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Second Council of Constantinople

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194: 2145:. It used to be argued that the extant acts are incomplete, since they make no mention of the debate over Origenism. However, the solution generally accepted today is that the bishops signed the canons condemning Origenism before the council formally opened. This condemnation was confirmed by Pope Vigilius and the subsequent ecumenical council (Third Council of Constantinople) gave its "assent" in its Definition of Faith to the five previous synods, including "... the last, that is the Fifth holy Synod assembled in this place, against Theodore of Mopsuestia, Origen, Didymus, and Evagrius ..."; its full conciliar authority has only been questioned in modern times. 4005: 29: 1618: 1648: 2290: 4017: 1821: 2053:, assisted by the other three eastern patriarchs or their representatives. Pope Vigilius was also invited; but even though he was at this period resident in Constantinople (to avoid the perils of life in Italy, convulsed by the war against the Ostrogoths), he declined to attend, and even issued a document forbidding the council from proceeding without him (his 'First Constitutum'). For more details see 2065:
to condemn the Three Chapters, claiming that his hesitation was due to being misled by his advisors. His approval of the council was expressed in two documents, (a letter to Eutychius of Constantinople on 8 December 553, and a second "Constitutum" of 23 February 554, probably addressed to the Western episcopate), condemning the Three Chapters, on his own authority and without mention of the council.
2079:. Milan accepted the condemnation only toward the end of the sixth century, whereas Aquileia did not do so until about 700. The rest of the Western Church accepted the decrees of the council, though without great enthusiasm. Though ranked as one of the ecumenical councils, it never attained in the West the status of either Nicaea or Chalcedon. 2120:
Christology with a new precision, bringing out that Christ has two natures, the human and the divine, in one person. The 'two natures' defined at Chalcedon were now clearly interpreted as two sets of attributes possessed by a single person, Christ God, the Second Person of the Trinity. Later Byzantine Christology, as found in
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for his refusal to appear at the council and approve its proceedings, effectively excommunicating him personally but not the rest of the Western Church. Vigilius was then imprisoned in Constantinople by the emperor and his advisors were exiled. After six months, in December 553, he agreed, however,
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The original Greek acts of the council are lost, but an old Latin version exists, possibly made for Vigilius, of which there is a critical edition and of which there is now an English translation and commentary, and a modern Greek translation and commentary. It has been alleged (probably falsely)
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Despite the conflict between the council and the pope, and the inability to reconcile Chalcedonians and non-Chalcedonians, the council still made a significant theological contribution. The canons condemning the Three Chapters were preceded by ten dogmatic canons which defined Chalcedonian
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in the eastern provinces of the Empire. Various attempts at reconciliation between these parties within the Byzantine Empire were made by many emperors over the four centuries following the Council of Ephesus, none of them successful. Some attempts at reconciliation, such as this one, the
2206:. These propositions assert, respectively, that Christ possessed no human energy but only a divine function or principle of operation (purposefully formulated in an equivocal and vague manner, and promulgated between 610 and 622 by the 2128:, was built upon this basis. It might have proved sufficient, moreover, to bring about the reunion of Chalcedonians and non-Chalcedonians, had it not been for the severance of connections between the two groups that resulted from the 2272:(B. I. 5a. "We agree on the doctrine of God, the Holy Trinity, as formulated by the Ecumenical Councils of Nicaea and Constantinople and on the doctrine of the person of Christ as formulated by the first four Ecumenical Councils."). 1166: 2214:) and that Christ possessed no human will but only a divine will, "will" being understood to mean the desires and appetites in accord with the nature (promulgated in 638 by the same and opposed most notably by 641: 651: 5597: 696: 701: 671: 5305: 3793: 986: 691: 2060:
The council, however, proceeded without the pope to condemn the Three Chapters. And during the seventh session of the council, the bishops had Vigilius stricken from the
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The Second Council of Constantinople is also considered as one of the many attempts by Byzantine Emperors to bring peace in the empire between the Chalcedonian and
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Even though the Council was moved to Ferrara in 1438 and later to Florence, some bishops refused to move and remained in a parallel Council at Basel.
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A History of the Councils of the Church: To the Close of the Council of Nicea, A.D. 325 (original, "Conciliengeschichte")
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The Acts of the Council of Constantinople of 553 – 2 Vol Set: With Related Texts on the Three Chapters Controversy
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Lutheran–Orthodox Joint Commission, Seventh Meeting, The Ecumenical Councils, Common Statement, 1993,
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having converted a short time prior) the churches never accepted the council; when news of the later
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Autocephaly and canonicity recognized by Constantinople and 3 other autocephalous Churches:
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The main work of the council was to confirm the condemnation issued by edict in 551 by the
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The purpose of the condemnation was to make plain that the Great Church, which followed a
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and against the Three Chapters. 15 canons condemning the teaching of Origen and Evagrius.
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of Theodore—who had once been widely esteemed as a pillar of orthodoxy—causing further
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Justinian hoped that this would contribute to a reunion between the Chalcedonians and
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factions of the church which had been in continuous conflict since the times of the
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The Church in history. Vol. 2. Crestwood, NY: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press.
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that the original Acts of the Fifth Council had been tampered with in favour of
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Ecumenical council held in 553 in response to the Three Chapters controversy
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The First Seven Ecumenical Councils (325–787): Their History and Theology
1961:), and a letter written against Cyrillianism and the Ephesian Council by 1912:. It was held from 5 May to 2 June 553. Participants were overwhelmingly 1902: 1891: 1319: 1239: 1229: 1214: 1089: 1054: 418: 372: 347: 157: 112: 6106: 5856: 5804: 5609: 5439: 5084: 4913: 4857: 4852: 3557: 3142: 2728: 1985: 1420: 1299: 1279: 1133: 4032: 1938:. These were the Christological writings and ultimately the person of 6101: 6051: 5977: 5972: 5746: 5731: 5459: 5449: 5152: 5138: 4862: 4496: 2002: 1981: 1931: 1887: 1886:
opinions and recognition of it are varied. Some Protestants, such as
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The Formation of Christendom, revised, illustrated paperback edition
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condemnation of the Three Chapters and the unprecedented posthumous
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Also, one of the Acts of the Council at Constantinople, were the
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and seven from Africa, but none from Italy—out of the 152 total.
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Spiritual independence recognized by Georgian Orthodox Church:
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Autocephalous Churches who are officially part of the communion:
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Pope Pius XII 1942 consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary
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Imperial unity and Christian divisions: The Church 450–680 A.D.
