinople 4717: 4716: 4714: 4713: 4700: 4698: 4678: 4658: 4640: 4639: 4633:italic blue = 4586: 4583: 4582: 4571: 4570: 4563: 4556: 4548: 4542: 4541: 4536: 4524: 4517: 4516:External links 4514: 4513: 4512: 4504: 4473: 4470: 4468: 4467: 4461: 4446: 4444:(3–4): 165–90. 4429: 4423: 4408: 4402: 4387: 4381: 4363: 4357: 4339: 4333: 4318: 4312: 4294: 4288: 4270: 4264: 4245: 4243: 4240: 4237: 4236: 4217: 4201: 4158: 4126: 4103: 4080: 4057: 4043: 4015: 3997: 3983: 3963: 3954: 3944: 3941:. p. 115. 3929: 3920: 3911: 3902: 3893: 3884: 3875: 3863: 3854: 3845: 3836: 3817: 3808: 3777: 3744: 3724: 3715: 3706: 3699: 3672: 3663: 3654: 3639: 3630: 3621: 3609: 3607: 3606: 3593: 3582: 3576: 3543: 3516: 3515: 3513: 3510: 3509: 3508: 3502: 3495: 3492: 3482: 3479: 3415: 3412: 3394: 3391: 3344: 3343: 3342:transgressed". 3335: 3328: 3321: 3293: 3290: 3261: 3258: 3241: 3238: 3229: 3226: 3220: 3217: 3211: 3208: 3202: 3199: 3176: 3173: 3163: 3160: 3123: 3120: 3091: 3088: 3048:excommunicated 3013:consubstantial 2928: 2925: 2909:Constantinople 2897: 2894: 2892: 2889: 2774: 2771: 2759:Church of Mary 2686: 2685: 2683: 2682: 2675: 2668: 2660: 2657: 2656: 2643: 2642: 2641: 2640: 2635: 2627: 2626: 2622: 2621: 2620: 2619: 2614: 2609: 2604: 2596: 2595: 2591: 2590: 2589: 2588: 2583: 2581:Lyon II (1274) 2578: 2573: 2568: 2563: 2558: 2550: 2549: 2545: 2544: 2543: 2542: 2537: 2532: 2527: 2519: 2518: 2514: 2513: 2512: 2511: 2506: 2501: 2496: 2494:Nicaea I (325) 2488: 2487: 2483: 2482: 2479: 2471: 2470: 2459: 2458: 2450: 2449: 2437: 2436: 2434: 2433: 2426: 2419: 2411: 2408: 2407: 2394: 2393: 2389: 2388: 2378: 2368: 2358: 2347: 2346: 2343: 2342: 2339: 2338: 2334: 2333: 2328: 2323: 2321:Coptic fasting 2318: 2313: 2308: 2303: 2298: 2293: 2288: 2283: 2278: 2273: 2268: 2263: 2258: 2252: 2251: 2249:Related topics 2248: 2247: 2244: 2243: 2239: 2238: 2233: 2228: 2223: 2218: 2216:Tekle Haymanot 2213: 2208: 2203: 2198: 2193: 2188: 2183: 2178: 2173: 2168: 2163: 2158: 2153: 2148: 2143: 2138: 2133: 2128: 2123: 2118: 2113: 2108: 2102: 2101: 2098: 2097: 2094: 2093: 2089: 2088: 2083: 2078: 2076:Armenian Cross 2073: 2067: 2066: 2065: 2060: 2059: 2054: 2052:Armenian Bible 2049: 2044: 2038: 2037: 2036: 2031: 2030: 2025: 2020: 2015: 2010: 2004: 2003: 2002: 1997: 1996: 1991: 1989:Malankara Rite 1986: 1981: 1976: 1971: 1966: 1961: 1956: 1950: 1949: 1948: 1944: 1941: 1940: 1937: 1936: 1932: 1931: 1926: 1921: 1915: 1914: 1913: 1908: 1907: 1902: 1897: 1892: 1887: 1882: 1877: 1872: 1867: 1862: 1857: 1852: 1847: 1841: 1840: 1839: 1834: 1833: 1828: 1826:Syriac history 1823: 1818: 1816:Coptic history 1812: 1811: 1810: 1803: 1800: 1799: 1796: 1795: 1792: 1791: 1782: 1776:Constantinople 1769: 1759: 1756: 1755: 1752: 1751: 1748: 1747: 1738: 1728: 1725: 1724: 1721: 1720: 1718: 1717: 1716: 1715: 1710: 1700: 1695: 1690: 1685: 1680: 1674: 1671: 1670: 1666: 1665: 1657: 1656: 1648: 1647: 1635: 1634: 1632: 1631: 1624: 1617: 1609: 1606: 1605: 1601: 1600: 1595: 1590: 1585: 1580: 1575: 1569: 1568: 1565: 1564: 1561: 1560: 1556: 1555: 1550: 1545: 1540: 1535: 1530: 1525: 1520: 1515: 1510: 1505: 1500: 1495: 1490: 1485: 1480: 1474: 1473: 1470: 1469: 1466: 1465: 1461: 1460: 1454: 1452:Apostles' Fast 1449: 1444: 1438: 1437: 1436: 1431: 1430: 1425: 1419: 1418: 1417: 1414: 1409: 1403: 1398: 1397: 1394: 1393: 1389: 1388: 1386:Use of incense 1383: 1378: 1373: 1368: 1363: 1358: 1353: 1348: 1343: 1338: 1336:Paschal Homily 1333: 1328: 1323: 1318: 1313: 1308: 1303: 1301:Memory Eternal 1298: 1293: 1288: 1283: 1278: 1273: 1268: 1263: 1258: 1253: 1248: 1243: 1238: 1232: 1231: 1230: 1225: 1223:Divine Liturgy 1219: 1214: 1213: 1210: 1209: 1206: 1205: 1200: 1195: 1188: 1187: 1180: 1173: 1168: 1163: 1156: 1151: 1146: 1133: 1128: 1123: 1118: 1113: 1108: 1103: 1098: 1093: 1088: 1083: 1078: 1072: 1071: 1070: 1069: 1068: 1055: 1050: 1049: 1046: 1045: 1041: 1040: 1039: 1038: 1033: 1028: 1020: 1015: 1013:Ottoman Empire 1010: 1005: 1000: 995: 990: 985: 980: 975: 973:Church Fathers 969: 968: 963: 962: 959: 958: 954: 953: 948: 943: 938: 933: 927: 926: 925: 920: 919: 914: 908: 907: 906: 901: 900: 895: 890: 885: 880: 875: 870: 864: 863: 862: 855: 850: 849: 846: 845: 842: 841: 834: 833: 832: 831: 826: 821: 816: 811: 806: 801: 793: 792: 791: 783: 782: 777: 772: 771: 770: 765: 758:True Orthodoxy 755: 750: 744: 743: 740: 739: 736: 735: 731: 730: 725: 720: 715: 710: 705: 700: 695: 690: 685: 680: 675: 670: 664: 663: 660: 659: 656: 655: 651: 650: 645: 640: 634: 629: 628: 623: 618: 613: 608: 603: 598: 593: 587: 