Council of Chalcedon

2858:). For your legates have made a violent stand against it, desiring, no doubt, that this good deed should proceed, in the first instance, from your provident hand. But we, wishing to gratify the pious Christian emperors, and the illustrious Senate, and the capital of the empire, have judged that an Ecumenical Council was the fittest occasion for effecting this measure. Hence we have made bold to confirm the privileges of the aforementioned city (tharresantes ekurosamen) as if your holiness had taken the initiative, for we know how tenderly you love your children, and we feel that in honoring the child we have honored its parent. ... We have informed you of everything with a view of proving our sincerity, and of obtaining for our labors your confirmation and consent." Following Leo's rejection of the canon, Bishop Anatolius of Constantinople conceded, "Even so, the whole force of confirmation of the acts was reserved for the authority of Your Blessedness. Therefore, let Your Holiness know for certain that I did nothing to further the matter, knowing always that I held myself bound to avoid the lusts of pride and covetousness." However, the Canon has since been viewed as valid by the Eastern Orthodox Church. 2399: 3163:

honoured with the Sovereignty and the Senate, and enjoys equal privileges with the old imperial Rome, should in ecclesiastical matters also be magnified as she is, and rank next after her; so that, in the Pontic, the Asian, and the Thracian dioceses, the metropolitans only and such bishops also of the Dioceses aforesaid as are among the barbarians, should be ordained by the aforesaid most holy throne of the most holy Church of Constantinople; every metropolitan of the aforesaid dioceses, together with the bishops of his province, ordaining his own provincial bishops, as has been declared by the divine canons; but that, as has been above said, the metropolitans of the aforesaid Dioceses should be ordained by the archbishop of Constantinople, after the proper elections have been held according to custom and have been reported to him."

383: 3011:. The rise of the "so-called" monophysitism in the East (as branded by the West) was incorrectly believed to lead by the Copts of Egypt. This must be regarded as the outward expression of the growing nationalist trends in that province against the gradual intensification of Byzantine imperialism, soon to reach its consummation during the reign of Emperor Justinian.However, the Coptic Orthodox Church is miaphysite, which means they believe that Jesus Christ is both 100% human and 100% divine but in one person without mingling, confusion or alteration. In every liturgy till this day, the Copts recite “Christ's divinity parted not from His humanity, not for a single moment nor a twinkling of an eye". 2298:. Eusebius demanded that Eutyches be removed from office. Flavian preferred that the bishop and the archimandrite sort out their differences, but as his suggestion went unheeded, Eutyches was summoned to clarify his position regarding the nature of Christ. Eventually Eutyches reluctantly appeared, but his position was considered to be theologically unsophisticated, and the synod finding his answers unresponsive condemned and exiled him. Flavian sent a full account to Pope Leo I. Although it had been accidentally delayed, Leo wrote a compendious explanation of the whole doctrine involved, and sent it to Flavian as a formal and authoritative decision of the question. 3023:

thousands of Egyptian saints and bishops till the Arab Conquest of Egypt. As a result, The Council of Chalcedon is referred to as "Chalcedon, the Ominous" among Coptic Egyptians given how it led to Christians persecuting other Christians for the first time in history. Coptic Orthodox Christians continue to distinguish themselves from followers of Chalcedon to this day. Although the theological differences are seen as limited (if non-existent), it is politics, the subsequent persecutions and the power struggles in the Roman Empire, that may have led to the Great Schism, or at least contributed significantly to amplifying it through the centuries.

11707: 29: 4032:, p. 3, "Leo believed that in him was the voice of Peter. The Fourth Ecumenical Council at Chalcedon in 451 declared that Constantinople had the same patriarchal status as Rome (28th canon), a statement with which Leo never agreed, and which he even tried to declare invalid. When Leo tried to reinstate a defrocked French bishop, St. Hilary who presided over the Gallican Church as Supreme Pontiff, told Leo to keep his Roman nose out of French affairs. Leo's aspirations were strongly opposed, especially by the patriarch of Constantinople. Yet through him the papacy still gained some ground." 2367:

enter the church which assaulted Flavian as he clung to the altar. Flavian died three days later. Dioscorus then placed Eusebius of Dorylaeum under arrest and demanded the assembled bishops approve his actions. Fearing the mob, they all did. The papal legates refused to attend the second session at which several more orthodox bishops were deposed, including Ibas of Edessa, Irenaeus of Tyre, Domnus of Antioch, and Theodoret. Dioscorus then had Cyril of Alexandria's Twelve Anathemas declared orthodox with the intent of condemning any confession other than one nature in Christ.

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judging it by the standard of Cyril's Twelve Chapters, as some of the bishops present raised concerns about their compatibility. This committee was headed by Anatolius, Patriarch of Constantinople, and was given five days to carefully study the matter. The committee unanimously decided in favor of the orthodoxy of Leo, determining that what he said was compatible with the teaching of Cyril. A number of other bishops also entered statements to the effect that they believed that Leo's Tome was not in contradiction with the teaching of Cyril as well.

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deemed necessary for the maintenance of good order and discipline, and we are persuaded that your Holiness will approve and confirm our decree. ... We are confident you will shed upon the Church of Constantinople a ray of that Apostolic splendor which you possess, for you have ever cherished this church, and you are not at all niggardly in imparting your riches to your children. ... Vouchsafe then, most Holy and most Blessed Father, to accept what we have done in your name, and in a friendly spirit (

2452:, Martyr, outside the city and directly opposite Constantinople. As to the number of sessions held by the Council of Chalcedon there is a great discrepancy in the various texts of the Acts, also in the ancient historians of the council. Either the respective manuscripts must have been incomplete; or the historians passed over in silence several sessions held for secondary purposes. According to the deacon Rusticus, there were in all sixteen sessions; this division is commonly accepted by scholars, including 2637: 2485:) and you are aware of what was made of him", to which Dioscorus famously responded "And you may recall that your mother prayed at his tomb, as she was bleeding of sickness". Pulcheria is said to have slapped Dioscorus in the face, breaking some of his teeth, and ordered the guards to confine him, which they did pulling his beard hair. Dioscorus is said to have put these in a box and sent them back to his Church in Alexandria noting "this is the fruit of my faith." Marcian responded by exiling Dioscorus. 2060: 2524: 1812: 10445: 6686: 2965:. The Eastern position could be characterized as being political in nature, as opposed to a doctrinal view. In practice, all Christians East and West addressed the papacy as the See of Peter and Paul or the Apostolic See rather than the See of the Imperial Capital. Rome understands this to indicate that its precedence has always come from its direct lineage from the apostles Peter and Paul rather than its association with Imperial authority. 1842: 11719: 10434: 6675: 2015: 2652:

and consubstantial with us according to the Manhood; in all things like unto us, without sin; begotten before all ages of the Father according to the Godhead, and in these latter days, for us and for our salvation, born of the Virgin Mary, the Mother of God, according to the Manhood; one and the same Christ, Son, Lord, only begotten, to be acknowledged in two natures, inconfusedly, unchangeably, indivisibly, inseparably; (

2363:(one of the papal legates) repeatedly called for the reading of Leo's Tome, but was ignored. The Eastern Orthodox Church has very different accounts of The Second Council of Ephesus. Pope Dioscorus requested deferring reading of Leo's Tome, as it was not seen as necessary to start with, and could be read later. This was seen as a rebuke to the representatives from the Church of Rome not reading the Tome from the start. 2067: 3565: 2511:. However, the council would determine (with the exception of 13 Egyptian bishops) that this was an issue of wording and not of doctrine; a committee of bishops appointed to study the orthodoxy of the Tome using Cyril's letters (which included the twelve anathemas) as their criteria unanimously determined it to be orthodox, and the council, with few exceptions, supported this. 4548: 2352:

a manuscript in the British Museum. Nonetheless, there are somewhat different interpretations as to what actually transpired. The question before the council by order of the emperor was whether Flavian, in a synod held by him at Constantinople in November, 448, had justly deposed and excommunicated the Archimandrite Eutyches for refusing to admit two natures in Christ.

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the two professions of faith. The Coptic Orthodox Christians are Miaphysite, which means they believe that Jesus Christ is both 100% human and 100% divine but in one person without mingling, confusion or alteration. In every liturgy till this day, the Copts recite “Christ's divinity parted not from His humanity, not for a single moment nor a twinkling of an eye".

2622:. No reference was made in Canon 28 to the bishops of Rome or Constantinople having their authority from being successors to Peter or Andrew respectively. Instead, the stated reasons in the actual text of the Canon that the episcopacy of these cities had been granted their status was the importance of these cities as major cities of the empire of the time. 2961:

honored by the imperial power and senate and enjoying privileges equaling older imperial Rome should also be elevated to her level in ecclesiastical affairs and take second place after her". The framework for allocating ecclesiastical authority advocated by the council fathers mirrored the allocation of imperial authority in the later period of the

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in honor, above Alexandria and Antioch, stating in Canon III, that "the bishop of Constantinople ... shall have the prerogative of honor after the bishop of Rome; because Constantinople is New Rome". In the early 5th century, this status was challenged by the bishops of Alexandria, but the Council of Chalcedon confirmed in Canon XXVIII:

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make a collection of all the Acts and translate them into Latin. Most of the documents, chiefly the minutes of the sessions, were written in Greek; others, e.g. the imperial letters, were issued in both languages; others, again, e.g. the papal letters, were written in Latin. Eventually nearly all of them were translated into both languages.

2917:, also calls it "a title dating from the 6th century, for the bishops of the five great sees of Christendom". Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of World Religions, says: "Five patriarchates, collectively called the pentarchy, were the first to be recognized by the legislation of the emperor Justinian (reigned 527–565)". 2473:

believe. ... Peter has spoken thus through Leo. So taught the Apostles. Piously and truly did Leo teach, so taught Cyril. Everlasting be the memory of Cyril. Leo and Cyril taught the same thing, ... This is the true faith ... This is the faith of the fathers. Why were not these things read at Ephesus?"

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The council continued with Dioscorus' trial, but he refused to appear before the assembly. However, historical accounts from the Eastern Orthodox Church note that Dioscorus was put under solitary arrest. As a result, he was condemned, but by an underwhelming amount (more than half the bishops present

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collected among the letters of Leo I, Hilary apologized for not delivering to her the pope's letter after the synod, but owing to Dioscurus, who tried to hinder his going either to Rome or to Constantinople, he had great difficulty in making his escape in order to bring to the pontiff the news of the

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For the latter the propers are titled "We Commemorate Six Holy Ecumenical Councils". This repeatedly damns those anathematized by the councils with such rhetoric as "Christ-smashing deception enslaved Nestorius" and "mindless Arius and ... is tormented in the fires of Gehenna" while the fathers

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After the passage of the Canon 28, Rome filed a protest against the reduction of honor given to Antioch and Alexandria. However, fearing that withholding Rome's approval would be interpreted as a rejection of the entire council, in 453 the pope confirmed the council's canons while declaring the 28th

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should have primacy over other, lesser dioceses. At the time, the See of Constantinople was not yet of ecclesiastical prominence, but its proximity to the Imperial court gave rise to its importance. The Council of Constantinople in 381 modified the situation somewhat by placing Constantinople second

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We, then, following the holy Fathers, all with one consent, teach people to confess one and the same Son, our Lord Jesus Christ, the same perfect in Godhead and also perfect in manhood; truly God and truly man, of a reasonable soul and body; consubstantial with the Father according to the Godhead,

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began its first session. The Acts of the first session of this synod were read at the Council of Chalcedon, 451, and are thus preserved. The remainder of the Acts (the first session being wanting) are known through a Syriac translation by a Miaphysite monk, written in the year 535 and published from

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Pope Leo sent four legates to represent him and expressed his regret that the shortness of the notice must prevent the presence of any other bishop of the West. He provided his legates, one of whom died en route, with a letter addressed to Flavian explaining Rome's position in the controversy. Leo's

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Canon 28: " For the Fathers rightly granted privileges to the throne of old Rome, because it was the royal city. And the One Hundred and Fifty most religious Bishops, actuated by the same consideration, gave equal privileges to the most holy throne of New Rome, justly judging that the city which is

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Several Oriental Orthodox Church historians have viewed the council as a dispute with the Church of Rome over precedence among the various patriarchal sees. Coptic sources, both in Coptic and in Arabic, suggest that questions of political and ecclesiastical authority exaggerated differences between

2861:

According to some ancient Greek collections, canons 29 and 30 are attributed to the council: canon 29, which states that an unworthy bishop cannot be demoted but can be removed, is an extract from the minutes of the 19th session; canon 30, which grants the Egyptians time to consider their rejection

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However, during the reading of Leo's Tome, three passages were challenged as being potentially Nestorian, and their orthodoxy was defended by using the writings of Cyril. Due to such concerns, the council decided to adjourn and appoint a special committee to investigate the orthodoxy of Leo's Tome,

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Dioscorus then moved to depose Flavian of Constantinople and Eusebius of Dorylaeum on the grounds that they taught the Word had been made flesh and not just assumed flesh from the Virgin and that Christ had two natures. When Flavian and Hilary objected, Dioscorus called for a pro-monophysite mob to

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Marcian wished to bring proceedings to a speedy end, and asked the council to make a pronouncement on the doctrine of the Incarnation before continuing the trial. The council fathers, however, felt that no new creed was necessary, and that the doctrine had been laid out clearly in Leo's Tome. They

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Paschasinus refused to give Dioscorus (who had excommunicated Leo leading up to the council) a seat at the council. As a result, he was moved to the nave of the church. Paschasinus further ordered the reinstatement of Theodoret and that he be given a seat, but this move caused such an uproar among

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In all likelihood an official record of the proceedings was made either during the council itself or shortly afterwards. The assembled bishops informed the pope that a copy of all the "Acta" would be transmitted to him; in March 453, Pope Leo commissioned Julian of Cos, then at Constantinople, to

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declared the canon 28 null and void and only approved the canons of the council which were pertaining to faith. Initially, the council indicated their understanding that Pope Leo's ratification was necessary for the canon to be binding, writing, "we have made still another enactment which we have

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had forbidden the composition or use of any new creed. Aetius, deacon of Constantinople then read Cyril's letter to Nestorius, and a second letter to John of Antioch. The bishops responded, "We all so believe: Pope Leo thus believes ... we all thus believe. As Cyril so believe we, all of us:

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Dioscorus began the council by banning all members of the November 448 synod which had deposed Eutyches from sitting as judges. He then introduced Eutyches who publicly professed that while Christ had two natures before the incarnation, the two natures had merged to form a single nature after the

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In making their case, the council fathers argued that tradition had accorded "honor" to the see of older Rome because it was the first imperial city. Accordingly, "moved by the same purposes" the fathers "apportioned equal prerogatives to the most holy see of new Rome" because "the city which is

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Beronician, clerk of the consistory, then read from a book handed him by Aetius, the synodical letter of Leo to Flavian (Leo's Tome). After the reading of the letter, the bishops cried out: "This is the faith of the fathers, this is the faith of the Apostles. So we all believe, thus the orthodox

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non-Chalcedonians. A significant effect on the Orthodox Christians in Egypt, was a series of persecutions by the Roman (later, Byzantine) empire forcing followers of the Oriental Orthodox Church to claim allegiance to Leo's Tome, or Chalcedon. This led to the martyrdom, persecution and death of

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The council opened on 8 October 451. Marcian had the bishops deposed by Dioscorus returned to their dioceses and had the body of Flavian brought to the capital to be buried honorably. The Emperor asked Leo to preside over the council, but Leo again chose to send legates in his place. This time,

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Village and rural parishes if they have been possessed for thirty years, they shall so continue. But if within that time, the matter shall be subject to adjudication. But if by the command of the Emperor a city be renewed, the order of ecclesiastical parishes shall follow the civil and public

3107:. This contains numerous hymns exposing the council's teaching, commemorating its leaders whom it praises and whose prayers it implores, and naming its opponents pejoratively, e.g., "Come let us clearly reject the errors of ... but praise in divine songs the fourth council of pious fathers." 2514:

It approved the creed of Nicaea (325), the creed of Constantinople (381; subsequently known as the Nicene Creed), two letters of Cyril against Nestorius, which insisted on the unity of divine and human persons in Christ, and the Tome of Pope Leo I confirming two distinct natures in Christ.

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Litigious clerics shall be punished according to canon, if they despise the episcopal and resort to the secular tribunal. When a cleric has a contention with a bishop let him wait till the synod sits, and if a bishop have a contention with his metropolitan let him carry the case to

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The situation continued to deteriorate, with Leo demanding the convocation of a new council and Emperor Theodosius II refusing to budge, all the while appointing bishops in agreement with Dioscorus. All this changed dramatically with the Emperor's death and the elevation of

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A clergyman of one city shall not be given a cure in another. But if he has been driven from his native place and shall go into another he shall be without blame. If any bishop receives clergymen from without his diocese he shall be excommunicated as well as the cleric he

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One province shall not be cut into two. Whoever shall do this shall be cast out of the episcopate. Such cities as are cut off by imperial rescript shall enjoy only the honour of having a bishop settled in them: but all the rights pertaining to the true metropolis shall be

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Domestic oratories and monasteries are not to be erected contrary to the judgment of the bishop. Every monk must be subject to his bishop, and must not leave his house except at his suggestion. A slave, however, can not enter the monastic life without the consent of his

2897:, in the council's seventh session whose "Decree on the Jurisdiction of Jerusalem and Antioch" contains: "the bishop of Jerusalem, or rather the most holy Church which is under him, shall have under his own power the three Palestines". This led to Jerusalem becoming a 2956:) to the most holy throne of New Rome, justly judging that the city which is honoured with the Sovereignty and the Senate and enjoys equal privileges with the old imperial Rome, should in ecclesiastical matters also be magnified as she is, and rank next after her. 2821:

The bishop of New Rome (Constantinople) shall enjoy the same privileges as the bishop of Old Rome, on account of the removal of the Empire. For this reason the of Pontus, of Asia, and of Thrace, as well as the Barbarian bishops shall be ordained by the bishop of

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Those who assume the care of secular houses should be corrected, unless perchance the law called them to the administration of those not yet come of age, from which there is no exemption. Unless further their Bishop permits them to take care of orphans and

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was summoned to Constantinople and chose to bring with him four monks. Upon arrival, Justinian summoned them and informed them that they could either accept the decision of the council or lose their positions. Abraham refused to entertain the idea.

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A Cantor or Lector alien to the sound faith, if being then married, he shall have begotten children let him bring them to communion, if they had there been baptized. But if they had not yet been baptized they shall not be baptized afterwards by the

2567:. He possesses the perfect Godhead and the perfect manhood. His fully divine nature is united with His fully human nature yet without mixing, blending or alteration." The Oriental Orthodox contend that this latter teaching has been misunderstood as 3088:

commemorates the "Holy Fathers of the 4th Ecumenical Council, who assembled in Chalcedon" on the Sunday on or after July 13; however, in some places (e.g., Russia) on that date is rather a feast of the Fathers of the First Six Ecumenical Councils.

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after the union, joining them only by a conjunction of dignity or authority or power, and not rather by a coming together in a union by nature, let him be anathema." This appeared to some to be incompatible with Leo's definition of two natures

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sees an "innate rivalry" between the Sees of Alexandria and Constantinople. Dioscurus, imitating his predecessors in assuming a primacy over Constantinople, held his own synod which annulled the sentence of Flavian, and absolved Eutyches.