2430:, the judgment of Bois, in Diet. de theol. cath., II, 1238–39.) 2191: 2187: 1511: 1104: 5546: 2069: 1219: 1122: 2360: 2701:. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. pp. 270–286. 1084: 2251:(3 names, 3 bishops and 145 other, plus 1 pope, total 152) 33:
Artistic rendition of Second Council of Constantinople by
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Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution
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was communicated to them by Rome it was received as the
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accept all seven. Constantinople II was convoked by the
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Political influence of Evangelicalism in Latin America
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The History of Byzantine and Eastern Canon Law to 1500
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Autocephaly recognized by some autocephalous Churches
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Dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary
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to arise in the process, such as the aforementioned
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Acta Conciliorum Oecumenicorum. Tomus IV, volumen I
2787: 2594:. Christian Classics Ethereal Library. 1 June 2005 2504:. Christian Classics Ethereal Library. 1 June 2005 2068:In Northern Italy the ecclesiastical provinces of 2668:. London: Princeton University Press and Fontana. 2407:Sacrorum Conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio 2198:and the emergent semi-monophysite compromises of 6226: 3784:Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII 2329: 2298: 2620: 2457:Herrin (1989) p. 241 and the references therein 4563: 4048: 2773: 2409:, vol. IX, pp. 414–420, 457–488; cf. Hefele, 2335:"Chapter 6 Council of Constantinople II, 553" 1890:, recognize the first four councils, whereas 1843: 1652:Renaissance depiction of the Council of Trent 1594: 4577: 2558:, Athens, Greece: Holy Diocese of Nicopolis 2013: 2007: 4570: 4556: 4055: 4041: 3799:Dogma of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary 3749:Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart 2780: 2766: 2672: 2515: 2366: 2325: 2323: 2321: 2319: 2284: 2282: 2280: 2278: 1850: 1836: 1646: 1601: 1587: 2548: 166:Chronological list of ecumenical councils 4429:Ancient church councils (pre-ecumenical) 2494: 5988:Fostering of early experimental science 4529: 4062: 2316: 2275: 2232: 2230: 6227: 6092:Fundamentalist – Modernist controversy 2715: 2660: 2521: 2165:issued against those who rejected the 4551: 4036: 2761: 2696: 1942:(died 428), certain writings against 2312:. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 2227: 1946:'s Twelve Anathemas accepted at the 1557:Encyclical of the Eastern Patriarchs 1167:Differences from the Catholic Church 1033:History of Eastern Orthodox theology 3653:Suppression of the Society of Jesus 2584: 2094:ecumenical council, not the sixth. 879:Other possible ecumenical councils: 642:Australia, New Zealand, and Oceania 13: 3208:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran 2270:Lutheran–Orthodox Joint Commission 2006:) but only the mother of the man ( 1920:were present, including nine from 14: 6276: 6235:Church councils in Constantinople 2746: 2581:Price (2009) vol. 2, pp. 270–286. 2306:". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). 2045:The council was presided over by 749:American Orthodox Catholic Church 4457:State church of the Roman Empire 4015: 4003: 3334:Fourth Council of Constantinople 3289:Second Council of Constantinople 2753:Second Council of Constantinople 2288: 1992:could not be rightly called the 1864:Second Council of Constantinople 1819: 1779:Basel–Ferrara–Florence (1431–42) 1616: 652:Belgium, Holland, and Luxembourg 192: 27: 22:Second Council of Constantinople 6245:First seven ecumenical councils 4288:First seven ecumenical councils 4152:First seven ecumenical councils 4072:First seven ecumenical councils 3304:Third Council of Constantinople 3228:First Council of Constantinople 2654: 2633: 2614: 2611:Price (2009) vol. 2, pp. 270ff. 2605: 2575: 2562: 2542: 2533: 2485: 2476: 2460: 2451: 2442: 2116:, who was considered a martyr. 2088:Third Council of Constantinople 1878:. It is also recognized by the 1868:first seven ecumenical councils 972:Christianization of Kievan Rus' 833:First Seven Ecumenical Councils 102:Third Council of Constantinople 5951:Separation of church and state 5620:Formal and material principles 5605:Separation of church and state 3543:Dissolution of the monasteries 2809:History of the Catholic Church 2433: 2416: 2396: 2380:"Vigilius | pope | Britannica" 2372: 2256: 2210:under the advice of Patriarch 2152:account of the council in the 2034: 76:Some other Protestant churches 1: 5615:Hymnody of continental Europe 4766:Apostles in the New Testament 3417:Fourth Council of the Lateran 3392:Second Council of the Lateran 3001:Apostles in the New Testament 2491:Price (2009) vol. I, p. 73–75 1972:creed, was firmly opposed to 1955: 1402:Intercession of the Theotokos 1177:Opposition to papal supremacy 996:Moscow–Constantinople schism 697:Switzerland and Liechtenstein 152:Documents and statements 6240:550s in the Byzantine Empire 3531:Catholic Counter-Reformation 3397:Third Council of the Lateran 3387:First Council of the Lateran 2843:Catholic ecumenical councils 2196:schism of the Three Chapters 2172: 1702:Constantinople III (680–681) 967:Christianization of Bulgaria 7: 6250:6th-century church councils 5063:Eastern Orthodox opposition 2554:The 5th Ecumenical Council 2212:Sergius I of Constantinople 2167:Perpetual Virginity of Mary 2051:Patriarch of Constantinople 2012:) or the mother of Christ ( 1910:Eutychius of Constantinople 1712:Constantinople IV (869–870) 1522:Photios I of Constantinople 1039:20th century (Neo-Palamism) 962:Christianization of Georgia 123:Eutychius of Constantinople 10: 6281: 5080:Art patronage of Julius II 2877:History of the Roman Curia 2725:Charleston, South Carolina 2304:Councils of Constantinople 2038: 1980:which had either assisted 1172:Opposition to the Filioque 715:Noncanonical jurisdictions 6172: 6007: 5926: 5855: 5790: 5712: 5643: 5583:Calvinist–Arminian debate 5557: 5324: 5207: 5043: 4934: 4816: 4714: 4603: 4585: 4523: 4505:Conference of Addis Ababa 4420: 4373: 4318: 4273: 4139: 4070: 3998: 3898: 3764: 3691: 