586: 580: 579: 576: 575: 567: 566: 560: 556: 555: 549: 544: 543: 537: 528: 527: 522: 517: 512: 507: 502: 497: 492: 487: 482: 477: 472: 467: 462: 457: 455:Constantinople 451: 449: 443: 442: 439: 438: 434: 433: 428: 427: 426: 416: 411: 406: 401: 396: 391: 386: 381: 376: 371: 365: 364: 359: 358: 355: 354: 350: 349: 344: 339: 334: 329: 323: 322: 321: 306: 303: 300: 299: 296: 295: 293: 292: 287: 280: 273: 271:Holy Mysteries 268: 266:Church history 263: 258: 248: 242: 239: 238: 234: 233: 223: 215: 214: 208: 207: 195: 194: 188: 187: 177: 174: 171: 170: 157: 153: 152: 149: 145: 144: 139: 135: 134: 128: 124: 123: 121: 120: 110: 99: 97: 94: 91: 90: 85: 82: 79: 78: 77: 76: 71: 66: 59: 55: 54: 51: 47: 46: 39: 31: 30: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9536: 9525: 9522: 9520: 9517: 9515: 9512: 9510: 9507: 9505: 9504:Theodosius II 9502: 9500: 9497: 9495: 9492: 9490: 9487: 9485: 9482: 9480: 9477: 9475: 9472: 9470: 9467: 9465: 9462: 9460: 9457: 9455: 9452: 9450: 9447: 9446: 9444: 9429: 9426: 9424: 9421: 9419: 9416: 9414: 9411: 9409: 9408:Latin Vulgate 9406: 9404: 9401: 9400: 9398: 9394: 9388: 9385: 9383: 9380: 9378: 9375: 9373: 9370: 9368: 9365: 9363: 9360: 9358: 9355: 9353: 9350: 9349: 9347: 9343: 9337: 9334: 9330: 9327: 9326: 9325: 9322: 9321: 9319: 9315: 9309: 9306: 9304: 9301: 9299: 9296: 9294: 9291: 9289: 9286: 9285: 9283: 9279: 9273: 9270: 9268: 9265: 9263: 9260: 9258: 9255: 9253: 9250: 9248: 9245: 9243: 9240: 9238: 9235: 9233: 9230: 9228: 9225: 9223: 9222:New Jerusalem 9220: 9218: 9217:Millennialism 9215: 9213: 9212:Last Judgment 9210: 9208: 9205: 9203: 9200: 9198: 9195: 9193: 9190: 9188: 9185: 9183: 9180: 9178: 9175: 9174: 9172: 9167: 9163: 9157: 9154: 9152: 9149: 9147: 9144: 9142: 9139: 9137: 9134: 9132: 9129: 9127: 9124: 9122: 9119: 9117: 9114: 9112: 9109: 9107: 9104: 9102: 9099: 9096: 9094: 9091: 9089: 9086: 9084: 9081: 9079: 9076: 9074: 9071: 9069: 9066: 9064: 9061: 9060: 9058: 9054: 9048: 9045: 9043: 9040: 9038: 9035: 9033: 9030: 9028: 9025: 9023: 9020: 9018: 9015: 9013: 9010: 9008: 9005: 9003: 9000: 8998: 8995: 8993: 8990: 8988: 8985: 8983: 8980: 8978: 8975: 8974: 8972: 8968: 8962: 8959: 8957: 8954: 8952: 8949: 8947: 8944: 8942: 8939: 8937: 8934: 8932: 8929: 8927: 8924: 8922: 8919: 8917: 8914: 8912: 8909: 8907: 8904: 8902: 8899: 8897: 8894: 8892: 8889: 8887: 8884: 8882: 8879: 8877: 8874: 8872: 8869: 8867: 8864: 8862: 8859: 8857: 8854: 8853: 8851: 8848: 8847:New Testament 8843: 8840: 8836: 8832: 8825: 8820: 8818: 8813: 8811: 8806: 8805: 8802: 8790: 8785: 8780: 8778: 8768: 8767: 8764: 8758: 8755: 8753: 8750: 8748: 8747: 8743: 8741: 8738: 8736: 8733: 8729: 8726: 8724: 8721: 8719: 8716: 8714: 8711: 8709: 8706: 8704: 8701: 8699: 8696: 8694: 8691: 8689: 8686: 8685: 8684: 8681: 8679: 8676: 8674: 8671: 8670: 8668: 8664: 8656: 8653: 8652: 8651: 8648: 8646: 8643: 8641: 8638: 8636: 8633: 8631: 8630:Mother Teresa 8628: 8626: 8623: 8620: 8616: 8613: 8611: 8608: 8606: 8603: 8601: 8598: 8596: 8595: 8591: 8589: 8586: 8584: 8583: 8579: 8577: 8574: 8572: 8569: 8567: 8564: 8562: 8559: 8557: 8556:Pope Pius XII 8554: 8552: 8549: 8547: 8544: 8542: 8539: 8538: 8536: 8534: 8530: 8524: 8523: 8522:Rerum novarum 8519: 8517: 8514: 8512: 8509: 8507: 8506:Pope Leo XIII 8504: 8502: 8499: 8497: 8494: 8492: 8489: 8487: 8484: 8482: 8479: 8477: 8476:United States 8474: 8472: 8469: 8467: 8466:Pope Pius VII 8464: 8463: 8461: 8457: 8451: 8448: 8446: 8443: 8441: 8438: 8436: 8433: 8431: 8428: 8426: 8423: 8421: 8418: 8416: 8413: 8411: 8408: 8407: 8405: 8402: 8397: 8392: 8386: 8383: 8381: 8378: 8376: 8373: 8371: 8368: 8366: 8363: 8361: 8358: 8356: 8353: 8351: 8348: 8346: 8343: 8341: 8338: 8336: 8333: 8331: 8328: 8326: 8323: 8321: 8318: 8316: 8313: 8311: 8308: 8306: 8305: 8301: 8299: 8296: 8294: 8291: 8290: 8288: 8285: 8281: 8276: 8270: 8267: 8265: 8262: 8260: 8257: 8255: 8252: 8250: 8247: 8245: 8242: 8238: 8235: 8234: 8233: 8230: 8228: 8225: 8223: 8220: 8219: 8217: 8215: 8211: 8205: 8202: 8200: 8197: 8195: 8192: 8190: 8187: 8185: 8182: 8180: 8177: 8175: 8172: 8170: 8167: 8165: 8162: 8160: 8157: 8155: 8152: 8150: 8149:Scholasticism 8147: 8145: 8142: 8140: 8137: 8135: 8132: 8130: 8127: 8125: 8124:Pope Urban II 8122: 8121: 8119: 8117: 8113: 8107: 8104: 8102: 8099: 8097: 8094: 8092: 8089: 8087: 8084: 8082: 8079: 8077: 8074: 8072: 8069: 8067: 8064: 8062: 8059: 8057: 8054: 8052: 8049: 8047: 8044: 8043: 8041: 8039: 8035: 8021: 8018: 8016: 8013: 8011: 8008: 8006: 8003: 8001: 7998: 7996: 7993: 7991: 7988: 7986: 7983: 