Alexandria - Knowledge

4367: 1546: 1626: 5520:

other words Egyptians, the subjects whose land has been taken over. The assertion of Greek culture serves to enforce Egyptian subjection. So the presence in Alexandria of two institutions devoted to the preservation and study of Greek culture acts as a powerful symbol of Egyptian exclusion and subjection. Texts from other cultures could be kept in the library, but only once they had been translated, that is to say Hellenized. A reading of Alexandrian poetry might easily give the impression that Egyptians did not exist at all; indeed Egypt itself is hardly mentioned except for the Nile and the Nile flood, This omission of the Egypt and Egyptians from poetry masks a fundamental insecurity. It is no coincidence that one of the few poetic references to Egyptians presents them as muggers.

3937:, Écoles des Soeurs Franciscaines (four different schools), École Girard, École Saint Gabriel, École Saint-Vincent de Paul, École Saint Joseph, École Sainte Catherine, and Institution Sainte Jeanne-Antide. As a reaction to the establishment of French religious institutions, a secular (laic) mission established Lycée el-Horreya, which initially followed a French system of education, but is currently run by the Egyptian government. The only school in Alexandria that completely follows the French educational system is Lycée Français d'Alexandrie (École Champollion). It is usually frequented by the children of French expatriates and diplomats in Alexandria. The Italian school is the Istituto "Don Bosco". 224: 1237: 4296: 2811: 286: 3236: 4049: 10862: 3489: 4009: 194: 238: 3919: 4213: 360: 4107: 10652: 327: 10637: 254: 1580: 11012: 4282: 3138: 10697: 4310: 2696: 3801: 2849: 276: 3543: 177: 10802: 4619: 3182: 3852: 208: 10742: 10892: 3223:

were worshiped there. Archaeologists found an animal necropolis near the temple. Remains of a Christian church show that the temple was used as a church in later centuries. Also found in the same area are remains of public baths built by the emperor Justinian, a seawall, quays and a bridge. Near the beach side of the area, there are the remains of a tower built by Ptolemy II Philadelphus. The tower was an exact scale replica of the destroyed Alexandrine

10877: 10727: 10772: 10682: 3553: 4383: 1487: 10787: 10757: 10712: 10907: 10847: 10832: 4398: 3425: 3288: 3093:, it is 30 m (99 ft) high; the shaft is of polished red granite, 2.7 m (8.9 ft) in diameter at the base, tapering to 2.4 m (7.9 ft) at the top. The shaft is 88 ft (27 m) high and made out of a single piece of granite. Its volume is 132 m (4,662 cu ft) and weight approximately 396 tons. Pompey's Pillar may have been erected using the same methods that were used to erect the ancient 2715: 10922: 10607: 4754: 10938: 10817: 1374: 2845:; the line of the great East–West "Canopic" street is also present in modern-day Alexandria, having only slightly diverged from the line of the modern Boulevard de Rosette (now Sharae Fouad). Traces of its pavement and canal have been found near the Rosetta Gate, but remnants of streets and canals were exposed in 1899 by German excavators outside the east fortifications, which lie well within the area of the ancient city. 10667: 4172: 10622: 10592: 3212: 3059: 367: 334: 1576:, the Ottoman governor of Egypt, began rebuilding and redevelopment around 1810 and, by 1850, Alexandria had returned to something akin to its former glory. Egypt turned to Europe in their effort to modernise the country. Greeks, followed by other Europeans and others, began moving to the city. In the early 20th century, the city became a home for novelists and poets. 1754:, moderating its temperatures, causing variable rainy winters and moderately hot and slightly prolonged summers that, at times, can be very humid; January and February are the coolest months, with daily maximum temperatures typically ranging from 12 to 18 °C (54 to 64 °F) and minimum temperatures that could reach 5 °C (41 2881:

The Ras al-Tin quarter represents all that is left of the island of Pharos, the site of the actual lighthouse having been weathered away by the sea. On the east of the mole was the Great Harbour, now an open bay; on the west lay the port of Eunostos, with its inner basin Kibotos, now vastly enlarged to form the modern harbour.

2896:, filling the northeast angle of the town and occupying the promontory of Lochias, which shut in the Great Harbour on the east. Lochias (the modern Pharillon) has almost entirely disappeared into the sea, together with the palaces, the "Private Port", and the island of Antirrhodus. There has been a land 4060:, which is the main port of the country that handles about 60% of the country's exports and imports, Dekhela Port west of the Western Port, the Eastern Port which is a yachting harbour, and Abu Qir Port at the northern east of the governorate. It is a commercial port for general cargo and phosphates. 2880:

measuring approximately 180 m or 590 ft). The end of this abutted on the land at the head of the present Grand Square, where the "Moon Gate" rose. All that now lies between that point and the modern "Ras al-Tin" quarter is built on the silt which gradually widened and obliterated this mole.

824:(that became the Egyptian quarter of the city). Alexandria grew rapidly, becoming a major centre of Hellenic civilisation and replacing Memphis as Egypt's capital during the reign of the Ptolemaic pharaohs who succeeded Alexander. It retained this status for almost a millennium, through the period of 5519:

The Ptolemaic emphasis on Greek culture establishes the Greeks of Egypt with an identity for themselves. But the emphasis on Greek culture does even more than this – these are Greeks ruling in a foreign land. The more Greeks can indulge in their own culture, the more they can exclude non-Greeks, in

1773:

during the cooler months; these events, combined with a poor drainage system, have been responsible for occasional flooding in the city in the past though they rarely occur anymore. July and August are the hottest and driest months of the year, with an average daily maximum temperature of 30 °C

5454:

One effect of the newly created Hellenistic kingdoms was the imposition of Greek cities occupied by Greeks on an alien landscape. In Egypt, there was a native Egyptian population with its own culture, history, and traditions. The Greeks who came to Egypt, to the court or to live in Alexandria, were

3385:

The most important results were those achieved by Dr. G. Botti, late director of the museum, in the neighbourhood of "Pompey's Pillar", where there is a good deal of open ground. Here, substructures of a large building or group of buildings have been exposed, which are perhaps part of the Serapeum.

4260:

It has been reasonably established that the library, or parts of the collection, were destroyed by fire on a number of occasions (library fires were common and replacement of handwritten manuscripts was very difficult, expensive, and time-consuming). To this day, the details of the destruction (or

3222:

The temple was built in the Ptolemy era and dedicated to Osiris, which finished the construction of Alexandria. It is located in Abusir, the western suburb of Alexandria in Borg el Arab city. Only the outer wall and the pylons remain from the temple. There is evidence to prove that sacred animals

3036:

In the 1st century, the population of Alexandria contained over 180,000 adult male citizens, according to a census dated from 32 AD, in addition to a large number of freedmen, women, children and slaves. Estimates of the total population range from 216,000 to 500,000, making it one of the largest

3514:

mosque, al-Gamaa al-Bahari in Mandara, Hatem mosque in Somouha, Hoda el-Islam mosque in Sidi Bishr, al-Mowasah mosque in Hadara, Sharq al-Madina mosque in Miami, al-Shohadaa mosque in Mostafa Kamel, Al Qa'ed Ibrahim Mosque, Yehia mosque in Zizinia, Sidi Gaber mosque in Sidi Gaber, Sidi B esher

2686:

at high levels of warming would involve up to US$ 137.5 billion in damages. Additional accounting for the "low-probability, high-damage events" may increase aggregate risks to US$ 187 billion for the "moderate" RCP4.5, US$ 206 billion for RCP8.5 and US$ 397 billion under the high-end ice sheet

3909:

announced that it is opening a branch in Alexandria, in a first-of-its-kind move by a Greek higher education institution. The Greek university of Patras branch will operate two departments, one Greek-speaking and one English-speaking in the subjects of Greek culture, Greek language and Greek

2687:

instability scenario. In every single estimate, Alexandria alone bears around half of these costs. Since sea level rise would continue for about 10,000 years under every scenario of climate change, future costs of sea level rise would only increase, especially without adaptation measures.

3344:

Society and by many individuals. Excavations were performed in the city by Greeks seeking the tomb of Alexander the Great without success. The past and present directors of the museum have been enabled from time to time to carry out systematic excavations whenever opportunity is offered;

3928:

Alexandria has a long history of foreign educational institutions. The first foreign schools date to the early 19th century, when French missionaries began establishing French charitable schools to educate the Egyptians. Today, the most important French schools in Alexandria run by

1479:. Ibn Battuta also writes about Abu 'Abdallah al-Murshidi, a saint that lived in the Minyat of Ibn Murshed. Although al-Murshidi lived in seclusion, Ibn Battuta writes that he was regularly visited by crowds, high state officials, and even by the Sultan of Egypt at the time, 2952:" and were transported to New York City and London. This temple became, in time, the Patriarchal Church, though some ancient remains of the temple have been discovered. The actual Caesareum, the parts not eroded by the waves, lies under the houses lining the new seawall. 6373:

Bastin, Jean-Francois; Clark, Emily; Elliott, Thomas; Hart, Simon; van den Hoogen, Johan; Hordijk, Iris; Ma, Haozhi; Majumder, Sabiha; Manoli, Gabriele; Maschler, Julia; Mo, Lidong; Routh, Devin; Yu, Kailiang; Zohner, Constantin M.; Thomas W., Crowther (10 July 2019).

3353:

and the Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies in 1895; and a German expedition worked for two years (1898–1899). But two difficulties face the would-be excavator in Alexandria: lack of space for excavation and the underwater location of some areas of interest.

3024:

in the world. The light was produced by a furnace at the top and the tower was built mostly with solid blocks of limestone. The Pharos lighthouse was destroyed by an earthquake in the 14th century, making it the second longest surviving ancient wonder, after the

3365:

in the 4th century AD. This underwater section, containing many of the most interesting sections of the Hellenistic city, including the palace quarter, was explored in 1992 and is still being extensively investigated by the French underwater archaeologist

3049:

Due to the constant presence of war in Alexandria in ancient times, very little of the ancient city has survived into the present day. Much of the royal and civic quarters sank beneath the harbour and the rest has been built over in modern times.

3128:

were enacted and whose carved wall niches are believed to have provided overflow storage space for the ancient Library. In more recent years, many ancient artifacts have been discovered from the surrounding sea, mostly pieces of old pottery.

905:

both lay claim to this ancient heritage. By 641, the city had already been largely plundered and lost its significance before re-emerging in the modern era. From the late 18th century, Alexandria became a major centre of the international

5287: 4328:

was inaugurated 31 December 2003. It is located in a restored Italian style palace in Tariq El Horreya Street (formerly Rue Fouad), near the centre of the city. It contains about 1,800 artifacts that narrate the story of Alexandria and

4333:. Most of these pieces came from other Egyptian museums. The museum is housed in the old Al-Saad Bassili Pasha Palace, who was one of the wealthiest wood merchants in Alexandria. Construction on the site was first undertaken in 1926. 3893:

is a private French university that focuses on the teaching of humanities, politics and international relations, which mainly recruits students from the African continent. Other institutions of higher education in Alexandria include

2999:

The names of a few other public buildings on the mainland are known, but there is little information as to their actual position. None, however, are as famous as the building that stood on the eastern point of Pharos island. There,

4340:

was the city's main archeological museum, focused on artifacts from its Greco-Roman period. It was opened in 1892 and was closed in 2005 for extensive renovations and expansion. The museum re-opened to the public in October 2023.

6908:

Kendall, Elisabeth. "Between Politics and Literature: Journals in Alexandria and Istanbul at the End of the Nineteenth Century" (Chapter 15). In: Fawaz, Leila Tarazi and C. A. Bayly (editors) and Robert Ilbert (collaboration).

3124:. The structure was plundered and demolished in the 4th century when a bishop decreed that Paganism must be eradicated. Beneath the acropolis itself are the subterranean remains of the Serapeum, where the mysteries of the god 2991:, the most famous of all Alexandrian temples. Strabo tells that this stood in the west of the city; and recent discoveries go far as to place it near "Pompey's Pillar", which was an independent monument erected to commemorate 3751: 4366: 3173:, as well as a large Roman-style banquet room, where memorial meals were conducted by relatives of the deceased. The catacombs were long forgotten by the citizens until they were discovered by accident in 1900. 4033:

from then onwards, where a brand new terminal was completed there in February 2010. In 2017, the government announced that Alexandria International Airport will shut down permanently and will no longer reopen.

1513:

were built and placed at the merchants' disposal so that they could live according to the pattern they were accustomed to in their country. Alexandria lost much of its importance in international trade after

1144:(27th–21st centuries BC) and again in the period 1000–800 BC, followed by the absence of activity after that. From ancient sources it is known there existed a trading post at this location during the time of 6008: 3411:

The making of the new foreshore led to the dredging up of remains of the Patriarchal Church; and the foundations of modern buildings are seldom laid without some objects of antiquity being discovered.