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No cleric shall be recorded on the clergy-list of the churches of two cities. But if he shall have strayed forth, let him be returned to his former place. But if he has been transferred, let him have no share in the affairs of his former

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Whoso buys or sells an ordination, down to a Prosmonarius, shall be in danger of losing his grade. Such shall also be the case with go-betweens, if they be clerics they shall be cut off from their rank, if laymen or monks, they shall be

2435:, but Emperor Marcian instead called for it to convene at Chalcedon, because it was closer to Constantinople, and would thus allow him to respond quickly to any events along the Danube, which was being raided by the Huns under Attila. 2493:

would indeed be necessary and presented a text to the fathers. No consensus was reached. Paschasinus threatened to return to Rome to reassemble the council in Italy. Marcian agreed, saying that if a clause were not added to the

2828:

It is the custom of the Egyptians that none subscribe without the permission of their archbishop. Wherefore they are not to be blamed who did not subscribe the Epistle of the holy Leo until an archbishop had been appointed for

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to the imperial throne. To resolve the simmering tensions, Marcian announced his intention to hold a new council to set aside the 449 Second Council of Ephesus which was named the "Latrocinium" or "Robber Council" by Pope Leo.

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All of the bishops were then asked to sign their assent to the Tome, but a group of thirteen Egyptians refused, saying that they would assent to "the traditional faith". As a result, the Emperor's commissioners decided that a

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attempted to bring those monks who still rejected the decision of the Council of Chalcedon into communion with the greater church. The exact time of this event is unknown, but it is believed to have been between 535 and 548.

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for the previous sessions did not attend his condemnation), and all of his decrees were declared null. Empress Pulcheria (Marcian's wife) told Dioscorus "In my father's time, there was a man who was stubborn (referring to

2498:, the bishops would have to relocate. The Committee then sat in the oratory of the most holy martyr Euphemis and afterwards reported a definition of faith which while teaching the same doctrine was not the Tome of Leo. 2443:

and Julian of Cos and two priests Boniface and Basil represented the western church at the council. The council was attended by about 520 bishops or their representatives and was the largest and best-documented of the

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Let the ordination of bishops be within three months: necessity however may make the time longer. But if anyone shall ordain counter to this decree, he shall be liable to punishment. The revenue shall remain with the

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Although it could be reconciled with Cyril's Formula of Reunion, it was not compatible in its wording with Cyril's Twelve Anathemas. In particular, the third anathema reads: "If anyone divides in the one Christ the

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For the Fathers rightly granted privileges to the throne of old Rome, because it was the royal city. And the One Hundred and Fifty most religious Bishops, actuated by the same consideration, gave equal privileges

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tried to persuade Justinian to change his mind, seemingly to no avail. Abraham himself stated in a letter to his monks that he preferred to remain in exile rather than subscribe to a faith contrary to that of

830: 2456:, historian of the councils. If all the separate meetings were counted, there would be twenty-one sessions; several of these meetings, however, are considered as supplementary to preceding sessions. 840: 2469:

eternal be the memory of Cyril: as the epistles of Cyril teach such is our mind, such has been our faith: such is our faith: this is the mind of Archbishop Leo, so he believes, so he has written."

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A monastery erected with the consent of the bishop shall be immovable. And whatever pertains to it shall not be alienated. Whoever shall take upon him to do otherwise, shall not be held guiltless.

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For the former "The Office of the 630 Holy and God-bearing Fathers of the 4th ... Summoned against the Monophysites Eftyches and Dioskoros" was composed in the middle of the 14th century by

2682:), the Word, the Lord Jesus Christ; as the prophets from the beginning concerning Him, and the Lord Jesus Christ Himself has taught us, and the Creed of the holy Fathers has handed down to us. 885: 890: 2825:

He is sacrilegious who degrades a bishop to the rank of a presbyter. For he that is guilty of crime is unworthy of the priesthood. But he that was deposed without cause, let him be bishop.

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Let the poor who stand in need of help make their journey with letters pacificatory and not commendatory: for letters commendatory should only be given to those who are open to suspicion.

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The near-immediate result of the council was a major schism. The bishops who were uneasy with the language of Pope Leo's Tome repudiated the council, saying that the acceptance of two

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and manhood. The council also issued 27 disciplinary canons governing church administration and authority. In a further decree, later known as canon 28, the bishops declared that the

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between the Catholic Church and the Assyrian Church of the East, the Assyrian Church of the East and the Catholic Church each accepted and confessed the same doctrine of Christology.

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with the Father in godhead, and the same homoousios with us in manhood ... acknowledged in two natures without confusion, without change, without division, without separation.

2582:, hold that both conscience and scripture preempt doctrinal councils and generally agree that the conclusions of later councils were unsupported by or contradictory to scripture. 11495: 7458: 1175: 3857: 2324:

Through the influence of the court official Chrysaphius, godson of Eutyches, in 449, the competing claims between the Patriarchs of Constantinople and Alexandria led Emperor

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in thanks for his life, managed to escape from Constantinople and brought news of the council to Leo who immediately dubbed it a "synod of robbers" –

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Any clergyman in an almshouse or monastery must submit himself to the authority of the bishop of the city. But he who rebels against this let him pay the penalty.

870: 11691: 11686: 8743: 8316: 2259:(nature). The energy and imprudence with which Eutyches asserted his opinions led to his being misunderstood. Thus, many believed that Eutyches was advocating 2043: 1188: 2664:) the distinction of natures being by no means taken away by the union, but rather the property of each nature being preserved, and concurring in one Person ( 4338: 875: 687: 2126:

The council's other responsibilities included addressing controversy, dealing with issues such as ecclesiastical discipline and jurisdiction, and approving

331:) from 8 October to 1 November 451. The council was attended by over 520 bishops or their representatives, making it the largest and best-documented of the 10048: 5921: 4025: 2818:

If a clergyman elope with a woman, let him be expelled from the Church. If a layman, let him be anathema. The same shall be the lot of any that assist him.

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No person shall be ordained deaconess except she be forty years of age. If she shall dishonour her ministry by contracting a marriage, let her be anathema.

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Twice each year the Synod shall be held wherever the bishop of the Metropolis shall designate, and all matters of pressing interest shall be determined.

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We all teach harmoniously the same perfect in godhead, the same perfect in manhood, truly God and truly man, the same of a reasonable soul and body;

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Even though the Council was moved to Ferrara in 1438 and later to Florence, some bishops refused to move and remained in a parallel Council at Basel.

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In a canon of disputed validity, the Council of Chalcedon also elevated the See of Constantinople to a position "second in eminence and power to the

991: 855: 835: 11485: 8399: 3962: 2420:, the sister of Theodosius, may have influenced this decision, or even made the convention of a council a requirement during her negotiations with 1360: 850: 845: 4284: 2801:

Clerics or monks who spend much time at Constantinople contrary to the will of their bishop, and stir up seditions, shall be cast out of the city.

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In Martyries and Monasteries ordinations are strictly forbidden. Should any one be ordained therein, his ordination shall be reputed of no effect.

9934: 1458: 726: 682: 4520:"Богослужебные тексты – Рядовая Минея – Июль – 16 июля: Священномученика Афиногена и десяти учеников его. Святые отцов шести Вселенских соборов" 2460:

the council fathers, that Theodoret also sat in the nave, though he was given a vote in the proceedings, which began with a trial of Dioscorus.

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Clerics and Monks, if they shall have dared to hold conventicles and to conspire against the bishop, shall be cast out of their rank.

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The claims that bishops being forced to approve actions, were challenged by Pope Dioscorus and the Egyptian Bishops at Chalcedon.

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The œconomus in all churches must be chosen from the clergy. And the bishop who neglects to do this is not without blame.

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began teaching a subtle variation on the traditional Christology in an attempt to stop what he saw as a new outbreak of

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Church, who did not agree with such conduct or proceedings. This disagreement would later inform the separation of the

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The divisions in the Church weakened the Byzantine Empire's eastern provinces and helped ease the subsequent

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and most Protestants consider it to be the last authoritative ecumenical council. These churches, along with

2232:. He claimed to be a faithful follower of Cyril's teaching, which was declared orthodox in the Union of 433. 1936: 1926: 1590: 1518: 1283: 11579: 11098: 11088: 10544: 10301: 10272: 10255: 10163: 9775: 9740: 9730: 9308: 9289: 9151: 8902: 8815: 7545: 6421: 5498: 5181: 5125: 5109: 5083: 4983: 4965: 4006: 1977: 1931: 1921: 1828: 1820: 1760: 1333: 1155: 571: 551: 531: 11769: 11759: 11544: 10914: 10687: 10311: 9061: 8929: 8798: 7909: 7555: 7540: 7526: 7433: 7423: 6913: 6492: 6273: 6135: 3389: 2383: – and refused to accept its pronouncements. The decisions of this council now threatened 1710: 1001: 576: 143: 3970: 11553: 10578: 10228: 10026: 9680: 9332: 9298: 9257: 7560: 7428: 7232: 6602: 6564: 6051: 5379: 5264: 4691: 4288: 3260: 2647:

The Confession of Chalcedon provides a clear statement on the two natures of Christ, human and divine:

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Eutyches appealed against the decision, labeling Flavian a Nestorian, and received the support of

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Common Christological Declaration between the Catholic Church and the Assyrian Church of the East

3085: 3060: 2937: 2631: 2599: 2591: 2536: 2503: 2183: 2143: 2135: 1859: 1483: 1248: 1030: 986: 976: 773: 642: 637: 374: 190: 63: 4342: 28: 11534: 11420: 11133: 10438: 10379: 10374: 10008: 9814: 9735: 9660: 9540: 9218: 9106: 9046: 8723: 8611: 8292: 8179: 7797: 7418: 7339: 7315: 6747: 6630: 6221: 6079: 6021: 5912: 5891: 5656: 5205: 5149: 3111:

of the councils are praised and the dogmas of the councils are expounded in the hymns therein.

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If any cleric or monk arrogantly affects the military or any other dignity, let him be cursed.

11779: 11430: 11415: 11128: 10985: 10892: 10692: 10675: 10588: 10532: 10143: 9970: 9395: 9176: 9041: 8887: 8593: 8531: 8490: 8475: 8287: 8229: 8120: 8115: 7993: 7987: 7787: 7335: 7300: 7205: 7119: 6901: 6689: 6288: 6014: 5823: 5726: 5681: 5610: 5403: 5197: 5141: 4863: 4840: 4559: 4465:"On the Sunday of the Holy Fathers of the 4th Ecumenical Council, who assembled in Chalcedon" 4054: 4047: 3423: 3343:"The Chalcedon Problem: Rousas John Rushdoony and the Origins of Christian Reconstructionism" 2453: 2306: 2291: 1998: 1941: 1685: 1443: 710:

Autocephaly and canonicity recognized by Constantinople and 3 other autocephalous Churches:

474: 11480: 4808: 4787: 4662: 2676:), not parted or divided into two persons, but one and the same Son, and only begotten God ( 11662: 11657: 11652: 11647: 11642: 11637: 11632: 11627: 11622: 11589: 11516: 11359: 11319: 11138: 11040: 11015: 10759: 10734: 10670: 9547: 9516: 9413: 9294: 9208: 9088: 8991: 8708: 8703: 8626: 8507: 8485: 8277: 8234: 8184: 7972: 7924: 7919: 7894: 7730: 7684: 7587: 7577: 7413: 7406: 7257: 6943: 6933: 6896: 6510: 6460: 6445: 6322: 6031: 5931: 5881: 5876: 5833: 5721: 5455: 5375: 5165: 4010: 2941: 2890: 2564: 2544: 2403: 1967: 1695: 1660: 1165: 593: 499: 470: 131: 8: 11711: 11435: 11425: 11374: 11232: 11218: 11078: 10820: 10583: 10336: 10238: 10031: 10015: 9535: 9445: 8896: 8840: 8788: 8689: 8651: 8301: 8282: 8022: 8017: 7944: 7662: 7637: 7516: 7496: 7443: 7344: 7242: 7139: 7107: 7051: 6679: 6655: 6640: 6559: 6549: 6535: 6515: 6505: 6475: 6455: 6384: 6115: 5944: 5871: 5701: 5630: 5557: 5352: 5173: 3734:". The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (2 ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press 2982: 2695: 2641: 2559:

are orthodox doctrine which must be adhered to. The council, however, is rejected by the

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Monks or nuns shall not contract marriage, and if they do so let them be excommunicated.

335:. The principal purpose of the council was to re-assert the teachings of the ecumenical 11723: 11500: 11269: 11193: 11161: 10980: 10949: 10786: 10774: 10635: 10573: 10356: 10173: 9031: 9023: 8766: 8467: 8434: 8249: 7999: 7929: 7846: 7834: 7811: 7607: 7381: 7222: 7166: 7156: 6958: 6742: 6554: 6500: 6411: 6401: 6192: 6107: 6056: 5666: 5319: 5289: 5039: 5006: 3458: 3370: 3064: 3056: 3042: 2768:

No cleric shall be received to communion in another city without a letter commendatory.

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Eutyches had been accusing various personages of covert Nestorianism. In November 448,

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The Ecclesiastical History of Evagrius: A History of the Church from AD 431 to AD 594

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result of the council. Hilary, who later became pope and dedicated an oratory in the

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wrote that Eutyches' error seemed to be more from a lack of skill than from malice.

11559: 11364: 11344: 11264: 11249: 11148: 11050: 10924: 10764: 10722: 10717: 10697: 10680: 10593: 10178: 9952: 9914: 9872: 9800: 9795: 9762: 9569: 9502: 9465: 9460: 9440: 9435: 9360: 9213: 9203: 9163: 8694: 8512: 8495: 7934: 7874: 7262: 7247: 6948: 6928: 6923: 6906: 6886: 6335: 6177: 6152: 5731: 5691: 5189: 4637: 4404: 3490: 3354: 3093: 2508: 2425: 2376: 2239:, since it is the Incarnation, of God the Word." Cyril apparently thought that the 1982: 1690: 1665: 1493: 1268: 1145: 930: 667: 662: 494: 230: 9418: 4496: 2798:

Whoever seizes the goods of his deceased bishop shall be cast forth from his rank.

2795:

A cleric or layman making charges rashly against his bishop shall not be received.

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held a local synod regarding a point of discipline connected with the province of

1548: 1543: 11617: 11584: 11528: 11522: 11379: 11284: 11188: 11000: 10494: 10459: 10413: 10296: 10153: 10118: 9924: 9919: 9844: 9839: 9780: 9705: 9455: 9385: 8917: 8858: 8408: 8307: 8209: 8147: 7889: 7840: 7386: 7041: 6544: 6450: 6241: 5939: 4829: 4766: 4762: 4745: 4741: 4695: 4641: 4617: 4590: 4252: 4157: 4029: 3812:"St. Cyril's "One Physis or Hypostasis of God the Logos Incarnate" and Chalcedon" 3710: 3677: 3274: 3027: 2926: 2540: 2131: 1833: 1715: 1670: 925: 800: 753: 58: 3546: 3482: 2741:

Those who go from city to city shall be subject to the canon law on the subject.

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null and void. This position would change and later be accepted in 1215 at the

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incarnation. Of the 130 assembled bishops, 111 voted to rehabilitate Eutyches.

2268: 2240: 2104: 1740: 1498: 1463: 1385: 1135: 1098: 920: 293: 37: 10873: 3358: 3317: 2563:, the latter teaching rather that "The Lord Jesus Christ is God the Incarnate 11738: 11564: 11490: 11456: 11440: 11400: 11083: 11058: 10834: 10744: 10729: 10651: 10223: 10183: 10068: 9990: 9975: 9824: 9785: 9591: 9475: 9272: 8941: 8656: 8214: 8151: 8140: 8027: 7914: 7817: 7805: 7669: 7642: 7582: 7061: 6881: 6465: 6396: 6246: 5954: 5594: 5589: 4552: 4133: 3771: 3693: 3665: 3588: 3573: 3569: 3366: 2579: 2568: 2548: 2360: 2344:, confessed that Christ had two natures, and was not of or from two natures. 2341: 2325: 2295: 2151: 1680: 1604: 1569: 910: 356: 4687:. 5 vols. Edinburgh: T & T Clark, 1883. (Our topic is located in vol. 3) 2107:

debates, it also generated heated disagreements between the council and the

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Further definitions of the Council of Constantinople (381) can be found on

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The Arab conquest of Egypt and the last thirty years of the Roman dominion

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Christ in Christian Tradition: From the Apostolic Age to Chalcedon (451)

4007:

https://earlychurchtexts.com/main/chalcedon/canons_of_chalcedon_03.shtml

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Kirsch, Johann Peter. "Pope Saint Hilarus." The Catholic Encyclopedia

3666:

Chapman, John. "Robber Council of Ephesus." The Catholic Encyclopedia

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and from any other higher-ranking bishop, given what is now known as

2809: 2715: 2714:

The work of the council was completed by a series of 30 disciplinary

2661:

in duabus naturis inconfuse, immutabiliter, indivise, inseparabiliter

2440: 2417: 2371: 2147: 1538: 1533: 1523: 1513: 1438: 1346: 1258: 1140: 509: 446: 344: 312: 150:; a board of government officials and senators, led by the patrician 88: 4663:"The Council of Chalcedon and the Definition of Christian Tradition" 3772:

Schaefer, Francis. "Council of Chalcedon." The Catholic Encyclopedia

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A History of the Councils of the Church from the Original Documents

4551: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the 4471:. Anastasis – The Home Page of Archimandrite Ephrem. Archived from 2840: 2699: 2619: 2575: 2290:. At the end of the session of this synod one of those inculpated, 2264: 2260: 2225: 2211: 2191: 2014: 1398: 1328: 1316: 1305: 744: 340: 324: 316: 8377: 3003:

in a schism, the most significant among these being the Church of

2991:

was tantamount to Nestorianism. Dioscorus of Alexandria advocated

11330: 10944: 10566: 10138: 8976: 8850: 8793: 8135: 8065: 7725: 7689: 6674: 6283: 6263: 6120: 6009: 5468:* Ecumenical status disputed within the Eastern Orthodox Church. 4646:(2nd revised ed.). Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press. 4368:"Coptic Orthodox Diocese of the Southern United States - Q&A" 3568:

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

3391:

The Christian Tradition: A History of the Development of Doctrine

3294:"Council of Chalcedon | Description, History, & Significance" 3097: 2719: 2552: 2412: 2333: 1413: 1263: 721:

Spiritual independence recognized by Georgian Orthodox Church:

613:

Autocephalous Churches who are officially part of the communion:

308: 127: 4354:

See drop-down essay on "Islamic Conquest and the Ottoman Empire"

3774:

Vol. 3. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1908. 8 February 2019

3696:

Vol. 7. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. 9 February 2019

3668:

Vol. 5. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1909. 9 February 2019

3591:

Vol. 5. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1909. 8 February 2019

3576:

Vol. 5. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1909. 6 February 2019

2726:

The canons of every Synod of the holy Fathers shall be observed.

11496:

Pope Pius XII 1942 consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary

10939: 10849: 10754: 10291: 9596: 9581: 9525: 9492: 7151: 7071: 6938: 5490: 4768:

Imperial unity and Christian divisions: The Church 450–680 A.D.