7981: 7978: 7976: 7973: 7971: 7968: 7964: 7961: 7960: 7959: 7956: 7955: 7953: 7949: 7941: 7937: 7934: 7930: 7926: 7916: 7913: 7911: 7908: 7906: 7903: 7901: 7900:Justin Martyr 7898: 7894: 7891: 7887: 7884: 7882: 7879: 7877: 7874: 7873: 7872: 7869: 7868: 7867: 7864: 7862: 7859: 7858: 7856: 7853: 7849: 7841: 7838: 7836: 7833: 7831: 7828: 7826: 7823: 7821: 7818: 7816: 7813: 7812: 7811: 7810:New Testament 7808: 7806: 7803: 7801: 7798: 7796: 7793: 7789: 7786: 7784: 7781: 7779: 7776: 7774: 7773:Commissioning 7771: 7770: 7769: 7766: 7764: 7761: 7759: 7756: 7754: 7751: 7747: 7744: 7742: 7739: 7737: 7734: 7732: 7729: 7728: 7727: 7724: 7723: 7721: 7718: 7717:Apostolic Age 7713: 7709: 7706: 7702: 7698: 7692: 7689: 7687: 7684: 7682: 7679: 7677: 7674: 7670: 7667: 7665: 7662: 7661: 7660: 7657: 7655: 7652: 7650: 7647: 7645: 7642: 7640: 7637: 7633: 7630: 7628: 7625: 7624: 7623: 7620: 7616: 7613: 7612: 7611: 7608: 7604: 7603:Papal primacy 7601: 7600: 7599: 7596: 7594: 7591: 7589: 7586: 7582: 7579: 7578: 7577: 7574: 7573: 7571: 7569: 7565: 7561: 7557: 7550: 7545: 7543: 7538: 7536: 7531: 7530: 7527: 7515: 7512: 7510: 7509:Protestantism 7507: 7505: 7502: 7500: 7497: 7495: 7492: 7488: 7485: 7483: 7480: 7479: 7478: 7475: 7474: 7471: 7465: 7462: 7460: 7456: 7453: 7450: 7446: 7443: 7441: 7438: 7436: 7433: 7431: 7428: 7426: 7423: 7421: 7418: 7416: 7413: 7411: 7410: 7405: 7403: 7400: 7398: 7395: 7393: 7390: 7388: 7385: 7383: 7382:Azusa Revival 7380: 7378: 7375: 7373: 7370: 7368: 7365: 7363: 7362:Laestadianism 7360: 7358: 7355: 7353: 7350: 7348: 7345: 7343: 7340: 7338: 7335: 7333: 7330: 7328: 7325: 7323: 7320: 7318: 7315: 7314: 7312: 7310: 7306: 7300: 7299:Old Lutherans 7296: 7293: 7289: 7286: 7285: 7284: 7281: 7279: 7276: 7274: 7271: 7269: 7266: 7264: 7261: 7259: 7256: 7252: 7249: 7248: 7247: 7244: 7242: 7239: 7237: 7234: 7233: 7231: 7229: 7225: 7215: 7214: 7210: 7208: 7207: 7203: 7201: 7198: 7196: 7193: 7191: 7188: 7186: 7183: 7181: 7178: 7176: 7173: 7171: 7168: 7166: 7163: 7162: 7160: 7158: 7154: 7148: 7145: 7143: 7142: 7138: 7136: 7133: 7131: 7128: 7126: 7123: 7121: 7118: 7116: 7113: 7111: 7108: 7106: 7103: 7101: 7098: 7097: 7095: 7093: 7089: 7083: 7080: 7078: 7075: 7073: 7070: 7068: 7065: 7063: 7060: 7058: 7055: 7053: 7050: 7048: 7045: 7043: 7040: 7038: 7035: 7033: 7030: 7028: 7025: 7023: 7020: 7019: 7017: 7015: 7011: 7005: 7002: 7000: 6997: 6995: 6992: 6990: 6989: 6985: 6983: 6980: 6976: 6973: 6971: 6968: 6966: 6965:Diet of Worms 6963: 6961: 6960: 6956: 6955: 6954: 6951: 6950: 6948: 6946: 6942: 6936: 6933: 6931: 6928: 6926: 6923: 6921: 6918: 6916: 6913: 6911: 6908: 6906: 6903: 6899: 6896: 6895: 6894: 6891: 6889: 6886: 6884: 6881: 6879: 6876: 6874: 6871: 6870: 6868: 6866: 6865:Protestantism 6860: 6856: 6848: 6845: 6844: 6843: 6840: 6838: 6835: 6833: 6830: 6828: 6825: 6823: 6820: 6818: 6815: 6811: 6808: 6807: 6806: 6803: 6801: 6798: 6796: 6793: 6791: 6788: 6786: 6783: 6781: 6778: 6776: 6773: 6771: 6768: 6766: 6763: 6761: 6758: 6756: 6753: 6751: 6748: 6746: 6743: 6741: 6738: 6736: 6733: 6731: 6728: 6726: 6723: 6721: 6718: 6714: 6711: 6709: 6706: 6704: 6701: 6699: 6696: 6694: 6691: 6689: 6686: 6685: 6684: 6681: 6675: 6672: 6671: 6670: 6667: 6665: 6662: 6660: 6657: 6655: 6652: 6651: 6650: 6647: 6645: 6642: 6640: 6637: 6635: 6632: 6631: 6629: 6627: 6623: 6617: 6616:North America 6614: 6612: 6609: 6607: 6604: 6602: 6599: 6597: 6594: 6592: 6589: 6587: 6584: 6582: 6579: 6577: 6574: 6572: 6569: 6567: 6564: 6562: 6559: 6555: 6552: 6550: 6547: 6546: 6545: 6542: 6540: 6537: 6535: 6532: 6530: 6527: 6525: 6522: 6520: 6517: 6516: 6514: 6512: 6506: 6500: 6497: 6493: 6490: 6489: 6488: 6484: 6481: 6479: 6476: 6474: 6471: 6469: 6466: 6464: 6461: 6459: 6456: 6454: 6451: 6449: 6446: 6444: 6440: 6437: 6435: 6432: 6430: 6427: 6425: 6422: 6416: 6413: 6412: 6411: 6408: 6406: 6403: 6401: 6398: 6396: 6393: 6392: 6391: 6388: 6386: 6383: 6381: 6378: 6376: 6373: 6371: 6368: 6364: 6361: 6359: 6356: 6355: 6354: 6351: 6350: 6348: 6346: 6342: 6336: 6333: 6329: 6325: 6322: 6321: 6320: 6317: 6315: 6312: 6310: 6307: 6305: 6302: 6300: 6297: 6295: 6292: 6288: 6285: 6283: 6280: 6279: 6278: 6275: 6273: 6270: 6268: 6265: 6263: 6260: 6256: 6253: 6252: 6251: 6248: 6247: 6245: 6242: 6237: 6233: 6227: 6226:Early African 6224: 6220: 6217: 6215: 6212: 6210: 6209:Justin Martyr 6207: 6205: 6202: 6200: 6197: 6195: 6192: 6190: 6187: 6186: 6185: 6181: 6178: 6176: 6173: 6171: 6168: 6164: 6161: 6159: 6156: 6154: 6151: 6149: 6146: 6144: 6141: 6139: 6136: 6134: 