3626: 3613:European wars of religion 3510: 3445: 3347: 3269: 3160: 3083: 2943: 2932: 2924:Eastern Catholic Churches 2799: 2522:Straub, Johannes (1971), 2439:Herrin (1989) pp. 240–241 2077:broke communion with Rome 2041:Three-Chapter Controversy 2001: 1409:The four fasting periods: 1290:Eastern Orthodox marriage 898:Other important councils: 754:American World Patriarchs 672:Great Britain and Ireland 164: 150: 136: 128: 118: 107: 95: 83: 49: 41: 26: 21: 6072:Christian existentialism 4322:Oriental Orthodox Church 3744:Mary of the Divine Heart 3367:Clash against the empire 3319:Second Council of Nicaea 3213:Old St. Peter's Basilica 2221: 1905:under the presidency of 1452:Athanasius of Alexandria 702:United States of America 494:Czech Lands and Slovakia 316:Four Marks of the Church 4579:History of Christianity 4497:Synod of Constantinople 4278:Eastern Orthodox Church 4010:Vatican City portal 3362:Investiture Controversy 3218:First Council of Nicaea 2697:Price, Richard (2009). 2413:, vol. II, pp. 905–911. 2135: 1872:Eastern Orthodox Church 1870:recognized by both the 1697:Constantinople II (553) 1285:Eastern Orthodox bowing 186:Eastern Orthodox Church 62:Eastern Orthodox Church 6265:Nature of Jesus Christ 6140:Fourth Great Awakening 6027:Second Great Awakening 5266:Fall of Constantinople 5058:Development of primacy 4022:Catholicism portal 3833:Second Vatican Council 3719:Our Lady of La Salette 3526:Protestant Reformation 3513:Protestant Reformation 3432:Second Council of Lyon 2821:Ecclesiastical history 2717:Hefele, Karl Josef von 2572:, vol. II, pp. 855–858 2014: 2008: 1940:Theodore of Mopsuestia 1826:Catholicism portal 1671:Constantinople I (381) 1562:Eastern Orthodox cross 727:Spiritual Christianity 6135:Reformed epistemology 6077:Third Great Awakening 6047:Seventh-day Adventist 5968:First Great Awakening 5841:Book of Common Prayer 5635:Protestant work ethic 5178:Independent Catholics 5129:Monastery dissolution 3729:First Vatican Council 3427:First Council of Lyon 3191:Constantine the Great 2887:Christian monasticism 2309:Catholic Encyclopedia 2216:Maximus the Confessor 2132:of the next century. 2122:Maximus the Confessor 2082:In Visigothic Spain ( 2039:Further information: 1572:Statistics by country 1497:Maximus the Confessor 925:Constantinople (1872) 5958:Edicts of toleration 5767:Three Forms of Unity 5532:Bohemian Reformation 5105:Catholic Reformation 4962:Roman state religion 4781:Council of Jerusalem 4513:Pan-Orthodox Council 3906:Sexual abuse scandal 3815:Mit brennender Sorge 3658:Age of Enlightenment 3437:Bernard of Clairvaux 3314:Byzantine Iconoclasm 3253:Council of Chalcedon 3033:Council of Jerusalem 2902:Role in civilization 2882:Religious institutes 2814:By country or region 2482:Herrin (1989) p. 241 2448:Herrin (1989) p. 244 2110:Facundus of Hermiane 2105:De Viris Illustribus 1976:as supported by the 1952:Theodoret of Cyrrhus 1866:is the fifth of the 1810:Vatican II (1962–65) 1507:Theodore the Studite 1472:Gregory of Nazianzus 1330:Russian bell ringing 1255:Liturgical entrances 1065:Essence vs. Energies 1060:Contemplative prayer 813:Evangelical Orthodox 635:Episcopal assemblies 358:Ecumenical Patriarch 311:Apostolic succession 90:Council of Chalcedon 6130:Liberation theology 6037:Jehovah's Witnesses 5870:Radical Reformation 5598:Resistance theories 5485:Christian mysticism 5480:Early Scholasticism 5192:Ecclesial community 5090:Counter-Reformation 4955:Constantinian shift 4410:Synod of Beth Lapat 4064:Ecumenical councils 3734:Papal infallibility 3724:Our Lady of Lourdes 3673:Shimabara Rebellion 3517:Counter-Reformation 2570:Conciliengeschichte 2550:Kalamaras, Meletios 2424:Conciliengeschichte 2411:Conciliengeschichte 2369:, pp. 241–243. 1944:Cyril of Alexandria 1805:Vatican I (1869–70) 1797:19th–20th centuries 1784:Lateran V (1512–17) 1774:Constance (1414–18) 1766:15th–16th centuries 1720:12th–14th centuries 1635:Ecumenical councils 1517:Cyril and Methodius 1487:Cyril of Alexandria 1374:Liturgical calendar 1190:Liturgy and worship 826:Ecumenical councils 229:History of theology 72:Old Catholic Church 6204:Oriental Orthodoxy 5847:King James Version 5659:Ninety-five Theses 5455:Apostolic Brethren 5229:Church of the East 5224:Oriental Orthodoxy 5070:Crusading movement 4590:Early Christianity 4489:Synod of Jerusalem 4402:Seleucia-Ctesiphon 4377:Church of the East 4121:Constantinople III 3779:Our Lady of Fátima 3568:Ignatius of Loyola 3492:Catherine of Siena 3460:Pope Boniface VIII 3279:Benedict of Nursia 3248:Council of Ephesus 3085:Ante-Nicene period 3038:Split with Judaism 2872:Crusading movement 2467:Isidore of Seville 2384:www.britannica.com 2096:Isidore of Seville 2029:Council of Ephesus 1948:Council of Ephesus 1738:Lateran III (1179) 1467:Cyril of Jerusalem 1397:Feast of Orthodoxy 692:Spain and Portugal 200:Christ Pantocrator 67:Anglican Communion 6222: 6221: 6199:Eastern Orthodoxy 6067:Finnish Awakening 6022:Holiness movement 5963:Congregationalism 5922: 5921: 5782:Metrical psalters 5219:Eastern Orthodoxy 5163:Neo-Scholasticism 4870:Canon development 4771:Jewish Christians 4545: 4544: 4473:Quinisext Council 4374:Recognized by the 4319:Recognized by the 4296:Constantinople IV 4274:Recognized by the 4159:Constantinople IV 4141:Recognized by the 4113:Constantinople II 4030: 4029: 3990:COVID-19 pandemic 3968:Pope Benedict XVI 3873:Pope John Paul II 3648:Pope Benedict XIV 3634:French Revolution 3618:Thirty Years' War 3608:Robert Bellarmine 3593:John of the Cross 3497:Pope Alexander VI 3482:Council of Vienne 3412:Francis of Assisi 3402:Pope Innocent III 3271:Early Middle Ages 3265: 3264: 3261: 3260: 3203:Arian controversy 3156: 3155: 3104:Apostolic Fathers 2689:978-0-88-141056-3 2528:Walter de Gruyter 2208:Emperor Heraclius 2179:non-Chalcedonians 2155:Melkite Chronicle 2114:Victor of Tunnuna 1978:Antiochene school 1900:Byzantine Emperor 1860: 1859: 1743:Lateran IV (1215) 1733:Lateran II (1139) 1689:6th–9th centuries 1658:4th–5th centuries 1611: 1610: 1462:Basil of Caesarea 1457:Ephrem the Syrian 1340:Sign of the cross 1315:Paschal troparion 1095:Mystical theology 905:Quinisext Council 606:Semi-Autonomous: 251:View of salvation 171: 170: 6272: 5641: 5640: 5028:Non-Chalcedonian 5009:Constantinople I 4801:General epistles 4796:Pauline epistles 4776:Paul the Apostle 4754:Great Commission 4572: 4565: 4558: 4549: 4548: 4536: 4533: 4516: 4508: 4500: 4492: 4484: 4476: 4468: 4452: 4440: 4413: 4405: 4397: 4394:Constantinople I 4389: 4366: 