5619:

Stiros, Stathis C.: "The AD 365 Crete earthquake and possible seismic clustering during the fourth to sixth centuries AD in the Eastern Mediterranean: a review of historical and archaeological data",

2619:. The annual temperature would increase by 2.8 °C (5.0 °F), and the temperature of the warmest and the coldest month by 2.9 °C (5.2 °F) and 3.1 °C (5.6 °F). According to 1564:

in 1798. French troops stormed the city on 2 July 1798, and it remained in their hands until the arrival of a British expedition in 1801. The British won a considerable victory over the French at the

4153:(in the district of Sidi Gaber in the centre of the eastern expansion in which most Alexandrines reside), both of which also serve the commuter rail line. Intercity passenger service is operated by 3378:. These are being opened up to tourists, to some controversy. The spaces that are most open are the low grounds to northeast and southwest, where it is practically impossible to get below the Roman 3885:

is a semi-private educational institution that offers courses for high school, undergraduate level, and postgraduate students. It is considered the most reputable university in Egypt after the AUC

3404:

The German excavation team found remains of a Ptolemaic colonnade and streets in the north-east of the city, but little else. Hogarth explored part of an immense brick structure under the mound of

7284: 3397:

The objects found in these researches are in the museum, the most notable being a great basalt bull, probably once an object of cult in the Serapeum. Other catacombs and tombs have been opened in

1697:

by CAPMAS in 2006 but given explosive growth definitions, likely informal, may have changed or may be set to change. Same area with 12 kisms existed in 1996. Kisms are considered 'fully urbanised'

2798:, Brucheum was enlarged by the addition of an official quarter, making four regions in all. The city was laid out as a grid of parallel streets, each of which had an attendant subterranean canal. 5284: 1483:. Ibn Battuta also visited the Pharos lighthouse on two occasions: in 1326 he found it to be partly in ruins and in 1349 it had deteriorated to the point that it was no longer possible to enter. 5506: 6135: 6656: 6523:

Technical Summary. In: Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

7670:

3) Abdallah, Fatma. "The Cultural Significance of Bilal Mosque in Alexandria: A Study in Religious Architecture." Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, vol. 27, no. 4, 2020, pp. 45-60.

6853: 6303: 5238: 3866: 7254: 6503:

Trisos, C.H., I.O. Adelekan, E. Totin, A. Ayanlade, J. Efitre, A. Gemeda, K. Kalaba, C. Lennard, C. Masao, Y. Mgaya, G. Ngaruiya, D. Olago, N.P. Simpson, and S. Zakieldeen 2022:

3357:

Since the great and growing modern city stands immediately over the ancient one, it is almost impossible to find any considerable space in which to dig, except at enormous cost.

3818:

among Egyptians led to Jewish residents in the city, and elsewhere in Egypt, being perceived as Zionist collaborators. Most Jewish residents of Egypt moved to the newly settled

3732: 3948:, Alexandria Language School, Future Language School, Future International Schools (Future IGCSE, Future American School and Future German school), Alexandria American School, 3394:

have been opened which may have been appendages of the temple. These contain one very remarkable vault with curious painted reliefs, now artificially lit and open to visitors.

7015: 1413:

that the inhabitants had directed at him, abruptly commanded his troops to put to death all youths capable of bearing arms. On 21 July 365 AD, Alexandria was devastated by a

5455:

separated from their original cultures. Alexandria was the main Greek city of Egypt and within it, there was an extraordinary mix of Greeks from many cities and backgrounds.

3105:

including a successful attempt to erect a 25-ton obelisk in 1999. This followed two experiments to erect smaller obelisks and two failed attempts to erect a 25-ton obelisk.

3991:

Around the 1890s, twice the percentage of women in Alexandria knew how to read compared to the same percentage in Cairo. As a result, specialist women's publications like

3882: 1522:

in the late 15th century. This reduced the amount of goods that needed to be transported through the Alexandrian port, as well as the Mamluks' political power. After the

11228: 7667:

2) Hassan, Mahmoud. "The Legacy of Ali ibn Abi Talib Mosque: A Historical Analysis." International Journal of Architectural Research, vol. 12, no. 3, 2019, pp. 321-336.

7513:"Governor of Alexandria Meets Mayor of Paphos to Reinforce Cooperation Agreement Between the Two Sides and to Discuss Repercussions of Corona Virus Via Video Conference" 771:, as Egypt's capital. Called the "Bride of the Mediterranean" internationally, Alexandria is a popular tourist destination and an important industrial centre due to its 6982: 4474:. The stadium is the oldest stadium in Egypt, being built in 1929. The stadium holds 20,000 people. Alexandria was one of three cities that participated in hosting the 1166:, 'That which is built up') existed since the 13th century BC in the vicinity and eventually grew into the Egyptian quarter of the city. Just east of Alexandria (where 7456: 6247: 8982: 7664:

1) El-Shahed, Ahmed. "The History and Architecture of Abu al-Abbas al-Mursi Mosque in Alexandria." Journal of Islamic Architecture, vol. 5, no. 2, 2018, pp. 87-102.

5049: 3895: 2615:

where global warming reaches ~2.5–3 °C (4.5–5.4 °F) by 2100, the climate of Alexandria in the year 2050 would most closely resemble the current climate of

1693:

2020 CAPMAS projection based on 2017 revised census figures, may differ significantly from 2017 census preliminary tabulations. The 14 kisms were reported simply as

1475:

that resided in the city. One such saint was Imam Borhan Oddin El Aaraj, who was said to perform miracles. Another notable figure was Yaqut al-'Arshi, a disciple of

1308:. In one century, Alexandria had become the largest city in the world and, for some centuries more, was second only to Rome. It became Egypt's main Greek city, with 2833:

and said to have been each about 60 m (200 ft) wide, intersected in the centre of the city, close to the point where the Sema (or Soma) of Alexander (his

1362:, which quickly escalated to open affronts and violence between the two ethnic groups and the desecration of Alexandrian synagogues. This event has been called the 7640: 6016: 5813: 5199: 4987: 1799:

The highest recorded temperature was 45 °C (113 °F) on 30 May 1961, and the coldest recorded temperature was 0 °C (32 °F) on 31 January 1994.

9782: 2888:'s time (latter half of the 1st century BC), the principal buildings were as follows, enumerated as they were to be seen from a ship entering the Great Harbour. 5406: 2630:

in the entire world. According to some estimates, hundreds of thousands of people in its low-lying areas may already have to be relocated before 2030. The 2022

8054: 3614: 3546: 5531:

Hanson and Ortman, A systematic method for estimating the populations of Greek and Roman settlements November 2017, Journal of Roman Archaeology 30(1):301-324

11193: 9733: 9392: 5543: 5914: 11238: 11168: 5891: 741: 6706: 11173: 7977: 7276: 5581: 4029:(Alexandria International Airport) was to be closed to commercial operations for two years as it underwent expansion, with all airlines operating out of 3371: 7336: 6728: 6041: 8906: 8606: 6079: 1323:, was produced there. The early Ptolemies kept it in order and fostered the development of its museum into the leading Hellenistic centre of learning ( 6277: 4231:, was once the largest library in the world. It is generally thought to have been founded at the beginning of the 3rd century BC, during the reign of 8478: 6477: 910:

and one of the most important trading centres in the world, both because it profited from the easy overland connection between the Mediterranean and

8550: 8366: 7094: 3874: 2818: 7673:

4) Ali, Mustafa. "Intellectual Centers of Islamic Learning in Medieval Alexandria." Alexandria Studies Journal, vol. 8, no. 1, 2015, pp. 123-140.

3973: 3865:

is a public university that follows the Egyptian system of higher education. Many of its faculties are internationally renowned, most notably its

2860:

Alexandria consisted originally of little more than the island of Pharos, which was joined to the mainland by a 1,260 m-long (4,130 ft)

9246: 8638: 8410: 8222: 6217: 6187: 2500: 7120: 1032:), which some sources translated as "Alexandria by Egypt", as the city was, at that time, in the periphery of Egypt proper (the area beside the 11208: 10969: 9749: 9330: 9178: 6822: 6351: 6127: 5983: 11198: 8218: 7520: 7145: 6648: 4792: 4627: 3870: 2842: 1198: 7434: 10567: 8650: 8610: 8474: 6849: 3968:(previously called Scottish School for Girls), Kawmeya Language School, El Nasr Boys' School (previously called British Boys' School), and 1213:

on Egypt's coast that would bear his name. He chose the site of Alexandria, envisioning the building of a causeway to the nearby island of

1170:

is now), there were in ancient times marshland and several islands. As early as the 7th century BC, there existed important port cities of

5604: 9775: 9266: 8770: 8210: 6940: 6929: 6299: 5228: 3642: 3527: 7723: 6161: 5711: 5672: 11178: 9278: 8846: 7246: 6613: 5953: 7071: 3940:

English-language schools in Alexandria are the most popular; those in the city include: Riada American School, Riada Language School,

395: 10162: 9385: 9346: 9342: 9226: 6800: 3830:

and other countries in the 1950s and 1960s. The community once numbered 50,000 but is now estimated at below 50. The most important

7007: 6433: 3956:, Princesses Girls' School, Sidi Gaber Language School, Zahran Language School, Taymour English School, Sacred Heart Girls' School, 794: 733: 11188: 7482: 6678:

McKenzie, Judith; McKenzie, Rhys-Davids Junior Research Fellow in Archaeology Judith; Moorey, Peter Roger Stuart (1 January 2007).

4606:

and a huge celebration is conducted the night before the rally starts after all the international participants arrive to the city.

3747: 3556: 802: 5017: 4610:

is an international cross-country motorcycle and scooter rally conducted throughout the most difficult tracks and roads of Egypt.

1545: 950: 7970: 5127: 3759: 1273:

took possession of Egypt and brought Alexander's body to Egypt with him. Ptolemy at first ruled from the old Egyptian capital of

6105: 4139: 3617:(though in practice the Patriarch has long resided in Cairo). The most important Coptic Orthodox churches in Alexandria include 3340:

Persistent efforts have been made to explore the antiquities of Alexandria. Encouragement and help have been given by the local

1730:, the prevailing north wind, blowing across the Mediterranean, gives the city a less severe climate than the desert hinterland. 944: 11163: 9768: 7861: 7314: 7224: 5861: 3763: 2608: 1625: 941: 937: 814: 810: 6768: 4235:. It was likely created after his father had built what would become the first part of the library complex, the temple of the 7869: 7844: 7836: 7778: 6689: 5780: 5705: 5342: 5315: 5175: 5082: 5043: 3835: 2973:

The Mausolea of Alexander (Soma) and the Ptolemies in one ring-fence, near the point of intersection of the two main streets.

947: 939: 7160: 6239: 5088: 11183: 9378: 7937: 2679: 7909: 5033: 3101:

had cranes but they were not strong enough to lift something this heavy. Roger Hopkins and Mark Lehrner conducted several

3008:, reputed to be 138 m (453 ft) high, was situated. The first Ptolemy began the project, and the second Ptolemy ( 6957: 3922: 3599: 902: 7632: 4983: 10962: 7963: 6895: 5797: 4012: 3957: 3267: 1561: 852: 285: 7580: 5191: 4494:

are practiced on a lower scale. The Skateboarding culture in Egypt started in this city. The city is also home to the

2682:

and US$ 86.5 billion for the high-emission scenario RCP 8.5, while RCP 8.5 combined with the hypothetical impact from

1778:). The average annual rainfall is around 211 mm (8.3 in) but has been as high as 417 mm (16.4 in) 11233: 10171: 7986: 7698: 7610: 7170: 5807: 5745: 5666: 5468: 5359: 4787: 4777: 4445: 3464: 3327: 2754: 1617:. The nationalisation of property by Nasser, which reached its highest point in 1961, drove out nearly all the rest. 698: 359: 4427: 3934: 3855: 3778: 1354:, in the year 38 AD, disturbances erupted between Jews and Greek citizens of Alexandria during a visit paid by King 10560: 7915: 7374: 6521: 4080: 3953: 3515:

mosque, Rokay el-Islam mosque in Elessway, Elsadaka Mosque in Sidibesher Qebly, Elshatbi mosque and Sultan mosque.

2623:, the current warming trajectory appears consistent with 2.7 °C (4.9 °F), which closely matches RCP 4.5. 1343:, the city grid encompassed an area of 10 km (3.9 sq mi), and the total population during the Roman 326: 7404: 6504: 1719: 11218: 7817: 5922: 3899: 3881:

city is a research university set up in collaboration between the Japanese and Egyptian governments in 2010. The

1635:

Alexandria is located in the country of Egypt, on the southern coast of the Mediterranean. It is in the Far West

7194: 5887: 1347:

was around 500,000–600,000, which would wax and wane in the course of the next four centuries under Roman rule.