3547:"Eutyches | Biography, Eutychianism, Beliefs, & Facts" 3516:

A History of Christianity in Asia. Volume I: Beginnings to 1500

3236: 3234: 3225:

A History of Christianity in Asia. Volume I: Beginnings to 1500

3198:

A History of Christianity in Asia. Volume I: Beginnings to 1500

2686:

The full text of the definition reaffirms the decisions of the

2606:(New Rome) had the patriarchal status with "equal privileges" ( 2287: 2103:

Whilst this judgment marked a significant turning point in the

1700: 1293: 328: 3055:. They were not alone, and the non-Chalcedon churches compose 2889:

The metropolitan of Jerusalem was given independence from the

254: 248: 10389: 9557: 9521: 7699: 6216: 5676: 5615: 5572: 4023:

How the Bishop of Rome Assumed the Title of "Vicar of Christ"

3984: 3625:. Garden City, New York: Image Books (Doubleday). p. 37. 3149: 3143: 3019: 3015: 2951: 2853: 2839:) to Constantinople as of Rome because Constantinople is the 2677: 2671: 2665: 2653: 2607: 2432: 2421: 2272: 2248: 2167: 2127: 1408: 1311: 4451:

The christological teaching of the non-chalcedonian churches

4448: 4224:, Vol. 1, ed. Norman P. Tanner, S.J. (1990), pp. 75–76. 3231: 3204: 2275:, Eutyches seemed to be denying that Jesus was fully human. 9562: 9281: 4933:. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. pp. 178–196. 4927:"An Unholy Crew? Bishops Behaving Badly at Church Councils" 4916:

The Council of Chalcedon: A Historical and Doctrinal Survey

4893:. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. pp. 169–177. 4726:. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. pp. 107–116. 4187:

Opp. S. Leonis, Ep. 98. Ep. 101. Ep. 132. Ep. 100. 232,

3421: 2598:. It also insisted on the completeness of his two natures: 2221: 2194:

that Jesus was a created being. This was reaffirmed at the

1273: 4870:. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. pp. 92–106. 4608:

A history of the later Roman empire from Arcadius to Irene

281: 11385:

Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution

4847:. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. pp. 70–91. 4557:

Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Council of Chalcedon".

2655:ἐν δύο φύσεσιν ἀσυγχύτως, ἀτρέπτως, ἀδιαιρέτως, ἀχωρίστως 275: 266: 236: 5176:(Basel/Lausanne: 1431–1449; Ferrara/Florence: 1438–1445) 4669:. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. pp. 7–26. 4449:

A. El-Moharraky, Pakhoum; Atalla Girgis, Waheeb (1995).

4011:

https://earlychurchtexts.com/public/chalcedon_canons.htm

2932:

The Council of Nicaea in 325 had noted that the Sees of

2866:, is an extract from the minutes of the fourth session. 4864:"Truth, Omission, and Fiction in the Acts of Chalcedon" 4285:"Canon xxviii & eastern papalism: cause or effect?" 3602:

St. Cyril of Alexandria: The Christological Controversy

8317:

Political influence of Evangelicalism in Latin America

4971:

The U.S. Oriental Orthodox–Roman Catholic Consultation

4813:. Vol. 2. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. 4792:. Vol. 1. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. 4720:"Why Did the Syrians reject the Council of Chalcedon?" 2913:. The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, s.v. 2874:

The status of the sees of Constantinople and Jerusalem

694:

Autocephaly recognized by some autocephalous Churches

11416:

Dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary

4834:. Vol. 3. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. 4423: 4339:

Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs

4005:

The canon in the original language can be seen here:

3589:

Chapman, John. "Dioscurus." The Catholic Encyclopedia

284: 272: 263: 245: 233: 197:, many disputes involving particular bishops and sees 3574:

Chapman, John. "Eutyches." The Catholic Encyclopedia

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Churches that rejected Chalcedon in favor of Ephesus