4358: 4350: 4342: 4339:Constantinople I 4334: 4311: 4307:Constantinople V 4301: 4290: 4280: 4266: 4258: 4250: 4242: 4234: 4226: 4218: 4210: 4202: 4194: 4186: 4178: 4170: 4162: 4154: 4132: 4124: 4116: 4108: 4100: 4092: 4089:Constantinople I 4084: 4057: 4050: 4043: 4034: 4033: 4020: 4019: 4008: 4007: 4006: 3985:Patriarch Kirill 3858:Pope John Paul I 3663:Anti-clericalism 3643:Pope Innocent XI 3563:Society of Jesus 3548:Council of Trent 3502:Age of Discovery 3447:Late Middle Ages 3349:High Middle Ages 3339:East–West Schism 3223:Pope Sylvester I 3169: 3168: 3158: 3157: 3068:General epistles 3063:Pauline epistles 2996:John the Baptist 2979:Great Commission 2941: 2940: 2892:Catholic culture 2782: 2775: 2768: 2759: 2758: 2742: 2712: 2693: 2674:Meyendorff, John 2669: 2649: 2648: 2643:. Archived from 2637: 2631: 2629: 2618: 2612: 2609: 2603: 2602: 2600: 2599: 2588: 2582: 2579: 2573: 2566: 2560: 2559: 2546: 2540: 2537: 2531: 2530: 2519: 2513: 2512: 2510: 2509: 2498: 2492: 2489: 2483: 2480: 2474: 2464: 2458: 2455: 2449: 2446: 2440: 2437: 2431: 2420: 2414: 2400: 2394: 2393: 2391: 2390: 2376: 2370: 2364: 2358: 2357: 2356: 2355: 2331:Leo Donald Davis 2327: 2314: 2313: 2300:Thomas J. Shahan 2292: 2291: 2286: 2273: 2260: 2254: 2248: 2246: 2245: 2234: 2184:anathematization 2130:Muslim conquests 2126:John of Damascus 2025:non-Chalcedonian 2019: 2011: 2005: 1984:, the eponymous 1960: 1957: 1852: 1845: 1838: 1824: 1823: 1758:Vienne (1311–12) 1728:Lateran I (1123) 1650: 1620: 1613: 1612: 1603: 1596: 1589: 1502:John of Damascus 1477:Gregory of Nyssa 1305:Paschal greeting 1270:Memorial service 1080:Hypostatic union 957:Byzantine Empire 742:Old Calendarists 363:Episcopal polity 306:Christian Church 196: 173: 172: 108:Convoked by 85:Previous council 50:Accepted by 31: 19: 18: 6280: 6279: 6275: 6274: 6273: 6271: 6270: 6269: 6225: 6224: 6223: 6218: 6168: 6155:Christian right 6057:Oxford Movement 6032:Restorationists 6003: 5918: 5851: 5786: 5737:Presbyterianism 5708: 5688:Book of Concord 5639: 5563: 5561: 5553: 5320: 5210: 5203: 5039: 4938: 4930: 4889:Clement of Rome 4819: 4812: 4716: 4710: 4599: 4581: 4576: 4546: 4541: 4540: 4539: 4534: 4530: 4519: 4511: 4503: 4495: 4487: 4479: 4471: 4455: 4443: 4427: 4416: 4408: 4400: 4392: 4384: 4375: 4369: 4361: 4353: 4345: 4337: 4329: 4320: 4314: 4304: 4293: 4286: 4276: 4275: 4269: 4261: 4253: 4245: 4237: 4229: 4221: 4213: 4205: 4197: 4189: 4181: 4173: 4165: 4157: 4150: 4143:Catholic Church 4142: 4135: 4127: 4119: 4111: 4103: 4095: 4087: 4079: 4066: 4061: 4031: 4026: 4014: 4004: 4002: 3994: 3916:World Youth Day 3894: 3883:World Youth Day 3827:Pacem in terris 3821:Pope John XXIII 3760: 3687: 3678:Edict of Nantes 3636: 3632: 3622: 3588:Teresa of Ávila 3583:Tridentine Mass 3519: 3515: 3506: 3487:Knights Templar 3441: 3343: 3299:Gregorian chant 3257: 3183: 3180: 3177: 3175: 3164: 3152: 3079: 2948: 2936: 2928: 2795: 2793:Catholic Church 2786: 2749: 2739: 2709: 2690: 2657: 2652: 2639: 2638: 2634: 2622:Hubert Kaufhold 2619: 2615: 2610: 2606: 2597: 2595: 2590: 2589: 2585: 2580: 2576: 2567: 2563: 2547: 2543: 2538: 2534: 2520: 2516: 2507: 2505: 2500: 2499: 2495: 2490: 2486: 2481: 2477: 2471:Chronica Maiora 2465: 2461: 2456: 2452: 2447: 2443: 2438: 2434: 2421: 2417: 2401: 2397: 2388: 2386: 2378: 2377: 2373: 2367:Meyendorff 1989 2365: 2361: 2353: 2351: 2349: 2328: 2317: 2289: 2287: 2276: 2261: 2257: 2243: 2241: 2236: 2235: 2228: 2224: 2175: 2138: 2043: 2037: 1958: 1918:Western bishops 1914:Eastern bishops 1896:Anglo-Catholics 1876:Catholic Church 1856: 1818: 1789:Trent (1545–63) 1707:Nicaea II (787) 1681:Chalcedon (451) 1653: 1640:Catholic Church 1637: 1607: 1578: 1577: 1576: 1541: 1533: 1532: 1531: 1527:Gregory Palamas 1482:John Chrysostom 1446: 1438: 1437: 1436: 1406: 1386:12 Great Feasts 1376: 1366: 1365: 1364: 1260:Liturgical fans 1202:Divine Services 1192: 1182: 1181: 1163: 1028: 1018: 1017: 1016: 941: 931: 930: 929: 895: 876: 828: 818: 817: 809: 758: 737:Catacomb Church 716: 708: 707: 706: 677:Italy and Malta 636: 628: 627: 626: 604: 595:Bessarabia (RP) 559: 548: 547: 546: 544: 542: 519: 503: 499:North Macedonia 422: 411: 410: 409: 337: 327: 326: 325: 294: 291: 276: 268: 206: 153: 143: 98: 86: 79: 57:Catholic Church 37: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6278: 6268: 6267: 6262: 6257: 6252: 6247: 6242: 6237: 6220: 6219: 6217: 6216: 6211: 6206: 6201: 6196: 6191: 6190: 6189: 6184: 6173: 6170: 6169: 6167: 6166: 6161: 6152: 6142: 6137: 6132: 6127: 6122: 6120:Pentecostalism 6117: 6115:Jesus movement 6112: 6104: 6099: 6094: 6089: 6084: 6079: 6074: 6069: 6064: 6059: 6054: 6049: 6044: 6039: 6034: 6029: 6024: 6019: 6013: 6011: 6005: 6004: 6002: 6001: 5992: 5991: 5990: 5980: 5975: 5970: 5965: 5960: 5955: 5954: 5953: 5943: 5938: 5932: 5930: 5924: 5923: 5920: 5919: 5917: 5916: 5909: 5906:Martyrs Mirror 5902: 5897: 5892: 5890:Martyrs' Synod 5887: 5882: 5880:Swiss Brethren 5877: 5872: 5867: 5861: 5859: 5853: 5852: 5850: 5849: 5844: 5837: 5832: 5827: 5822: 5817: 5812: 5807: 5802: 5796: 5794: 5788: 5787: 5785: 5784: 5779: 5774: 5769: 5764: 5759: 5754: 5749: 5744: 5739: 5734: 5729: 5724: 5718: 5716: 5710: 5709: 5707: 5706: 5701: 5696: 5691: 5684: 5679: 5678: 5677: 5672: 5667: 5662: 5649: 5647: 5638: 5637: 5632: 5627: 5625:Law and Gospel 5622: 5617: 5612: 5607: 5602: 5601: 5600: 5590: 5585: 5580: 5575: 5569: 5567: 5555: 5554: 5552: 5551: 5550: 5549: 5539: 5534: 5529: 5524: 5519: 5514: 5513: 5512: 5502: 5497: 5492: 5487: 5482: 5477: 5472: 5467: 5462: 5457: 5452: 5447: 5442: 5437: 5432: 5427: 5422: 5417: 5416: 5415: 5410: 5405: 5400: 5395: 5390: 5380: 5379: 5378: 5377: 5376: 5366: 5361: 5356: 5346: 5341: 5336: 5330: 5328: 5322: 5321: 5319: 5318: 5313: 5308: 5306:Ottoman Empire 5303: 5298: 5293: 5288: 5283: 5278: 5273: 5268: 5263: 5258: 5257: 5256: 5251: 5241: 5236: 5231: 5226: 5221: 5215: 5213: 5205: 5204: 5202: 5201: 5196: 5195: 5194: 5180: 5175: 5170: 5165: 5160: 5155: 5150: 5145: 5136: 5131: 5126: 5121: 5120: 5119: 5118: 5117: 5107: 5102: 5097: 5087: 5082: 5077: 5072: 5067: 5066: 5065: 5060: 5049: 5047: 5041: 5040: 5038: 5037: 5035:Biblical canon 5032: 5031: 5030: 5016: 5011: 5006: 5001: 4996: 4991: 4990: 4989: 4984: 4974: 4969: 4964: 4959: 4958: 4957: 4946: 4944: 4936:Late antiquity 4932: 4931: 4929: 4928: 4923: 4922: 4921: 4916: 4911: 4906: 4901: 4896: 4891: 4884:Church Fathers 4877: 4872: 4867: 4866: 4865: 4860: 4855: 4850: 4845: 4840: 4835: 4824: 4822: 4814: 4813: 4811: 4810: 4809: 4808: 4803: 4798: 4793: 4788: 4778: 4773: 