7046: 6922: 6714: 4499: 4423: 3446: 3309: 2736: 1233:

valley. A few months after the foundation, Alexander left Egypt and never returned to the city during his life.

6755:"The Portus Magnus of Alexandria: 25 years of underwater archaeological research by University of Oxford Live" 1335:

in 47 BC), but were careful to maintain the distinction of its population's three largest ethnicities: Greek,

10955: 10155: 9628: 9585: 7550: 7344: 6049: 5493: 3744: 3483: 2678:) would collectively sustain cumulative damages of US$ 65 billion for the "moderate" climate change scenario 1441:

was erected in the eastern part of the city, later known as Qasr Faris, "fort of the Persians". Although the

1202: 1003: 7904: 6836: 6071: 5578: 6269: 4479: 3961: 3949: 3886: 3499: 3492: 3259: 2683: 2631: 229: 1538:

during the 9th to 18th centuries, and it only regained its former prominence with the construction of the

1140:

of seashell fragments and lead contamination show human activity at the location during the period of the

10553: 7919: 6732: 6549: 4556: 4419: 3442: 3398: 3305: 3153: 3141: 3070: 3063: 2786:, "Alexandria") was the old city that was absorbed into Alexandria. It was occupied chiefly by Egyptians. 2732: 2699: 1565: 1332: 860: 259: 20: 4458:

The main sport that interests Alexandrians is football, as is the case in the rest of Egypt and Africa.

3157:, are a short distance southwest of the pillar, consist of a multi-level labyrinth, reached via a large 1020:. As one of many settlements founded by Alexander the Great, the city he founded on Rhacotis was called 11061: 9954: 9540: 8426: 5270:. 6 vols. Leipzig: J. C. Hinrichs'schen Buchhandlungen. (Reprinted Berlin: Akademie-Verlag GmbH, 1971). 4572: 4471: 4325: 4287: 4154: 4150: 3976:(DSB of Saint Charles Borromé) and Neue Deutsche Schule Alexandria, which is run by Frau Sally Hammam. 3965: 3677: 3630: 2956: 1569: 1442: 1430: 1152:, but it had long been lost by the time of Alexander's arrival. A small Egyptian fishing village named 890: 864: 7146:"Egypt Today: "After 18 years of restoration, Alexandria's Graeco-Roman Museum is finally re-opened."" 6209: 6183: 4506:, the continent's most prestigious basketball tournament, on four occasions (1970, 1975, 1983, 2003). 4179:

An extensive tramway network was built in 1860 and is the oldest in Africa. The network begins at the

3972:(previously called English Girls' College). There are only two German schools in Alexandria which are 3258:. The Citadel is located on the eastern side of the northern tip of Pharos Island at the mouth of the 6914: 4782: 3969: 3811: 3350: 1602:. On 26 October 1954, Alexandria's Mansheya Square was the site of a failed assassination attempt on 1592: 1457: 1236: 1070: 6347: 5975: 11203: 10148: 9490: 9485: 4856: 4531: 4495: 4408: 3804: 3263: 3246:

is a defensive fortress located on the Mediterranean sea coast. It was established in 1477 AD (882

3001: 1453: 1378: 1226: 1090: 867:. Alexandria was the intellectual and cultural centre of the ancient Mediterranean for much of the 844: 829: 607: 427: 9370: 7717: 7512: 3610:

missionaries converted some of the adherents of the Orthodox churches to their respective faiths.

1598:

In July 1954, the city was a target of an Israeli bombing campaign that later became known as the

1550: 223: 11066: 10110: 10026: 9575: 9560: 8782: 8746: 7426: 5460: 4802: 4412: 4265: 4232: 4217: 4184: 3721: 3673: 3649: 3435: 3298: 3009: 2941: 2795: 2725: 1727: 1086: 790: 213: 5192:"Egypt's 'bride of the Mediterranean' is a year-round destination for tourists | Marwa al-A'sar" 4896: 3102: 2794:

Brucheum was the Royal or Greek quarter and formed the most magnificent portion of the city. In

1460:

that lasted 14 months. The first Arab governor of Egypt recorded to have visited Alexandria was

875:. It was at one time the largest city in the ancient world before being eventually overtaken by 275: 11137: 11071: 10514: 10014: 9810: 9565: 9500: 9449: 9058: 8810: 8594: 8138: 8094: 5601: 5360:"Pollutant lead reveals the pre-Hellenistic occupation and ancient growth of Alexandria, Egypt" 4360: 3782: 3595: 3074: 2988: 2853: 2620: 1363: 1255: 1217:

that would generate two great natural harbours. Alexandria was intended to supersede the older

1126: 994: 898: 825: 444: 106: 6937: 6926: 5772:

Sanctity and Mysticism in Medieval Egypt: The Wafāʼ Sufi Order and the Legacy of Ibn al-ʿArabī

5332: 5167: 2963:

are both inland, near the Boulevard de Rosette in the eastern half of the town; sites unknown.

2626:

Due to its location on a Nile river delta, Alexandria is one of the most vulnerable cities to

10982: 10298: 10038: 9858: 9791: 9520: 8830: 8674: 8398: 8022: 6609: 6157: 5770: 5695: 5654: 5430:

O'Connor, Lauren (2009) "The Remains of Alexander the Great: The God, The King, The Symbol",

5305: 4607: 4603: 4475: 4463: 4295: 4224: 3862: 3206: 3038: 3026: 2981: 2949: 2810: 2703: 1573: 1476: 1449: 1324: 1218: 1120: 1057: 856: 760: 439: 183: 5945: 11213: 11046: 10861: 10050: 9942: 9894: 9882: 9535: 9354: 8694: 8634: 8338: 8282: 8074: 7712: 7063: 6511:. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, US, pp. 2043–2121 6455: 6387: 5597: 5374: 4884: 4577: 4562: 4523: 4487: 4349: 4315: 4030: 4019: 3980: 3906: 3750:(generally vested in its leading Patriarch of Antioch) and the actual cathedral see of its 3583: 3579: 3531: 3346: 3013: 3005: 1785: 1464:, who strengthened the Arab presence and built a governor's palace in the city in 664–665. 1418: 1259: 969: 915: 894: 583: 6792: 3189:

The most extensive ancient excavation currently being conducted in Alexandria is known as

2907:

as a fortress, where he withstood a siege from the city mob after he took Egypt after the

1639:

area. It is a densely populated city; its core areas belie its large administrative area.

1284:

Although Cleomenes was mainly in charge of overseeing Alexandria's early development, the

69: 8: 11158: 11132: 10247: 10086: 10074: 10002: 9978: 9918: 9846: 9094: 8854: 8582: 8530: 8498: 8486: 8238: 8162: 4337: 4301: 4166: 3788:

In antiquity Alexandria was a major centre of the cosmopolitan religious movement called

3701: 3697: 3693: 3669: 3634: 3626: 3618: 3166: 3121: 2908: 2903:

The Great Theater, on the modern Hospital Hill near the Ramleh station. This was used by

2861: 1461: 1351: 1182: 1141: 756: 573: 462: 7490: 7306: 6391: 5378: 3983:

educational system was first introduced in Alexandria in 2009 at Alexandria Montessori.

3488: 3235: 1277:. In 322/321 BC he had Cleomenes executed. Finally, in 305 BC, Ptolemy declared himself 11056: 10576: 9906: 9710: 8874: 7889: 6410: 6375: 6300:"In Photos: Rare 'Snowfall' in Egypt's Alexandria Marks End of 2021 | Egyptian Streets" 5634: 5560: 5498: 5398: 5160: 5009: 4582: 4518: 4459: 4386: 3890: 3739:

in Egypt. Member churches include Saint Catherine Church in Mansheya and Church of the

3717: 3653: 3243: 2967: 1743: 1715: 1603: 1534:

until 1798. Alexandria lost much of its former importance to the Egyptian port city of

1523: 1505:

provided amenities for European merchants to stay in the port cities of Alexandria and

1137: 1074: 883: 779: 199: 6325: 5111: 4498:, which is especially known for its basketball team, which traditionally provides the 4008: 2937:

The Navalia (Docks), lying west of the Timonium, along the seafront as far as the mole

11051: 11001: 10891: 10098: 9990: 9966: 9870: 9834: 9822: 9475: 9423: 9306: 9254: 9166: 9134: 8990: 8914: 8122: 8026: 7994: 7865: 7840: 7832: 7774: 7694: 7166: 7042: 6918: 6685: 6599:

and Sphinx by Desmond Stewart and editors of the Newsweek Book Division 1971 p. 80-81

6596: 6415: 6101: 5803: 5776: 5751: 5741: 5701: 5662: 5502: 5402: 5390: 5338: 5311: 5171: 5078: 5039: 4952: 4927: 4807: 4135: 4048: 4026: 3918: 3889:

because of its worldwide recognition from board of engineers at UK & ABET in US.

3709: 3661: 3224: 2453: 2331: 1807: 1751: 1707: 1539: 1480: 1301: 1293: 1206: 1157: 1145: 1014: 907: 302: 7216: 6869: 5865: 5835: 4212: 3526:, which is based in the city and overwhelmingly won most of the Salafi votes in the 3193:. It has revealed the ancient city's well-preserved theater, and the remains of its 11223: 10363: 10201: 10122: 10062: 9930: 9198: 9010: 8730: 8662: 8626: 8154: 8090: 8010: 6754: 6610:"NOVA Online | Mysteries of the Nile | 27 August 1999: The Third Attempt" 6405: 6395: 5552: 5488: 5480: 5382: 5119: 4767: 4725: 4196: 3878: 3740: 3725: 3251: 3161:

and featuring dozens of chambers adorned with sculpted pillars, statues, and other

3078: 2856:

in Alexandria, which were relocated to London and New York in the late 19th century

1747: 1731: 1614: 1502: 636: 10947: 7457:"Gradovi pobratimi: Potpisan sporazum o saradnji između Novog Sada i Aleksandrije" 3762:(for all Egypt and Sudan, whose actual cathedral is in Cairo), a suffragan of the 11111: 10524: 9887: 9760: 9608: 8794: 8414: 8386: 8370: 8322: 6962: 6944: 6933: 6857: 6679: 6400: 5650: 5608: 5585: 5291: 5072: 4842: 4837: 4180: 4127: 4119: 4106: 4043: 3519: 3511: 3216: 2778: 1579: 1434: 1394: 1270: 868: 729: 711: 530: 78: 63: 10140: 7572: 3361:'s royal quarters were inundated by earthquakes and tsunami, leading to gradual 820:

The city was founded originally in the vicinity of an Egyptian settlement named

253: 237: 193: 10348: 10343: 9959: 9078: 8574: 8502: 8433: 8330: 8226: 8198: 8186: 8174: 6983:"Alexandria's 150-year-old tramway to be upgraded in €360 mln European project" 6584: 5307:

The Pharos Lighthouse In Alexandria: Second Sun and Seventh Wonder of Antiquity

5263: 5233: 4890: 4539: 4248: 3755: 3705: 3575: 3571: 2877: 2627: 2612: 1762: 1382: 1358:

to Alexandria, principally over the respect paid by the Herodian nation to the

1274: 1171: 872: 764: 719: 550: 243: 11011: 7892:. Egyptian government, Ministry of state For Administrative Development. 2014. 6967: 6046:

World Meteorological Organization Climatological Reference Normals (1961–1990)

5639:. Osmania University, Digital Library Of India. Oxford At The Clarendon Press. 5484: 5358:

Véron, A.; Goiran, J. P.; Morhange, C.; Marriner, N.; Empereur, J. Y. (2006).

4281: 3552: 3137: 11152: 11041: 10791: 10404: 10383: 10115: 10007: 9983: 9222: 8978: 8890: 8850: 8842: 8789: 8758: 8714: 8654: 8598: 8566: 8537: 8326: 8206: 8098: 8066: 8034: 7766: 6637:

Lost Civilizations series: Ramses II: Magnificence on the Nile (1993)p. 56-57

6634: 6587:, 2009, "Urbanization as a Proxy of Growth", p. 97, citing Bagnall and Frier. 6013:

World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020)

5755: 5394: 4797: 4370: 4345: 4115: 3933:

missionaries include Collège de la Mère de Dieu, Collège Notre Dame de Sion,

3767: 3607: 3523: 3408:, which may have been part of the Paneum, the Mausolea, or a Roman fortress. 3367: 3358: 2904: 2655: 2210: 1781: 1734:

and Alexandria are the wettest places in Egypt; the other wettest places are

1527: 1472: 1381:

on coins minted in Alexandria in the second century (1: reverse of a coin of

1359: 1328: 1297: 768: 410: 397: 11031: 7955: 7121:"Alexandria's "Graeco-Roman Museum" Set to Reopen After Years of Renovation" 6575:

Josiah Russell, 1958, "Late Ancient and Medieval Population", pp. 67 and 79.