2976: 278: 269: 251: 239: 4514: 4512: 4413:. The Library of Congress. Oxford, Clarendon Press. 4385: 3906:"Questions and Answers by His Grace Bishop Youssef" 260: 242: 10489: 4189:http://www.clerus.org/bibliaclerusonline/en/ui.htm 4175:A Response to 'Evangelicals, Catholics, and Unity' 4046: 2535:of the council are recognized as normative by the 2527:Spectrum of Christological views in late antiquity 3929:Donald S. Armentrout; Robert Boak Slocum (2005). 2694:(325). It also canonises as authoritative two of 2551:agree that the council's teachings regarding the 2294:, brought a counter charge of heresy against the 11736: 11486:Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII 4509: 4491: 4489: 4469:Liturgical Texts – Menaion – July – Holy Fathers 4040: 4038: 3640: 3638: 3636: 3634: 3632: 2086:Chalcedon marked on a map of the Istanbul region 304:of the Christian Church. It was convoked by the 4828:Price, Richard; Gaddis, Michael, eds. (2005c). 4807:Price, Richard; Gaddis, Michael, eds. (2005b). 4786:Price, Richard; Gaddis, Michael, eds. (2005a). 3805: 3803: 2920: 2698:'s letters and the Tome of Leo written against 2464:were also hesitant to write a new creed as the 4771:Crestwood, NY: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press. 4581:, 1846. Reprinted 2008. Evolution Publishing, 3935:. Church Publishing Incorporated. p. 81. 3809: 3730:Cross, F.L.; Livingstone, E.A., eds. (1974). " 3684:, Cambridge University Press, 1972, pps. 41–43 2448:. All the sessions were held in the church of 10475: 8393: 6716: 6390:Architecture of cathedrals and great churches 6089: 5506: 4991: 4931:Chalcedon in Context: Church Councils 400–700 4891:Chalcedon in Context: Church Councils 400–700 4868:Chalcedon in Context: Church Councils 400–700 4845:Chalcedon in Context: Church Councils 400–700 4841:"The Council of Chalcedon (451): A Narrative" 4724:Chalcedon in Context: Church Councils 400–700 4667:Chalcedon in Context: Church Councils 400–700 4486: 4322:The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church 4134:"Catholic Encyclopedia: Council of Chalcedon" 4035: 3882:"Orthodox And Oriental Orthodox Consultation" 3784: 3782: 3780: 3742: 3740: 3629: 3318:"Catholic Encyclopedia: Council of Chalcedon" 2901:, one of the five patriarchates known as the 2037: 1846:Renaissance depiction of the Council of Trent 1783: 4827: 4806: 4785: 4700:(3rd ed.). London-New York: Continuum. 4311:, ed. Norman P. Tanner, SJ, pp. 99–100. 4080: 3800: 3428:. Liverpool University Press. pp. 1–5. 3079: 6730: 4327: 4076: 4074: 4044: 3252: 2834: 2659: 2613: 2119:, and led to the council being regarded as 11501:Dogma of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary 11451:Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart 10482: 10468: 10322:International Alliance of Catholic Knights 8400: 8386: 6723: 6709: 5513: 5499: 4998: 4984: 4887:"Acclamations at the Council of Chalcedon" 4761: 4740: 4636: 4619:Catholicity and Heresy in the Early Church 4556: 3990: 3922: 3777: 3748:"Council of Chalcedon | Christianity" 3737: 3584: 3582: 3240: 3210: 2995:and had dominated the Council of Ephesus. 2878: 2625: 2393: 2044: 2030: 1840: 1790: 1776: 4324:. New York: Oxford University Press. 2005 4212:. New Edition. Penguin Books. 1997. p. 26 4085:. Houghton Mifflin Company. p. 214. 3070: 2313: 2235:Cyril had taught that "There is only one 2186:) determined that Jesus Christ was God, " 216:Chronological list of ecumenical councils 5372:Ancient church councils (pre-ecumenical) 4428:. Oxford University Press. p. 146. 4235:"L'idea di pentarchia nella cristianità" 4071: 4049:A Concise History of the Catholic Church 3765: 3623:A Popular History of the Catholic Church 3459:"Christianity's Great Schism of 1054 AD" 3253:Price, Richard; Gaddis, Michael (2007). 3105:Patriarch Philotheus I of Constantinople 3096:have been composed and are found in the 2635: 2522: 2431:Leo had pressed for it to take place in 2397: 2205: 8141:Fostering of early experimental science 5472: 5005: 4884: 4615: 3579: 3513: 3387: 3340: 3222: 3195: 185:in 449, the alleged offences of Bishop 11737: 8781: 8245:Fundamentalist – Modernist controversy 4921: 4861: 4838: 4758:(Washington D.C.: Corpus Books, 1969). 4596:The Oecumenical Documents of the Faith 4403: 4222:The Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils 4081:Noble, Thomas; Strauss, Barry (2005). 4009:. English translation available here: 3844: 3620: 3422:Richard Price; Michael Gaddis (2006). 2182:In 325, the first ecumenical council ( 311:. The council convened in the city of 34:Fourth Ecumenical Council of Chalcedon 10463: 8381: 6704: 5494: 4979: 4714: 4690: 4660: 4594:Bindley, T. Herbert and F. W. Green, 4362: 4360: 4172: 4128: 4126: 4001: 3999: 3932:An Episcopal dictionary of the church 3659: 3541: 3539: 3537: 3453: 3451: 2370:According to a letter to the Empress 355:) or viewed Christ as solely divine ( 4831:The Acts of the Council of Chalcedon 4810:The Acts of the Council of Chalcedon 4789:The Acts of the Council of Chalcedon 4601: 4563:. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 4391: 3682:The Rise of the Monophysite Movement 3531:, Preamble, accessed 8 February 2022 3425:The Acts of the Council of Chalcedon 3288: 3286: 3284: 3256:The Acts of the Council of Chalcedon 2704:Archbishop Flavian of Constantinople 2590:The Council of Chalcedon issued the 2190:" with the Father, and rejected the 1746:Encyclical of the Eastern Patriarchs 1356:Differences from the Catholic Church 1222:History of Eastern Orthodox theology 11355:Suppression of the Society of Jesus 8407: 4756:Christ in Eastern Christian Thought 3847:"Introduction to the Coptic Church" 3487:Encyclopedia of Christianity Online 2543:Churches, as well by certain other 1068:Other possible ecumenical councils: 831:Australia, New Zealand, and Oceania 13: 10910:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran 4426:The Oxford Handbook of Christology 4357: 4309:Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils 4123: 3996: 3604:. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1994. p. 12 3534: 3448: 2833:Canon 28 grants equal privileges ( 2336:in 449, with Dioscorus presiding. 14: 11801: 4949: 4320:"Latrocinium." Cross, F. L., ed. 3816:Greek Orthodox Theological Review 3281: 2977:Consequences: Chalcedonian Schism 2284:Flavian, Bishop of Constantinople 2172:Common Christological Declaration 2091:The ruling of the council stated: 2066: 938:American Orthodox Catholic Church 349:Christ's divine and human natures 11717: 11705: 11036:Fourth Council of Constantinople 10991:Second Council of Constantinople 10444: 10443: 10432: 10400:Society of Saint Vincent de Paul 9948:Criticism of the Catholic Church 6685: 6684: 6673: 5801:State church of the Roman Empire 5520: 5400:State church of the Roman Empire 4961:Text of the Council of Chalcedon 4598:. 2nd ed. London: Methuen, 1950. 4546: 3563: 2402:Council of Chalcedon, fresco at 2138:(381, subsequently known as the 2065: 2058: 2013: 1973:Basel–Ferrara–Florence (1431–42) 1810: 841:Belgium, Holland, and Luxembourg 381: 229: 115:Second Council of Constantinople 27: 16:451 Christian ecumenical council 11755:First seven ecumenical councils 11006:Third Council of Constantinople 10930:First Council of Constantinople 8567:First seven ecumenical councils 5784:First seven ecumenical councils 5231:First seven ecumenical councils 5095:First seven ecumenical councils 5015:First seven ecumenical councils 4567: 4532:from the original on 2013-09-27 4457: 4442: 4417: 4397: 4314: 4302: 4277: 4254:Encyclopedia of World Religions 4245: 4227: 4215: 4202: 4193: 4181: 4166: 4150: 4099: 4015: 3955: 3898: 3874: 3863:from the original on 2006-06-22 3838: 3826: 3724: 3699: 3687: 3671: 3614: 3594: 3557: 3522: 3507: 3475: 3415: 3381: 3166: 3156: 3092:For both of the above complete 2446:first seven ecumenical councils 2387:between the East and the West. 2196:First Council of Constantinople 1161:Christianization of Kievan Rus' 1022:First Seven Ecumenical Councils 333:first seven ecumenical councils 11245:Dissolution of the monasteries 10511:History of the Catholic Church 9142:Separation of church and state 8104:Separation of church and state 7773:Formal and material principles 7758:Separation of church and state 6651:Relations with other religions 6057:Church of the East (Nestorian) 6052:Oriental Orthodox (Miaphysite) 4424:Francesca Aran Murphy (2015). 3790:"Internet History Sourcebooks" 3388:Pelikan, Jaroslav Jan (1971). 3334: 3310: 3246: 3216: 3189: 3133: 3001:the rest of the Eastern Church 2843:as renewed by canon 36 of the 2359:Throughout these proceedings, 2303:Pope Dioscorus I of Alexandria 1: 11119:Fourth Council of the Lateran 11094:Second Council of the Lateran 10703:Apostles in the New Testament 7768:Hymnody of continental Europe 6919:Apostles in the New Testament 4750:. New York: Sheed & Ward. 3518:. HarperCollins. p. 219. 3341:Worthen, Molly (2008-05-12). 3227:. HarperCollins. p. 219. 3200:. HarperCollins. p. 219. 3183: 2971:Fourth Council of the Lateran 2518: 2292:Eusebius, Bishop of Dorylaeum 2267:– where Arius had denied the 2247:meant approximately what the 2177: 1591:Intercession of the Theotokos 1366:Opposition to papal supremacy 1185:Moscow–Constantinople schism 886:Switzerland and Liechtenstein 203:Documents and statements 181:The judgements issued at the 11745:450s in the Byzantine Empire 11233:Catholic Counter-Reformation 11099:Third Council of the Lateran 11089:First Council of the Lateran 10545:Catholic ecumenical councils 4453:. Manchester: Costa Tsoumas. 4045:Bokenkotter, Thomas (2004). 3833:History of the Coptic Church 3150: 2921:The status of Constantinople 2690:and the pre-eminence of the 2672: 2666: 2640:Council of Chalcedon in the 1896:Constantinople III (680–681) 1156:Christianization of Bulgaria 7: 11750:5th-century church councils 7216:Eastern Orthodox opposition 6358:Views on poverty and wealth 4885:Roueché, Charlotte (2009). 3514:Moffett, Samuel H. (1992). 3223:Moffett, Samuel H. (1992). 3196:Moffett, Samuel H. (1992). 3114: 1906:Constantinople IV (869–870) 1711:Photios I of Constantinople 1228:20th century (Neo-Palamism) 1151:Christianization of Georgia 148:Patriarch of Constantinople 10: 11806: 10579:History of the Roman Curia 10439:Catholic Church portal 7233:Art patronage of Julius II 6603:World Evangelical Alliance 6565:Traditionalist Catholicism 3845:Tadros, Y. Malaty (1993). 3495:10.1163/2211-2685_eco_c358 3463:www.ecumenicalexaminer.com 3261:Liverpool University Press 3144: 2980: 2952: 2915:patriarch (ecclesiastical) 2882: 2678: 2654: 2629: 2608: 2585: 2561:Oriental Orthodox Churches 2317: 2224:from Constantinople named 2209: 2113:Oriental Orthodox Churches 1361:Opposition to the Filioque 904:Noncanonical jurisdictions 48:8 October – 1 November 451 11700: 11600: 11466: 11393: 11328: 11315:European wars of religion 11212: 11147: 11049: 10971: 10862: 10785: 10645: 10634: 10626:Eastern Catholic Churches 10501: 10427: 10365:Aid to the Church in Need 10355: 10212: 10025: 9986:Vatican Television Center 9961: 9871: 9761: 9631:Eastern Catholic Churches 9612: 9501: 9394: 9341: 9266: 9237: 9162: 9087: 9022: 8967: 8886: 8756: 8670: 8602: 8547: 8466: 8443: 8415: 8325: 8160: 8079: 8008: 7943: 7865: 7796: 7736:Calvinist–Arminian debate 7710: 7477: 7360: 7196: 7087: 6969: 6867: 6756: 6738: 6668: 6618: 6598:World Council of Churches 6573: 6491: 6375: 6366: 6321: 6106: 6090: 6085:Latter Day Saint movement 6070: 6030: 5930: 5911: 5857: 5814: 5759: 5665: 5644: 5603: 5571: 5528: 5466: 5448:Conference of Addis Ababa 5363: 5316: 5261: 5216: 5082: 5013: 4909:Two Ancient Christologies 4747:Orthodoxy and Catholicity 4616:Edwards, Mark J. (2009). 4287:. AOI USA. Archived from 4257:. Merriam-Webster. 1999. 4107:"Chalcedonian Definition" 3359:10.1017/s0009640708000590 3080:Liturgical commemorations 2885:Jerusalem in Christianity 2709: 2349:Second Council of Ephesus 2320:Second Council of Ephesus 2220:'s death in 444, an aged 2170:in 544. Through the 1994 1802: 1598:The four fasting periods: 1479:Eastern Orthodox marriage 1087:Other important councils: 943:American World Patriarchs 861:Great Britain and Ireland 339:against the teachings of 214: 201: 183:Second Council of Ephesus 177: 169: 137: 120: 108: 96: 52: 44: 26: 21: 11446:Mary of the Divine Heart 11069:Clash against the empire 11021:Second Council of Nicaea 10915:Old St. Peter's Basilica 10307:Communion and Liberation 9771:Eastern Catholic liturgy 8936:Mystici Corporis Christi 8864:Sixto-Clementine Vulgate 8225:Christian existentialism 6626:Anti-Christian sentiment 5806:Christian biblical canon 5265:Oriental Orthodox Church 4862:Price, Richard (2009b). 4839:Price, Richard (2009a). 4683:Hefele, Charles Joseph. 4661:Gwynn, David M. (2009). 3835:, Father Menassa Yuhanna 3600:McGuckin, John Anthony. 3126: 3121:Pamphilus the Theologian 2466:First Council of Ephesus 2263:, a sort of reversal of 2200:First Council of Ephesus 1641:Athanasius of Alexandria 891:United States of America 683:Czech Lands and Slovakia 505:Four Marks of the Church 347:. Such doctrines viewed 189:, the definition of the 36:, 1876 painting by 11765:Schisms in Christianity 11712:Vatican City portal 11064:Investiture Controversy 10920:First Council of Nicaea 9122:Philosophy of canon law 9052:Mariology of the saints 8632:Investiture Controversy 6732:History of Christianity 6680:Christianity portal 5839:Investiture Controversy 5440:Synod of Constantinople 5221:Eastern Orthodox Church 4918:, (London, SPCK, 1953). 3810:John Romanides (1964). 3794:sourcebooks.fordham.edu 3621:Hughes, Philip (1954). 3551:Encyclopedia Britannica 3483:"Chalcedon, Council of" 3298:Encyclopedia Britannica 3151:Synodos tēs Chalkēdonos 3086:Eastern Orthodox Church 2891:metropolitan of Antioch 2879:The status of Jerusalem 2855:hos oikeia te kai phila 2854: 2670:) and one Subsistence ( 2632:Chalcedonian Definition 2626:Confession of Chalcedon 2592:Chalcedonian Definition 2439:Bishops Paschasinus of 2394:Convocation and session 2184:First Council of Nicaea 2144:St. Cyril of Alexandria 2136:Creed of Constantinople 1891:Constantinople II (553) 1474:Eastern Orthodox bowing 375:Eastern Orthodox Church 298:Concilium Chalcedonense 187:Dioscorus of Alexandria 64:Eastern Orthodox Church 11790:Nature of Jesus Christ 11724:Catholicism portal 11535:Second Vatican Council 11421:Our Lady of La Salette 11228:Protestant Reformation 11215:Protestant Reformation 11134:Second Council of Lyon 10523:Ecclesiastical history 10375:Catholic Charities USA 10009:Acta Apostolicae Sedis 9997:Vatican Polyglot Press 9047:Mariology of the popes 8685:Protestant Reformation 8293:Fourth Great Awakening 8180:Second Great Awakening 7419:Fall of Constantinople 7211:Development of primacy 6631:Christian universalism 6022:Western Rite Orthodoxy 5867:Protestant Reformation 4697:Early Christian Creeds 4156:Migne, Jacquies Paul, 3648:. Ccel.org. 2005-06-01 3145:Σύνοδος τῆς Χαλκηδόνος 3071:Oriental Orthodox view 3009:Coptic Orthodox Church 2958: 2909:was created in 531 by 2835: 2684: 2660: 2644: 2615:aequalibus privilegiis 2614: 2528: 2407: 2314:Latrocinium of Ephesus 2216:About two years after 2121:Chalcedon, the Ominous 2101: 2020:Catholicism portal 1865:Constantinople I (381) 1751:Eastern Orthodox cross 916:Spiritual Christianity 297: 11431:First Vatican Council 11129:First Council of Lyon 10893:Constantine the Great 10589:Christian monasticism 10129:Good Shepherd Sisters 9971:Holy See Press Office 9209:Doctors of the Church 9042:Immaculate Conception 8997:Anointing of the Sick 8532:History of the papacy 8288:Reformed epistemology 8230:Third Great Awakening 8200:Seventh-day Adventist 8121:First Great Awakening 7994:Book of Common Prayer 7788:Protestant work ethic 7331:Independent Catholics 7282:Monastery dissolution 6289:Anointing of the Sick 4560:Catholic Encyclopedia 4405:Butler, Alfred Joshua 4053:. Doubleday. p. 3007:, today known as the 2981:Further information: 2947: 2649: 2639: 2604:See of Constantinople 2526: 2509:hypostatically joined 2454:Karl Josef von Hefele 2401: 2347:On August 8, 449 the 2340:letter, now known as 2307:John Anthony McGuckin 2206:Eutychian controversy 2093: 1761:Statistics by country 1686:Maximus the Confessor 1114:Constantinople (1872) 11608:Sexual abuse scandal 11517:Mit brennender Sorge 11360:Age of Enlightenment 11139:Bernard of Clairvaux 11016:Byzantine Iconoclasm 10955:Council of Chalcedon 10735:Council of Jerusalem 10604:Role in civilization 10584:Religious institutes 10516:By country or region 10002:L'Osservatore Romano 9940:Role in civilisation 9666:Croatian and Serbian 9414:Episcopal conference 9376:St. Peter's Basilica 8734:Sexual abuse scandal 8690:Catholic Reformation 8111:Edicts of toleration 7920:Three Forms of Unity 7685:Bohemian Reformation 7258:Catholic Reformation 7115:Roman state religion 6934:Council of Jerusalem 6610:Nondenominationalism 6483:Role in civilization 5950:Independent Catholic 5892:Relations with Islam 5872:Catholic Reformation 5456:Pan-Orthodox Council 4956:Council of Chalcedon 4911:(London: SPCK, 1940) 4622:. Farnham: Ashgate. 