4768: 4763: 4758: 4757: 4756: 4751: 4746: 4741: 4736: 4726: 4720: 4718: 4712: 4711: 4709: 4708: 4703: 4698: 4693: 4688: 4683: 4678: 4673: 4668: 4663: 4658: 4653: 4648: 4643: 4638: 4633: 4628: 4623: 4618: 4613: 4607: 4605: 4601: 4600: 4598: 4597: 4592: 4586: 4583: 4582: 4575: 4574: 4567: 4560: 4552: 4543: 4542: 4538: 4537: 4527: 4526: 4524: 4521: 4520: 4518: 4517: 4509: 4501: 4493: 4485: 4481:Synod of Jassy 4477: 4469: 4453: 4441: 4424: 4422: 4418: 4417: 4415: 4414: 4406: 4398: 4390: 4381: 4379: 4371: 4370: 4368: 4367: 4359: 4351: 4343: 4335: 4326: 4324: 4316: 4315: 4313: 4312: 4302: 4291: 4283: 4281: 4271: 4270: 4268: 4267: 4259: 4251: 4243: 4235: 4231:Basel-Florence 4227: 4219: 4211: 4203: 4195: 4187: 4179: 4171: 4163: 4155: 4147: 4145: 4137: 4136: 4134: 4133: 4125: 4117: 4109: 4101: 4093: 4085: 4076: 4074: 4068: 4067: 4060: 4059: 4052: 4045: 4037: 4028: 4027: 4025: 4024: 4012: 3999: 3996: 3995: 3993: 3992: 3987: 3982: 3975: 3970: 3965: 3964: 3963: 3958: 3953: 3948: 3943: 3938: 3933: 3928: 3923: 3913: 3908: 3902: 3900: 3896: 3895: 3893: 3892: 3891: 3890: 3880: 3875: 3870: 3865: 3860: 3855: 3845: 3840: 3835: 3830: 3823: 3818: 3811: 3806: 3804:Lateran Treaty 3801: 3796: 3791: 3786: 3781: 3776: 3770: 3768: 3762: 3761: 3759: 3758: 3751: 3746: 3741: 3736: 3731: 3726: 3721: 3716: 3711: 3706: 3701: 3695: 3693: 3689: 3688: 3686: 3685: 3680: 3675: 3670: 3665: 3660: 3655: 3650: 3645: 3639: 3637: 3629:Baroque period 3627: 3624: 3623: 3621: 3620: 3615: 3610: 3605: 3600: 3598:Peter Canisius 3595: 3590: 3585: 3580: 3575: 3573:Francis Xavier 3570: 3565: 3560: 3555: 3550: 3545: 3540: 3537:Exsurge Domine 3533: 3528: 3522: 3520: 3511: 3508: 3507: 3505: 3504: 3499: 3494: 3489: 3484: 3479: 3477:Pope Clement V 3474: 3473: 3472: 3470:Avignon Papacy 3465:Western Schism 3462: 3457: 3455:Thomas Aquinas 3451: 3449: 3443: 3442: 3440: 3439: 3434: 3429: 3424: 3419: 3414: 3409: 3404: 3399: 3394: 3389: 3384: 3379: 3374: 3369: 3364: 3359: 3353: 3351: 3345: 3344: 3342: 3341: 3336: 3331: 3326: 3321: 3316: 3311: 3309:Saint Boniface 3306: 3301: 3296: 3294:Pope Gregory I 3291: 3286: 3281: 3275: 3273: 3267: 3266: 3263: 3262: 3259: 3258: 3256: 3255: 3250: 3245: 3240: 3235: 3233:Biblical canon 3230: 3225: 3220: 3215: 3210: 3205: 3200: 3199: 3198: 3187: 3185: 3166: 3162:Late antiquity 3154: 3153: 3151: 3150: 3145: 3140: 3135: 3130: 3129: 3128: 3123: 3122: 3121: 3116: 3111: 3109:Pope Clement I 3099:Church Fathers 3096: 3090: 3088: 3081: 3080: 3078: 3077: 3076: 3075: 3070: 3065: 3060: 3055: 3050: 3040: 3035: 3030: 3025: 3024: 3023: 3018: 3013: 3008: 2998: 2993: 2988: 2983: 2982: 2981: 2976: 2971: 2966: 2955: 2953: 2938: 2930: 2929: 2927: 2926: 2921: 2916: 2911: 2906: 2905: 2904: 2899: 2889: 2884: 2879: 2874: 2869: 2868: 2867: 2862: 2860:Biblical canon 2855:Catholic Bible 2852: 2851: 2850: 2840: 2839: 2838: 2828: 2823: 2818: 2817: 2816: 2805: 2803: 2797: 2796: 2785: 2784: 2777: 2770: 2762: 2756: 2755: 2748: 2747:External links 2745: 2744: 2743: 2738:978-1293802021 2737: 2713: 2708:978-1846311789 2707: 2694: 2688: 2670: 2662:Herrin, Judith 2656: 2653: 2651: 2650: 2647:on 2021-04-19. 2632: 2613: 2604: 2583: 2574: 2561: 2541: 2532: 2514: 2493: 2484: 2475: 2459: 2450: 2441: 2432: 2415: 2395: 2371: 2359: 2348:978-0814656167 2347: 2315: 2274: 2255: 2253: 2252: 2225: 2223: 2220: 2174: 2171: 2137: 2134: 2036: 2033: 1963:Ibas of Edessa 1936:Three Chapters 1916:—only sixteen 1858: 1857: 1855: 1854: 1847: 1840: 1832: 1829: 1828: 1815: 1814: 1813: 1812: 1807: 1799: 1798: 1794: 1793: 1792: 1791: 1786: 1781: 1776: 1768: 1767: 1763: 1762: 1761: 1760: 1755: 1753:Lyon II (1274) 1750: 1745: 1740: 1735: 1730: 1722: 1721: 1717: 1716: 1715: 1714: 1709: 1704: 1699: 1691: 1690: 1686: 1685: 1684: 1683: 1678: 1673: 1668: 1666:Nicaea I (325) 1660: 1659: 1655: 1654: 1651: 1643: 1642: 1631: 1630: 1622: 1621: 1609: 1608: 1606: 1605: 1598: 1591: 1583: 1580: 1579: 1575: 1574: 1569: 1564: 1559: 1554: 1549: 1543: 1542: 1539: 1538: 1535: 1534: 1530: 1529: 1524: 1519: 1514: 1509: 1504: 1499: 1494: 1489: 1484: 1479: 1474: 1469: 1464: 1459: 1454: 1448: 1447: 1444: 1443: 1440: 1439: 1435: 1434: 1428: 1426:Apostles' Fast 1423: 1418: 1412: 1411: 1410: 1405: 1404: 1399: 1393: 1392: 1391: 1388: 1383: 1377: 1372: 1371: 1368: 1367: 1363: 1362: 1360:Use of incense 1357: 1352: 1347: 1342: 1337: 1332: 1327: 1322: 1317: 1312: 1310:Paschal Homily 1307: 1302: 1297: 1292: 1287: 1282: 1277: 1275:Memory Eternal 1272: 1267: 1262: 1257: 1252: 1247: 1242: 1237: 1232: 1227: 1222: 1217: 1212: 1206: 1205: 1204: 1199: 1197:Divine Liturgy 1193: 1188: 1187: 1184: 1183: 1180: 1179: 1174: 1169: 1162: 1161: 1154: 1147: 1142: 1137: 1130: 1125: 1120: 1107: 1102: 1097: 1092: 1087: 1082: 1077: 1072: 1067: 1062: 1057: 1052: 1046: 1045: 1044: 1043: 1042: 1029: 1024: 1023: 1020: 1019: 1015: 1014: 1013: 1012: 1007: 1002: 994: 989: 987:Ottoman Empire 984: 979: 974: 969: 964: 959: 954: 949: 947:Church Fathers 943: 942: 937: 936: 933: 932: 928: 927: 922: 917: 912: 907: 901: 900: 899: 894: 893: 888: 882: 881: 880: 875: 874: 869: 864: 859: 854: 849: 844: 838: 837: 836: 829: 824: 823: 820: 819: 816: 815: 808: 807: 806: 805: 800: 795: 790: 785: 780: 775: 767: 766: 765: 757: 756: 751: 746: 745: 744: 739: 732:True Orthodoxy 729: 724: 718: 717: 714: 713: 710: 709: 705: 704: 699: 694: 689: 684: 679: 674: 669: 664: 659: 654: 649: 644: 638: 637: 634: 633: 630: 629: 625: 624: 619: 614: 608: 603: 602: 597: 592: 587: 582: 577: 572: 567: 561: 560: 554: 553: 550: 549: 541: 540: 534: 530: 529: 523: 518: 517: 511: 502: 501: 496: 491: 486: 481: 476: 471: 466: 461: 456: 451: 446: 441: 436: 431: 429:Constantinople 425: 423: 417: 416: 413: 412: 408: 407: 402: 401: 400: 390: 385: 380: 375: 370: 365: 360: 355: 350: 345: 339: 338: 333: 332: 329: 328: 324: 323: 318: 313: 308: 303: 297: 296: 295: 280: 277: 274: 273: 270: 269: 267: 266: 261: 254: 247: 245:Holy Mysteries 242: 240:Church history 237: 232: 222: 216: 213: 212: 208: 207: 197: 189: 188: 182: 181: 169: 168: 162: 161: 154: 151: 148: 147: 138: 134: 133: 130: 126: 125: 120: 116: 115: 109: 105: 104: 99: 96: 93: 92: 87: 84: 81: 80: 78: 77: 74: 69: 64: 59: 53: 51: 47: 46: 43: 39: 38: 35:Vasily Surikov 32: 24: 23: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6277: 6266: 6263: 6261: 6258: 6256: 6253: 6251: 6248: 6246: 6243: 6241: 6238: 6236: 6233: 6232: 6230: 6215: 6212: 6210: 6209:Protestantism 6207: 6205: 6202: 6200: 6197: 6195: 6192: 6188: 6185: 6183: 6180: 6179: 6178: 6175: 6174: 6171: 6165: 6162: 6160: 6156: 