6386:(7). S2 Table. Summary statistics of the global analysis of city analogues. 5469:"Culture and Power in Ptolemaic Egypt: the Museum and Library of Alexandria" 4309: 4145:

Alexandria plays host to two intercity railway stations: the aforementioned

4022:, which is located about 25 km (16 mi) away from the city centre. 2695: 989:

Alexandria was located on the earlier Egyptian settlement, which was called

10881: 10746: 10504: 10489: 10479: 10424: 10373: 10358: 10019: 9995: 9666: 9170: 9082: 9070: 9050: 8942: 8921: 8762: 8706: 8542: 8514: 8294: 8266: 8245: 8230: 8202: 8150: 8030: 6482: 6419: 4759: 4737: 4146: 4094: 4070: 3800: 3781:, is multi-denominational and holds liturgies according to Latin Catholic, 3736: 3689: 3685: 3657: 3622: 3587: 3563: 3542: 3271: 3098: 2919: 2848: 1793: 1629: 1599: 1531: 1304:

and Indian East, the city grew in less than a generation to be larger than

1287: 886: 7602: 5446:

Culture and Power in Ptolemaic Egypt: The Museum and Library of Alexandria

5279:

John Baines, "Possible implications of the Egyptian word for Alexandria",

4966: 4671: 3081:

still standing in Alexandria today. It is located on Alexandria's ancient

11116: 10911: 10801: 10696: 10529: 10484: 9633: 9613: 9593: 9218: 9186: 9034: 9030: 8970: 8958: 8858: 8806: 8642: 8570: 8390: 8214: 8194: 7716: 7039:

Lost Libraries: The Destruction of Great Book Collections Since Antiquity

5386: 5259: 4873: 4869: 4633: 4618: 4547: 4543: 4253: 3638: 3405: 3341: 3190: 3181: 3170: 2926: 1766: 1735: 1610: 1498: 1491: 1468: 1263: 1167: 1078: 1053: 772: 176: 11101: 7366: 4470:. It is currently used mostly for football matches and was used for the 4363:

hosts performances of classical music, Arabic music, ballet, and opera.

3941: 3851: 3728:

in Alexandria, which serves the Russian speaking community in the city.

3613:

Today the Patriarchal seat of the Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church is

1437:. The city was mostly uninjured by the conquest and a new palace called 11026: 10519: 10474: 10464: 10459: 10439: 10409: 9603: 9555: 9530: 9454: 9418: 9270: 9162: 9158: 9154: 9118: 9106: 9086: 9074: 9018: 8938: 8886: 8818: 8814: 8766: 8710: 8614: 8522: 8466: 8406: 8382: 8378: 8362: 8298: 8274: 8262: 8254: 8190: 8114: 8102: 7930: 7897: 7396: 6707:"New clues to the lost tomb of Alexander the Great discovered in Egypt" 6478:"Houses claimed by the canal: life on Egypt's climate change frontline" 6376:"Understanding climate change from a global analysis of city analogues" 5268:

Wörterbuch der aegyptischen Sprache im Auftrage der deutschen Akademien

5123: 4719: 4653: 4503: 4491: 4131: 3789: 3713: 3449: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 3362: 3312: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 3247: 3162: 3117: 3030: 3021: 2992: 2897: 2739: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2647: 1789: 1775: 1755: 1739: 1636: 1584: 1402: 1370:

intervened and had the Roman governor, Flaccus, removed from the city.

1344: 1316: 1175: 806: 745: 207: 162: 10821: 10545: 7905:

Details on the archaïc port with a pdf of Gaston Jondet's report, 1916

7839:, New Haven, Yale University Press, 24 May 2011, hardback, 470 pages, 7095:"Development works in Alexandria's Greco-Roman Museum almost complete" 6508: 5738:

The travels of Ibn Battuta in the Near East, Asia and Africa 1304–1377

5564: 4382: 3041:

and the largest pre-industrial city that was not an imperial capital.

2634:

estimates that by 2050, Alexandria and 11 other major African cities (

1486: 10741: 10731: 10701: 10626: 10454: 10368: 10318: 10267: 10043: 9863: 9682: 9661: 9643: 9623: 9515: 9505: 9318: 9214: 9146: 9122: 9114: 9065: 9038: 9002: 8962: 8954: 8926: 8837: 8722: 8718: 8686: 8681: 8646: 8618: 8558: 8454: 8354: 8306: 8130: 7186: 4877: 4665: 4647: 4074: 3831: 3387: 3375: 3148: 3082: 3017: 2960: 2865: 2834: 2830: 2814: 2643: 2616: 2379: 1445: 1406: 1355: 1336: 1285: 1266: 1222: 1192: 1041: 1037: 1021: 776: 564: 144: 127: 10686: 7912:, Eran Laor Cartographic Collection, The National Library of Israel. 7247:"Catania Amica Del Mondo, Ecco Tutti I Gemellaggi Della Città Etnea" 6434:"Cities of the future: visualizing climate change to inspire action" 4928:"Major Agglomerations of the World - Population Statistics and Maps" 4397: 4149:(in the older Manshia district in the western part of the city) and 3424: 3287: 2714: 1421:), an event annually commemorated years later as a "day of horror". 11106: 10876: 10771: 10726: 10681: 10656: 10444: 10434: 10338: 10323: 10257: 10252: 10242: 10227: 10079: 9947: 9899: 9851: 9692: 9651: 9428: 9400: 9334: 9326: 9210: 9182: 9101: 9046: 9014: 8934: 8902: 8894: 8866: 8822: 8701: 8510: 8462: 8446: 8374: 8358: 8345: 8310: 8302: 8289: 8258: 8250: 8169: 8126: 8046: 5697:

The Rise of a Capital: Al-Fusṭāṭ and Its Hinterland, 18-132/639-750

5556: 4902: 4772: 4731: 4701: 4695: 4689: 3930: 3603: 3594:. The Miaphysites went on to constitute what is known today as the 3158: 3109: 3090: 3086: 2915: 2774: 2604: 1557: 1515: 1506: 1386: 1367: 1340: 1305: 1300:

and becoming the centre of the new commerce between Europe and the

1281:

as Ptolemy I Soter ("Savior") and moved his capital to Alexandria.

1153: 990: 821: 7542: 5334:

The Hellenistic Settlements in Europe, the Islands, and Asia Minor

1373: 11091: 11086: 11076: 11036: 10979: 10937: 10896: 10866: 10836: 10806: 10786: 10776: 10761: 10756: 10711: 10641: 10636: 10499: 10494: 10429: 10353: 10282: 10222: 10091: 9715: 9598: 9570: 9550: 9459: 9410: 9350: 9298: 9274: 9242: 9126: 9026: 8950: 8946: 8930: 8862: 8802: 8602: 8589: 8554: 8518: 8418: 8394: 8318: 8178: 8062: 8038: 7773:, Prestel Vlg München, 2008 (2nd edition), Exhibition Catalogue, 7008:"Egypt's $ 1bn Alexandria Metro to start construction in Q1 2020" 6911:

Modernity and Culture: From the Mediterranean to the Indian Ocean

6681:

The Architecture of Alexandria and Egypt, C. 300 B.C. to A.D. 700

6048:. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from 6015:. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from 5591: 4683: 4659: 4510: 4483: 4240: 4171: 4123: 4118:

system extends from Misr Station (Alexandria's primary intercity

4056:

Alexandria has four ports; namely the Western Port also known as

3815: 3665: 3591: 3582:

had jurisdiction over most of the continent of Africa. After the

3379: 3255: 3194: 3125: 3094: 2977: 2945: 2872: 2639: 2635: 1535: 1414: 1398: 1278: 1252: 911: 524: 7162:

Sport in the Middle East: Power, Politics, Ideology and Religion

3598:. The Melkites went on to constitute what is known today as the 3574:. Until 430, the Patriarch of Alexandria was second only to the 3211: 2667: 621: 11096: 11081: 10906: 10851: 10846: 10831: 10816: 10716: 10651: 10596: 10534: 10509: 10469: 10414: 10328: 10237: 10232: 9911: 9725: 9687: 9656: 9618: 9545: 9525: 9480: 9444: 9290: 9286: 9234: 9150: 9110: 9006: 8881: 8774: 8666: 8630: 8562: 8546: 8470: 8458: 8450: 8442: 8438: 8402: 8350: 8314: 8270: 8118: 8086: 8050: 7947: 5839: 5659:

Cambridge History of Egypt, Volume One: Islamic Egypt, 640–1517

5162:

The Rise and Fall of Alexandria: Birthplace of the Modern World

4713: 4677: 4641: 4588: 4566: 3827: 3823: 3819: 3774: 3733:

Apostolic Vicariate of Alexandria in Egypt-Heliopolis-Port Said

3681: 3562:

Alexandria was once considered the third-most important see in

3503: 3113: 2893: 2885: 2838: 2675: 2671: 2659: 1410: 1393:

In 115 AD, large parts of Alexandria were destroyed during the

1320: 1309: 1229:

centre in Egypt and to be the link between Greece and the rich

1214: 833: 590: 569: 50: 7831:, London, John Murray, 11 November 2010, hardback, 480 pages, 6870:"25 Best Universities in Alexandria - Top Ratings (2023 Fees)" 3995:

by Hind Nawal, the country's first women's journal, appeared.

3089:—and was originally part of a temple colonnade. Including its 3058: 1796:

and Alexandria have the least temperature variation in Egypt.

1161: 10926: 10921: 10671: 10666: 10621: 10606: 10591: 10419: 10388: 10313: 10308: 10303: 10277: 10262: 10217: 10191: 10103: 10055: 10031: 9971: 9923: 9875: 9839: 9827: 9702: 9495: 9322: 9313: 9282: 9261: 9190: 9174: 9141: 9042: 9022: 8997: 8966: 8798: 8753: 8658: 8622: 8506: 8493: 8106: 8081: 8058: 8042: 8001: 4846: 4707: 4467: 4330: 4228: 4087: 3945: 3883:

Arab Academy for Science, Technology & Maritime Transport

3810:

Alexandria's Jewish community declined rapidly following the

2822: 2663: 2651: 1556:

Alexandria figured prominently in the military operations of

1519: 1510: 1210: 1186: 1149: 1047: 1027: 837: 798: 737: 723: 687: 432: 136: 119: 100: 84: 19:

This article is about the city in Egypt. For other uses, see

7822:

The Architecture of Alexandria and Egypt, 300 B.C.–A.D. 700.

5444:

Erskine, Andrew (April 1995). "Greece & Rome, 2nd Ser".

5283:, Vol. 16 (2003), pp. 61–63. (Appendix to Judith McKenzie, " 893:, which was one of the major centres of Christianity in the 10449: 10378: 10333: 10272: 10196: 10127: 10067: 9935: 9510: 9338: 9294: 9230: 9205: 8974: 8898: 8737: 8182: 8110: 8017: 6240:"VIDEO: Rare snowfall turns Egypt's Alexandria into Moscow" 5541:

Delia, Diana (1988). "The Population of Roman Alexandria".

5357: 4268:

was inaugurated in 2002, near the site of the old Library.

4236: 4199:

was due to begin in 2020 at a cost of $ 1.05 billion.

4083:(Alexandria – Cairo – 220 km (137 mi), 6–8 lanes) 3567: 1770: 1230: 1033: 1008: 876: 783: 675: 672: 556: 6509:

Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability

5661:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 62–85 . 3861:

Alexandria has a number of higher education institutions.

9238: 7064:"Oct. 16, 2002: Second Great Library Opens in Alexandria" 5157: 4602:

Alexandria is also known as the yearly starting point of

3507: 2806:

The Jewish quarter was the northeast portion of the city.

789:

The city extends about 40 km (25 mi) along the

660: 651: 648: 642: 1448:

recovered it in 629, in 641 the Arabs under the general

7689:

A. Bernard, E. Bernand, J. Yoyotte, F. Goddio, et al.,

5655:"Egypt as a Province in the Islamic Caliphate, 641–868" 1405:, an opportunity to rebuild it. In 215 AD, the emperor 759:, Alexandria grew rapidly and became a major centre of 7829:

Levant: Splendour and Catastrophe on the Mediterranean

6677: 6372: 3952:, Egyptian American School, Pioneers Language School, 3743:

in Cleopatra. The city is also the nominal see of the

1609:

Europeans began leaving Alexandria following the 1956

1292:

and the mainland quarters seem to have been primarily

1036:). Some of the Alexandrian and Greek populaces, e.g., 7824:(Pelican History of Art, Yale University Press, 2007) 7792:

Vintage Alexandria: Photographs of the City 1860–1960

6270:"Photos: In rare sight, snow falls across Alexandria" 6158:"Clima en Alexandria / Nouzha – Históricos el tiempo" 5544:

Transactions of the American Philological Association

4261:

destructions) remain a lively source of controversy.