4111:Earlychurchtexts.com 4083:Western Civilization 3963:"Ecumenical Council" 3854:www.copticchurch.net 3061:Church of Alexandria 2905:, when the title of 2609:τῶν ἴσων ἀπολαύουσαν 2533:dogmatic definitions 2428:, to marry Marcian. 2404:Ferapontov Monastery 2128:statements of belief 2083:class=notpageimage| 2004:Vatican II (1962–65) 1696:Theodore the Studite 1661:Gregory of Nazianzus 1519:Russian bell ringing 1444:Liturgical entrances 1254:Essence vs. Energies 1249:Contemplative prayer 1002:Evangelical Orthodox 824:Episcopal assemblies 547:Ecumenical Patriarch 500:Apostolic succession 225:Council of Chalcedon 132:Eastern Roman Empire 22:Council of Chalcedon 11436:Papal infallibility 11426:Our Lady of Lourdes 11375:Shimabara Rebellion 11219:Counter-Reformation 10337:Neocatechumenal Way 10302:Charismatic Renewal 10016:Annuario Pontificio 9614:Particular churches 9290:Ecumenical councils 9062:Perpetual virginity 8897:Communitas perfecta 8841:Sermon on the Mount 8283:Liberation theology 8190:Jehovah's Witnesses 8023:Radical Reformation 7751:Resistance theories 7638:Christian mysticism 7633:Early Scholasticism 7345:Ecclesial community 7243:Counter-Reformation 7108:Constantinian shift 6656:Unlimited atonement 6641:Cultural Christians 6080:Jehovah's Witnesses 5702:Sermon on the Mount 5631:Christian tradition 5558:Lists of Christians 5353:Synod of Beth Lapat 5007:Ecumenical councils 4210:The Orthodox Church 4199:To Leo, Epistle 132 4173:Kelly, Art (2004). 3993:, pp. 167–178. 3243:, pp. 287–289. 2983:Non-Chalcedonianism 2696:Cyril of Alexandria 2642:Nuremberg Chronicle 2483:St. John Chrysostom 2218:Cyril of Alexandria 1999:Vatican I (1869–70) 1991:19th–20th centuries 1978:Lateran V (1512–17) 1968:Constance (1414–18) 1960:15th–16th centuries 1914:12th–14th centuries 1829:Ecumenical councils 1706:Cyril and Methodius 1676:Cyril of Alexandria 1563:Liturgical calendar 1379:Liturgy and worship 1015:Ecumenical councils 418:History of theology 74:Old Catholic Church 11770:Theodosian dynasty 11760:Oriental Orthodoxy 11481:Our Lady of Fátima 11270:Ignatius of Loyola 11194:Catherine of Siena 11162:Pope Boniface VIII 10981:Benedict of Nursia 10950:Council of Ephesus 10787:Ante-Nicene period 10740:Split with Judaism 10574:Crusading movement 10174:Premonstratensians 8557:Ante-Nicene period 8435:Lists of Catholics 8357:Oriental Orthodoxy 8000:King James Version 7812:Ninety-five Theses 7608:Apostolic Brethren 7382:Church of the East 7377:Oriental Orthodoxy 7223:Crusading movement 6743:Early Christianity 6501:Crusading movement 5769:Ante-Nicene period 5432:Synod of Jerusalem 5345:Seleucia-Ctesiphon 5320:Church of the East 5064:Constantinople III 4754:Meyendorff, John, 4028:2017-08-05 at the 4021:Schwerin, Philip, 3213:, p. 287-289. 3065:primus inter pares 3057:Oriental Orthodoxy 3043:Abraham of Farshut 2688:Council of Ephesus 2658: – 2645: 2529: 2408: 2332:which was held in 2160:Church of the East 2152:Tome of Pope Leo I 2142:), two letters of 1932:Lateran III (1179) 1656:Cyril of Jerusalem 1586:Feast of Orthodoxy 881:Spain and Portugal 389:Christ Pantocrator 337:Council of Ephesus 302:ecumenical council 208:Chalcedonian Creed 103:Council of Ephesus 79:Anglican Communion 69:Church of the East 11732: 11731: 11692:COVID-19 pandemic 11670:Pope Benedict XVI 11575:Pope John Paul II 11350:Pope Benedict XIV 11336:French Revolution 11320:Thirty Years' War 11310:Robert Bellarmine 11295:John of the Cross 11199:Pope Alexander VI 11184:Council of Vienne 11114:Francis of Assisi 11104:Pope Innocent III 10973:Early Middle Ages 10967: 10966: 10963: 10962: 10905:Arian controversy 10858: 10857: 10806:Apostolic Fathers 10457: 10456: 9867: 9866: 9260: 9083: 9082: 8775: 8752: 8751: 8744:COVID-19 pandemic 8714:French Revolution 8704:Thirty Years' War 8612:Islamic conquests 8525:Apostolic fathers 8460: 8375: 8374: 8352:Eastern Orthodoxy 8220:Finnish Awakening 8175:Holiness movement 8116:Congregationalism 8075: 8074: 7935:Metrical psalters 7372:Eastern Orthodoxy 7316:Neo-Scholasticism 7023:Canon development 6924:Jewish Christians 6698: 6697: 6664: 6663: 6592:Charta Oecumenica 6102: 6101: 6092:Iglesia ni Cristo 5907: 5906: 5887:French Revolution 5877:Thirty Years' War 5749:Apostolic fathers 5717:Great Commandment 5488: 5487: 5416:Quinisext Council 5317:Recognized by the 5262:Recognized by the 5239:Constantinople IV 5217:Recognized by the 5102:Constantinople IV 5084:Recognized by the 5056:Constantinople II 4778:978-0-88-141056-3 4692:Kelly, John N. D. 4638:Grillmeier, Aloys 4587:978-1-889758-88-6 4208:Ware, Kallistos, 4163:, 1038 & 1143 4159:Patrologia Latina 4138:www.newadvent.org 3401:978-0-226-65370-9 3322:www.newadvent.org 3270:978-1-84631-100-0 2845:Quinisext Council 2618:in Latin) to the 2115:from the rest of 2109:Oriental Orthodox 2054: 2053: 1937:Lateran IV (1215) 1927:Lateran II (1139) 1883:6th–9th centuries 1852:4th–5th centuries 1800: 1799: 1651:Basil of Caesarea 1646:Ephrem the Syrian 1529:Sign of the cross 1504:Paschal troparion 1284:Mystical theology 1094:Quinisext Council 795:Semi-Autonomous: 440:View of salvation 300:) was the fourth 221: 220: 195:manhood of Christ 11797: 11722: 11721: 11710: 11709: 11708: 11687:Patriarch Kirill 11560:Pope John Paul I 11365:Anti-clericalism 11345:Pope Innocent XI 11265:Society of Jesus 11250:Council of Trent 11204:Age of Discovery 11149:Late Middle Ages 11051:High Middle Ages 11041:East–West Schism 10925:Pope Sylvester I 10871: 10870: 10860: 10859: 10770:General epistles 10765:Pauline epistles 10698:John the Baptist 10681:Great Commission 10643: 10642: 10594:Catholic culture 10484: 10477: 10470: 10461: 10460: 10447: 10446: 10437: 10436: 10179:Redemptoristines 10027:Religious orders 9953:Anti-Catholicism 9903:Church buildings 9763:Catholic liturgy 9503:Consecrated life 9361:Apostolic Palace 9328:Synod of Bishops 9264: 9263: 9240: 8846:Ten Commandments 8779: 8778: 8761: 8662:Age of Discovery 8496:Great Commission 8464: 8463: 8448: 8402: 8395: 8388: 8379: 8378: 7794: 7793: 7181:Non-Chalcedonian 7162:Constantinople I 6954:General epistles 6949:Pauline epistles 6929:Paul the Apostle 6907:Great Commission 6725: 6718: 6711: 6702: 6701: 6688: 6687: 6678: 6677: 6521:Environmentalism 6471:Church buildings 6373: 6372: 6188:Eastern Orthodox 6183:Eastern Catholic 6095: 6094: 6062:Eastern Catholic 6040:Eastern Orthodox 5928: 5927: 5849:Age of Discovery 5834:East–West Schism 5732:Great Commission 5663: 5662: 5515: 5508: 5501: 5492: 5491: 5479: 5476: 5459: 5451: 5443: 5435: 5427: 5419: 5411: 5395: 5383: 5356: 5348: 5340: 5337:Constantinople I 5332: 5309: 5301: 5293: 5285: 5282:Constantinople I 5277: 5254: 5250:Constantinople V 5244: 5233: 5223: 5209: 5201: 5193: 5185: 5177: 5169: 5161: 5153: 5145: 5137: 5129: 5121: 5113: 5105: 5097: 5075: 5067: 5059: 5051: 5043: 5035: 5032:Constantinople I 5027: 5000: 4993: 4986: 4977: 4976: 4944: 4904: 4881: 4858: 4835: 4824: 4803: 4782: 4763:Meyendorff, John 4751: 4742:Meyendorff, John 4737: 4711: 4680: 4657: 4633: 4612: 4564: 4550: 4549: 4541: 4540: 4538: 4537: 4531: 4524: 4516: 4507: 4506: 4504: 4503: 4493: 4484: 4483: 4481: 4480: 4461: 4455: 4454: 4446: 4440: 4439: 4421: 4415: 4414: 4401: 4395: 4389: 4383: 4382: 4380: 4378: 4364: 4355: 4353: 4351: 4350: 4341:. Archived from 4331: 4325: 4318: 4312: 4306: 4300: 4299: 4297: 4296: 4281: 4275: 4274: 4272: 4271: 4264:978-0-87779044-0 4249: 4243: 4242: 4231: 4225: 4219: 4213: 4206: 4200: 4197: 4191: 4185: 4179: 4178: 4170: 4164: 4154: 4148: 4147: 4145: 4144: 4130: 4121: 4120: 4118: 4117: 4103: 4097: 4096: 4078: 4069: 4068: 4052: 4042: 4033: 4019: 4013: 4003: 3994: 3988: 3982: 3981: 3979: 3978: 3969:. Archived from 3959: 3953: 3952: 3950: 3949: 3926: 3920: 3919: 3917: 3916: 3902: 3896: 3895: 3893: 3892: 3878: 3872: 3871: 3869: 3868: 3862: 3851: 3842: 3836: 3830: 3824: 3823: 3807: 3798: 3797: 3786: 3775: 3769: 3763: 3762: 3760: 3759: 3744: 3735: 3728: 3722: 3721: 3719: 3718: 3709:. Archived from 3703: 3697: 3691: 3685: 3675: 3669: 3663: 3657: 3656: 3654: 3653: 3642: 3627: 3626: 3618: 3612: 3598: 3592: 3586: 3577: 3567: 3566: 3561: 3555: 3554: 3543: 3532: 3526: 3520: 3519: 3511: 3505: 3504: 3502: 3501: 3479: 3473: 3472: 3470: 3469: 3455: 3446: 3445: 3443: 3442: 3419: 3413: 3412: 3410: 3408: 3385: 3379: 3378: 3338: 3332: 3331: 3329: 3328: 3314: 3308: 3307: 3305: 3304: 3290: 3279: 3278: 3273:. Archived from 3259:. Vol. 45. 3250: 3244: 3238: 3229: 3228: 3220: 3214: 3208: 3202: 3201: 3193: 3177: 3170: 3164: 3160: 3154: 3153: 3147: 3146: 3137: 2955: 2954: 2857: 2838: 2681: 2680: 2675: 2669: 2663: 2657: 2656: 2617: 2611: 2610: 2545:Western Churches 2537:Eastern Orthodox 2426:magister militum 2377:Lateran Basilica 2192:Arian contention 2069: 2068: 2062: 2046: 2039: 2032: 2018: 2017: 1952:Vienne (1311–12) 1922:Lateran I (1123) 1844: 1814: 1807: 1806: 1792: 1785: 1778: 1691:John of Damascus 1666:Gregory of Nyssa 1494:Paschal greeting 1459:Memorial service 1269:Hypostatic union 1146:Byzantine Empire 931:Old Calendarists 552:Episcopal polity 495:Christian Church 385: 362: 361: 291: 290: 287: 286: 283: 280: 277: 274: 271: 268: 265: 262: 257: 256: 253: 250: 247: 244: 241: 238: 235: 121:Convoked by 98:Previous council 53:Accepted by 31: 19: 18: 11805: 11804: 11800: 11799: 11798: 11796: 11795: 11794: 11735: 11734: 11733: 11728: 11716: 11706: 11704: 11696: 11618:World Youth Day 11596: 11585:World Youth Day 11529:Pacem in terris 11523:Pope John XXIII 11462: 11389: 11380:Edict of Nantes 11338: 11334: 11324: 11290:Teresa of Ávila 11285:Tridentine Mass 11221: 11217: 11208: 11189:Knights Templar 11143: 11045: 11001:Gregorian chant 10959: 10885: 10882: 10879: 10877: 10866: 10854: 10781: 10650: 10638: 10630: 10497: 10495:Catholic Church 10488: 10458: 10453: 10431: 10423: 10402: 10385:Relief Services 10351: 10297:Catholic Action 10287:Military orders 10224:Confraternities 10216:of the faithful 10215: 10208: 10030: 10021: 9957: 9863: 9757: 9616: 9608: 9541:Prior, Prioress 9497: 9390: 9386:Vatican Museums 9337: 9270: 9256: 9252: 9248: 9244: 9239: 9233: 9158: 9112:Social teaching 9079: 9018: 8963: 8918:One true church 8882: 8859:Sixtine Vulgate 8855:Official Bible 8769: 8765: 8760: 8748: 8666: 8598: 8543: 8513:Petrine primacy 8456: 8452: 8447: 8439: 8411: 8409:Catholic Church 8406: 8376: 8371: 8321: 8308:Christian right 8210:Oxford Movement 8185:Restorationists 8156: 8071: 8004: 7939: 7890:Presbyterianism 7861: 7841:Book of Concord 7792: 7716: 7714: 7706: 7473: 7363: 7356: 7192: 7091: 7083: 7042:Clement of Rome 6972: 6965: 6869: 6863: 6752: 6734: 6729: 6699: 6694: 6672: 6660: 6614: 6569: 6487: 6368: 6362: 6317: 6242:One true church 6098: 6066: 6026: 5915: 5903: 5853: 5810: 5755: 5682:in Christianity 5668: 5654: 5648: 5640: 5599: 5575: 5567: 5524: 5519: 5489: 5484: 5483: 5482: 5477: 5473: 5462: 5454: 5446: 5438: 5430: 5422: 5414: 5398: 5386: 5370: 5359: 5351: 5343: 5335: 5327: 5318: 5312: 5304: 5296: 5288: 5280: 5272: 5263: 5257: 5247: 5236: 5229: 5219: 5218: 5212: 5204: 5196: 5188: 5180: 5172: 5164: 5156: 5148: 5140: 5132: 5124: 5116: 5108: 5100: 5093: 5086:Catholic Church 5085: 5078: 5070: 5062: 5054: 5046: 5038: 5030: 5022: 5009: 5004: 4952: 4947: 4941: 4923:Whitby, Michael 4914:Sellers, R.V., 4907:Sellers, R.V., 4901: 4878: 4855: 4821: 4800: 4779: 4734: 4708: 4677: 4654: 4630: 4570: 4547: 4544: 4535: 4533: 4529: 4522: 4518: 4517: 4510: 4501: 4499: 4495: 4494: 4487: 4478: 4476: 4463: 4462: 4458: 4447: 4443: 4436: 4422: 4418: 4402: 4398: 4390: 4386: 4376: 4374: 4366: 4365: 4358: 4348: 4346: 4333: 4332: 4328: 4319: 4315: 4307: 4303: 4294: 4292: 4283: 4282: 4278: 4269: 4267: 4265: 4251: 4250: 4246: 4233: 4232: 4228: 4220: 4216: 4207: 4203: 4198: 4194: 4186: 4182: 4171: 4167: 4155: 4151: 4142: 4140: 4132: 4131: 4124: 4115: 4113: 4105: 4104: 4100: 4093: 4079: 4072: 4065: 4043: 4036: 4030:Wayback Machine 4020: 4016: 4004: 3997: 3991:Meyendorff 1989 3989: 3985: 3976: 3974: 3961: 3960: 3956: 3947: 3945: 3943: 3927: 3923: 3914: 3912: 3904: 3903: 3899: 3890: 3888: 3880: 3879: 3875: 3866: 3864: 3860: 3849: 3843: 3839: 3831: 3827: 3808: 3801: 3788: 3787: 3778: 3770: 3766: 3757: 3755: 3746: 3745: 3738: 3729: 3725: 3716: 3714: 3705: 3704: 3700: 3692: 3688: 3678:Frend, W. H. C. 3676: 3672: 3664: 3660: 3651: 3649: 3644: 3643: 3630: 3619: 3615: 3599: 3595: 3587: 3580: 3564: 3562: 3558: 3545: 3544: 3535: 3527: 3523: 3512: 3508: 3499: 3497: 3481: 3480: 3476: 3467: 3465: 3457: 3456: 3449: 3440: 3438: 3436: 3420: 3416: 3406: 3404: 3402: 3386: 3382: 3339: 3335: 3326: 3324: 3316: 3315: 3311: 3302: 3300: 3292: 3291: 3282: 3271: 3251: 3247: 3241:Meyendorff 1989 3239: 3232: 3221: 3217: 3211:Meyendorff 1989 3209: 3205: 3194: 3190: 3186: 3181: 3180: 3171: 3167: 3161: 3157: 3138: 3134: 3129: 3117: 3082: 3073: 2999:broke off from 2985: 2979: 2923: 2887: 2881: 2876: 2822:Constantinople. 2754:Constantinople. 