6131: 6130: 6129: 6126: 6125: 6123: 6121: 6115: 6107: 6104: 6102: 6099: 6097: 6094: 6092: 6089: 6087: 6084: 6083: 6082: 6079: 6077: 6074: 6072: 6069: 6067: 6064: 6062: 6059: 6055: 6052: 6050: 6047: 6045: 6042: 6040: 6037: 6035: 6032: 6031: 6030: 6029:Life of Jesus 6027: 6025: 6022: 6021: 6019: 6017:Apostolic Age 6013: 6007: 6004: 6002: 5999: 5997: 5994: 5992: 5989: 5987: 5984: 5982: 5979: 5977: 5974: 5972: 5969: 5967: 5964: 5962: 5959: 5957: 5954: 5952: 5949: 5947: 5944: 5942: 5939: 5937: 5934: 5932: 5929: 5927: 5924: 5922: 5919: 5917: 5914: 5912: 5909: 5908: 5906: 5902: 5896: 5893: 5891: 5888: 5887: 5884: 5880: 5873: 5868: 5866: 5861: 5859: 5854: 5853: 5850: 5832: 5828: 5822: 5814: 5810: 5806: 5802: 5798: 5794: 5790: 5786: 5782: 5778: 5774: 5770: 5766: 5762: 5758: 5754: 5750: 5746: 5742: 5738: 5734: 5730: 5726: 5725: 5723: 5719: 5711: 5707: 5703: 5699: 5695: 5691: 5687: 5683: 5682: 5680: 5678: 5672: 5664: 5660: 5656: 5652: 5648: 5644: 5640: 5636: 5632: 5628: 5627: 5625: 5623: 5617: 5609: 5608: 5603: 5599: 5597: 5592: 5589: 5585: 5584: 5582: 5579: 5572: 5564: 5560: 5556: 5552: 5548: 5544: 5540: 5536: 5532: 5528: 5524: 5520: 5516: 5512: 5508: 5504: 5500: 5496: 5492: 5488: 5484: 5480: 5476: 5472: 5468: 5464: 5460: 5456: 5453: 5449: 5448: 5446: 5444: 5438: 5430: 5426: 5422: 5418: 5414: 5410: 5406: 5402: 5398: 5394: 5390: 5386: 5382: 5378: 5377: 5375: 5373: 5369: 5365: 5358: 5353: 5351: 5346: 5344: 5339: 5338: 5335: 5323: 5318: 5313: 5312: 5309: 5303: 5302:Episcopal see 5300: 5298: 5295: 5294: 5292: 5288: 5281: 5276: 5273: 5270: 5267: 5262: 5259: 5256: 5255: 5253: 5247: 5243: 5236: 5235: 5231: 5228: 5225: 5222: 5221: 5217: 5214: 5213: 5209: 5206: 5205: 5201: 5200: 5198: 5192: 5188: 5181: 5180: 5176: 5173: 5170: 5167: 5164: 5161: 5158: 5155: 5154: 5150: 5147: 5146: 5142: 5141: 5139: 5133: 5129: 5114: 5113: 5109: 5106: 5101: 5098: 5093: 5090: 5089: 5083: 5082: 5078: 5077: 5071: 5070: 5068: 5063: 5059: 5055: 5048: 5047: 5043: 5040: 5039: 5035: 5032: 5031: 5027: 5026: 5024: 5018: 5014: 5010: 5003: 5002: 4998: 4995: 4994: 4990: 4989: 4987: 4983: 4978: 4974: 4970: 4967: 4963: 4952: 4951: 4947: 4944: 4939: 4936: 4933: 4932: 4930: 4926: 4921: 4917: 4913: 4906: 4905: 4901: 4898: 4897: 4893: 4890: 4886: 4885: 4879: 4876: 4872: 4869: 4868: 4866: 4862: 4856: 4852: 4848: 4841: 4840: 4836: 4833: 4832: 4828: 4825: 4824: 4820: 4817: 4816: 4812: 4809: 4806: 4803: 4802: 4796: 4793: 4792: 4786: 4785: 4783: 4779: 4773: 4769: 4765: 4758: 4753: 4750: 4749: 4745: 4742: 4739: 4738: 4736: 4732: 4726: 4722: 4718: 4711: 4707: 4706: 4702: 4701: 4699: 4695: 4690: 4686: 4682: 4679: 4675: 4666: 4662: 4659: 4652: 4647: 4641: 4637: 4636: 4630: 4622: 4617: 4609: 4608: 4603: 4598: 4594: 4590: 4584: 4580: 4576: 4575:Patriarchates 4569: 4564: 4562: 4557: 4555: 4550: 4549: 4546: 4540: 4537: 4535: 4531: 4528: 4525: 4523: 4520: 4519: 4511: 4509: 4505: 4503: 4499: 4495: 4491: 4487: 4483: 4479: 4476: 4475: 4464: 4458: 4454: 4453: 4447: 4443: 4439: 4435: 4430: 4426: 4420: 4416: 4415: 4409: 4405: 4399: 4395: 4394: 4388: 4384: 4378: 4374: 4373: 4368: 4364: 4360: 4354: 4350: 4349: 4344: 4340: 4336: 4330: 4326: 4325: 4319: 4315: 4309: 4305: 4304: 4299: 4295: 4291: 4285: 4281: 4280: 4275: 4271: 4267: 4261: 4257: 4256: 4251: 4247: 4246: 4234: 4230: 4226: 4221: 4214: 4210: 4205: 4186: 4182: 4178: 4177: 4169: 4162: 4147: 4143: 4142: 4137: 4130: 4123: 4119: 4115: 4114: 4107: 4100: 4096: 4092: 4091: 4084: 4077: 4073: 4069: 4068: 4061: 4053: 4047: 4039: 4026: 4018: 4012: 4008: 4001: 3986: 3980: 3976: 3975: 3967: 3958: 3948: 3940: 3933: 3924: 3915: 3906: 3897: 3888: 3879: 3870: 3868: 3858: 3849: 3840: 3832: 3828: 3821: 3812: 3797: 3793: 3792: 3784: 3782: 3773: 3769: 3763: 3761: 3759: 3757: 3755: 3753: 3751: 3749: 3734: 3728: 3719: 3710: 3702: 3700:9780814657034 3696: 3692: 3691: 3683: 3681: 3679: 3677: 3667: 3658: 3650: 3643: 3634: 3625: 3619: 3613: 3603: 3599: 3594: 3590: 3589: 3583: 3579: 3577:0-8028-8121-1 3573: 3569: 3564: 3563: 3556: 3555: 3552: 3550: 3548: 3540: 3536: 3532: 3531: 3526: 3521: 3517: 3506: 3503: 3501: 3498: 3497: 3491: 3488: 3485:In 1994, the 3478: 3476: 3472: 3468: 3464: 3460: 3456: 3452: 3447: 3442: 3440: 3435: 3426: 3421: 3411: 3409: 3403: 3399: 3390: 3388: 3384: 3380: 3375: 3373: 3369: 3365: 3359: 3357: 3353: 3349: 3340: 3336: 3333: 3329: 3326: 3322: 3319: 3315: 3311: 3310: 3309: 3308:were passed: 3307: 3298: 3289: 3287: 3283: 3279: 3268: 3257: 3255: 3251: 3247: 3237: 3235: 3225: 3216: 3207: 3198: 3195: 3191: 3187: 