3752:

Patriarchal territory of Egypt, Sudan and South Sudan

1269:. Following Alexander's death in 323 BC, his general 699: 690: 684: 663: 657: 639: 6896:"Greek University Opens Branch in Alexandria, Egypt" 4827: 4749: 3641:

Church in Fleming, Saint Mina Church in Mandara and

3586:

in AD 451, the Alexandrian Church split between the

3016:. It took 12 years to complete and served as a 2781: 1101:

was assimilated into the feminine adjectival suffix

669: 666: 645: 10977: 7711:Cana, Frank Richardson; Atkinson, Charles Francis; 7710: 5796:Clayton, Peter A.; Price, Martin (21 August 2013). 3637:Church in Assafra, Saint Mary Church in Gianaclis, 3085:—a modest hill located adjacent to the city's Arab 1178:. The latter was recently rediscovered underwater. 681: 654: 11229:Populated places established in the 4th century BC 9790: 5775:. State University of New York Press. p. 33. 5159: 5153: 5151: 5149: 5147: 5145: 2900:here, as throughout the northeast coast of Africa. 793:and is the largest city on the Mediterranean, the 10170: 5494:20.500.11820/0250d217-8139-4aca-8a8e-8a701b81b9a2 5285:Glimpsing Alexandria from archaeological evidence 3792:(today mainly remembered as a Christian heresy). 3262:. It was erected on the exact site of the famous 2767:Greek Alexandria was divided into three regions: 11150: 7727:. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). pp. 568–572. 7579:(in Russian). Federal city of Saint Petersburg. 6850:Egypt to restore Alexandria's historic synagogue 6348:"Alexandria Climate and Weather Averages, Egypt" 5915:"Nasser Assassination Attempt, October 26, 1954" 4086:Cairo-Alexandria Agriculture Road (Alexandria – 3875:Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology 1409:visited the city and, because of some insulting 5740:. Translated by Lee, Samuel. New York: Cosimo. 5351: 5337:. University of California Press. p. 409. 5158:Justin Pollard; Howard Reid (30 October 2007). 5142: 4613: 6649:"Catacombs of Kom ash-Suqqafa – Lonely Planet" 6340: 3132: 3033:also stood on Pharos at the head of the mole. 10963: 10561: 10156: 9776: 9386: 7985: 7971: 6729:"Discovering the Portus Magnus of Alexandria" 5623:, Vol. 23 (2001), pp. 545–562 (549 & 557) 5118:. Apollo-University of Cambridge Repository. 4920: 4793:List of cities founded by Alexander the Great 4628:List of twin towns and sister cities in Egypt 4622:The Italian consulate in Saad Zaghloul Square 2984:and theater in the same region; site unknown. 1052:, "Alexandria near Egypt"). In the course of 832:in 641 AD, when a new capital was founded at 11194:Mediterranean port cities and towns in Egypt 6793:"New underwater tourist attraction in Egypt" 6210:"A wave of snow covers Alexandria, in Egypt" 6176: 6128:"Deadly flash floods hit Egypt's Alexandria" 6036: 6034: 5795: 5700:. Leiden and Boston: Brill. pp. 50–52. 5070: 3846: 3506:. Other notable mosques in the city include 3200: 3012:) completed it, at a total cost of 800 2837:) rose. This point is very near the present 1595:from British naval forces and was occupied. 1106: 859:, the largest in the ancient world; and the 43: 11239:Historic Jewish communities in North Africa 11169:Ancient Greek archaeological sites in Egypt 6902: 6003: 6001: 4426:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 3349:made tentative researches on behalf of the 1061: 11174:Populated places in Alexandria Governorate 10970: 10956: 10568: 10554: 10163: 10149: 9783: 9769: 9393: 9379: 7978: 7964: 6893: 6475: 5735: 5253: 4538:Other less popular sports like tennis and 4018:The city's principal airport is currently 3557:Saint Catherine's Latin Catholic Cathedral 1750:. The city's climate is influenced by the 1572:, which fell to them on 2 September 1801. 7693:, Periplus Publishing Ltd., London 1998, 7179: 7118: 6704: 6548:Archaeologist, Franck Goddio-Underwater. 6547: 6409: 6399: 6031: 5492: 4446:Learn how and when to remove this message 3814:, after which negative reactions towards 3465:Learn how and when to remove this message 3328:Learn how and when to remove this message 3120:, possibly in memory of the rebellion of 2755:Learn how and when to remove this message 1518:navigators discovered a new sea route to 7691:Alexandria, the submerged royal quarters 7389: 7343:. eThekwini Municipality. Archived from 7253:(in Italian). Catania Up. 15 July 2019. 6554:Franck Goddio - Underwater Archaeologist 5998: 5768: 5112:"Alexandria between Antiquity and Islam" 4617: 4381: 4365: 4211: 4170: 4105: 4047: 4007: 3917: 3896:Alexandria Institute of Technology (AIT) 3850: 3799: 3551: 3541: 3498:The most famous mosque in Alexandria is 3487: 3234: 3210: 3180: 3136: 3057: 2847: 2809: 2694: 2609:Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5 1624: 1578: 1544: 1490:Alexandria in the late 18th century, by 1485: 1372: 1235: 10575: 7573:"Международные и межрегиональные связи" 7367:"Sister Cities & Affiliated Cities" 6894:Kokkinidis, Tasos (22 September 2023). 6550:"The sunken ancient port of Alexandria" 5693: 5649: 5466: 5443: 5223: 5221: 5219: 5217: 5064: 5031: 3760:Armenian Catholic Eparchy of Alexandria 1568:on 21 March 1801, following which they 1526:in 1517, the city was conquered by the 1258:continued the expansion. The architect 742:largest city on the Mediterranean coast 732:: Ⲣⲁⲕⲟϯ - Rakoti or ⲁⲗⲉⲝⲁⲛⲇⲣⲓⲁ) is the 11151: 7862:Oxford Centre for Maritime Archaeology 7858:Alexandria and the North-Western Delta 7613:from the original on 19 September 2020 6318: 5956:from the original on 22 September 2018 5799:The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World 5632: 5109: 4901: 4889: 4855: 4502:with key players. The city hosted the 4344:Other museums in the city include the 3764:Armenian Catholic Patriarch of Cilicia 3680:in Mansheya, Church of the Dormition, 3547:Saint Mark's Coptic Orthodox Cathedral 11209:Cities founded by Alexander the Great 10951: 10549: 10144: 9764: 9374: 7959: 7489:(in Ukrainian). Odesa. Archived from 7092: 7036: 7018:from the original on 11 November 2019 6306:from the original on 22 December 2021 6280:from the original on 22 December 2021 6250:from the original on 22 December 2021 6220:from the original on 22 December 2021 6190:from the original on 5 September 2015 6009:"Alexandria Nouzha Normals 1991–2020" 5894:from the original on 13 November 2012 5731: 5729: 5540: 5330: 5303: 5202:from the original on 18 November 2021 4836: 3230: 2503:(humidity, dew point, sun 1961–1990) 1296:work. Inheriting the trade of ruined 744:. It lies at the western edge of the 11199:Populated places along the Silk Road 7851:A Travel Guide to Ancient Alexandria 7756:(1922) (reprint ed. M. Allott, 2004) 7523:from the original on 24 October 2020 7437:from the original on 23 October 2020 7407:from the original on 24 October 2020 7317:from the original on 21 October 2020 7257:from the original on 22 October 2020 7227:from the original on 22 October 2020 7217:"Partner (twin) towns of Bratislava" 7197:from the original on 26 October 2020 7158: 7061: 6980: 6705:Blakemore, Erin (28 February 2019). 6659:from the original on 6 February 2016 6138:from the original on 12 October 2016 5986:from the original on 22 January 2022 5912: 5714:from the original on 4 February 2020 5214: 5130:from the original on 8 February 2021 4424:adding citations to reliable sources 4391: 3447:adding citations to reliable sources 3418: 3414: 3310:adding citations to reliable sources 3281: 3270:. It was built on an area of 17,550 2922:of the Sea God, close to the theater 2737:adding citations to reliable sources 2708: 7643:from the original on 2 October 2021 7583:from the original on 5 January 2018 6476:Michaelson, Ruth (25 August 2018). 6354:from the original on 5 January 2014 4348:, the Museum of Fine Arts, and the 3600:Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria 1810:) 1991–2020, extremes 1957–present 1107: 903:Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria 715: 534: 490:1,661 km (641 sq mi) 44: 13: 7676: 7377:from the original on 9 August 2020 6803:from the original on 18 March 2007 6646: 6616:from the original on 30 April 2009 5836:"Silk Roads Programme: Alexandria" 5726: 5675:from the original on 18 April 2021 5110:Fowden, Garth (26 February 2019). 5091:from the original on 18 April 2021 5052:from the original on 18 April 2021 4093:Mehwar El Ta'meer – (Alexandria – 4013:Borg El Arab International Airport 3966:El Manar Language School for Girls 3748:titular Patriarchate of Alexandria 3401:(Roman) and Ras El Tin (painted). 3268:Seven Wonders of the Ancient World 3053: 1591:In July 1882, the city came under 853:Seven Wonders of the Ancient World 843:Alexandria was best known for the 815:ninth-largest urban area in Africa 366: 333: 14: 11250: 11179:Populated coastal places in Egypt 9401:Districts & Neighborhoods in 7882: 7287:from the original on 15 June 2015 7074:from the original on 25 July 2020 6529:. IPCC. August 2021. p. TS14 6164:from the original on 15 June 2013 6108:from the original on 23 June 2012 5943: 5816:from the original on 2 March 2021 5412:from the original on 18 July 2021 5241:from the original on 9 March 2017 5032:Fideler, David (1 January 1993). 5020:from the original on 25 July 2020 4990:from the original on 11 June 2015 4788:List of cities and towns in Egypt 4778:History of the Jews in Alexandria 3974:Deutsche Schule der Borromärinnen 3116:, having been erected in 293 for 2690: 2598: 2508:Source 2: Meteo Climat (records) 1673:Alexandria, 14 kisms (contiguous) 1549:Map of the city in the 1780s, by 1366:. The violence was quelled after 1327:, which faced destruction during 1251:After Alexander's departure, his 11010: 10936: 10920: 10905: 10890: 10875: 10860: 10845: 10830: 10815: 10800: 10785: 10770: 10755: 10740: 10725: 10710: 10695: 10680: 10665: 10650: 10635: 10620: 10605: 10590: 9363:Capital cities are in bold font. 7754:Alexandria A History and a Guide 7625: 7595: 7553:from the original on 21 May 2020 7193:. Baltimore Sister Cities, Inc. 7119:Kampouris, Nick (4 March 2019). 