2712: 2634: 2628: 2588: 2521: 2396: 2322: 2316: 2214: 2208: 2180: 2162:may be called " 2132:Creed of Nicaea 2089: 2088: 2087: 2085: 2079: 2078: 2077: 2076: 2070: 2050: 2012: 1983:Trent (1545–63) 1901:Nicaea II (787) 1875:Chalcedon (451) 1847: 1834:Catholic Church 1831: 1805: 1796: 1767: 1766: 1765: 1730: 1722: 1721: 1720: 1716:Gregory Palamas 1671:John Chrysostom 1635: 1627: 1626: 1625: 1595: 1575:12 Great Feasts 1565: 1555: 1554: 1553: 1449:Liturgical fans 1391:Divine Services 1381: 1371: 1370: 1352: 1217: 1207: 1206: 1205: 1130: 1120: 1119: 1118: 1084: 1065: 1017: 1007: 1006: 998: 947: 926:Catacomb Church 905: 897: 896: 895: 866:Italy and Malta 825: 817: 816: 815: 793: 784:Bessarabia (RP) 748: 737: 736: 735: 733: 731: 708: 692: 688:North Macedonia 611: 600: 599: 598: 526: 516: 515: 514: 483: 480: 465: 457: 395: 259: 232: 228: 204: 111: 99: 59:Catholic Church 40: 17: 12: 11: 5: 11803: 11793: 11792: 11787: 11782: 11777: 11772: 11767: 11762: 11757: 11752: 11747: 11730: 11729: 11727: 11726: 11714: 11701: 11698: 11697: 11695: 11694: 11689: 11684: 11677: 11672: 11667: 11666: 11665: 11660: 11655: 11650: 11645: 11640: 11635: 11630: 11625: 11615: 11610: 11604: 11602: 11598: 11597: 11595: 11594: 11593: 11592: 11582: 11577: 11572: 11567: 11562: 11557: 11547: 11542: 11537: 11532: 11525: 11520: 11513: 11508: 11506:Lateran Treaty 11503: 11498: 11493: 11488: 11483: 11478: 11472: 11470: 11464: 11463: 11461: 11460: 11453: 11448: 11443: 11438: 11433: 11428: 11423: 11418: 11413: 11408: 11403: 11397: 11395: 11391: 11390: 11388: 11387: 11382: 11377: 11372: 11367: 11362: 11357: 11352: 11347: 11341: 11339: 11331:Baroque period 11329: 11326: 11325: 11323: 11322: 11317: 11312: 11307: 11302: 11300:Peter Canisius 11297: 11292: 11287: 11282: 11277: 11275:Francis Xavier 11272: 11267: 11262: 11257: 11252: 11247: 11242: 11239:Exsurge Domine 11235: 11230: 11224: 11222: 11213: 11210: 11209: 11207: 11206: 11201: 11196: 11191: 11186: 11181: 11179:Pope Clement V 11176: 11175: 11174: 11172:Avignon Papacy 11167:Western Schism 11164: 11159: 11157:Thomas Aquinas 11153: 11151: 11145: 11144: 11142: 11141: 11136: 11131: 11126: 11121: 11116: 11111: 11106: 11101: 11096: 11091: 11086: 11081: 11076: 11071: 11066: 11061: 11055: 11053: 11047: 11046: 11044: 11043: 11038: 11033: 11028: 11023: 11018: 11013: 11011:Saint Boniface 11008: 11003: 10998: 10996:Pope Gregory I 10993: 10988: 10983: 10977: 10975: 10969: 10968: 10965: 10964: 10961: 10960: 10958: 10957: 10952: 10947: 10942: 10937: 10935:Biblical canon 10932: 10927: 10922: 10917: 10912: 10907: 10902: 10901: 10900: 10889: 10887: 10868: 10864:Late antiquity 10856: 10855: 10853: 10852: 10847: 10842: 10837: 10832: 10831: 10830: 10825: 10824: 10823: 10818: 10813: 10811:Pope Clement I 10801:Church Fathers 10798: 10792: 10790: 10783: 10782: 10780: 10779: 10778: 10777: 10772: 10767: 10762: 10757: 10752: 10742: 10737: 10732: 10727: 10726: 10725: 10720: 10715: 10710: 10700: 10695: 10690: 10685: 10684: 10683: 10678: 10673: 10668: 10657: 10655: 10640: 10632: 10631: 10629: 10628: 10623: 10618: 10613: 10608: 10607: 10606: 10601: 10591: 10586: 10581: 10576: 10571: 10570: 10569: 10564: 10562:Biblical canon 10557:Catholic Bible 10554: 10553: 10552: 10542: 10541: 10540: 10530: 10525: 10520: 10519: 10518: 10507: 10505: 10499: 10498: 10487: 10486: 10479: 10472: 10464: 10455: 10454: 10452: 10451: 10441: 10428: 10425: 10424: 10422: 10421: 10416: 10411: 10406: 10403: 10397: 10392: 10387: 10382: 10377: 10372: 10367: 10361: 10359: 10353: 10352: 10350: 10349: 10344: 10339: 10334: 10332:Legion of Mary 10329: 10324: 10319: 10314: 10309: 10304: 10299: 10294: 10289: 10284: 10283: 10282: 10281: 10280: 10270: 10269: 10268: 10261:Lay Carmelites 10258: 10248: 10247: 10246: 10241: 10236: 10231: 10220: 10218: 10210: 10209: 10207: 10206: 10201: 10196: 10191: 10186: 10181: 10176: 10171: 10166: 10161: 10156: 10151: 10146: 10141: 10136: 10131: 10126: 10121: 10116: 10111: 10109:Conceptionists 10106: 10101: 10096: 10091: 10086: 10081: 10076: 10071: 10066: 10061: 10056: 10051: 10046: 10044:Assumptionists 10040: 10038: 10023: 10022: 10020: 10019: 10012: 10005: 9998: 9995: 9994: 9993: 9988: 9983: 9973: 9967: 9965: 9959: 9958: 9956: 9955: 9950: 9945: 9942: 9937: 9932: 9927: 9922: 9917: 9912: 9911: 9910: 9900: 9895: 9890: 9889: 9888: 9877: 9875: 9869: 9868: 9865: 9864: 9862: 9861: 9860: 9859: 9858: 9857: 9852: 9847: 9842: 9832: 9827: 9822: 9812: 9811: 9810: 9809: 9808: 9798: 9793: 9788: 9783: 9778: 9767: 9765: 9759: 9758: 9756: 9755: 9754: 9753: 9748: 9746:Syro-Malankara 9743: 9738: 9733: 9728: 9723: 9718: 9713: 9708: 9703: 9698: 9696:Italo-Albanian 9693: 9688: 9683: 9678: 9673: 9668: 9663: 9658: 9653: 9648: 9643: 9638: 9628: 9622: 9620: 9610: 9609: 9607: 9606: 9605: 9604: 9599: 9594: 9584: 9579: 9578: 9577: 9567: 9566: 9565: 9560: 9550: 9545: 9544: 9543: 9538: 9533: 9528: 9514: 9507: 9505: 9499: 9498: 9496: 9495: 9490: 9485: 9480: 9479: 9478: 9473: 9468: 9463: 9458: 9453: 9448: 9443: 9438: 9433: 9423: 9422: 9421: 9416: 9405: 9403: 9392: 9391: 9389: 9388: 9383: 9378: 9373: 9368: 9366:Lateran Treaty 9363: 9358: 9353: 9347: 9345: 9339: 9338: 9336: 9335: 9330: 9325: 9324: 9323: 9313: 9312: 9311: 9306: 9292: 9287: 9278: 9276: 9261: 9235: 9234: 9232: 9231: 9226: 9221: 9216: 9211: 9206: 9201: 9196: 9191: 9186: 9185: 9184: 9179: 9168: 9166: 9160: 9159: 9157: 9156: 9155: 9154: 9149: 9139: 9138: 9137: 9127: 9124: 9119: 9114: 9109: 9104: 9102:Moral theology 9099: 9093: 9091: 9085: 9084: 9081: 9080: 9078: 9077: 9072: 9069: 9064: 9059: 9054: 9049: 9044: 9039: 9034: 9028: 9026: 9020: 9019: 9017: 9016: 9011: 9006: 9005: 9004: 8994: 8989: 8984: 8979: 8973: 8971: 8965: 8964: 8962: 8961: 8956: 8949: 8944: 8939: 8932: 8927: 8926: 8925: 8920: 8910: 8905: 8900: 8892: 8890: 8884: 8883: 8881: 8880: 8875: 8874: 8873: 8866: 8861: 8853: 8848: 8843: 8838: 8833: 8828: 8823: 8818: 8813: 8808: 8803: 8802: 8801: 8796: 8785: 8783: 8776: 8754: 8753: 8750: 8749: 8747: 8746: 8741: 8736: 8731: 8726: 8721: 8716: 8711: 8706: 8701: 8700: 8699: 8698: 8697: 8687: 8676: 8674: 8668: 8667: 8665: 8664: 8659: 8654: 8649: 8644: 8639: 8634: 8629: 8624: 8619: 8617:Pope Gregory I 8614: 8608: 8606: 8600: 8599: 8597: 8596: 8591: 8589:Biblical canon 8586: 8584:Late antiquity 8581: 8580: 8579: 8574: 8564: 8559: 8553: 8551: 8545: 8544: 8542: 8541: 8540: 8539: 8529: 8528: 8527: 8520:Church fathers 8517: 8516: 8515: 8510: 8500: 8499: 8498: 8493: 8488: 8483: 8472: 8470: 8461: 8454:Ecclesiastical 8441: 8440: 8438: 8437: 8432: 8427: 8422: 8416: 8413: 8412: 8405: 8404: 8397: 8390: 8382: 8373: 8372: 8370: 8369: 8364: 8359: 8354: 8349: 8344: 8343: 8342: 8337: 8326: 8323: 8322: 8320: 8319: 8314: 8305: 8295: 8290: 8285: 8280: 8275: 8273:Pentecostalism 8270: 8268:Jesus movement 8265: 8257: 8252: 8247: 8242: 8237: 8232: 8227: 8222: 8217: 8212: 8207: 8202: 8197: 8192: 8187: 8182: 8177: 8172: 8166: 8164: 8158: 8157: 8155: 8154: 8145: 8144: 8143: 8133: 8128: 8123: 8118: 8113: 8108: 8107: 8106: 8096: 8091: 8085: 8083: 8077: 8076: 8073: 8072: 8070: 8069: 8062: 8059:Martyrs Mirror 8055: 8050: 8045: 8043:Martyrs' Synod 8040: 8035: 8033:Swiss Brethren 8030: 8025: 8020: 8014: 8012: 8006: 8005: 8003: 8002: 7997: 7990: 7985: 7980: 7975: 7970: 7965: 7960: 7955: 7949: 7947: 7941: 7940: 7938: 7937: 7932: 7927: 7922: 7917: 7912: 7907: 7902: 7897: 7892: 7887: 7882: 7877: 7871: 7869: 7863: 7862: 7860: 7859: 7854: 7849: 7844: 7837: 7832: 7831: 7830: 7825: 7820: 7815: 7802: 7800: 7791: 7790: 7785: 7780: 7778:Law and Gospel 7775: 7770: 7765: 7760: 7755: 7754: 7753: 7743: 7738: 7733: 7728: 7722: 7720: 7708: 7707: 7705: 7704: 7703: 7702: 7692: 7687: 7682: 7677: 7672: 7667: 7666: 7665: 7655: 7650: 7645: 7640: 7635: 7630: 7625: 7620: 7615: 7610: 7605: 7600: 7595: 7590: 7585: 7580: 7575: 7570: 7569: 7568: 7563: 7558: 7553: 7548: 7543: 7533: 7532: 7531: 7530: 7529: 7519: 7514: 7509: 7499: 7494: 7489: 7483: 7481: 7475: 7474: 7472: 7471: 7466: 7461: 7459:Ottoman Empire 7456: 7451: 7446: 7441: 7436: 7431: 7426: 7421: 7416: 7411: 7410: 7409: 7404: 7394: 7389: 7384: 7379: 7374: 7368: 7366: 7358: 7357: 7355: 7354: 7349: 7348: 7347: 7333: 7328: 7323: 7318: 7313: 7308: 7303: 7298: 7289: 7284: 7279: 7274: 7273: 7272: 7271: 7270: 7260: 7255: 7250: 7240: 7235: 7230: 7225: 7220: 7219: 7218: 7213: 7202: 7200: 7194: 7193: 7191: 7190: 7188:Biblical canon 7185: 7184: 7183: 7169: 7164: 7159: 7154: 7149: 7144: 7143: 7142: 7137: 7127: 7122: 7117: 7112: 7111: 7110: 7099: 7097: 7089:Late antiquity 7085: 7084: 7082: 7081: 7076: 7075: 7074: 7069: 7064: 7059: 7054: 7049: 7044: 7037:Church Fathers 7030: 7025: 7020: 7019: 7018: 7013: 7008: 7003: 6998: 6993: 6988: 6977: 6975: 6967: 6966: 6964: 6963: 6962: 6961: 6956: 6951: 6946: 6941: 6931: 6926: 6921: 6916: 6911: 6910: 6909: 6904: 6899: 6894: 6889: 6879: 6873: 6871: 6865: 6864: 6862: 6861: 6856: 6851: 6846: 6841: 6836: 6831: 6826: 6821: 6816: 6811: 6806: 6801: 6796: 6791: 6786: 6781: 6776: 6771: 6766: 6760: 6758: 6754: 6753: 6751: 6750: 6745: 6739: 6736: 6735: 6728: 6727: 6720: 6713: 6705: 6696: 6695: 6693: 6692: 6682: 6669: 6666: 6665: 6662: 6661: 6659: 6658: 6653: 6648: 6643: 6638: 6633: 6628: 6622: 6620: 6616: 6615: 6613: 6612: 6607: 6606: 6605: 6600: 6595: 6583: 6577: 6575: 6571: 6570: 6568: 6567: 6562: 6557: 6552: 6547: 6538: 6533: 6531:Fundamentalism 6528: 6526:Existentialism 6523: 6518: 6513: 6508: 6503: 6497: 6495: 6489: 6488: 6486: 6485: 6480: 6479: 6478: 6468: 6463: 6458: 6453: 6448: 6443: 6438: 6437: 6436: 6426: 6425: 6424: 6419: 6417:God the Father 6414: 6409: 6404: 6394: 6393: 6392: 6381: 6379: 6370: 6364: 6363: 6361: 6360: 6355: 6350: 6349: 6348: 6338: 6333: 6327: 6325: 6319: 6318: 6316: 6315: 6314: 6313: 6303: 6298: 6297: 6296: 6291: 6286: 6281: 6276: 6271: 6266: 6256: 6255: 6254: 6249: 6244: 6239: 6237:Body of Christ 6234: 6224: 6219: 6214: 6213: 6212: 6202: 6197: 6196: 6195: 6190: 6185: 6180: 6170: 6165: 6160: 6155: 6150: 6145: 6140: 6139: 6138: 6133: 6128: 6123: 6112: 6110: 6104: 6103: 6100: 6099: 6097: 6096: 6087: 6082: 6076: 6074: 6072:Restorationist 6068: 6067: 6065: 6064: 6059: 6054: 6049: 6048: 6047: 6036: 6034: 6028: 6027: 6025: 6024: 6019: 6018: 6017: 6012: 6007: 6002: 5997: 5992: 5987: 5982: 5977: 5972: 5967: 5962: 5952: 5947: 5942: 5936: 5934: 5925: 5909: 5908: 5905: 5904: 5902: 5901: 5900: 5899: 5889: 5884: 5879: 5874: 5869: 5863: 5861: 5855: 5854: 5852: 5851: 5846: 5841: 5836: 5831: 5826: 5820: 5818: 5812: 5811: 5809: 5808: 5803: 5798: 5797: 5796: 5791: 5781: 5776: 5774:Late antiquity 5771: 5765: 5763: 5757: 5756: 5754: 5753: 5752: 5751: 5744:Church fathers 5741: 5736: 5735: 5734: 5729: 5724: 5719: 5714: 5709: 5704: 5699: 5694: 5689: 5684: 5673: 5671: 5660: 5642: 5641: 5639: 5638: 5633: 5628: 5623: 5618: 5613: 5607: 5605: 5601: 5600: 5598: 5597: 5592: 5587: 5581: 5579: 5569: 5568: 5566: 5565: 5560: 5555: 5550: 5545: 5540: 5535: 5529: 5526: 5525: 5518: 5517: 5510: 5503: 5495: 5486: 5485: 5481: 5480: 5470: 5469: 5467: 5464: 5463: 5461: 5460: 5452: 5444: 5436: 5428: 5424:Synod of Jassy 5420: 5412: 5396: 5384: 5367: 5365: 5361: 5360: 5358: 5357: 5349: 5341: 5333: 5324: 5322: 5314: 5313: 5311: 5310: 5302: 5294: 5286: 5278: 5269: 5267: 5259: 5258: 5256: 5255: 5245: 5234: 5226: 5224: 5214: 5213: 5211: 5210: 5202: 5194: 5186: 5178: 5174:Basel-Florence 5170: 5162: 5154: 5146: 5138: 5130: 5122: 5114: 5106: 5098: 5090: 5088: 5080: 5079: 5077: 5076: 5068: 5060: 5052: 5044: 5036: 5028: 5019: 5017: 5011: 5010: 5003: 5002: 4995: 4988: 4980: 4974: 4973: 4968: 4966:Orthodox Unity 4963: 4958: 4951: 4950:External links 4948: 4946: 4945: 4939: 4919: 4912: 4905: 4899: 4882: 4876: 4859: 4853: 4836: 4825: 4819: 4804: 4798: 4783: 4777: 4759: 4752: 4738: 4732: 4712: 4706: 4688: 4681: 4675: 4658: 4652: 4634: 4628: 4613: 4611:. Vol. 2. 4599: 4592: 4577:, translator, 4575:Edward Walford 4571: 4569: 4566: 4543: 4542: 4508: 4485: 4456: 4441: 4434: 4416: 4396: 4394:, p. 249. 4384: 4356: 4326: 4313: 4301: 4276: 4263: 4244: 4226: 4214: 4201: 4192: 4180: 4165: 4149: 4122: 4098: 4091: 4070: 4063: 4034: 4014: 3995: 3983: 3954: 3941: 3921: 3897: 3873: 3856:. p. 71. 3837: 3825: 3799: 3776: 3764: 3752:Britannica.com 3736: 3723: 3698: 3686: 3670: 3658: 3628: 3613: 3593: 3578: 3556: 3533: 3521: 3506: 3474: 3447: 3434: 3414: 3400: 3380: 3353:(2): 399–437. 3347:Church History 3333: 3309: 3280: 3277:on 2023-12-25. 3269: 3263:. p. 42. 3245: 3230: 3215: 3203: 3187: 3185: 3182: 3179: 3178: 3165: 3155: 3131: 3130: 3128: 3125: 3124: 3123: 3116: 3113: 3081: 3078: 3072: 3069: 3032:Arab invasions 2978: 2975: 2927:Bishop of Rome 2922: 2919: 2880: 2877: 2875: 2872: 2831: 2830: 2826: 2823: 2819: 2816: 2813: 2805: 2802: 2799: 2796: 2793: 2789: 2786: 2783: 2779: 2776: 2773: 2769: 2766: 2762: 2759: 2755: 2751: 2748: 2745: 2742: 2739: 2735: 2731: 2730:anathematized. 2727: 2722:of which are: 2718:, the Ancient 2711: 2708: 2692:Creed of Nicea 2630:Main article: 2627: 2624: 2587: 2584: 2520: 2517: 2395: 2392: 2318:Main article: 2315: 2312: 2269:consubstantial 2210:Main article: 2207: 2204: 2198:(381) and the 2188:consubstantial 2179: 2176: 2105:Christological 2081: 2080: 2072: 2071: 2064: 2063: 2057: 2056: 2055: 2052: 2051: 2049: 2048: 2041: 2034: 2026: 2023: 2022: 2009: 2008: 2007: 2006: 2001: 1993: 1992: 1988: 1987: 1986: 1985: 1980: 1975: 1970: 1962: 1961: 1957: 1956: 1955: 1954: 1949: 1947:Lyon II (1274) 1944: 1939: 1934: 1929: 1924: 1916: 1915: 1911: 1910: 1909: 1908: 1903: 1898: 1893: 1885: 1884: 1880: 1879: 1878: 1877: 1872: 1867: 1862: 1860:Nicaea I (325) 1854: 1853: 1849: 1848: 1845: 1837: 1836: 1825: 1824: 1816: 1815: 1804: 1801: 1798: 1797: 1795: 1794: 1787: 1780: 1772: 1769: 1768: 1764: 1763: 1758: 1753: 1748: 1743: 1738: 1732: 1731: 1728: 1727: 1724: 1723: 1719: 1718: 1713: 1708: 1703: 1698: 1693: 1688: 1683: 1678: 1673: 1668: 1663: 1658: 1653: 1648: 1643: 1637: 1636: 1633: 1632: 1629: 1628: 1624: 1623: 1617: 1615:Apostles' Fast 1612: 1607: 1601: 1600: 1599: 1594: 1593: 1588: 1582: 1581: 1580: 1577: 1572: 1566: 1561: 1560: 1557: 1556: 1552: 1551: 1549:Use of incense 1546: 1541: 1536: 1531: 1526: 1521: 1516: 1511: 1506: 1501: 1499:Paschal Homily 1496: 1491: 1486: 1481: 1476: 1471: 1466: 1464:Memory Eternal 1461: 1456: 1451: 1446: 1441: 1436: 1431: 1426: 1421: 1416: 1411: 1406: 1401: 1395: 1394: 1393: 1388: 1386:Divine Liturgy 1382: 1377: 1376: 1373: 1372: 1369: 1368: 1363: 1358: 1351: 1350: 1343: 1336: 1331: 1326: 1319: 1314: 1309: 1296: 1291: 1286: 1281: 1276: 1271: 1266: 1261: 1256: 1251: 1246: 1241: 1235: 1234: 1233: 1232: 1231: 1218: 1213: 1212: 1209: 1208: 1204: 1203: 1202: 1201: 1196: 1191: 1183: 1178: 1176:Ottoman Empire 1173: 1168: 1163: 1158: 1153: 1148: 1143: 1138: 1136:Church Fathers 1132: 1131: 1126: 1125: 1122: 1121: 1117: 1116: 1111: 1106: 1101: 1096: 1090: 1089: 1088: 1083: 1082: 1077: 1071: 1070: 1069: 1064: 1063: 1058: 1053: 1048: 1043: 1038: 1033: 1027: 1026: 1025: 1018: 1013: 1012: 1009: 1008: 1005: 1004: 997: 996: 995: 994: 989: 984: 979: 974: 969: 964: 956: 955: 954: 946: 945: 940: 935: 934: 933: 928: 921:True Orthodoxy 918: 913: 907: 906: 903: 902: 899: 898: 894: 893: 888: 883: 878: 873: 868: 863: 858: 853: 848: 843: 838: 833: 827: 826: 823: 822: 819: 818: 814: 813: 808: 803: 797: 792: 791: 786: 781: 776: 771: 766: 761: 756: 750: 749: 743: 742: 739: 738: 730: 729: 723: 719: 718: 712: 707: 706: 700: 691: 690: 685: 680: 675: 670: 665: 660: 655: 650: 645: 640: 635: 630: 625: 620: 618:Constantinople 614: 612: 606: 605: 602: 601: 597: 596: 591: 590: 589: 579: 574: 569: 564: 559: 554: 549: 544: 539: 534: 528: 527: 522: 521: 518: 517: 513: 512: 507: 502: 497: 492: 486: 485: 484: 469: 466: 463: 462: 459: 458: 456: 455: 450: 443: 436: 434:Holy Mysteries 431: 429:Church history 426: 421: 411: 405: 402: 401: 397: 396: 386: 378: 377: 371: 370: 219: 218: 212: 211: 205: 202: 199: 198: 179: 175: 174: 171: 167: 166: 165: 164: 154: 139: 135: 134: 122: 118: 117: 112: 109: 106: 105: 100: 97: 94: 93: 92: 91: 86: 81: 76: 71: 66: 61: 54: 50: 49: 46: 42: 41: 38:Vasily Surikov 32: 24: 23: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11802: 11791: 11788: 11786: 11783: 11781: 11778: 11776: 11773: 11771: 11768: 11766: 11763: 11761: 11758: 11756: 11753: 11751: 11748: 11746: 11743: 11742: 11740: 11725: 11720: 11715: 11713: 11703: 11702: 11699: 11693: 11690: 11688: 11685: 11683: 11682: 11678: 11676: 11673: 11671: 11668: 11664: 11661: 11659: 11656: 11654: 11651: 11649: 11646: 11644: 11641: 11639: 11636: 11634: 11631: 11629: 11626: 11624: 11621: 11620: 11619: 11616: 11614: 11611: 11609: 11606: 11605: 11603: 11599: 11591: 11588: 11587: 11586: 11583: 11581: 11578: 11576: 11573: 11571: 11568: 11566: 11565:Mother Teresa 11563: 11561: 11558: 11555: 11551: 11548: 11546: 11543: 11541: 11538: 11536: 11533: 11531: 11530: 11526: 11524: 11521: 11519: 11518: 11514: 11512: 11509: 11507: 11504: 11502: 11499: 11497: 11494: 11492: 11491:Pope Pius XII 11489: 11487: 11484: 11482: 11479: 11477: 11474: 11473: 11471: 11469: 11465: 11459: 11458: 11457:Rerum novarum 11454: 11452: 11449: 11447: 11444: 11442: 11441:Pope Leo XIII 11439: 11437: 11434: 11432: 11429: 11427: 11424: 11422: 11419: 11417: 11414: 11412: 11411:United States 11409: 11407: 11404: 11402: 11401:Pope Pius VII 11399: 11398: 11396: 11392: 11386: 11383: 11381: 11378: 11376: 11373: 11371: 11368: 11366: 11363: 11361: 11358: 11356: 11353: 11351: 11348: 11346: 11343: 11342: 11340: 11337: 11332: 11327: 11321: 11318: 11316: 11313: 11311: 11308: 11306: 11303: 11301: 11298: 11296: 11293: 11291: 11288: 11286: 11283: 11281: 11278: 11276: 11273: 11271: 11268: 11266: 11263: 11261: 11258: 11256: 11253: 11251: 11248: 11246: 11243: 11241: 11240: 11236: 11234: 11231: 11229: 11226: 11225: 11223: 11220: 11216: 11211: 11205: 11202: 11200: 11197: 11195: 11192: 11190: 11187: 11185: 11182: 11180: 11177: 11173: 11170: 11169: 11168: 11165: 11163: 11160: 11158: 11155: 11154: 11152: 11150: 11146: 11140: 11137: 11135: 11132: 11130: 11127: 11125: 11122: 11120: 11117: 11115: 11112: 11110: 11107: 11105: 11102: 11100: 11097: 11095: 11092: 11090: 11087: 11085: 11084:Scholasticism 11082: 11080: 11077: 11075: 11072: 11070: 11067: 11065: 11062: 11060: 11059:Pope Urban II 11057: 11056: 11054: 11052: 11048: 11042: 11039: 11037: 11034: 11032: 