3182: 3172: 3168: 3159: 3157: 3152: 3148: 3144: 3140: 3136: 3134: 3128: 3119: 3115: 3113: 3108: 3107:Theodosius II 3101: 3096: 3087: 3083: 3081: 3076: 3072: 3068: 3064: 3063: 3058: 3053: 3049: 3045: 3041: 3036: 3034: 3030: 3026: 3021: 3017: 3014: 3009: 3007: 3006: 3001: 2996: 2992: 2986: 2984: 2980: 2976: 2972: 2971: 2966: 2962: 2956: 2954: 2950: 2946: 2945: 2940: 2934: 2924: 2922: 2917: 2914: 2910: 2906: 2902: 2901:John McGuckin 2888: 2886: 2882: 2878: 2874: 2870: 2866: 2862: 2858: 2854: 2850: 2846: 2845:anathematized 2842: 2837: 2832: 2830: 2829:Theodosius II 2827: 2823: 2819: 2814: 2812: 2811:Mother of God 2808: 2804: 2800: 2796: 2792: 2788: 2784: 2780: 2770: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2756: 2755: 2750: 2749: 2744: 2740: 2736: 2732: 2728: 2724: 2720: 2716: 2713:. This third 2712: 2711:Theodosius II 2709: 2708:Roman Emperor 2705: 2701: 2697: 2693: 2681: 2676: 2674: 2669: 2667: 2662: 2661: 2659: 2658: 2655: 2650: 2645: 2644: 2639: 2636: 2634: 2631: 2630: 2629: 2628: 2624: 2623: 2618: 2615: 2613: 2610: 2608: 2605: 2603: 2600: 2599: 2598: 2597: 2593: 2592: 2587: 2584: 2582: 2579: 2577: 2576:Lyon I (1245) 2574: 2572: 2569: 2567: 2564: 2562: 2559: 2557: 2554: 2553: 2552: 2551: 2547: 2546: 2541: 2538: 2536: 2533: 2531: 2528: 2526: 2523: 2522: 2521: 2520: 2516: 2515: 2510: 2507: 2505: 2504:Ephesus (431) 2502: 2500: 2497: 2495: 2492: 2491: 2490: 2489: 2485: 2484: 2477: 2473: 2472: 2469: 2464: 2461: 2460: 2456: 2452: 2451: 2447: 2443: 2442: 2432: 2427: 2425: 2420: 2418: 2413: 2412: 2410: 2409: 2406: 2401: 2396: 2395: 2387: 2379: 2377: 2369: 2367: 2359: 2357: 2349: 2348: 2341: 2340: 2332: 2329: 2327: 2324: 2322: 2319: 2317: 2314: 2312: 2309: 2307: 2304: 2302: 2299: 2297: 2296:Coptic saints 2294: 2292: 2289: 2287: 2284: 2282: 2279: 2277: 2274: 2272: 2269: 2267: 2264: 2262: 2259: 2257: 2254: 2253: 2246: 2245: 2237: 2234: 2232: 2229: 2227: 2224: 2222: 2219: 2217: 2214: 2212: 2209: 2207: 2204: 2202: 2199: 2197: 2194: 2192: 2189: 2187: 2184: 2182: 2179: 2177: 2174: 2172: 2169: 2167: 2164: 2162: 2159: 2157: 2154: 2152: 2151:Ezana of Axum 2149: 2147: 2144: 2142: 2139: 2137: 2134: 2132: 2131:Tiridates III 2129: 2127: 2124: 2122: 2119: 2117: 2114: 2112: 2109: 2107: 2104: 2103: 2099:Major figures 2096: 2095: 2087: 2084: 2082: 2079: 2077: 2074: 2072: 2069: 2068: 2063: 2062: 2058: 2055: 2053: 2050: 2048: 2045: 2043: 2040: 2039: 2034: 2033: 2029: 2026: 2024: 2021: 2019: 2016: 2014: 2011: 2009: 2006: 2005: 2000: 1999: 1995: 1992: 1990: 1987: 1985: 1982: 1980: 1977: 1975: 1972: 1970: 1967: 1965: 1964:Armenian Rite 1962: 1960: 1957: 1955: 1952: 1951: 1946: 1945: 1939: 1938: 1930: 1927: 1925: 1922: 1920: 1917: 1916: 1911: 1910: 1906: 1903: 1901: 1898: 1896: 1893: 1891: 1888: 1886: 1883: 1881: 1878: 1876: 1873: 1871: 1868: 1866: 1863: 1861: 1858: 1856: 1853: 1851: 1848: 1846: 1843: 1842: 1837: 1836: 1832: 1829: 1827: 1824: 1822: 1819: 1817: 1814: 1813: 1808: 1805: 1804: 1798: 1797: 1790: 1786: 1783: 1781: 1777: 1773: 1770: 1768: 1764: 1761: 1760: 1754: 1753: 1746: 1742: 1739: 1737: 1733: 1730: 1729: 1723: 1722: 1714: 1711: 1709: 1706: 1705: 1704: 1701: 1699: 1696: 1694: 1691: 1689: 1686: 1684: 1681: 1679: 1676: 1675: 1673: 1672: 1668: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1658: 1655: 1650: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1640: 1630: 1625: 1623: 1618: 1616: 1611: 1610: 1608: 1607: 1599: 1596: 1594: 1591: 1589: 1586: 1584: 1581: 1579: 1576: 1574: 1571: 1570: 1563: 1562: 1554: 1551: 1549: 1546: 1544: 1541: 1539: 1536: 1534: 1531: 1529: 1526: 1524: 1521: 1519: 1518:John Climacus 1516: 1514: 1511: 1509: 1506: 1504: 1501: 1499: 1496: 1494: 1491: 1489: 1486: 1484: 1481: 1479: 1476: 1475: 1471:Major figures 1468: 1467: 1458: 1455: 1453: 1450: 1448: 1445: 1443: 1442:Nativity Fast 1440: 1439: 1434: 1433: 1429: 1426: 1424: 1421: 1420: 1416:Other feasts: 1415: 1413: 1410: 1408: 1407:Paschal cycle 1405: 1404: 1401: 1396: 1395: 1387: 1384: 1382: 1379: 1377: 1374: 1372: 1369: 1367: 1364: 1362: 1359: 1357: 1354: 1352: 1349: 1347: 1344: 1342: 1339: 1337: 1334: 1332: 1329: 1327: 1324: 1322: 1319: 1317: 1314: 1312: 1309: 1307: 1304: 1302: 1299: 1297: 1294: 1292: 1289: 1287: 1284: 1282: 1279: 1277: 1274: 1272: 1269: 1267: 1264: 1262: 1259: 1257: 1254: 1252: 1249: 1247: 1244: 1242: 1239: 1237: 1234: 1233: 1229: 1226: 1224: 1221: 1220: 1217: 1212: 1211: 1204: 1201: 1199: 1196: 1194: 1191: 1190: 1186: 1185: 1181: 1179: 1178: 1174: 1172: 1169: 1167: 1164: 1162: 1161: 1157: 