6082:from the original on 29 May 2010 5769:McGregor, Richard J. A. (2004). 5509:from the original on 10 May 2022 4752: 4396: 4308: 4294: 4280: 3954:Egyptian English Language School 3423: 3286: 2713: 2516:Alexandria mean sea temperature 1710:(Köppen climate classification: 1199:one of his many city foundations 865:Seven Wonders of the Middle Ages 635: 365: 358: 332: 325: 284: 274: 252: 236: 222: 206: 192: 175: 11189:Roman towns and cities in Egypt 7898:"Greek Community of Alexandria" 7733:Alexandrie. Histoire d'un mythe 7639:. Thessaloniki. 25 April 2018. 7565: 7535: 7505: 7475: 7463:(in Serbian). 21 September 2021 7449: 7419: 7359: 7329: 7299: 7269: 7239: 7209: 7152: 7138: 7112: 7093:Marie, Mustafa (28 June 2022). 7086: 7055: 7030: 7000: 6974: 6950: 6887: 6862: 6843: 6829: 6815: 6785: 6761: 6747: 6721: 6698: 6671: 6640: 6628: 6602: 6590: 6578: 6569: 6560: 6541: 6514: 6497: 6469: 6448: 6426: 6366: 6292: 6262: 6232: 6202: 6150: 6120: 6094: 6064: 5968: 5937: 5906: 5880: 5853: 5828: 5789: 5762: 5687: 5643: 5626: 5613: 5571: 5534: 5525: 5437: 5424: 5324: 5297: 5273: 5184: 4555:Alexandria Sporting Club – in " 3900:Pharos University in Alexandria 3537: 3434:needs additional citations for 3297:needs additional citations for 3256:Al-Ashraf Sayf al-Din Qa'it Bay 3112:, as it has nothing to do with 2944:, by which stood the two great 2724:needs additional citations for 2514: 1125:For a chronological guide, see 1040:, also referred to the city as 882:The city was a major centre of 9792:Governorates capitals of Egypt 7856:D. Robinson, A. Wilson (eds), 7549:. City Council of Port Louis. 7062:Long, Tony (16 October 2009). 6958:"A new gateway for Alexandria" 5946:"It is in the Nile delta area" 5467:Erskine, Andrew (April 1995). 5103: 5002: 4976: 4959: 4945: 4863: 4820: 4542:are usually played in private 4288:The Alexandria National Museum 3528:2011–12 parliamentary election 3518:Alexandria is the base of the 3176: 1424: 1385:, and 2: reverse of a coin of 1209:, Alexander wanted to build a 1132: 1: 11164:Governorate capitals in Egypt 7373:. Incheon Metropolitan City. 7012:Middle East Construction News 6981:Tawy, Ayat Al (17 May 2017). 5621:Journal of Structural Geology 5010:"Travel in Egypt: Alexandria" 4913: 3905:In September 2023, The Greek 3758:, and the nominal see of the 3643:Saint Takla Haymanot's Church 3484:List of mosques in Alexandria 3277: 3037:cities ever built before the 2940:Behind the Emporium rose the 2829:Two main streets, lined with 1806:Climate data for Alexandria ( 1720:Köppen climate classification 1583:Bombardment of Alexandria by 1241: 749: 7812:Alexandrie entre deux mondes 7659: 6823:"Islamic gems of Alexandria" 6769:"Colossal head of Caesarion" 6401:10.1371/journal.pone.0217592 5919:Middle East History Database 5434:: Vol. 10: Iss. 1, Article 8 5367:Geophysical Research Letters 5281:Journal of Roman Archaeology 4878: 4847: 4614:Twin towns and sister cities 4207: 4183:in the west and ends in the 4081:Cairo–Alexandria desert road 4069:International Coastal Road ( 3998: 3950:British School of Alexandria 3887:American University in Cairo 3841: 3500:Abu al-Abbas al-Mursi Mosque 3493:Abu al-Abbas al-Mursi Mosque 3374:. It raised a noted head of 3103:obelisk erecting experiments 3044: 2866: 2782: 2684:marine ice sheet instability 2632:IPCC Sixth Assessment Report 1620: 1467:In reference to Alexandria, 1286: 1193: 1162: 1097:, from to ; and the suffix 1043:Alexándreia hḗ prós Aígypton 1042: 1023:Alexándreia hḗ kat' Aígypton 1022: 1009: 826:Roman and Eastern Roman rule 811:ninth-largest city in Africa 230:Abu al-Abbas al-Mursi Mosque 145: 128: 85: 7: 11184:Metropolitan areas of Egypt 7920:American Center of Research 7519:. Alexandria. 13 May 2020. 7277:"Cleveland's Sister Cities" 6925:, 9780231114271. Start: p. 6757:– via livestream.com. 6566:Rostovtzeff 1941: (1138–39) 6436:. Current vs. future cities 5888:"Bombardment of Alexandria" 5862:"The History of Alexandria" 5657:. In Petry, Carl F. (ed.). 4986:. Collins Dictionary. n.d. 4838:[al.ʔiskanˈdarijja] 4828: 4745: 4472:2006 African Cup of Nations 4355: 4063: 4003: 3946:Forsan International School 3923:Lycée Français d'Alexandrie 3785:and Coptic Orthodox rites. 3672:Church, Taxiarchon Church, 3652:churches in Alexandria are 3215:Side view of The Temple of 3142:Catacombs of Kom El Shoqafa 3133:Catacombs of Kom El Shoqafa 3077:, is one of the best-known 2611:, a "moderate" scenario of 2283:Average precipitation days 2069:Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 1929:Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 1613:that led to an outburst of 1339:and Jewish. By the time of 1262:designed the city, using a 1049:Ἀλεξάνδρεια ἡ πρός Αἴγυπτον 1029:Ἀλεξάνδρεια ἡ κατ' Αἴγυπτον 914:and the lucrative trade in 897:. In the modern world, the 861:Catacombs of Kom El Shoqafa 519:3,670/km (9,500/sq mi) 70: 21:Alexandria (disambiguation) 10: 11255: 11062:Alexandria in the Caucasus 8427:Kafr El Sheikh Governorate 7910:Map of Alexandria, ca.1930 7876:The Roads that Led to Rome 7803:R. Ilbert, I. Yannakakis, 7785:Alexandria: City of Memory 7718:"Alexandria (Egypt)" 7705:The Arab Conquest of Egypt 7403:(in Bulgarian). Kazanlak. 7313:(in Romanian). Constanța. 6837:"The School of Alexandria" 5636:The Arab Conquest Of Egypt 5633:Butler, Alfred J. (1902). 5074:Alexandria: City of Memory 4625: 4573:Al Ittihad Alexandria Club 4326:Alexandria National Museum 4271: 4202: 4164: 4155:Egyptian National Railways 4151:Sidi Gaber railway station 4041: 3913: 3795: 3735:has jurisdiction over all 3481: 3204: 3006:Seven Wonders of the World 2603:A 2019 paper published in 2507: 2498: 1805: 1701: 1312:from diverse backgrounds. 1187: 1181:Alexandria was founded by 1124: 1118: 1114: 1048: 1028: 1013:), the Hellenised form of 998: 929: 891:Patriarchate of Alexandria 889:and was the centre of the 724: 529:Alexandrian, Alexandrine ( 309:Pearl of the Mediterranean 137: 120: 101: 18: 11125: 11019: 11008: 10989: 10934: 10583: 10397: 10291: 10210: 10179: 9798: 9742: 9724: 9701: 9675: 9642: 9584: 9468: 9437: 9409: 9361: 9305: 9253: 9197: 9133: 9093: 9057: 8989: 8913: 8873: 8829: 8781: 8745: 8729: 8693: 8673: 8581: 8529: 8485: 8425: 8337: 8281: 8237: 8161: 8137: 8073: 8009: 7993: 7987:Cities and towns in Egypt 7944: 7935: 7927: 7191:baltimoresistercities.org 7187:"Baltimore Sister Cities" 7159:Hong, Fan (5 July 2017). 6915:Columbia University Press 6684:. Yale University Press. 6328:(in French). Meteo Climat 5824:– via Google Books. 5602:"Res Gestae", 26.10.15–19 5485:10.1017/S0017383500025213 5331:Cohen, Getzel M. (1995). 5304:Chugg, Andrew M. (2024). 5077:. Yale University Press. 4783:Cultural tourism in Egypt 4377: 3847:Colleges and universities 3773:The Saint Mark Church in 3694:Saint Joseph of Arimathea 3676:Church, Cathedral of the 3530:, supports the president 3201:Temple of Taposiris Magna 2934:The Apostases (Magazines) 2451: 2377: 2329: 2282: 2208: 2138: 2068: 1998: 1928: 1858: 1853: 1850: 1847: 1844: 1841: 1838: 1835: 1832: 1829: 1826: 1823: 1820: 1817: 1814: 1655: 1650: 1647: 1644: 1319:, a Greek version of the 1085:was re-analysed into the 616: 606: 596: 580: 563: 546: 541: 523: 515: 507: 502: 494: 486: 481: 473: 468: 458: 450: 438: 426: 391: 319: 298: 270: 169: 160: 135: 118: 77: 62: 33: 11234:Former capitals of Egypt 7771:Egypt's Sunken Treasures 7609:(in Chinese). Shanghai. 7431:limassolmunicipal.com.cy 7041:. Springer. p. 12. 6943:26 February 2020 at the 6856:24 December 2010 at the 5310:. Taylor & Francis. 4813: 4532:Harras El Hodoud Stadium 4496:Alexandria Sporting Club 4482:won. Sea sports such as 4190: 4160: 3986: 3836:Eliyahu Hanavi Synagogue 3805:Eliyahu Hanavi Synagogue 3477: 3264:Lighthouse of Alexandria 2592:20 °C (68 °F) 2589:22 °C (72 °F) 2586:25 °C (77 °F) 2583:26 °C (79 °F) 2580:26 °C (79 °F) 2577:25 °C (77 °F) 2574:23 °C (73 °F) 2571:20 °C (68 °F) 2568:18 °C (64 °F) 2565:17 °C (63 °F) 2562:17 °C (63 °F) 2559:18 °C (64 °F) 1454:Muslim conquest of Egypt 1379:Lighthouse of Alexandria 1201:. After he captured the 1077:in AD 641, the name was 845:Lighthouse of Alexandria 830:Muslim conquest of Egypt 477:Ahmed Khaled Hassan Said 11067:Alexandria on the Indus 9438:Second Montaza district 8983:Al Madinah Al Fikriyyah 8783:South Sinai Governorate 8747:North Sinai Governorate 7747:Alexandria Rediscovered 7724:Encyclopædia Britannica 6932:28 January 2020 at the 6612:. PBS. 27 August 1999. 6076:Encyclopædia Britannica 5694:Bruning, Jelle (2018). 