11029: 11027: 11024: 11022: 11019: 11017: 11014: 11012: 11009: 11007: 11004: 11002: 10999: 10997: 10994: 10992: 10989: 10987: 10984: 10982: 10979: 10978: 10976: 10974: 10970: 10956: 10953: 10951: 10948: 10946: 10943: 10941: 10938: 10936: 10933: 10931: 10928: 10926: 10923: 10921: 10918: 10916: 10913: 10911: 10908: 10906: 10903: 10899: 10896: 10895: 10894: 10891: 10890: 10888: 10884: 10876: 10872: 10869: 10865: 10861: 10851: 10848: 10846: 10843: 10841: 10838: 10836: 10835:Justin Martyr 10833: 10829: 10826: 10822: 10819: 10817: 10814: 10812: 10809: 10808: 10807: 10804: 10803: 10802: 10799: 10797: 10794: 10793: 10791: 10788: 10784: 10776: 10773: 10771: 10768: 10766: 10763: 10761: 10758: 10756: 10753: 10751: 10748: 10747: 10746: 10745:New Testament 10743: 10741: 10738: 10736: 10733: 10731: 10728: 10724: 10721: 10719: 10716: 10714: 10711: 10709: 10708:Commissioning 10706: 10705: 10704: 10701: 10699: 10696: 10694: 10691: 10689: 10686: 10682: 10679: 10677: 10674: 10672: 10669: 10667: 10664: 10663: 10662: 10659: 10658: 10656: 10653: 10652:Apostolic Age 10648: 10644: 10641: 10637: 10633: 10627: 10624: 10622: 10619: 10617: 10614: 10612: 10609: 10605: 10602: 10600: 10597: 10596: 10595: 10592: 10590: 10587: 10585: 10582: 10580: 10577: 10575: 10572: 10568: 10565: 10563: 10560: 10559: 10558: 10555: 10551: 10548: 10547: 10546: 10543: 10539: 10538:Papal primacy 10536: 10535: 10534: 10531: 10529: 10526: 10524: 10521: 10517: 10514: 10513: 10512: 10509: 10508: 10506: 10504: 10500: 10496: 10492: 10485: 10480: 10478: 10473: 10471: 10466: 10465: 10462: 10450: 10442: 10440: 10435: 10430: 10429: 10426: 10420: 10417: 10415: 10412: 10410: 10407: 10404: 10401: 10398: 10396: 10393: 10391: 10388: 10386: 10383: 10381: 10380:Home Missions 10378: 10376: 10373: 10371: 10368: 10366: 10363: 10362: 10360: 10358: 10354: 10348: 10345: 10343: 10340: 10338: 10335: 10333: 10330: 10328: 10325: 10323: 10320: 10318: 10315: 10313: 10310: 10308: 10305: 10303: 10300: 10298: 10295: 10293: 10290: 10288: 10285: 10279: 10276: 10275: 10274: 10273:Saint Francis 10271: 10267: 10264: 10263: 10262: 10259: 10257: 10256:Saint Dominic 10254: 10253: 10252: 10249: 10245: 10242: 10240: 10237: 10235: 10232: 10230: 10227: 10226: 10225: 10222: 10221: 10219: 10217: 10211: 10205: 10202: 10200: 10197: 10195: 10192: 10190: 10187: 10185: 10182: 10180: 10177: 10175: 10172: 10170: 10167: 10165: 10162: 10160: 10157: 10155: 10152: 10150: 10147: 10145: 10142: 10140: 10137: 10135: 10132: 10130: 10127: 10125: 10122: 10120: 10117: 10115: 10112: 10110: 10107: 10105: 10102: 10100: 10097: 10095: 10092: 10090: 10087: 10085: 10082: 10080: 10077: 10075: 10072: 10070: 10069:Bethlehemites 10067: 10065: 10062: 10060: 10057: 10055: 10052: 10050: 10047: 10045: 10042: 10041: 10039: 10037: 10033: 10028: 10024: 10018: 10017: 10013: 10011: 10010: 10006: 10004: 10003: 9999: 9996: 9992: 9991:Vatican Radio 9989: 9987: 9984: 9982: 9979: 9978: 9977: 9976:Vatican Media 9974: 9972: 9969: 9968: 9966: 9964: 9960: 9954: 9951: 9949: 9946: 9943: 9941: 9938: 9936: 9933: 9931: 9928: 9926: 9923: 9921: 9918: 9916: 9913: 9909: 9906: 9905: 9904: 9901: 9899: 9896: 9894: 9891: 9887: 9884: 9883: 9882: 9879: 9878: 9876: 9874: 9870: 9856: 9853: 9851: 9848: 9846: 9843: 9841: 9838: 9837: 9836: 9833: 9831: 9828: 9826: 9823: 9821: 9818: 9817: 9816: 9813: 9807: 9804: 9803: 9802: 9799: 9797: 9794: 9792: 9789: 9787: 9784: 9782: 9779: 9777: 9774: 9773: 9772: 9769: 9768: 9766: 9764: 9760: 9752: 9749: 9747: 9744: 9742: 9739: 9737: 9734: 9732: 9729: 9727: 9724: 9722: 9719: 9717: 9714: 9712: 9709: 9707: 9704: 9702: 9699: 9697: 9694: 9692: 9689: 9687: 9684: 9682: 9679: 9677: 9674: 9672: 9669: 9667: 9664: 9662: 9659: 9657: 9654: 9652: 9649: 9647: 9644: 9642: 9639: 9637: 9634: 9633: 9632: 9629: 9627: 9624: 9623: 9621: 9619: 9615: 9611: 9603: 9600: 9598: 9595: 9593: 9590: 9589: 9588: 9585: 9583: 9580: 9576: 9573: 9572: 9571: 9568: 9564: 9561: 9559: 9556: 9555: 9554: 9551: 9549: 9546: 9542: 9539: 9537: 9534: 9532: 9529: 9527: 9523: 9520: 9519: 9518: 9515: 9512: 9509: 9508: 9506: 9504: 9500: 9494: 9491: 9489: 9486: 9484: 9481: 9477: 9474: 9472: 9469: 9467: 9464: 9462: 9459: 9457: 9454: 9452: 9449: 9447: 9444: 9442: 9439: 9437: 9434: 9432: 9429: 9428: 9427: 9424: 9420: 9417: 9415: 9412: 9411: 9410: 9407: 9406: 9404: 9401: 9397: 9393: 9387: 9384: 9382: 9379: 9377: 9374: 9372: 9369: 9367: 9364: 9362: 9359: 9357: 9354: 9352: 9349: 9348: 9346: 9344: 9340: 9334: 9331: 9329: 9326: 9322: 9319: 9318: 9317: 9314: 9310: 9307: 9305: 9302: 9301: 9300: 9296: 9293: 9291: 9288: 9286: 9283: 9280: 9279: 9277: 9274: 9273:List of popes 9269: 9265: 9262: 9259: 9255: 9251: 9247: 9243: 9236: 9230: 9227: 9225: 9222: 9220: 9217: 9215: 9212: 9210: 9207: 9205: 9202: 9200: 9197: 9195: 9192: 9190: 9187: 9183: 9180: 9178: 9175: 9174: 9173: 9170: 9169: 9167: 9165: 9161: 9153: 9150: 9148: 9145: 9144: 9143: 9140: 9136: 9133: 9132: 9131: 9128: 9125: 9123: 9120: 9118: 9115: 9113: 9110: 9108: 9105: 9103: 9100: 9098: 9095: 9094: 9092: 9090: 9086: 9076: 9073: 9070: 9068: 9065: 9063: 9060: 9058: 9057:Mother of God 9055: 9053: 9050: 9048: 9045: 9043: 9040: 9038: 9035: 9033: 9030: 9029: 9027: 9025: 9021: 9015: 9012: 9010: 9007: 9003: 9000: 8999: 8998: 8995: 8993: 8990: 8988: 8985: 8983: 8980: 8978: 8975: 8974: 8972: 8970: 8966: 8960: 8957: 8955: 8954: 8950: 8948: 8945: 8943: 8942:People of God 8940: 8938: 8937: 8933: 8931: 8930:Infallibility 8928: 8924: 8921: 8919: 8916: 8915: 8914: 8911: 8909: 8906: 8904: 8901: 8899: 8898: 8894: 8893: 8891: 8889: 8885: 8879: 8876: 8872: 8871: 8867: 8865: 8862: 8860: 8857: 8856: 8854: 8852: 8849: 8847: 8844: 8842: 8839: 8837: 8834: 8832: 8829: 8827: 8824: 8822: 8819: 8817: 8814: 8812: 8809: 8807: 8806:Body and soul 8804: 8800: 8797: 8795: 8792: 8791: 8790: 8787: 8786: 8784: 8780: 8777: 8774: 8773: 8768: 8764: 8759: 8755: 8745: 8742: 8740: 8737: 8735: 8732: 8730: 8727: 8725: 8722: 8720: 8717: 8715: 8712: 8710: 8709:Enlightenment 8707: 8705: 8702: 8696: 8693: 8692: 8691: 8688: 8686: 8683: 8682: 8681: 8680:Protestantism 8678: 8677: 8675: 8673: 8669: 8663: 8660: 8658: 8657:Scholasticism 8655: 8653: 8650: 8648: 8645: 8643: 8642:Schism (1378) 8640: 8638: 8635: 8633: 8630: 8628: 8627:Schism (1054) 8625: 8623: 8620: 8618: 8615: 8613: 8610: 8609: 8607: 8605: 8601: 8595: 8592: 8590: 8587: 8585: 8582: 8578: 8575: 8573: 8570: 8569: 8568: 8565: 8563: 8560: 8558: 8555: 8554: 8552: 8550: 8546: 8538: 8535: 8534: 8533: 8530: 8526: 8523: 8522: 8521: 8518: 8514: 8511: 8509: 8506: 8505: 8504: 8501: 8497: 8494: 8492: 8489: 8487: 8484: 8482: 8479: 8478: 8477: 8474: 8473: 8471: 8469: 8465: 8462: 8459: 8455: 8451: 8446: 8442: 8436: 8433: 8431: 8428: 8426: 8423: 8421: 8418: 8417: 8414: 8410: 8403: 8398: 8396: 8391: 8389: 8384: 8383: 8380: 8368: 8365: 8363: 8362:Protestantism 8360: 8358: 8355: 8353: 8350: 8348: 8345: 8341: 8338: 8336: 8333: 8332: 8331: 8328: 8327: 8324: 8318: 8315: 8313: 8309: 8306: 8303: 8299: 8296: 8294: 8291: 8289: 8286: 8284: 8281: 8279: 8276: 8274: 8271: 8269: 8266: 8264: 8263: 8258: 8256: 8253: 8251: 8248: 8246: 8243: 8241: 8238: 8236: 8235:Azusa Revival 8233: 8231: 8228: 8226: 8223: 8221: 8218: 8216: 8215:Laestadianism 8213: 8211: 8208: 8206: 8203: 8201: 8198: 8196: 8193: 8191: 8188: 8186: 8183: 8181: 8178: 8176: 8173: 8171: 8168: 8167: 8165: 8163: 8159: 8153: 8152:Old Lutherans 8149: 8146: 8142: 8139: 8138: 8137: 8134: 8132: 8129: 8127: 8124: 8122: 8119: 8117: 8114: 8112: 8109: 8105: 8102: 8101: 8100: 8097: 8095: 8092: 8090: 8087: 8086: 8084: 8082: 8078: 8068: 8067: 8063: 8061: 8060: 8056: 8054: 8051: 8049: 8046: 8044: 8041: 8039: 8036: 8034: 8031: 8029: 8026: 8024: 8021: 8019: 8016: 8015: 8013: 8011: 8007: 8001: 7998: 7996: 7995: 7991: 7989: 7986: 7984: 7981: 7979: 7976: 7974: 7971: 7969: 7966: 7964: 7961: 7959: 7956: 7954: 7951: 7950: 7948: 7946: 7942: 7936: 7933: 7931: 7928: 7926: 7923: 7921: 7918: 7916: 7913: 7911: 7908: 7906: 7903: 7901: 7898: 7896: 7893: 7891: 7888: 7886: 7883: 7881: 7878: 7876: 7873: 7872: 7870: 7868: 7864: 7858: 7855: 7853: 7850: 7848: 7845: 7843: 7842: 7838: 7836: 7833: 7829: 7826: 7824: 7821: 7819: 7818:Diet of Worms 7816: 7814: 7813: 7809: 7808: 7807: 7804: 7803: 7801: 7799: 7795: 7789: 7786: 7784: 7781: 7779: 7776: 7774: 7771: 7769: 7766: 7764: 7761: 7759: 7756: 7752: 7749: 7748: 7747: 7744: 7742: 7739: 7737: 7734: 7732: 7729: 7727: 7724: 7723: 7721: 7719: 7718:Protestantism 7713: 7709: 7701: 7698: 7697: 7696: 7693: 7691: 7688: 7686: 7683: 7681: 7678: 7676: 7673: 7671: 7668: 7664: 7661: 7660: 7659: 7656: 7654: 7651: 7649: 7646: 7644: 7641: 7639: 7636: 7634: 7631: 7629: 7626: 7624: 7621: 7619: 7616: 7614: 7611: 7609: 7606: 7604: 7601: 7599: 7596: 7594: 7591: 7589: 7586: 7584: 7581: 7579: 7576: 7574: 7571: 7567: 7564: 7562: 7559: 7557: 7554: 7552: 7549: 7547: 7544: 7542: 7539: 7538: 7537: 7534: 7528: 7525: 7524: 7523: 7520: 7518: 7515: 7513: 7510: 7508: 7505: 7504: 7503: 7500: 7498: 7495: 7493: 7490: 7488: 7485: 7484: 7482: 7480: 7476: 7470: 7469:North America 7467: 7465: 7462: 7460: 7457: 7455: 7452: 7450: 7447: 7445: 7442: 7440: 7437: 7435: 7432: 7430: 7427: 7425: 7422: 7420: 7417: 7415: 7412: 7408: 7405: 7403: 7400: 7399: 7398: 7395: 7393: 7390: 7388: 7385: 7383: 7380: 7378: 7375: 7373: 7370: 7369: 7367: 7365: 7359: 7353: 7350: 7346: 7343: 7342: 7341: 7337: 7334: 7332: 7329: 7327: 7324: 7322: 7319: 7317: 7314: 7312: 7309: 7307: 7304: 7302: 7299: 7297: 7293: 7290: 7288: 7285: 7283: 7280: 7278: 7275: 7269: 7266: 7265: 7264: 7261: 7259: 7256: 7254: 7251: 7249: 7246: 7245: 7244: 7241: 7239: 7236: 7234: 7231: 7229: 7226: 7224: 7221: 7217: 7214: 7212: 7209: 7208: 7207: 7204: 7203: 7201: 7199: 7195: 7189: 7186: 7182: 7178: 7175: 7174: 7173: 7170: 7168: 7165: 7163: 7160: 7158: 7155: 7153: 7150: 7148: 7145: 7141: 7138: 7136: 7133: 7132: 7131: 7128: 7126: 7123: 7121: 7118: 7116: 7113: 7109: 7106: 7105: 7104: 7101: 7100: 7098: 7095: 7090: 7086: 7080: 7079:Early African 7077: 7073: 7070: 7068: 7065: 7063: 7062:Justin Martyr 7060: 7058: 7055: 7053: 7050: 7048: 7045: 7043: 7040: 7039: 7038: 7034: 7031: 7029: 7026: 7024: 7021: 7017: 7014: 7012: 7009: 7007: 7004: 7002: 6999: 6997: 6994: 6992: 6989: 6987: 6984: 6983: 6982: 6979: 6978: 6976: 6974: 6968: 6960: 6957: 6955: 6952: 6950: 6947: 6945: 6942: 6940: 6937: 6936: 6935: 6932: 6930: 6927: 6925: 6922: 6920: 6917: 6915: 6912: 6908: 6905: 6903: 6900: 6898: 6895: 6893: 6890: 6888: 6885: 6884: 6883: 6882:Life of Jesus 6880: 6878: 6875: 6874: 6872: 6870:Apostolic Age 6866: 6860: 6857: 6855: 6852: 6850: 6847: 6845: 6842: 6840: 6837: 6835: 6832: 6830: 6827: 6825: 6822: 6820: 6817: 6815: 6812: 6810: 6807: 6805: 6802: 6800: 6797: 6795: 6792: 6790: 6787: 6785: 6782: 6780: 6777: 6775: 6772: 6770: 6767: 6765: 6762: 6761: 6759: 6755: 6749: 6746: 6744: 6741: 6740: 6737: 6733: 6726: 6721: 6719: 6714: 6712: 6707: 6706: 6703: 6691: 6683: 6681: 6676: 6671: 6670: 6667: 6657: 6654: 6652: 6649: 6647: 6644: 6642: 6639: 6637: 6634: 6632: 6629: 6627: 6624: 6623: 6621: 6617: 6611: 6608: 6604: 6601: 6599: 6596: 6594: 6593: 6589: 6588: 6587: 6584: 6582: 6579: 6578: 6576: 6572: 6566: 6563: 6561: 6558: 6556: 6553: 6551: 6548: 6546: 6542: 6539: 6537: 6534: 6532: 6529: 6527: 6524: 6522: 6519: 6517: 6514: 6512: 6509: 6507: 6504: 6502: 6499: 6498: 6496: 6494: 6490: 6484: 6481: 6477: 6474: 6473: 6472: 6469: 6467: 6466:Popular piety 6464: 6462: 6459: 6457: 6454: 6452: 6449: 6447: 6444: 6442: 6439: 6435: 6432: 6431: 6430: 6427: 6423: 6420: 6418: 6415: 6413: 6410: 6408: 6405: 6403: 6400: 6399: 6398: 6395: 6391: 6388: 6387: 6386: 6383: 6382: 6380: 6378: 6374: 6371: 6365: 6359: 6356: 6354: 6351: 6347: 6344: 6343: 6342: 6339: 6337: 6334: 6332: 6329: 6328: 6326: 6324: 6320: 6312: 6309: 6308: 6307: 6304: 6302: 6299: 6295: 6292: 6290: 6287: 6285: 6282: 6280: 6277: 6275: 6272: 6270: 6267: 6265: 6262: 6261: 6260: 6257: 6253: 6250: 6248: 6247:People of God 6245: 6243: 6240: 6238: 6235: 6233: 6230: 6229: 6228: 6225: 6223: 6220: 6218: 6215: 6211: 6208: 6207: 6206: 6203: 6201: 6198: 6194: 6191: 6189: 6186: 6184: 6181: 6179: 6176: 6175: 6174: 6171: 6169: 6166: 6164: 6161: 6159: 6156: 6154: 6151: 6149: 6146: 6144: 6141: 6137: 6134: 6132: 6129: 6127: 6124: 6122: 6119: 6118: 6117: 6114: 6113: 6111: 6109: 6105: 6093: 6088: 6086: 6083: 6081: 6078: 6077: 6075: 6073: 6069: 6063: 6060: 6058: 6055: 6053: 6050: 6046: 6043: 6042: 6041: 6038: 6037: 6035: 6033: 6029: 6023: 6020: 6016: 6013: 6011: 6008: 6006: 6003: 6001: 5998: 5996: 5993: 5991: 5988: 5986: 5983: 5981: 5978: 5976: 5973: 5971: 5968: 5966: 5963: 5961: 5958: 5957: 5956: 5953: 5951: 5948: 5946: 5943: 5941: 5938: 5937: 5935: 5933: 5929: 5926: 5923: 5919: 5914: 5913:Denominations 5910: 5898: 5895: 5894: 5893: 5890: 5888: 5885: 5883: 5882:Enlightenment 5880: 5878: 5875: 5873: 5870: 5868: 5865: 5864: 5862: 5860: 5856: 5850: 5847: 5845: 5842: 5840: 5837: 5835: 5832: 5830: 5827: 5825: 5822: 5821: 5819: 5817: 5813: 5807: 5804: 5802: 5799: 5795: 5792: 5790: 5787: 5786: 5785: 5782: 5780: 5777: 5775: 5772: 5770: 5767: 5766: 5764: 5762: 5758: 5750: 5747: 5746: 5745: 5742: 5740: 5737: 5733: 5730: 5728: 5725: 5723: 5720: 5718: 5715: 5713: 5710: 5708: 5705: 5703: 5700: 5698: 5695: 5693: 5690: 5688: 5685: 5683: 5680: 5679: 5678: 5675: 5674: 5672: 5670: 5664: 5661: 5658: 5652: 5647: 5643: 5637: 5634: 5632: 5629: 5627: 5624: 5622: 5619: 5617: 5614: 5612: 5609: 5608: 5606: 5602: 5596: 5595:New Testament 5593: 5591: 5590:Old Testament 5588: 5586: 5583: 5582: 5580: 5578: 5574: 5570: 5564: 5561: 5559: 5556: 5554: 5551: 5549: 5546: 5544: 5541: 5539: 5536: 5534: 5531: 5530: 5527: 5523: 5516: 5511: 5509: 5504: 5502: 5497: 5496: 5493: 5475: 5471: 5465: 5457: 5453: 5449: 5445: 5441: 5437: 5433: 5429: 5425: 5421: 5417: 5413: 5409: 5405: 5401: 5397: 5393: 5389: 5385: 5381: 5377: 5373: 5369: 5368: 5366: 5362: 5354: 5350: 5346: 5342: 5338: 5334: 5330: 5326: 5325: 5323: 5321: 5315: 5307: 5303: 5299: 5295: 5291: 5287: 5283: 5279: 5275: 5271: 5270: 5268: 5266: 5260: 5252: 5251: 5246: 5242: 5240: 5235: 5232: 5228: 5227: 5225: 5222: 5215: 5207: 5203: 5199: 5195: 5191: 5187: 5183: 5179: 5175: 5171: 5167: 5163: 5159: 5155: 5151: 5147: 5143: 5139: 5135: 5131: 5127: 5123: 5119: 5115: 5111: 5107: 5103: 5099: 5096: 5092: 5091: 5089: 5087: 5081: 5073: 5069: 5065: 5061: 5057: 5053: 5049: 5045: 5041: 5037: 5033: 5029: 5025: 5021: 5020: 5018: 5016: 5012: 5008: 5001: 4996: 4994: 4989: 4987: 4982: 4981: 4978: 4972: 4969: 4967: 4964: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4954: 4953: 4942: 4940:9781846316487 4936: 4932: 4928: 4924: 4920: 4917: 4913: 4910: 4906: 4902: 4900:9781846316487 4896: 4892: 4888: 4883: 4879: 4877:9781846316487 4873: 4869: 4865: 4860: 4856: 4854:9781846316487 4850: 4846: 4842: 4837: 4833: 4832: 4826: 4822: 4820:9780853230397 4816: 4812: 4811: 4805: 4801: 4799:9780853230397 4795: 4791: 4790: 4784: 4780: 4774: 4770: 4769: 4764: 4760: 4757: 4753: 4749: 4748: 4743: 4739: 4735: 4733:9781846316487 4729: 4725: 4721: 4717: 4716:Louth, Andrew 4713: 4709: 4707:9780826492166 4703: 4699: 4698: 4693: 4689: 4686: 4682: 4678: 4676:9781846316487 4672: 4668: 4664: 4659: 4655: 4653:9780664223014 4649: 4645: 4644: 4639: 4635: 4631: 4629:9780754662914 4625: 4621: 4620: 4614: 4610: 4609: 4604: 4603:Bury, John B. 4600: 4597: 4593: 4591: 4588: 4584: 4580: 4576: 4573: 4572: 4565: 4562: 4561: 4554: 4553:public domain 4528: 4521: 4515: 4513: 4498: 4492: 4490: 4475:on 2013-12-30 4474: 4470: 4466: 4460: 4452: 4445: 4437: 4435:9780191061677 4431: 4427: 4420: 4412: 4411: 4406: 4400: 4393: 4388: 4373: 4369: 4363: 4361: 4345:on 2011-12-20 4344: 4340: 4336: 4330: 4323: 4317: 4310: 4305: 4291:on 2013-01-10 4290: 4286: 4280: 4266: 4260: 4256: 4255: 4248: 4240: 4236: 4230: 4223: 4218: 4211: 4205: 4196: 4190: 4184: 4176: 4169: 4162: 4160: 4153: 4139: 4135: 4129: 4127: 4112: 4108: 4102: 4094: 4092:0-618-43277-9 4088: 4084: 4077: 4075: 4066: 4064:0-385-50584-1 4060: 4056: 4051: 4050: 4041: 4039: 4031: 4027: 4024: 4018: 4012: 4008: 4002: 4000: 3992: 3987: 3973:on 2014-10-15 3972: 3968: 3964: 3958: 3944: 3942:0-89869-211-3 3938: 3934: 3933: 3925: 3911: 3907: 3901: 3887: 3883: 3877: 3859: 3855: 3848: 3841: 3834: 3829: 3821: 3817: 3813: 3806: 3804: 3795: 3791: 3785: 3783: 3781: 3773: 3768: 3753: 3749: 3743: 3741: 3733: 3727: 3713:on 2010-06-13 3712: 3708: 3702: 3695: 3690: 3683: 3679: 3674: 3667: 3662: 3647: 3641: 3639: 3637: 3635: 3633: 3624: 3617: 3611: 3610:9789004099906 3607: 3603: 3597: 3590: 3585: 3583: 3575: 3571: 3570:public domain 3560: 3552: 3548: 3542: 3540: 3538: 3530: 3525: 3517: 3510: 3496: 3492: 3488: 3484: 3478: 3464: 3460: 3454: 3452: 3437: 3435:0-85323-039-0 3431: 3427: 3426: 3418: 3403: 3397: 3393: 3392: 3384: 3376: 3372: 3368: 3364: 3360: 3356: 3352: 3348: 3344: 3337: 3323: 3319: 3313: 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8278:Charismatics 8261: 8240:Gospel music 8170:Camp meeting 8162:1789–present 8094:Missionaries 8064: 8057: 8048:Menno Simons 7992: 7988:Church music 7839: 7810: 7695:Conciliarism 7680:Papal Schism 7522:Scandinavian 7414:Great Schism 7392:Nestorianism 7364:Christianity 7296:priest holes 7177:Chalcedonian 7171: 7140:Christianity 7094:Great Church 6902:Resurrection 6590: 6385:Architecture 6279:Confirmation 6227:Ecclesiology 6158:Original sin 6148:Nicene Creed 5945:Old Catholic 5829:Papal States 5793: 5761:Great Church 5727:Resurrection 5669:Christianity 5626:New Covenant 5577:(Scriptures) 5522:Christianity 5474: 5407: 5391: 5388:Great Church 5253:(1341–1351)* 5248: 5238: 5047: 4930: 4915: 4908: 4890: 4867: 4844: 4830: 4809: 4788: 4767: 4755: 4746: 4723: 4696: 4684: 4666: 4642: 4618: 4607: 4595: 4578: 4568:Bibliography 4558: 4545: 4534:. 