1155: 1152: 1150: 1147: 1145: 1144: 1139: 1138: 1134: 1132: 1129: 1127: 1124: 1122: 1119: 1117: 1114: 1112: 1109: 1107: 1104: 1102: 1099: 1097: 1094: 1092: 1089: 1087: 1084: 1082: 1079: 1077: 1074: 1073: 1066: 1062: 1061: 1060: 1057: 1056: 1053: 1048: 1047: 1037: 1034: 1032: 1029: 1027: 1024: 1023: 1021: 1019: 1018:North America 1016: 1014: 1011: 1009: 1006: 1004: 1001: 999: 996: 994: 991: 989: 986: 984: 981: 979: 976: 974: 971: 970: 966: 961: 960: 952: 949: 947: 944: 942: 939: 937: 934: 932: 929: 928: 923: 922: 918: 915: 913: 910: 909: 904: 903: 899: 896: 894: 891: 889: 886: 884: 881: 879: 876: 874: 871: 869: 866: 865: 860: 857: 856: 853: 848: 847: 840: 837: 836: 830: 827: 825: 822: 820: 817: 815: 812: 810: 807: 805: 802: 800: 797: 796: 795: 794: 789: 786: 785: 781: 778: 776: 773: 769: 766: 764: 761: 760: 759: 756: 754: 751: 749: 748:Old Believers 746: 745: 738: 737: 729: 726: 724: 721: 719: 716: 714: 711: 709: 708:Latin America 706: 704: 701: 699: 696: 694: 691: 689: 686: 684: 681: 679: 676: 674: 671: 669: 666: 665: 658: 657: 649: 646: 644: 641: 639: 636: 635: 633: 627: 624: 622: 619: 617: 616:Americas (RP) 614: 612: 609: 607: 604: 602: 599: 597: 594: 592: 589: 588: 584:jurisdictions 583: 578: 577: 571: 565: 564:Ukraine (UOC) 562: 561: 559: 554: 553:Ukraine (OCU) 551: 550: 548: 542: 539: 538: 536: 534: 526: 523: 521: 518: 516: 513: 511: 508: 506: 503: 501: 498: 496: 493: 491: 488: 486: 483: 481: 478: 476: 473: 471: 468: 466: 463: 461: 458: 456: 453: 452: 447:jurisdictions 446: 445:Autocephalous 441: 440: 432: 429: 425: 422: 421: 420: 417: 415: 412: 410: 407: 405: 402: 400: 397: 395: 392: 390: 387: 385: 382: 380: 377: 375: 372: 370: 367: 366: 362: 357: 356: 348: 345: 343: 340: 338: 335: 333: 330: 328: 325: 324: 319: 313: 309: 305: 304: 298: 297: 291: 290:View of icons 288: 286: 285: 281: 279: 278: 274: 272: 269: 267: 264: 262: 259: 256: 252: 249: 247: 244: 243: 241: 240: 236: 235: 231: 227: 221: 217: 216: 213: 210: 209: 205: 201: 200: 193: 189: 186: 182: 178: 172: 169: 165: 161: 158: 154: 150: 146: 143: 140: 136: 133: 132:Theodosius II 129: 125: 118: 114: 111: 108: 104: 101: 100: 98: 92: 89: 86: 80: 75: 72: 70: 67: 65: 62: 61: 60: 56: 52: 48: 43: 37: 32: 27: 22: 9489:Nestorianism 9308:by John Foxe 9207:Lake of Fire 9192:Book of Life 9027:Philadelphia 8856:Revelation 1 8744: 8740:Pope Francis 8666:21st century 8615:Pope Paul VI 8592: 8580: 8533:20th century 8520: 8471:Pope Pius IX 8459:19th century 8435:Pope Pius VI 8302: 8174:Latin Empire 8144:Universities 8096:Pope Leo III 8014: 7963:Christianity 7948:state church 7940:Great Church 7741:Resurrection 7704:(30–325/476) 7701:Early Church 7686:Latin Church 7681:Papal States 7676:Vatican City 7425:Charismatics 7408: 7387:Gospel music 7317:Camp meeting 7309:1789–present 7241:Missionaries 7211: 7204: 7195:Menno Simons 7139: 7135:Church music 6986: 6957: 6842:Conciliarism 6827:Papal Schism 6669:Scandinavian 6561:Great Schism 6539:Nestorianism 6511:Christianity 6443:priest holes 6324:Chalcedonian 6313: 6287:Christianity 6241:Great Church 6049:Resurrection 5831: 5745:Great Church 5646: 5610:(1341–1351)* 5605: 5595: 5396: 5282:(since 1994) 5268:(since 1959) 5260:(since 1925) 5250:(since 1789) 5237:(since 1716) 5232: 5229:(since 1589) 5223:(since 1572) 5218: 5210: 5207:(since 1524) 5202: 5195:(1517–1789) 5182:(since 1451) 5177: 5174:(since 1346) 5168:(since 1010) 5151: 5143: 5115:(since 1742) 5110: 5107:(since 1461) 5091:(since 1058) 5084: 5072: 5049:(since 1968) 5044: 5041:(since 1830) 5036: 5033:(since 1553) 5028: 5004:(since 1884) 4999: 4991: 4953:(since 1099) 4948: 4907:(since 1824) 4902: 4894: 4880: 4837: 4834:(since 1724) 4829: 4826:(since 1668) 4821: 4813: 4804:(since 1058) 4797: 4787: 4759:(since 1461) 4746: 4703: 4656:(30–325/476) 4646:Christianity 4635:Nestorianism 4632: 4620: 4605: 4601: 4593:Christianity 4579:Christianity 4507: 4451: 4441: 4437: 4413: 4392: 4371: 4347: 4323: 4302: 4278: 4254: 4220: 4212: 4204: 4192:. Retrieved 4180: 4174: 4161: 4149:. Retrieved 4145: 4139: 4129: 4112: 4106: 4093:(Wiley 2010 4089: 4083: 4066: 4060: 4046: 4016:978178962147 4006: 4000: 3988:. Retrieved 3973: 3966: 3957: 3947: 3938: 3932: 3923: 3914: 3905: 3896: 3887: 3878: 3857: 3848: 3839: 3830: 3820: 3811: 3799:. Retrieved 3790: 3771: 3736:. Retrieved 3727: 3718: 3709: 3689: 3666: 3657: 3648: 3642: 3633: 3624: 3617: 3612: 3601: 3587: 3568:Grand Rapids 3561: 3528: 3520: 3484: 3481:Conciliation 3443: 3431: 3404: 3400: 3396: 3376: 3364:Nicene Creed 