6153: 6150: 6146: 6143: 6141: 6138: 6136: 6133: 6131: 6128: 6126: 6123: 6121: 6118: 6116: 6113: 6111: 6110: 6105: 6103: 6100: 6098: 6095: 6093: 6090: 6088: 6085: 6083: 6082:Azusa Revival 6080: 6078: 6075: 6073: 6070: 6068: 6065: 6063: 6062:Laestadianism 6060: 6058: 6055: 6053: 6050: 6048: 6045: 6043: 6040: 6038: 6035: 6033: 6030: 6028: 6025: 6023: 6020: 6018: 6015: 6014: 6012: 6010: 6006: 6000: 5999:Old Lutherans 5996: 5993: 5989: 5986: 5985: 5984: 5981: 5979: 5976: 5974: 5971: 5969: 5966: 5964: 5961: 5959: 5956: 5952: 5949: 5948: 5947: 5944: 5942: 5939: 5937: 5934: 5933: 5931: 5929: 5925: 5915: 5914: 5910: 5908: 5907: 5903: 5901: 5898: 5896: 5893: 5891: 5888: 5886: 5883: 5881: 5878: 5876: 5873: 5871: 5868: 5866: 5863: 5862: 5860: 5858: 5854: 5848: 5845: 5843: 5842: 5838: 5836: 5833: 5831: 5828: 5826: 5823: 5821: 5818: 5816: 5813: 5811: 5808: 5806: 5803: 5801: 5798: 5797: 5795: 5793: 5789: 5783: 5780: 5778: 5775: 5773: 5770: 5768: 5765: 5763: 5760: 5758: 5755: 5753: 5750: 5748: 5745: 5743: 5740: 5738: 5735: 5733: 5730: 5728: 5725: 5723: 5720: 5719: 5717: 5715: 5711: 5705: 5702: 5700: 5697: 5695: 5692: 5690: 5689: 5685: 5683: 5680: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5665:Diet of Worms 5663: 5661: 5660: 5656: 5655: 5654: 5651: 5650: 5648: 5646: 5642: 5636: 5633: 5631: 5628: 5626: 5623: 5621: 5618: 5616: 5613: 5611: 5608: 5606: 5603: 5599: 5596: 5595: 5594: 5591: 5589: 5586: 5584: 5581: 5579: 5576: 5574: 5571: 5570: 5568: 5566: 5565:Protestantism 5560: 5556: 5548: 5545: 5544: 5543: 5540: 5538: 5535: 5533: 5530: 5528: 5525: 5523: 5520: 5518: 5515: 5511: 5508: 5507: 5506: 5503: 5501: 5498: 5496: 5493: 5491: 5488: 5486: 5483: 5481: 5478: 5476: 5473: 5471: 5468: 5466: 5463: 5461: 5458: 5456: 5453: 5451: 5448: 5446: 5443: 5441: 5438: 5436: 5433: 5431: 5428: 5426: 5423: 5421: 5418: 5414: 5411: 5409: 5406: 5404: 5401: 5399: 5396: 5394: 5391: 5389: 5386: 5385: 5384: 5381: 5375: 5372: 5371: 5370: 5367: 5365: 5362: 5360: 5357: 5355: 5352: 5351: 5350: 5347: 5345: 5342: 5340: 5337: 5335: 5332: 5331: 5329: 5327: 5323: 5317: 5316:North America 5314: 5312: 5309: 5307: 5304: 5302: 5299: 5297: 5294: 5292: 5289: 5287: 5284: 5282: 5279: 5277: 5274: 5272: 5269: 5267: 5264: 5262: 5259: 5255: 5252: 5250: 5247: 5246: 5245: 5242: 5240: 5237: 5235: 5232: 5230: 5227: 5225: 5222: 5220: 5217: 5216: 5214: 5212: 5206: 5200: 5197: 5193: 5190: 5189: 5188: 5184: 5181: 5179: 5176: 5174: 5171: 5169: 5166: 5164: 5161: 5159: 5156: 5154: 5151: 5149: 5146: 5144: 5140: 5137: 5135: 5132: 5130: 5127: 5125: 5122: 5116: 5113: 5112: 5111: 5108: 5106: 5103: 5101: 5098: 5096: 5093: 5092: 5091: 5088: 5086: 5083: 5081: 5078: 5076: 5073: 5071: 5068: 5064: 5061: 5059: 5056: 5055: 5054: 5051: 5050: 5048: 5046: 5042: 5036: 5033: 5029: 5025: 5022: 5021: 5020: 5017: 5015: 5012: 5010: 5007: 5005: 5002: 5000: 4997: 4995: 4992: 4988: 4985: 4983: 4980: 4979: 4978: 4975: 4973: 4970: 4968: 4965: 4963: 4960: 4956: 4953: 4952: 4951: 4948: 4947: 4945: 4942: 4937: 4933: 4927: 4926:Early African 4924: 4920: 4917: 4915: 4912: 4910: 4909:Justin Martyr 4907: 4905: 4902: 4900: 4897: 4895: 4892: 4890: 4887: 4886: 4885: 4881: 4878: 4876: 4873: 4871: 4868: 4864: 4861: 4859: 4856: 4854: 4851: 4849: 4846: 4844: 4841: 4839: 4836: 4834: 4831: 4830: 4829: 4826: 4825: 4823: 4821: 4815: 4807: 4804: 4802: 4799: 4797: 4794: 4792: 4789: 4787: 4784: 4783: 4782: 4779: 4777: 4774: 4772: 4769: 4767: 4764: 4762: 4759: 4755: 4752: 4750: 4747: 4745: 4742: 4740: 4737: 4735: 4732: 4731: 4730: 4729:Life of Jesus 4727: 4725: 4722: 4721: 4719: 4717:Apostolic Age 4713: 4707: 4704: 4702: 4699: 4697: 4694: 4692: 4689: 4687: 4684: 4682: 4679: 4677: 4674: 4672: 4669: 4667: 4664: 4662: 4659: 4657: 4654: 4652: 4649: 4647: 4644: 4642: 4639: 4637: 4634: 4632: 4629: 4627: 4624: 4622: 4619: 4617: 4614: 4612: 4609: 4608: 4606: 4602: 4596: 4593: 4591: 4588: 4587: 4584: 4580: 4573: 4568: 4566: 4561: 4559: 4554: 4553: 4550: 4532: 4528: 4522: 4514: 4510: 4506: 4502: 4498: 4494: 4490: 4486: 4482: 4478: 4474: 4470: 4466: 4462: 4458: 4454: 4450: 4446: 4442: 4438: 4434: 4430: 4426: 4425: 4423: 4419: 4411: 4407: 4403: 4399: 4395: 4391: 4387: 4383: 4382: 4380: 4378: 4372: 4364: 4360: 4356: 4352: 4348: 4344: 4340: 4336: 4332: 4328: 4327: 4325: 4323: 4317: 4309: 4308: 4303: 4299: 4297: 4292: 4289: 4285: 4284: 4282: 4279: 4272: 4264: 4260: 4256: 4252: 4248: 4244: 4240: 4236: 4232: 4228: 4224: 4220: 4216: 4212: 4208: 4204: 4200: 4196: 4192: 4188: 4184: 4180: 4176: 4172: 4168: 4164: 4160: 4156: 4153: 4149: 4148: 4146: 4144: 4138: 4130: 4126: 4122: 4118: 4114: 4110: 4106: 4102: 4098: 4094: 4090: 4086: 4082: 4078: 4077: 4075: 4073: 4069: 4065: 4058: 4053: 4051: 4046: 4044: 4039: 4038: 4035: 4023: 4018: 4013: 4011: 4001: 4000: 3997: 3991: 3988: 3986: 3983: 3981: 3980: 3976: 3974: 3971: 3969: 3966: 3962: 3959: 3957: 3954: 3952: 3949: 3947: 3944: 3942: 3939: 3937: 3934: 3932: 3929: 3927: 3924: 3922: 3919: 3918: 3917: 3914: 3912: 3909: 3907: 3904: 3903: 3901: 3897: 3889: 3886: 3885: 3884: 3881: 3879: 3876: 3874: 3871: 3869: 3866: 3864: 3863:Mother Teresa 3861: 3859: 3856: 3853: 3849: 3846: 3844: 3841: 3839: 3836: 3834: 3831: 3829: 3828: 3824: 3822: 3819: 3817: 3816: 3812: 3810: 3807: 3805: 3802: 3800: 3797: 3795: 3792: 3790: 3789:Pope Pius XII 3787: 3785: 3782: 3780: 3777: 3775: 3772: 3771: 3769: 3767: 3763: 3757: 3756: 3755:Rerum novarum 3752: 3750: 3747: 3745: 3742: 3740: 3739:Pope Leo XIII 3737: 3735: 3732: 3730: 3727: 3725: 3722: 3720: 3717: 3715: 3712: 3710: 3709:United States 3707: 3705: 3702: 3700: 3699:Pope Pius VII 3697: 3696: 3694: 3690: 3684: 3681: 3679: 3676: 3674: 3671: 3669: 3666: 3664: 3661: 3659: 3656: 3654: 3651: 3649: 3646: 3644: 3641: 3640: 3638: 3635: 3630: 3625: 3619: 3616: 3614: 3611: 3609: 3606: 3604: 3601: 3599: 3596: 3594: 3591: 3589: 3586: 3584: 3581: 3579: 3576: 3574: 3571: 3569: 3566: 3564: 3561: 3559: 3556: 3554: 3551: 3549: 3546: 3544: 3541: 3539: 3538: 3534: 3532: 3529: 3527: 3524: 3523: 3521: 3518: 3514: 3509: 3503: 3500: 3498: 3495: 3493: 3490: 3488: 3485: 3483: 3480: 3478: 3475: 3471: 3468: 3467: 3466: 3463: 3461: 3458: 3456: 3453: 3452: 3450: 3448: 3444: 3438: 3435: 3433: 3430: 3428: 3425: 3423: 3420: 3418: 3415: 3413: 3410: 3408: 3405: 3403: 3400: 3398: 3395: 3393: 3390: 3388: 3385: 3383: 3382:Scholasticism 3380: 3378: 3375: 3373: 3370: 3368: 3365: 3363: 3360: 3358: 3357:Pope Urban II 3355: 3354: 3352: 3350: 3346: 3340: 3337: 3335: 3332: 3330: 3327: 3325: 3322: 3320: 3317: 3315: 3312: 3310: 3307: 3305: 3302: 