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542:Patriarchate 524:Organization 490:Christianity 477: / 475:Resurrection 473: / 447:View of Mary 445: 438: 393:Hagia Sophia 353:Nestorianism 319:(modern-day 224: 222: 110:Next council 33: 11681:Laudato si' 11476:Pope Pius X 11305:Philip Neri 11280:Pope Pius V 11255:Thomas More 11124:Inquisition 11026:Charlemagne 10986:Monasticism 10796:Persecution 10688:Holy Spirit 10671:Crucifixion 10550:First seven 10409:Health care 10395:Pax Christi 10347:Schoenstatt 10312:Sant'Egidio 10144:Legionaries 10124:Franciscans 10099:Cistercians 10094:Carthusians 10049:Annonciades 9908:Altarpieces 9801:West Syriac 9796:East Syriac 9776:Alexandrian 9400:Holy orders 9381:Swiss Guard 9321:Dicasteries 9316:Roman Curia 9214:Evangelists 9172:Holy Family 9107:Personalism 9097:Natural law 9075:Josephology 9009:Holy orders 8647:Inquisition 8604:Middle Ages 8594:Monasticism 8562:Constantine 8486:Crucifixion 8367:Catholicism 8304:Protestants 8298:Evangelical 7973:39 Articles 7968:Elizabethan 7945:Anglicanism 7925:Westminster 7835:Melanchthon 7798:Lutheranism 7763:Nicodemites 7741:Arminianism 7712:Reformation 7653:Bonaventure 7628:Inquisition 7623:Waldensians 7573:Investiture 7551:Kievan Rus' 7507:Anglo-Saxon 7487:Pelagianism 7479:Middle Ages 7402:Iconodulism 7277:Thomas More 7198:Catholicism 7120:Monasticism 7103:Constantine 7028:Persecution 6986:Adoptionism 6971:Ante-Nicene 6914:Holy Spirit 6897:Crucifixion 6868:Origins and 6769:2nd and 3rd 6646:Persecution 6581:Christendom 6574:Cooperation 6511:Charismatic 6422:Holy Spirit 6331:Natural law 6294:Holy orders 6143:Christology 6136:Holy Spirit 6005:Pentecostal 5985:Evangelical 5980:Charismatic 5824:Monasticism 5816:Middle Ages 5779:Constantine 5722:Crucifixion 5604:Foundations 5306:Ephesus III 5208:(1962–1965) 5200:(1869–1870) 5192:(1545–1563) 5184:(1512–1517) 5168:(1414–1418) 5160:(1311–1312) 5126:Lateran III 4239:Homo laicus 3732:Latrocinium 3059:, with the 3038:Justinian I 2895:autocephaly 2620:See of Rome 2557:Incarnation 2549:Protestants 2381:Latrocinium 2156:Christology 2134:(325), the 1509:Prayer rope 1429:Iconostasis 1419:Euchologion 1404:Apolytikion 1279:Metousiosis 1244:Chrismation 876:Scandinavia 582:Monasticism 537:Autocephaly 471:Crucifixion 210:, 28 canons 173:Approx. 520 84:Lutheranism 11739:Categories 11554:coronation 11260:Pope Leo X 10845:Tertullian 10775:Revelation 10750:Background 10164:Oratorians 10119:Dominicans 10089:Carmelites 10084:Camillians 10032:institutes 9845:Tridentine 9781:Antiochian 9701:Macedonian 9646:Belarusian 9536:Provincial 9451:Archbishop 9371:Roman Rota 9333:Properties 9258:By country 9254:Precedence 9219:Confessors 9199:Archangels 9189:Patriarchs 9089:Philosophy 9067:Veneration 9032:Assumption 9002:Last rites 8969:Sacraments 8913:Four marks 8724:Vatican II 8672:Modern era 8508:Succession 8089:Revivalism 8010:Anabaptism 7958:Henry VIII 7783:Literature 7407:Iconoclasm 7387:Chrysostom 7340:Vatican II 7306:Jansenists 7292:Mass rocks 7228:Lateran IV 7147:Athanasius 7067:Tertullian 7011:Marcionism 7006:Gnosticism 6959:Revelation 6877:Background 6560:Prosperity 6536:Liberation 6476:Cathedrals 6461:Pilgrimage 6446:Literature 6323:Philosophy 6259:Sacraments 6232:Four marks 6193:Protestant 6168:Born again 5965:Anabaptist 5955:Protestant 5897:Influences 5859:Modern era 5563:By country 5298:Ephesus II 5206:Vatican II 5134:Lateran IV 5118:Lateran II 4536:2013-08-28 4502:2013-08-28 4479:2013-08-28 4349:2011-12-14 4295:2013-02-23 4270:2016-11-01 4143:2018-12-07 4116:2016-11-01 3977:2014-10-08 3948:2016-11-01 3915:2014-06-10 3891:2016-11-01 3867:2018-12-07 3758:2016-11-01 3717:2009-11-09 3652:2013-08-25 3500:2021-03-29 3468:2021-03-29 3441:2016-11-01 3327:2021-03-29 3303:2021-03-29 3184:References 3174:Wikisource 3053:Athanasius 3005:Alexandria 2938:Alexandria 2883:See also: 2765:preserved. 2673:hypostasis 2612:in Greek, 2596:hypostasis 2519:Acceptance 2504:hypostases 2342:Leo's Tome 2328:to call a 2277:Pope Leo I 2178:Background 2150:, and the 2097:homoousios 1610:Great Lent 1489:Paraklesis 1469:Omophorion 1424:Holy Water 1323:Philokalia 982:Montenegro 811:ROCOR (MP) 801:Crete (EP) 774:China (MP) 769:Japan (MP) 745:Autonomous 623:Alexandria 464:Background 387:Mosaic of 170:Attendance 161:Pope Leo I 11570:Communism 11540:Ecumenism 10886:(380–451) 10878:(180–451) 10867:(313–476) 10789:(100–325) 10405:See also: 10357:Charities 10266:Discalced 10194:Trappists 10189:Theatines 10159:Olivetans 10104:Clarisses 10074:Blue nuns 10059:Basilians 10036:societies 9944:See also: 9830:Mozarabic 9820:Ambrosian 9806:Malankara 9791:Byzantine 9751:Ukrainian 9726:Ruthenian 9691:Hungarian 9676:Ethiopian 9651:Bulgarian 9618:sui iuris 9602:Postulant 9511:Religious 9466:Auxiliary 9461:Coadjutor 9431:Patriarch 9299:Cardinals 9246:Canon law 9242:Hierarchy 9224:Disciples 9147:Relations 9135:Evolution 9126:See also: 9071:See also: 9024:Mariology 9014:Matrimony 8987:Eucharist 8908:Ecumenism 8836:Salvation 8772:Catechism 8767:Tradition 8729:Communism 8577:Chalcedon 8255:Ecumenism 8205:Adventism 8195:Mormonism 8131:Millerism 8126:Methodism 8081:1640–1789 7983:Civil War 7930:Orthodoxy 7885:Huguenots 7867:Calvinism 7852:Eucharist 7847:Orthodoxy 7731:Eucharist 7663:Five Ways 7613:Dulcinian 7566:Pomerania 7492:Gregory I 7336:Vatican I 7326:Modernism 7311:Molinists 7301:Guadalupe 7172:Chalcedon 7167:Ephesus I 7157:Augustine 7033:Apostolic 7016:Montanism 6981:Diversity 6757:Centuries 6636:Criticism 6586:Ecumenism 6550:Mysticism 6516:Democracy 6506:Anarchism 6493:Movements 6456:Mythology 6434:Catechism 6429:Education 6346:Evolution 6269:Eucharist 6252:Canon law 6210:Theotokos 6205:Mariology 6163:Salvation 6153:Tradition 6000:Methodist 5960:Adventist 5794:Chalcedon 5241:(879–880) 5198:Vatican I 5182:Lateran V 5166:Constance 5110:Lateran I 5104:(869–870) 5072:Nicaea II 5066:(680–681) 5048:Chalcedon 4694:(2006) . 4640:(1975) . 4392:Bury 1889 3375:153625926 3367:0009-6407 3063:as their 3028:Sassanian 2911:Justinian 2907:patriarch 2903:pentarchy 2862:of Leo's 2792:receives. 2772:heretics. 2576:Anglicans 2441:Lilybaeum 2418:Pulcheria 2406:, c. 1502 2372:Pulcheria 2148:Nestorius 2074:Chalcedon 1620:Dormition 1544:Vestments 1539:Troparion 1534:Sticheron 1524:Semantron 1514:Prosphora 1439:Kontakion 1347:Theotokos 1300:Oikonomia 1259:Hesychasm 1141:Pentarchy 1109:Jerusalem 953:churches: 633:Jerusalem 557:Canon law 510:Orthodoxy 479:Ascension 409:Structure 345:Nestorius 313:Chalcedon 152:Anatolius 144:Anatolius 138:President 89:Calvinism 11775:Bithynia 11580:HIV/AIDS 11074:Crusades 10828:Irenaeus 10821:Ignatius 10816:Polycarp 10666:Ministry 10654:(30–100) 10528:Timeline 10449:Category 10342:Opus Dei 10327:Scouting 10317:Focolare 10184:Servites 10169:Piarists 10114:Crosiers 9850:Anglican 9786:Armenian 9716:Romanian 9706:Maronite 9681:Georgian 9671:Eritrean 9656:Chaldean 9641:Armenian 9636:Albanian 9517:Superior 9476:Emeritus 9456:Diocesan 9309:Advisers 9268:Holy See 9194:Prophets 9152:Politics 8923:Catholic 8903:Councils 8758:Theology 8637:Crusades 8572:Nicaea I 8503:Apostles 8481:Ministry 8450:Timeline 8430:Glossary 8347:Theology 8335:Missions 8330:Timeline 8302:Mainline 8250:Pacifism 8099:Baptists 8018:Theology 7978:Puritans 7953:Timeline 7895:Scotland 7823:Theology 7670:Wycliffe 7618:Crusades 7593:Bogomils 7546:Bulgaria 7502:Germanic 7454:Ethiopia 7352:Timeline 7130:Nicaea I 7125:Councils 7057:Irenaeus 7052:Ignatius 7047:Polycarp 7001:Donatism 6996:Docetism 6991:Arianism 6892:Ministry 6690:Category 6555:Pacifism 6369:features 6353:Politics 6306:Ablution 6274:Marriage 6178:Catholic 6108:Theology 6015:Reformed 5995:Lutheran 5990:Holiness 5970:Anglican 5940:Catholic 5844:Crusades 5789:Nicaea I 5739:Apostles 5712:Miracles 5707:Parables 5697:Ministry 5687:Nativity 5651:timeline 5548:Prophets 5543:Glossary 5364:See also 5329:Nicaea I 5274:Nicaea I 5024:Nicaea I 4925:(2009). 4765:(1989). 4744:(1966). 4718:(2009). 4605:(1889). 4527:Archived 4407:(1902). 4026:Archived 3910:suscopts 3858:Archived 3115:See also 3048:Theodora 2849:Pope Leo 2841:New Rome 2810:œconomus 2720:Epitomes 2706:in 449. 2700:Eutyches 2667:prosopon 2555:and the 2541:Catholic 2265:Arianism 2261:Docetism 2226:Eutyches 2212:Eutyches 2146:against 1821:a series 1819:Part of 1701:Kassiani 1399:Akathist 1329:Phronema 1317:Palamism 1306:Akribeia 1215:Theology 962:Abkhazia 951:National 653:Bulgaria 594:Bratstvo 532:Autonomy 481:of Jesus 414:Theology 400:Overview 367:a series 365:Part of 341:Eutyches 325:Istanbul 317:Bithynia 11780:Kadıköy 11545:Judaism 10945:Vulgate 10755:Gospels 10730:Stephen 10647:Origins 10567:Vulgate 10503:General 10493:of the 10491:History 10414:Schools 10370:Caritas 10278:Secular 10244:Workers 10139:Jesuits 9925:Museums 9920:Library 9898:Writers 9893:Artists 9873:Culture 9840:Paul VI 9721:Russian 9711:Melkite 9553:Brother 9531:General 9471:Titular 9441:Primate 9419:Eparchy 9409:Diocese 9356:Outline 9295:College 9285:Francis 9229:Virgins 9204:Martyrs 9130:Science 9037:History 8992:Penance 8977:Baptism 8878:Worship 8851:Vulgate 8799:Kingdom 8794:Trinity 8782:General 8537:Primacy 8445:History 8425:Outline 8340:Martyrs 8136:Pietism 8066:Ausbund 8038:Müntzer 7963:Cranmer 7910:Baptism 7875:Zwingli 7726:Erasmus 7675:Avignon 7658:Aquinas 7648:Francis 7643:Dominic 7603:Cathars 7598:Bosnian 7588:Bernard 7583:Abelard 7556:Moravia 7541:Bohemia 7527:Iceland 7449:Serbian 7429:Georgia 7424:Armenia 7362:Eastern 7263:Jesuits 6939:Gospels 6887:Baptism 6619:Related 6412:Trinity 6377:Culture 6341:Science 6311:Hygiene 6301:Mission 6284:Penance 6264:Baptism 6200:Worship 6173:Liturgy 6121:Trinity 6032:Eastern 6010:Quakers 5975:Baptist 5932:Western 5922:members 5692:Baptism 5646:History 5636:Worship 5538:Outline 5290:Ephesus 5150:Lyon II 5040:Ephesus 4555:: 4335:"Egypt" 3098:Menaion 3094:propers 2942:Antioch 2758:church. 2738:master. 2734:widows. 2600:Godhead 2586:Results 2553:Trinity 2413:Marcian 2334:Ephesus 2330:council 2253:persona 2202:(431). 2158:of the 1832:of the 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5442:(1872) 5434:(1672) 5426:(1642) 5158:Vienne 5152:(1274) 5144:(1245) 5142:Lyon I 5136:(1215) 5128:(1179) 5120:(1139) 5112:(1123) 4937: 4897: 4874: 4851: 4817: 4796: 4775: 4730: 4704: 4673: 4650: 4626: 4585: 4432: 4261: 4089: 4061: 3939: 3608: 3572:: 3432: 3398: 3373: 3365: 3267: 3020:Coptic 2989:physes 2782:forms. 2716:canons 2710:Canons 2424:, the 2385:schism 2361:Hilary 2288:Sardis 2257:natura 2245:physis 2237:physis 2154:. The 1823:on the 1803:Agenda 1484:Praxis 1294:Nepsis 1171:Russia 1104:Moscow 1075:Eighth 1046:Fourth 1036:Second 992:UOC–KP 987:Turkey 977:Latvia 851:France 846:Canada 673:Poland 668:Greece 663:Cyprus 643:Serbia 638:Russia 562:Clergy 369:on the 329:Turkey 178:Topics 11613:Islam 10881:Roman 10840:Canon 10713:Peter 10661:Jesus 10390:CIDSE 10239:Youth 9963:Media 9930:Music 9855:Zaire 9835:Roman 9825:Braga 9815:Latin 9686:Greek 9558:Friar 9522:Abbot 9436:Major 9351:Index 9250:Laity 8816:Dogma 8763:Bible 8739:Islam 8695:Trent 8476:Jesus 8458:Legal 8420:Index 8262:solae 8260:Five 8053:Smyth 7905:TULIP 7828:Bible 7536:Slavs 7439:Egypt 7397:Icons 7248:Trent 7238:Leo X 7135:Creed 6545:Right 6451:Music 6402:Jesus 6367:Other 6222:Angel 5677:Jesus 5667:Early 5616:Creed 5585:Canon 5573:Bible 5533:Index 5418:(692) 5390:(180– 5378:/155– 5355:(484) 5347:(410) 5339:(381) 5331:(325) 5308:(475) 5300:(449) 5292:(431) 5284:(381) 5276:(325) 5190:Trent 5074:(787) 5058:(553) 5050:(451) 5042:(431) 5034:(381) 5026:(325) 4530:(PDF) 4523:(PDF) 3861:(PDF) 3850:(PDF) 3407:8 May 3371:S2CID 3140:Greek 3127:Notes 3016:Egypt 2829:them. 2574:Many 2496:credo 2491:credo 2433:Italy 2422:Aspar 2273:Jesus 2251:word 2249:Latin 2243:word 2241:Greek 2168:Aba I 1409:Artos 1312:Ousia 1274:Icons 1099:Jassy 1080:Ninth 1056:Sixth 1051:Fifth 1041:Third 1031:First 972:Italy 754:Sinai 294:Latin 11663:2023 11658:2019 11653:2016 11648:2013 11643:2011 11638:2008 11633:2005 11628:2002 11623:2000 11590:1995 10760:Acts 10723:Paul 10718:John 10693:Mary 9915:Folk 9563:Monk 9304:List 9282:Pope 9177:Mary 8312:left 8310:and 8300:and 8150:and 8148:Neo- 7915:Dort 7900:Knox 7746:Wars 7338:and 7294:and 7287:Wars 6944:Acts 6859:21st 6854:20th 6849:19th 6844:18th 6839:17th 6834:16th 6829:15th 6824:14th 6819:13th 6814:12th 6809:11th 6804:10th 6541:Left 6441:Flag 6407:Mary 5918:list 4935:ISBN 4895:ISBN 4872:ISBN 4849:ISBN 4815:ISBN 4794:ISBN 4773:ISBN 4728:ISBN 4702:ISBN 4671:ISBN 4648:ISBN 4624:ISBN 4583:ISBN 4430:ISBN 4379:2024 4259:ISBN 4161:, 54 4087:ISBN 4059:ISBN 3937:ISBN 3606:ISBN 3430:ISBN 3409:2024 3396:ISBN 3363:ISSN 3265:ISBN 3084:The 3030:and 2940:and 2934:Rome 2864:Tome 2565:Word 2539:and 2531:The 2222:monk 1741:Folk 1622:Fast 1454:Lity 1199:2018 1194:1996 343:and 223:The 193:and 45:Date 11785:451 10649:and 10599:Art 10229:Lay 9881:Art 9575:Nun 9297:of 8789:God 7857:Art 7715:and 7690:Hus 7253:Art 6799:9th 6794:8th 6789:7th 6784:6th 6779:5th 6774:4th 6764:1st 6397:Art 6131:Son 6116:God 5408:451 5404:380 5392:451 5380:314 3491:doi 3355:doi 3014:In 2929:". 1334:Sin 1303:vs 359:). 159:of 11741:: 10034:, 9524:, 7179:/ 7035:/ 5920:, 5376:50 4929:. 4889:. 4866:. 4843:. 4722:. 4665:. 4589:. 4525:. 4511:^ 4488:^ 4467:. 4370:. 4359:^ 4337:. 4237:. 4136:. 4125:^ 4109:. 4073:^ 4057:. 4055:84 4037:^ 3998:^ 3965:. 3908:. 3884:. 3852:. 3818:. 3814:. 3802:^ 3792:. 3779:^ 3750:. 3739:^ 3680:, 3631:^ 3581:^ 3549:. 3536:^ 3489:. 3485:. 3461:. 3450:^ 3369:. 3361:. 3351:77 3349:. 3345:. 3320:. 3296:. 3283:^ 3233:^ 3148:, 3142:: 3100:. 3034:. 2973:. 2936:, 2847:. 2305:. 2123:. 698:: 391:, 327:, 323:, 315:, 296:: 292:; 255:ən 249:iː 146:, 11556:) 11552:( 10483:e 10476:t 10469:v 10029:, 9513:: 9402:) 9398:( 9275:) 9271:( 8401:e 8394:t 8387:v 7096:) 7092:( 6724:e 6717:t 6710:v 6543:/ 5924:) 5916:( 5659:) 5655:( 5653:) 5649:( 5514:e 5507:t 5500:v 5410:) 5406:– 5402:( 5394:) 5382:) 5374:( 5243:* 4999:e 4992:t 4985:v 4943:. 4903:. 4880:. 4857:. 4823:. 4802:. 4781:. 4736:. 4710:. 4679:. 4656:. 4632:. 4539:. 4505:. 4482:. 4438:. 4381:. 4352:. 4298:. 4273:. 4241:. 4177:. 4146:. 4119:. 4095:. 4067:. 3980:. 3951:. 3918:. 3894:. 3870:. 3822:. 3820:X 3796:. 3761:. 3720:. 3655:. 3553:. 3503:. 3493:: 3471:. 3444:. 3411:. 3377:. 3357:: 3330:. 3306:. 3176:. 2950:( 2812:. 2045:e 2038:t 2031:v 1791:e 1784:t 1777:v 1230:) 1226:( 1024:: 420:) 288:/ 285:n 282:ɒ 279:d 276:ɪ 273:s 270:l 267:æ 264:k 261:ˈ 258:, 252:d 246:s 243:ˈ 240:l 237:æ 234:k 231:/ 227:(

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