3360: 3345: 3303: 3274: 3243: 3231: 3222: 3213: 3204: 3190:Apollinarian 3178: 3169: 3165: 3153: 3149: 3145: 3141: 3137: 3129: 3125: 3116: 3111: 3104: 3084: 3079: 3060: 3037: 3022: 3018: 3010: 3003: 3000:Christotokos 2999: 2987: 2982: 2979:Christotokos 2978: 2968: 2961:dual natures 2957: 2942: 2936: 2933:Nestorianism 2918: 2899: 2833: 2815: 2806: 2786: 2783:Christotokos 2782: 2779:Nestorianism 2776: 2752: 2748:Christotokos 2746: 2691: 2689: 2503: 2211:Bar Hebraeus 2071:Coptic cross 2047:Coptic Bible 1919:Miaphysitism 1895:Capharthutha 1854: 1593:Saint titles 1573:Architecture 1566:Other topics 1271:Jesus Prayer 1182: 1175: 1158: 1141: 1135: 1126:Nicene Creed 1101:Holy Trinity 1076:Apophaticism 1026:15th–16th c. 1003:Great Schism 877: 643:Estonia (MP) 631: 626:Moldova (MP) 601:Estonia (EP) 569: 557: 546: 532: 530: 379:Patriarchate 361:Organization 327:Christianity 314: / 312:Resurrection 310: / 284:View of Mary 282: 275: 230:Hagia Sophia 160:Nestorianism 117:Chalcedonian 95:Next council 9519:Pelagianism 9459:Christology 9345:Manuscripts 9293:Historicist 9242:Seven seals 9232:Seven bowls 8746:Laudato si' 8541:Pope Pius X 8370:Philip Neri 8345:Pope Pius V 8320:Thomas More 8189:Inquisition 8091:Charlemagne 8051:Monasticism 7861:Persecution 7753:Holy Spirit 7736:Crucifixion 7615:First seven 7514:Catholicism 7451:Protestants 7445:Evangelical 7120:39 Articles 7115:Elizabethan 7092:Anglicanism 7072:Westminster 6982:Melanchthon 6945:Lutheranism 6910:Nicodemites 6888:Arminianism 6859:Reformation 6800:Bonaventure 6775:Inquisition 6770:Waldensians 6720:Investiture 6698:Kievan Rus' 6654:Anglo-Saxon 6634:Pelagianism 6626:Middle Ages 6549:Iconodulism 6424:Thomas More 6345:Catholicism 6267:Monasticism 6250:Constantine 6175:Persecution 6133:Adoptionism 6118:Ante-Nicene 6061:Holy Spirit 6044:Crucifixion 6015:Origins and 5916:2nd and 3rd 5663:Ephesus III 5565:(1962–1965) 5557:(1869–1870) 5549:(1545–1563) 5541:(1512–1517) 5525:(1414–1418) 5517:(1311–1312) 5483:Lateran III 5215:(1555–1663) 5162:(since 919) 5132:Middle Ages 5099:(since 638) 5079:(since 301) 4996:(1518–1964) 4945:(since 638) 4937:(since 451) 4899:(1219–1964) 4842:(1099–1964) 4818:(since 685) 4810:(since 519) 4794:(since 518) 4751:(1204–1964) 4743:(since 330) 4623:light green 4209:"Nestorian" 4034:|isbn= 3475:Mar Babai I 3446:Zoroastrian 3379:Norman Cohn 3090:Convocation 3025:Incarnation 2983:Χριστοτόκος 2953:Christology 2949:Virgin Mary 2857:Christendom 2743:Virgin Mary 2727:Christendom 2386:WikiProject 2226:Mar Thoma I 1994:Holy Qurobo 1865:Ephesus III 1346:Prayer rope 1266:Iconostasis 1256:Euchologion 1241:Apolytikion 1116:Metousiosis 1081:Chrismation 713:Scandinavia 419:Monasticism 374:Autocephaly 308:Crucifixion 168:Pelagianism 9443:Categories 9403:Greek Text 9352:Papyrus 18 9324:Authorship 9252:Son of Man 8977:Armageddon 8619:coronation 8325:Pope Leo X 7910:Tertullian 7840:Revelation 7815:Background 7236:Revivalism 7157:Anabaptism 7105:Henry VIII 6930:Literature 6554:Iconoclasm 6534:Chrysostom 6487:Vatican II 6453:Jansenists 6439:Mass rocks 6375:Lateran IV 6294:Athanasius 6214:Tertullian 6158:Marcionism 6153:Gnosticism 6106:Revelation 6024:Background 5655:Ephesus II 5563:Vatican II 5491:Lateran IV 5475:Lateran II 5156:(725–1451) 5148:(568–1751) 5136:(476–1517) 5021:(280–1552) 4855:Alexandria 4612:light blue 4227:, Vatican 3801:9 November 3738:2011-09-25 3512:References 3408:Sixtus III 3383:Peter Toon 3348:hypostasis 3318:Caelestius 3282:Caelestius 2931:See also: 2905:Alexandria 2879:, and the 2773:Background 2261:Catholicos 2156:Frumentius 2001:Calendars: 1900:Shirakavan 1860:Ephesus II 1447:Great Lent 1326:Paraklesis 1306:Omophorion 1261:Holy Water 1160:Philokalia 819:Montenegro 648:ROCOR (MP) 638:Crete (EP) 611:China (MP) 606:Japan (MP) 582:Autonomous 460:Alexandria 301:Background 224:Mosaic of 148:Attendance 9303:Preterist 9007:Jerusalem 9002:Euphrates 8635:Communism 8605:Ecumenism 7951:(380–451) 7943:(180–451) 7932:(313–476) 7854:(100–325) 7402:Ecumenism 7352:Adventism 7342:Mormonism 7278:Millerism 7273:Methodism 7228:1640–1789 7130:Civil War 7077:Orthodoxy 7032:Huguenots 7014:Calvinism 6999:Eucharist 6994:Orthodoxy 6878:Eucharist 6810:Five Ways 6760:Dulcinian 6713:Pomerania 6639:Gregory I 6483:Vatican I 6473:Modernism 6458:Molinists 6448:Guadalupe 6319:Chalcedon 6314:Ephesus I 6304:Augustine 6180:Apostolic 6163:Montanism 6128:Diversity 5904:Centuries 5598:(879–880) 5555:Vatican I 5539:Lateran V 5523:Constance 5467:Lateran I 5461:(869–870) 5429:Nicaea II 5423:(680–681) 5405:Chalcedon 5058:Patriarch 5013:Patriarch 4982:2nd cent. 4973:Patriarch 4920:Jerusalem 4916:Patriarch 4861:1st cent. 4851:Patriarch 4778:1st cent. 4768:Patriarch 4721:Patriarch 4710:1st cent. 4694:1st cent. 4685:Patriarch 4672:apostolic 4665:Pentarchy 4651:Antiquity 4602:bold blue 4597:apostolic 4490:Kontakion 4486:Troparion 4276:(1975) . 