3300: 3297: 3295: 3292: 3290: 3287: 3285: 3282: 3280: 3277: 3276: 3274: 3272: 3268: 3254: 3251: 3249: 3246: 3244: 3241: 3239: 3236: 3234: 3231: 3229: 3226: 3224: 3221: 3219: 3216: 3214: 3211: 3209: 3206: 3204: 3201: 3197: 3194: 3193: 3192: 3189: 3188: 3186: 3182: 3174: 3170: 3167: 3163: 3159: 3149: 3146: 3144: 3141: 3139: 3136: 3134: 3133:Justin Martyr 3131: 3127: 3124: 3120: 3117: 3115: 3112: 3110: 3107: 3106: 3105: 3102: 3101: 3100: 3097: 3095: 3092: 3091: 3089: 3086: 3082: 3074: 3071: 3069: 3066: 3064: 3061: 3059: 3056: 3054: 3051: 3049: 3046: 3045: 3044: 3043:New Testament 3041: 3039: 3036: 3034: 3031: 3029: 3026: 3022: 3019: 3017: 3014: 3012: 3009: 3007: 3006:Commissioning 3004: 3003: 3002: 2999: 2997: 2994: 2992: 2989: 2987: 2984: 2980: 2977: 2975: 2972: 2970: 2967: 2965: 2962: 2961: 2960: 2957: 2956: 2954: 2951: 2950:Apostolic Age 2946: 2942: 2939: 2935: 2931: 2925: 2922: 2920: 2917: 2915: 2912: 2910: 2907: 2903: 2900: 2898: 2895: 2894: 2893: 2890: 2888: 2885: 2883: 2880: 2878: 2875: 2873: 2870: 2866: 2863: 2861: 2858: 2857: 2856: 2853: 2849: 2846: 2845: 2844: 2841: 2837: 2836:Papal primacy 2834: 2833: 2832: 2829: 2827: 2824: 2822: 2819: 2815: 2812: 2811: 2810: 2807: 2806: 2804: 2802: 2798: 2794: 2790: 2783: 2778: 2776: 2771: 2769: 2764: 2763: 2760: 2754: 2751: 2750: 2740: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2722: 2718: 2714: 2710: 2704: 2700: 2695: 2691: 2685: 2681: 2680: 2675: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2658: 2646: 2642: 2636: 2627: 2623: 2617: 2608: 2593: 2587: 2578: 2571: 2565: 2557: 2555: 2551: 2545: 2539:Price (2009) 2536: 2529: 2525: 2518: 2503: 2497: 2488: 2479: 2472: 2468: 2463: 2454: 2445: 2436: 2429: 2425: 2419: 2412: 2408: 2404: 2399: 2385: 2381: 2375: 2368: 2363: 2350: 2344: 2340: 2336: 2332: 2326: 2324: 2322: 2320: 2311: 2310: 2305: 2301: 2296: 2295:public domain 2285: 2283: 2281: 2279: 2271: 2268: 2264: 2259: 2250: 2249: 2239: 2233: 2231: 2226: 2219: 2217: 2213: 2209: 2205: 2204:monotheletism 2201: 2197: 2193: 2189: 2185: 2180: 2170: 2168: 2164: 2159: 2157: 2156: 2151: 2146: 2144: 2143:Monothelitism 2133: 2131: 2127: 2123: 2117: 2115: 2111: 2107: 2106: 2101: 2097: 2093: 2089: 2085: 2080: 2078: 2075: 2071: 2066: 2063: 2058: 2056: 2055:Pope Vigilius 2052: 2048: 2042: 2032: 2030: 2026: 2021: 2018: 2017: 2010: 2009:anthropotokos 2004: 1999: 1995: 1994:Mother of God 1991: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1966: 1964: 1953: 1950:, written by 1949: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1933: 1930: 1925: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1911: 1908: 1904: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1885: 1881: 1880:Old Catholics 1877: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1853: 1848: 1846: 1841: 1839: 1834: 1833: 1831: 1830: 1827: 1822: 1817: 1816: 1811: 1808: 1806: 1803: 1802: 1801: 1800: 1796: 1795: 1790: 1787: 1785: 1782: 1780: 1777: 1775: 1772: 1771: 1770: 1769: 1765: 1764: 1759: 1756: 1754: 1751: 1749: 1748:Lyon I (1245) 1746: 1744: 1741: 1739: 1736: 1734: 1731: 1729: 1726: 1725: 1724: 1723: 1719: 1718: 1713: 1710: 1708: 1705: 1703: 1700: 1698: 1695: 1694: 1693: 1692: 1688: 1687: 1682: 1679: 1677: 1676:Ephesus (431) 1674: 1672: 1669: 1667: 1664: 1663: 1662: 1661: 1657: 1656: 1649: 1645: 1644: 1641: 1636: 1633: 1632: 1628: 1624: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1614: 1604: 1599: 1597: 1592: 1590: 1585: 1584: 1582: 1581: 1573: 1570: 1568: 1565: 1563: 1560: 1558: 1555: 1553: 1550: 1548: 1545: 1544: 1537: 1536: 1528: 1525: 1523: 1520: 1518: 1515: 1513: 1510: 1508: 1505: 1503: 1500: 1498: 1495: 1493: 1492:John Climacus 1490: 1488: 1485: 1483: 1480: 1478: 1475: 1473: 1470: 1468: 1465: 1463: 1460: 1458: 1455: 1453: 1450: 1449: 1445:Major figures 1442: 1441: 1432: 1429: 1427: 1424: 1422: 1419: 1417: 1416:Nativity Fast 1414: 1413: 1408: 1407: 1403: 1400: 1398: 1395: 1394: 1390:Other feasts: 1389: 1387: 1384: 1382: 1381:Paschal cycle 1379: 1378: 1375: 1370: 1369: 1361: 1358: 1356: 1353: 1351: 1348: 1346: 1343: 1341: 1338: 1336: 1333: 1331: 1328: 1326: 1323: 1321: 1318: 1316: 1313: 1311: 1308: 1306: 1303: 1301: 1298: 1296: 1293: 1291: 1288: 1286: 1283: 1281: 1278: 1276: 1273: 1271: 1268: 1266: 1263: 1261: 1258: 1256: 1253: 1251: 1248: 1246: 1243: 1241: 1238: 1236: 1233: 1231: 1228: 1226: 1223: 1221: 1218: 1216: 1213: 1211: 1208: 1207: 1203: 1200: 1198: 1195: 1194: 1191: 1186: 1185: 1178: 1175: 1173: 1170: 1168: 1165: 1164: 1160: 1159: 1155: 1153: 1152: 1148: 1146: 1143: 1141: 1138: 1136: 1135: 1131: 1129: 1126: 1124: 1121: 1119: 1118: 1113: 1112: 1108: 1106: 1103: 1101: 1098: 1096: 1093: 1091: 1088: 1086: 1083: 1081: 1078: 1076: 1073: 1071: 1068: 1066: 1063: 1061: 1058: 1056: 1053: 1051: 1048: 1047: 1040: 1036: 1035: 1034: 1031: 1030: 1027: 1022: 1021: 1011: 1008: 1006: 1003: 1001: 998: 997: 995: 993: 992:North America 990: 988: 985: 983: 980: 978: 975: 973: 970: 968: 965: 963: 960: 958: 955: 953: 950: 948: 945: 944: 940: 935: 934: 926: 923: 921: 918: 916: 913: 911: 908: 906: 903: 902: 897: 896: 892: 889: 887: 884: 883: 878: 877: 873: 870: 868: 865: 863: 860: 858: 855: 853: 850: 848: 845: 843: 840: 839: 834: 831: 830: 827: 822: 821: 814: 811: 810: 804: 801: 799: 796: 794: 791: 789: 786: 784: 781: 779: 776: 774: 771: 770: 769: 768: 763: 760: 759: 755: 752: 750: 747: 743: 740: 738: 735: 734: 733: 730: 728: 725: 723: 722:Old Believers 720: 719: 712: 711: 703: 700: 698: 695: 693: 690: 688: 685: 683: 682:Latin America 680: 678: 675: 673: 670: 668: 665: 663: 660: 658: 655: 653: 650: 648: 645: 643: 640: 639: 632: 631: 623: 620: 618: 615: 613: 610: 609: 607: 601: 598: 596: 593: 591: 590:Americas (RP) 588: 586: 583: 581: 578: 576: 573: 571: 568: 566: 563: 562: 558:jurisdictions 557: 552: 551: 545: 539: 538:Ukraine (UOC) 536: 535: 533: 528: 527:Ukraine (OCU) 525: 524: 522: 516: 513: 512: 510: 508: 500: 497: 495: 492: 490: 487: 485: 482: 480: 477: 475: 472: 470: 467: 465: 462: 460: 457: 455: 452: 450: 447: 445: 442: 440: 437: 435: 432: 430: 427: 426: 421:jurisdictions 420: 419:Autocephalous 415: 414: 406: 403: 399: 396: 395: 394: 391: 389: 386: 384: 381: 379: 376: 374: 371: 369: 366: 364: 361: 359: 356: 354: 351: 349: 346: 344: 341: 340: 336: 331: 330: 322: 319: 317: 314: 312: 309: 307: 304: 302: 299: 298: 293: 287: 283: 279: 278: 272: 271: 265: 264:View of icons 262: 260: 259: 255: 253: 252: 248: 246: 243: 241: 238: 236: 233: 230: 226: 223: 221: 218: 217: 215: 214: 210: 209: 205: 201: 195: 191: 190: 187: 