4857:[eskendeˈɾejjæ] 4826:Standard romanisation: 4803:Alexandria on the Indus 4597:Alexandria Country club 4500:country's national team 4478:in January 2006, which 4266:Bibliotheca Alexandrina 4218:Bibliotheca Alexandrina 4114:Alexandria's intracity 4101: 4037: 3625:'s Church in Sporting, 3602:. In the 19th century, 3266:, which was one of the 3108:"Pompey's Pillar" is a 3010:Ptolemy II Philadelphus 2948:which became known as " 2931:The Emporium (Exchange) 2817:by L. F. Cassas of the 1761:Alexandria experiences 921: 795:second-largest in Egypt 791:northern coast of Egypt 763:, eventually replacing 214:Bibliotheca Alexandrina 11219:330s BC establishments 11138:Alexandropolis Maedica 11072:Alexandria Prophthasia 9743:Second Amreya district 9411:First Montaza district 9059:New Valley Governorate 8595:10th of Ramadan (city) 8139:Alexandria Governorate 8095:El Qanater El Khayreya 7853:, Lucent Books. (2003) 7799:Alexandria Illustrated 4903:[alekˈsandria] 4891:[aleksándreːa] 4623: 4476:African Cup of Nations 4389: 4374: 4361:Alexandria Opera House 4220: 4176: 4130:. The commuter line's 4111: 4053: 4015: 3970:El Nasr Girls' College 3958:Schutz American School 3942:Forsan American School 3925: 3871:Faculty of Engineering 3858: 3807: 3745:Melkite Greek Catholic 3726:Saint Alexander Nevsky 3656:Church, Church of the 3633:Church in Sidi Bishr, 3596:Coptic Orthodox Church 3559: 3549: 3495: 3351:Egypt Exploration Fund 3240: 3219: 3186: 3144: 3075:Roman triumphal column 3066: 2989:Serapeum of Alexandria 2925:The Timonium built by 2857: 2826: 2706: 2621:Climate Action Tracker 1728:Egypt's northern coast 1632: 1588: 1553: 1494: 1471:speaks of a number of 1452:invaded it during the 1390: 1248: 1127:Timeline of Alexandria 1063:Alexandrēa ad Aegyptum 1062: 1056:, the city's name was 899:Coptic Orthodox Church 11092:Laodicea in Phoenicia 9726:First Amreya district 8831:Beni Suef Governorate 8675:Port Said Governorate 8399:El Matareya, Dakahlia 7769:, David Fabre (eds), 7713:Hogarth, David George 7543:"International links" 7397:"Побратимени градове" 7311:primaria-constanta.ro 7283:. City of Cleveland. 7037:Raven, James (2004). 6852:, (20 December 2010) 6799:. 24 September 2000. 6456:"The CAT Thermometer" 6102:"Egypt Climate Index" 5607:17 March 2008 at the 5577:Philo of Alexandria, 5432:Constructing the Past 5229:"The Lighthouse Dims" 5071:Michael Haag (2004). 4953:"Alexandria Governor" 4621: 4608:Cross Egypt Challenge 4604:Cross Egypt Challenge 4464:multi-purpose stadium 4385: 4369: 4225:Library of Alexandria 4215: 4174: 4109: 4051: 4011: 3921: 3863:Alexandria University 3854: 3834:in Alexandria is the 3812:1948 Arab–Israeli War 3803: 3777:, founded as part of 3716:Cathedral in Ramleh, 3621:Church in Cleopatra, 3555: 3545: 3491: 3238: 3214: 3207:Abusir (Lake Mariout) 3184: 3169:, burial niches, and 3140: 3061: 3039:Industrial Revolution 3027:Great Pyramid of Giza 2995:'s siege of the city. 2851: 2813: 2704:Alexander Sarcophagus 2698: 2607:estimated that under 1765:, rain and sometimes 1628: 1582: 1551:Louis-François Cassas 1548: 1489: 1376: 1325:Library of Alexandria 1239: 1121:History of Alexandria 1071:capture of Alexandria 836:(later absorbed into 761:Hellenic civilisation 582: • Summer ( 498:5 m (16 ft) 474: • Governor 411:31.19750°N 29.89250°E 11047:Alexandria Arachosia 8695:Ismailia Governorate 8635:El Salheya El Gedida 8339:Dakahlia Governorate 8283:Damietta Governorate 8075:Qalyubia Governorate 8055:Manshiyat al Qanater 7916:Photos of Alexandria 7805:Alexandrie 1860–1960 7761:Ptolemaic Alexandria 7684:Alexandrie la Grande 7347:on 11 September 2019 7281:city.cleveland.oh.us 7014:. 10 November 2019. 6970:on 4 September 2009. 6717:on 23 February 2021. 6326:"Station Alexandrie" 6302:. 20 December 2021. 6276:. 20 December 2021. 6216:. 21 December 2021. 5598:Ammianus Marcellinus 5387:10.1029/2006GL025824 5290:11 June 2018 at the 5237:. 23 December 2014. 5038:. Red Wheel/Weiser. 4967:"GDP BY GOVERNORATE" 4594:Lagoon Resort Courts 4563:Smouha Sporting Club 4524:Borg El Arab Stadium 4509:Alexandria has four 4420:improve this section 4350:Royal Jewelry Museum 4316:Royal Jewelry Museum 4195:Construction of the 4138:, as opposed to the 4110:Misr Railway Station 4031:Borg El Arab Airport 4020:Borg El Arab Airport 3907:University of Patras 3615:Saint Mark Cathedral 3584:Council of Chalcedon 3580:Church of Alexandria 3532:Abdel Fattah el-Sisi 3443:improve this article 3306:improve this article 3002:The Great Lighthouse 2733:improve this article 1859:Record high °C (°F) 1726:). Like the rest of 1585:British naval forces 1566:Battle of Alexandria 1419:365 Crete earthquake 1260:Dinocrates of Rhodes 1240:Plan of Alexandria ( 895:Eastern Roman Empire 516: • Density 11133:Antigonia (Paeonia) 10577:World Book Capitals 10248:El Mahalla El Kubra 9095:Red Sea Governorate 8855:Heracleopolis Magna 8583:Sharqia Governorate 8531:Monufia Governorate 8499:El Mahalla El Kubra 8487:Gharbia Governorate 8239:Matrouh Governorate 8163:Beheira Governorate 8023:6th of October City 6711:National Geographic 6392:2019PLoSO..1417592B 6184:"Alexandria, Egypt" 6042:"Alexandria/Nouzha" 5736:Ibn Batuta (2009). 5584:10 May 2022 at the 5379:2006GeoRL..33.6409V 5116:Millennium Jahrbuch 4338:Graeco-Roman Museum 4302:Graeco-Roman Museum 4233:Ptolemy II of Egypt 4167:Trams in Alexandria 3873:. In addition, the 3867:Faculty of Medicine 3692:Church in Fleming, 3664:Church, Archangels 3648:The most important 3510:mosque in Somouha, 3122:Domitius Domitianus 2950:Cleopatra's Needles 2909:battle of Pharsalus 2854:Cleopatra's Needles 2852:One of the pair of 2702:Army, shown on the 2517: 2139:Record low °C (°F) 1999:Daily mean °C (°F) 1562:expedition to Egypt 1530:and remained under 1462:Utba ibn Abi Sufyan 1429:In 619, Alexandria 1401:and his architect, 1364:Alexandrian pogroms 1352:Philo of Alexandria 1333:siege of Alexandria 1185:in April 331 BC as 1183:Alexander the Great 1054:Roman rule in Egypt 803:fourth-largest city 757:Alexander the Great 463:Alexander the Great 407: / 379:Alexandria (Africa) 28:Metropolis in Egypt 11057:Alexandria Eschate 10180:1,000,000 and more 9644:El Gomrok district 8875:Faiyum Governorate 7221:bratislava-city.sk 7148:. 14 October 2023. 6350:. Weather2Travel. 6104:. Climate Charts. 5266:, eds. 1926–1953. 5166:. Viking. p. 5124:10.17863/CAM.37202 5016:. 10 August 2016. 4624: 4583:Haras El Hodoud SC 4519:Alexandria Stadium 4460:Alexandria Stadium 4390: 4387:Alexandria Stadium 4375: 4221: 4177: 4175:An Alexandria tram 4126:, parallel to the 4112: 4054: 4016: 3935:Collège Saint Marc 3926: 3891:Université Senghor 3859: 3856:Collège Saint Marc 3808: 3779:Collège Saint Marc 3704:Chapel in Ramleh, 3560: 3550: 3496: 3244:Citadel of Qaitbay 3241: 3239:Citadel of Qaitbay 3231:Citadel of Qaitbay 3220: 3187: 3145: 3067: 2870:("seven stadia"—a 2858: 2827: 2707: 2515: 1716:hot desert climate 1708:hot steppe climate 1633: 1604:Gamal Abdel Nasser 1589: 1554: 1524:Battle of Ridaniya 1495: 1477:Abu Abbas El Mursi 1391: 1249: 1138:Radiocarbon dating 547: • Metro 508: • Total 487: • Total 416:31.19750; 29.89250 382:Show map of Africa 200:Citadel of Qaitbay 11146: 11145: 11052:Alexandria Ariana 11002:Ptolemais Hermiou 10945: 10944: 10543: 10542: 10138: 10137: 10131: 10119: 10107: 10095: 10083: 10071: 10059: 10047: 10035: 10023: 10011: 9999: 9987: 9975: 9963: 9951: 9939: 9927: 9915: 9903: 9891: 9879: 9867: 9855: 9843: 9831: 9819: 9804: 9758: 9757: 9703:El Agami district 9368: 9367: 9307:Aswan Governorate 9255:Luxor Governorate 9167:Ptolemais Hermiou 9135:Sohag Governorate 8991:Asyut Governorate 8915:Minya Governorate 8123:Shibin El Qanater 8027:Sheikh Zayed City 7995:Cairo Governorate 7954: 7953: 7945:Succeeded by 7874:V. W. Von Hagen, 7870:978-1-905905-14-0 7845:978-0-300-17264-5 7837:978-0-7195-6707-0 7779:978-3-7913-3970-2 7517:alexandria.gov.eg 7483:"Міста-побратими" 7307:"Orașe înfrățite" 6691:978-0-300-11555-0 6505:Chapter 9: Africa 6274:Egypt Independent 6052:on 1 October 2023 6019:on 1 October 2023 5980:citypopulation.de 5976:"AL-ISKANDARIYAH" 5950:maps of the world 5925:on 5 January 2010 5782:978-0-7914-6011-5 5707:978-90-04-36635-0 5473:Greece & Rome 5344:978-0-520-08329-5 5317:978-1-04-000272-8 5177:978-0-14-311251-8 5084:978-0-300-10415-8 5045:978-0-933999-97-8 4932:citypopulation.de 4808:Alexandrian Kings 4456: 4455: 4448: 4227:, in Alexandria, 4185:Victoria district 4140:overhead-electric 4027:El Nouzha Airport 3754:, which uses the 3508:Ali ibn Abi Talib 3475: 3474: 3467: 3415:Places of worship 3338: 3337: 3330: 3225:Pharos Lighthouse 3167:religious symbols 3079:ancient monuments 2765: 2764: 2757: 2596: 2595: 2512: 2511: 2332:relative humidity 1808:El Nouzha Airport 1752:Mediterranean Sea 1706:Alexandria has a 1698: 1689: 1688: 1570:besieged the city 1540:Mahmoudiyah Canal 1481:al-Nasir Muhammad 1443:Byzantine emperor 1435:Sassanid Persians 1245: 30 BC 1146:Rameses the Great 1007: 987: 986: 958: 957: 954: 953: 908:shipping industry 767:, in present-day 628: 627: 622:alexandria.gov.eg 349:Show map of Egypt 346:Location in Egypt 152: 151: 92: 91: 11246: 11087:Laodicea Paralos 11014: 10972: 10965: 10958: 10949: 10948: 10940: 10929: 10925: 10924: 10914: 10910: 10909: 10899: 10895: 10894: 10884: 10880: 10879: 10869: 10865: 10864: 10854: 10850: 10849: 10839: 10835: 10834: 10824: 10820: 10819: 10809: 10805: 10804: 10794: 10790: 10789: 10779: 10775: 10774: 10764: 10760: 10759: 10749: 10745: 10744: 10734: 10730: 10729: 10719: 10715: 10714: 10704: 10700: 10699: 10689: 10685: 10684: 10674: 10670: 10669: 10659: 10655: 10654: 10644: 10640: 10639: 10629: 10625: 10624: 10614: 10610: 10609: 10599: 10595: 10594: 10570: 10563: 10556: 10547: 10546: 10364:New Borg El Arab 10202:Shubra El Kheima 10165: 10158: 10151: 10142: 10141: 10125: 10113: 10101: 10089: 10077: 10065: 10053: 10041: 10029: 10017: 10005: 9993: 9981: 9969: 9957: 9945: 9933: 9921: 9909: 9897: 9885: 9873: 9861: 9849: 9837: 9825: 9813: 9803: 9800: 9785: 9778: 9771: 9762: 9761: 9676:Western district 9586:Central district 9469:Eastern district 9395: 9388: 9381: 9372: 9371: 9199:Qena Governorate 9011:Dayrut al-Sharif 8907:Yousef El Seddik 8731:Suez Governorate 8663:Minshat Abu Omar 8607:Mashtool El Souk 8155:New Borg El Arab 8091:Shubra El Kheima 8011:Giza Governorate 7980: 7973: 7966: 7957: 7956: 7942:331 BC – AD 641 7938:Capital of Egypt 7928:Preceded by 7925: 7924: 7901: 7893: 7745:J.