4183:: 83–95. 4124:), p. 383 4101:), p. 166 4078:), p. 140 4025:cite book 3990:8 October 3414:Aftermath 3356:Theotokos 3314:Nestorius 3278:Nestorius 3167:bishops. 3112:theotokos 3080:Theotokos 3071:Theodoret 3062:Theotokos 3057:anathemas 3005:Theotokos 2970:Theotokos 2944:Theotokos 2921:Pulcheria 2863:, or the 2807:Theotokos 2799:orthodoxy 2787:Theotokos 2754:Theotokos 2735:Nestorius 2719:consensus 2376:Templates 2201:Nerses IV 2136:Mar Awgin 2111:Mor Addai 2028:Gregorian 2018:Ethiopian 1912:Theology: 1890:Manzikert 1855:Ephesus I 1780:Jerusalem 1708:Ethiopian 1457:Dormition 1381:Vestments 1376:Troparion 1371:Sticheron 1361:Semantron 1351:Prosphora 1276:Kontakion 1184:Theotokos 1137:Oikonomia 1096:Hesychasm 978:Pentarchy 946:Jerusalem 790:churches: 470:Jerusalem 394:Canon law 347:Orthodoxy 316:Ascension 246:Structure 164:Theotokos 138:President 9298:Idealist 9288:Futurist 9272:Wormwood 9141:Naphtali 9131:Manasseh 9093:Issachar 9078:Benjamin 9047:Thyatira 9022:Pergamum 9012:Laodicea 8842:chapters 8645:HIV/AIDS 8139:Crusades 7893:Irenaeus 7886:Ignatius 7881:Polycarp 7731:Ministry 7719:(30–100) 7593:Timeline 7494:Theology 7482:Missions 7477:Timeline 7449:Mainline 7397:Pacifism 7246:Baptists 7165:Theology 7125:Puritans 7100:Timeline 7042:Scotland 6970:Theology 6817:Wycliffe 6765:Crusades 6740:Bogomils 6693:Bulgaria 6649:Germanic 6601:Ethiopia 6499:Timeline 6277:Nicaea I 6272:Councils 6204:Irenaeus 6199:Ignatius 6194:Polycarp 6148:Donatism 6143:Docetism 6138:Arianism 6039:Ministry 5721:See also 5686:Nicaea I 5631:Nicaea I 5381:Nicaea I 4977:Carthage 4705:Holy See 4589:primates 4530:Archived 4369:(1989). 4345:(1914). 4300:(1994). 4252:(1908). 4229:Archived 4185:Archived 3937:Gibbon. 3494:See also 3455:Barsauma 3374:in 381. 3194:Eunomian 3122:Assembly 2767:Anatolia 2723:assembly 2455:a series 2453:Part of 2356:Category 2276:Maphrian 2161:Shenoute 2042:Peshitta 2008:Armenian 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4708:(since 4496:: 4242:Sources 3451:Nisibis 2891:History 2836:bishops 2763:Ephesus 2696:Ephesus 2466:of the 2301:Debtera 2116:Abgar V 1905:Hromkla 1885:Dvin IV 1875:Dvin II 1736:British 1698:Cilicia 1251:Ectenia 1177:Theosis 965:History 898:Seventh 804:Belarus 693:Germany 673:Austria 596:Finland 541:America 533:de jure 515:Albania 495:Georgia 485:Romania 465:Antioch 424:Degrees 414:Deacons 409:Priests 404:Bishops 261:Liturgy 253: ( 9166:Events 9151:Simeon 9146:Reuben 9116:Joseph 9101:Christ 9073:Balaam 9037:Smyrna 9032:Sardis 9017:Patmos 8970:Places 8576:Nazism 8398:to the 8005:Jerome 7915:Origen 7598:Papacy 7175:Grebel 7027:Calvin 6953:Luther 6847:Synods 6725:Anselm 6708:Poland 6664:Gothic 6659:Franks 6644:Celtic 6611:Russia 6591:Syriac 6581:Greece 6468:Teresa 6415:Xavier 6353:Papacy 6299:Jerome 6219:Origen 6120:period 5895:Spread 5815:(2016) 5807:(1965) 5799:(1872) 5791:(1672) 5783:(1642) 5515:Vienne 5509:(1274) 5501:(1245) 5499:Lyon I 5493:(1215) 5485:(1179) 5477:(1139) 5469:(1123) 4984:–1076) 4459: 4421: 4400: 4379: 4355: 4331: 4310: 4286: 4262: 4194:30 May 4151:30 May 4120: 4097: 4074: 4032:Check 4013: 3981: 3697: 3574: 3537: 3434:schism 3339:Cyprus 3306:canons 3304:Eight 3264:": --> 3133:Memnon 3044:heresy 2965:Christ 2875:, the 2871:, the 2803:heresy 2704:Turkey 2700:Selçuk 2457:on the 2331:Timkat 2064:Cross: 2035:Bible: 2023:Julian 2013:Coptic 1870:Dvin I 1785:Syriac 1763:Coptic 1741:Syriac 1732:Coptic 1693:Indian 1683:Syriac 1678:Coptic 1321:Praxis 1131:Nepsis 1008:Russia 941:Moscow 912:Eighth 883:Fourth 873:Second 829:UOC–KP 824:Turkey 814:Latvia 688:France 683:Canada 510:Poland 505:Greece 500:Cyprus 480:Serbia 475:Russia 399:Clergy 206:on the 185:canons 156:Topics 9187:Beast 9121:Judah 9098:Jesus 9083:David 9068:Balak 9063:Asher 9042:Sodom 8992:Egypt 8839:Bible 8678:Islam 7946:Roman 7905:Canon 7778:Peter 7726:Jesus 7409:solae 7407:Five 7200:Smyth 7052:TULIP 6975:Bible 6683:Slavs 6586:Egypt 6544:Icons 6395:Trent 6385:Leo X 6282:Creed 5775:(692) 5747:(180– 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Council of Ephesus

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