184: 183: 179: 175: 174: 167: 163: 159: 156:14 canons on 155: 149: 146: 142: 139: 135: 131: 127: 124: 121: 117: 114: 110: 106: 103: 100: 94: 91: 88: 82: 75: 73: 70: 68: 65: 63: 60: 58: 55: 54: 52: 48: 44: 40: 36: 30: 25: 20: 6125:Charismatics 6108: 6087:Gospel music 6017:Camp meeting 6009:1789–present 5941:Missionaries 5911: 5904: 5895:Menno Simons 5839: 5835:Church music 5686: 5657: 5542:Conciliarism 5527:Papal Schism 5369:Scandinavian 5261:Great Schism 5239:Nestorianism 5211:Christianity 5143:priest holes 5024:Chalcedonian 4987:Christianity 4941:Great Church 4749:Resurrection 4531: 4445:Great Church 4310:(1341–1351)* 4305: 4295: 4112: 3977: 3973:Pope Francis 3899:21st century 3848:Pope Paul VI 3825: 3813: 3766:20th century 3753: 3704:Pope Pius IX 3692:19th century 3668:Pope Pius VI 3535: 3407:Latin Empire 3377:Universities 3329:Pope Leo III 3288: 3196:Christianity 3181:state church 3173:Great Church 2974:Resurrection 2937:(30–325/476) 2934:Early Church 2919:Latin Church 2914:Papal States 2909:Vatican City 2720: 2698: 2678: 2665: 2655:Bibliography 2645:the original 2635: 2625: 2616: 2607: 2596:. 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" 2263:See, e.g. 2173:Aftermath 2163:Anathemas 2100:Chronicle 2098:, in his 2047:Eutychius 2003:Theotokos 1982:Nestorius 1932:Justinian 1922:Illyricum 1907:Patriarch 1894:and most 1892:Lutherans 1431:Dormition 1355:Vestments 1350:Troparion 1345:Sticheron 1335:Semantron 1325:Prosphora 1250:Kontakion 1158:Theotokos 1111:Oikonomia 1070:Hesychasm 952:Pentarchy 920:Jerusalem 764:churches: 444:Jerusalem 368:Canon law 321:Orthodoxy 290:Ascension 220:Structure 145:Origenism 119:President 6194:Theology 6182:Missions 6177:Timeline 6149:Mainline 6097:Pacifism 5946:Baptists 5865:Theology 5825:Puritans 5800:Timeline 5742:Scotland 5670:Theology 5517:Wycliffe 5465:Crusades 5440:Bogomils 5393:Bulgaria 5349:Germanic 5301:Ethiopia 5199:Timeline 4977:Nicaea I 4972:Councils 4904:Irenaeus 4899:Ignatius 4894:Polycarp 4848:Donatism 4843:Docetism 4838:Arianism 4739:Ministry 4421:See also 4386:Nicaea I 4331:Nicaea I 4081:Nicaea I 3878:HIV/AIDS 3372:Crusades 3126:Irenaeus 3119:Ignatius 3114:Polycarp 2964:Ministry 2952:(30–100) 2826:Timeline 2676:(1989). 2664:(1989). 2568:Hefele, 2552:(1985), 2428:VIGILIUS 2422:Hefele, 2333:(1983), 2192:heresies 2158:of 641. 2084:Reccared 2074:Aquileia 2062:diptychs 1874:and the 1627:a series 1625:Part of 1512:Kassiani 1210:Akathist 1140:Phronema 1128:Palamism 1117:Akribeia 1026:Theology 773:Abkhazia 762:National 464:Bulgaria 405:Bratstvo 343:Autonomy 292:of Jesus 225:Theology 211:Overview 178:a series 176:Part of 111:Emperor 6187:Martyrs 5983:Pietism 5913:Ausbund 5885:Müntzer 5810:Cranmer 5757:Baptism 5722:Zwingli 5573:Erasmus 5522:Avignon 5505:Aquinas 5495:Francis 5490:Dominic 5450:Cathars 5445:Bosnian 5435:Bernard 5430:Abelard 5403:Moravia 5388:Bohemia 5374:Iceland 5296:Serbian 5276:Georgia 5271:Armenia 5209:Eastern 5110:Jesuits 4786:Gospels 4734:Baptism 4347:Ephesus 4207:Lyon II 4097:Ephesus 3843:Judaism 3243:Vulgate 3053:Gospels 3028:Stephen 2945:Origins 2865:Vulgate 2801:General 2791:of the 2789:History 2297::  2188:schisms 1929:Emperor 1638:of the 1225:Ectenia 1151:Theosis 939:History 872:Seventh 778:Belarus 667:Germany 647:Austria 570:Finland 515:America 507:de jure 489:Albania 469:Georgia 459:Romania 439:Antioch 398:Degrees 388:Deacons 383:Priests 378:Bishops 235:Liturgy 227: ( 5875:Grebel 5727:Calvin 5653:Luther 5547:Synods 5425:Anselm 5408:Poland 5364:Gothic 5359:Franks 5344:Celtic 5311:Russia 5291:Syriac 5281:Greece 5168:Teresa 5115:Xavier 5053:Papacy 4999:Jerome 4919:Origen 4820:period 4595:Spread 4515:(2016) 4507:(1965) 4499:(1872) 4491:(1672) 4483:(1642) 4215:Vienne 4209:(1274) 4201:(1245) 4199:Lyon I 4193:(1215) 4185:(1179) 4177:(1139) 4169:(1123) 3809:Nazism 3631:to the 3238:Jerome 3148:Origen 2831:Papacy 2735:  2705:  2686:  2345:  2240:. CCEL 2150:Syriac 1954:(died 1629:on the 1295:Praxis 1105:Nepsis 982:Russia 915:Moscow 886:Eighth 857:Fourth 847:Second 803:UOC–KP 798:Turkey 788:Latvia 662:France 657:Canada 484:Poland 479:Greece 474:Cyprus 454:Serbia 449:Russia 373:Clergy 180:on the 137:Topics 6109:solae 6107:Five 5900:Smyth 5752:TULIP 5675:Bible 5383:Slavs 5286:Egypt 5244:Icons 5095:Trent 5085:Leo X 4982:Creed 4475:(692) 4447:(180– 4435:/155– 4412:(484) 4404:(410) 4396:(381) 4388:(325) 4365:(475) 4357:(449) 4349:(431) 4341:(381) 4333:(325) 4247:Trent 4131:(787) 4115:(553) 4107:(451) 4099:(431) 4091:(381) 4083:(325) 3911:Islam 3179:Roman 3138:Canon 3011:Peter 2959:Jesus 2403:Mansi 2222:Notes 2092:fifth 2070:Milan 1998:Greek 1220:Artos 1123:Ousia 1085:Icons 910:Jassy 891:Ninth 867:Sixth 862:Fifth 852:Third 842:First 783:Italy 565:Sinai 6159:left 6157:and 6147:and 5997:and 5995:Neo- 5762:Dort 5747:Knox 5593:Wars 5185:and 5141:and 5134:Wars 4791:Acts 4706:21st 4701:20th 4696:19th 4691:18th 4686:17th 4681:16th 4676:15th 4671:14th 4666:13th 4661:12th 4656:11th 4651:10th 3961:2023 3956:2019 3951:2016 3946:2013 3941:2011 3936:2008 3931:2005 3926:2002 3921:2000 3888:1995 3058:Acts 3021:Paul 3016:John 2991:Mary 2733:ISBN 2703:ISBN 2684:ISBN 2343:ISBN 2202:and 2190:and 2136:Acts 2124:and 2112:and 2102:and 2072:and 1990:Mary 1862:The 1552:Folk 1433:Fast 1265:Lity 1010:2018 1005:1996 42:Date 6260:553 5704:Art 5562:and 5537:Hus 5100:Art 4646:9th 4641:8th 4636:7th 4631:6th 4626:5th 4621:4th 4611:1st 4465:451 4461:380 4449:451 4437:314 2947:and 2897:Art 2218:). 2020:). 1145:Sin 1114:vs 132:152 45:553 6231:: 5026:/ 4882:/ 4433:50 2731:. 2727:: 2469:, 2405:, 2382:. 2337:, 2318:^ 2277:^ 2229:^ 2169:. 2057:. 2049:, 2000:: 1956:c. 509:: 202:, 4943:) 4939:( 4571:e 4564:t 4557:v 4467:) 4463:– 4459:( 4451:) 4439:) 4431:( 4300:* 4056:e 4049:t 4042:v 3854:) 3850:( 2781:e 2774:t 2767:v 2741:. 2711:. 2692:. 2630:. 2601:. 2511:. 2392:. 2247:. 1996:( 1851:e 1844:t 1837:v 1602:e 1595:t 1588:v 1041:) 1037:( 835:: 231:)

Index


Vasily Surikov
Catholic Church
Eastern Orthodox Church
Anglican Communion
Old Catholic Church
Council of Chalcedon
Third Council of Constantinople
Justinian I
Eutychius of Constantinople
Nestorianism
Origenism
Christology
Chronological list of ecumenical councils
a series
Eastern Orthodox Church
Christ Pantocrator (Deesis mosaic detail)
Christ Pantocrator
Hagia Sophia
Structure
Theology
History of theology
Liturgy
Church history
Holy Mysteries
View of salvation
View of Mary
View of icons
Crucifixion
Resurrection

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