-Y. Empereur, 7728: 7720: 7707:(2nd. ed., 1978) 7653: 7652: 7650: 7648: 7629: 7623: 7622: 7620: 7618: 7599: 7593: 7592: 7590: 7588: 7569: 7563: 7562: 7560: 7558: 7539: 7533: 7532: 7530: 7528: 7509: 7503: 7502: 7500: 7498: 7479: 7473: 7472: 7470: 7468: 7453: 7447: 7446: 7444: 7442: 7427:"Twinned Cities" 7423: 7417: 7416: 7414: 7412: 7393: 7387: 7386: 7384: 7382: 7363: 7357: 7356: 7354: 7352: 7333: 7327: 7326: 7324: 7322: 7303: 7297: 7296: 7294: 7292: 7273: 7267: 7266: 7264: 7262: 7243: 7237: 7236: 7234: 7232: 7213: 7207: 7206: 7204: 7202: 7183: 7177: 7176: 7156: 7150: 7149: 7142: 7136: 7135: 7133: 7131: 7116: 7110: 7109: 7107: 7105: 7090: 7084: 7083: 7081: 7079: 7059: 7053: 7052: 7034: 7028: 7027: 7025: 7023: 7004: 6998: 6997: 6995: 6993: 6978: 6972: 6971: 6966:. Archived from 6954: 6948: 6906: 6900: 6899: 6891: 6885: 6884: 6882: 6880: 6866: 6860: 6847: 6841: 6840: 6833: 6827: 6826: 6819: 6813: 6812: 6810: 6808: 6789: 6783: 6782: 6780: 6778: 6773: 6765: 6759: 6758: 6751: 6745: 6744: 6742: 6740: 6731:. Archived from 6725: 6719: 6718: 6713:. Archived from 6702: 6696: 6695: 6675: 6669: 6668: 6666: 6664: 6653:lonelyplanet.com 6647:Planet, Lonely. 6644: 6638: 6632: 6626: 6625: 6623: 6621: 6606: 6600: 6594: 6588: 6582: 6576: 6573: 6567: 6564: 6558: 6557: 6545: 6539: 6538: 6536: 6534: 6528: 6518: 6512: 6501: 6495: 6494: 6492: 6490: 6473: 6467: 6466: 6464: 6462: 6452: 6446: 6445: 6443: 6441: 6430: 6424: 6423: 6413: 6403: 6370: 6364: 6363: 6361: 6359: 6344: 6338: 6337: 6335: 6333: 6322: 6316: 6315: 6313: 6311: 6296: 6290: 6289: 6287: 6285: 6266: 6260: 6259: 6257: 6255: 6244:www.gulftoday.ae 6236: 6230: 6229: 6227: 6225: 6206: 6200: 6199: 6197: 6195: 6186:. Voodoo Skies. 6180: 6174: 6173: 6171: 6169: 6160:. Tutiempo.net. 6154: 6148: 6147: 6145: 6143: 6124: 6118: 6117: 6115: 6113: 6098: 6092: 6091: 6089: 6087: 6068: 6062: 6061: 6059: 6057: 6038: 6029: 6028: 6026: 6024: 6005: 5996: 5995: 5993: 5991: 5972: 5966: 5965: 5963: 5961: 5941: 5935: 5934: 5932: 5930: 5921:. Archived from 5910: 5904: 5903: 5901: 5899: 5884: 5878: 5877: 5875: 5873: 5864:. Archived from 5857: 5851: 5850: 5848: 5846: 5832: 5826: 5825: 5823: 5821: 5793: 5787: 5786: 5766: 5760: 5759: 5733: 5724: 5723: 5721: 5719: 5691: 5685: 5684: 5682: 5680: 5647: 5641: 5640: 5630: 5624: 5617: 5611: 5595: 5589: 5575: 5569: 5568: 5538: 5532: 5529: 5523: 5522: 5516: 5514: 5496: 5464: 5458: 5457: 5441: 5435: 5428: 5422: 5421: 5419: 5417: 5411: 5364: 5355: 5349: 5348: 5328: 5322: 5321: 5301: 5295: 5277: 5271: 5257: 5251: 5250: 5248: 5246: 5225: 5212: 5211: 5209: 5207: 5188: 5182: 5181: 5165: 5155: 5140: 5139: 5137: 5135: 5107: 5101: 5100: 5098: 5096: 5068: 5062: 5061: 5059: 5057: 5029: 5027: 5025: 5006: 5000: 4999: 4997: 4995: 4980: 4974: 4973: 4963: 4957: 4956: 4949: 4943: 4942: 4940: 4938: 4924: 4907: 4905: 4900: 4893: 4888: 4881: 4867: 4861: 4859: 4854: 4850: 4840: 4835: 4831: 4829:al-’Iskandariyya 4824: 4768:Alexandria Radio 4762: 4757: 4756: 4755: 4726:Saint Petersburg 4451: 4444: 4440: 4437: 4431: 4400: 4392: 4312: 4298: 4284: 4247:(from which the 4197:Alexandria Metro 4181:El Raml district 4025:From late 2011, 3962:Victoria College 3879:New Borg El Arab 3650:Eastern Orthodox 3520:Salafi movements 3470: 3463: 3459: 3456: 3450: 3427: 3419: 3386:Nearby, immense 3333: 3326: 3322: 3319: 3313: 3290: 3282: 3165:Romano-Egyptian 3159:spiral staircase 2980:with its famous 2869: 2785: 2760: 2753: 2749: 2746: 2740: 2717: 2709: 2518: 2286: 1803: 1802: 1692: 1642: 1641: 1615:Arab nationalism 1503:Mamluk Sultanate 1291: 1246: 1243: 1211:large Greek city 1203:Egyptian Satrapy 1196: 1190: 1189: 1165: 1110: 1109: 1087:definite article 1065: 1051: 1050: 1045: 1031: 1030: 1025: 1012: 1002: 1000: 934: 933: 930: 926: 925: 754: 751: 746:Nile River delta 727: 726: 717: 706: 702: 697: 696: 693: 692: 689: 686: 683: 678: 677: 674: 671: 668: 665: 662: 659: 656: 653: 650: 647: 644: 641: 624: 587: 536: 422: 421: 419: 418: 417: 412: 408: 405: 404: 403: 400: 383: 369: 368: 362: 350: 336: 335: 329: 299:Nicknames: 288: 278: 256: 240: 226: 210: 196: 179: 148: 140: 139: 131: 123: 122: 116: 115: 110: 104: 103: 88: 73: 60: 59: 54: 48: 47: 46: 31: 30: 11254: 11253: 11249: 11248: 11247: 11245: 11244: 11243: 11204:Cities in Egypt 11149: 11148: 11147: 11142: 11121: 11112:Seleucia Pieria 11015: 11006: 10985: 10976: 10946: 10941: 10932: 10919: 10917: 10904: 10902: 10889: 10887: 10874: 10872: 10859: 10857: 10844: 10842: 10829: 10827: 10814: 10812: 10799: 10797: 10784: 10782: 10769: 10767: 10754: 10752: 10739: 10737: 10724: 10722: 10709: 10707: 10694: 10692: 10679: 10677: 10664: 10662: 10649: 10647: 10634: 10632: 10619: 10617: 10604: 10602: 10589: 10587: 10579: 10574: 10544: 10539: 10525:Sharm El Sheikh 10515:Saint Catherine 10393: 10292:100,000–299,999 10287: 10211:300,000–999,999 10206: 10175: 10172:Egyptian cities 10169: 10139: 10134: 9801: 9794: 9789: 9759: 9754: 9738: 9720: 9697: 9671: 9638: 9609:Mahatet El Raml 9580: 9464: 9433: 9405: 9399: 9369: 9364: 9357: 9301: 9249: 9193: 9129: 9089: 9053: 8985: 8909: 8869: 8825: 8811:Saint Catherine 8795:Sharm El Sheikh 8777: 8741: 8725: 8689: 8669: 8577: 8525: 8481: 8479:Borg El Burulus 8421: 8415:Mahallat Damana 8387:Temay El Amdeed 8371:El Senbellawein 8333: 8323:Kafr El Battikh 8277: 8233: 8157: 8133: 8069: 8005: 7989: 7984: 7950: 7941: 7933: 7896: 7888: 7885: 7860:, Oxford 2010, 7827:Philip Mansel, 7818:Judith McKenzie 7752:E. M. Forster, 7731:P.-A. Claudel, 7679: 7677:Further reading 7662: 7657: 7656: 7646: 7644: 7637:thessaloniki.gr 7631: 7630: 7626: 7616: 7614: 7601: 7600: 7596: 7586: 7584: 7571: 7570: 7566: 7556: 7554: 7541: 7540: 7536: 7526: 7524: 7511: 7510: 7506: 7496: 7494: 7493:on 1 April 2019 7481: 7480: 7476: 7466: 7464: 7455: 7454: 7450: 7440: 7438: 7425: 7424: 7420: 7410: 7408: 7395: 7394: 7390: 7380: 7378: 7365: 7364: 7360: 7350: 7348: 7337:"Sister Cities" 7335: 7334: 7330: 7320: 7318: 7305: 7304: 7300: 7290: 7288: 7275: 7274: 7270: 7260: 7258: 7245: 7244: 7240: 7230: 7228: 7215: 7214: 7210: 7200: 7198: 7185: 7184: 7180: 7173: 7157: 7153: 7144: 7143: 7139: 7129: 7127: 7117: 7113: 7103: 7101: 7091: 7087: 7077: 7075: 7060: 7056: 7049: 7035: 7031: 7021: 7019: 7006: 7005: 7001: 6991: 6989: 6979: 6975: 6963:Al-Ahram Weekly 6956: 6955: 6951: 6945:Wayback Machine 6934:Wayback Machine 6907: 6903: 6892: 6888: 6878: 6876: 6868: 6867: 6863: 6858:Wayback Machine 6848: 6844: 6835: 6834: 6830: 6821: 6820: 6816: 6806: 6804: 6791: 6790: 6786: 6776: 6774: 6771: 6767: 6766: 6762: 6753: 6752: 6748: 6738: 6736: 6735:on 7 March 2010 6727: 6726: 6722: 6703: 6699: 6692: 6676: 6672: 6662: 6660: 6645: 6641: 6633: 6629: 6619: 6617: 6608: 6607: 6603: 6595: 6591: 6583: 6579: 6574: 6570: 6565: 6561: 6546: 6542: 6532: 6530: 6526: 6520: 6519: 6515: 6502: 6498: 6488: 6486: 6474: 6470: 6460: 6458: 6454: 6453: 6449: 6439: 6437: 6432: 6431: 6427: 6371: 6367: 6357: 6355: 6346: 6345: 6341: 6331: 6329: 6324: 6323: 6319: 6309: 6307: 6298: 6297: 6293: 6283: 6281: 6268: 6267: 6263: 6253: 6251: 6238: 6237: 6233: 6223: 6221: 6208: 6207: 6203: 6193: 6191: 6182: 6181: 6177: 6167: 6165: 6156: 6155: 6151: 6141: 6139: 6126: 6125: 6121: 6111: 6109: 6100: 6099: 6095: 6085: 6083: 6070: 6069: 6065: 6055: 6053: 6040: 6039: 6032: 6022: 6020: 6007: 6006: 5999: 5989: 5987: 5974: 5973: 5969: 5959: 5957: 5942: 5938: 5928: 5926: 5913:Thornton, Ted. 5911: 5907: 5897: 5895: 5886: 5885: 5881: 5871: 5869: 5860: 5858: 5854: 5844: 5842: 5834: 5833: 5829: 5819: 5817: 5810: 5794: 5790: 5783: 5767: 5763: 5748: 5734: 5727: 5717: 5715: 5708: 5692: 5688: 5678: 5676: 5669: 5648: 5644: 5631: 5627: 5618: 5614: 5609:Wayback Machine 5596: 5592: 5586:Wayback Machine 5579:Against Flaccus 5576: 5572: 5539: 5535: 5530: 5526: 5512: 5510: 5465: 5461: 5442: 5438: 5429: 5425: 5415: 5413: 5409: 5362: 5356: 5352: 5345: 5329: 5325: 5318: 5302: 5298: 5292:Wayback Machine 5278: 5274: 5258: 5254: 5244: 5242: 5227: 5226: 5215: 5205: 5203: 5190: 5189: 5185: 5178: 5156: 5143: 5133: 5131: 5108: 5104: 5094: 5092: 5085: 5069: 5065: 5055: 5053: 5046: 5023: 5021: 5008: 5007: 5003: 4993: 4991: 4982: 4981: 4977: 4965: 4964: 4960: 4951: 4950: 4946: 4936: 4934: 4926: 4925: 4921: 4916: 4911: 4910: 4895: 4883: 4868: 4864: 4852: 4833: 4825: 4821: 4816: 4758: 4753: 4751: 4748: 4743: 4668:, United States 4650:, United States 4630: 4616: 4600: 4536: 4528:El Krom Stadium 4466:in Alexandria, 4452: 4441: 4435: 4432: 4417: 4401: 4380: 4358: 4322: 4321: 4320: 4319: 4318: 4313: 4305: 4304: 4299: 4291: 4290: 4285: 4274: 4210: 4205: 4193: 4169: 4163: 4120:railway station 4104: 4073:– Alexandria – 4066: 4058:Alexandria Port 4052:Alexandria port 4046: 4044:Alexandria Port 4040: 4006: 4001: 3989: 3916: 3849: 3844: 3798: 3783:Coptic Catholic 3737:Latin Catholics 3720:Chapel and the 3710:Saint Paraskevi 3702:Saint Nektarios 3674:Saint Catherine 3654:Agioi Anárgyroi 3645:in Ibrahimeya. 3540: 3486: 3480: 3471: 3460: 3454: 3451: 3440: 3428: 3417: 3334: 3323: 3317: 3314: 3303: 3291: 3280: 3260:Eastern Harbour 3233: 3217:Taposiris Magna 3209: 3203: 3195:Roman-era baths 3179: 3135: 3071:Pompey's Pillar 3064:Pompey's Pillar 3056: 3054:Pompey's Pillar 3047: 2970:; site unknown. 2942:Great Caesareum 2864:and called the 2821:in Alexandria, 2761: 2750: 2744: 2741: 2730: 2718: 2693: 2601: 2513: 2446: 2441: 2436: 2431: 2426: 2421: 2416: 2411: 2406: 2401: 2396: 2391: 2386: 2284: 2277: 2272: 2267: 2262: 2257: 2252: 2247: 2242: 2237: 2232: 2227: 2222: 2217: 2203: 2198: 2193: 2188: 2183: 2178: 2173: 2168: 2163: 2158: 2153: 2148: 2143: 2133: 2128: 2123: 2118: 2113: 2108: 2103: 2098: 2093: 2088: 2083: 2078: 2073: 2063: 2058: 2053: 2048: 2043: 2038: 2033: 2028: 2023: 2018: 2013: 2008: 2003: 1993: 1988: 1983: 1978: 1973: 1968: 1963: 1958: 1953: 1948: 1943: 1938: 1933: 1923: 1918: 1913: 1908: 1903: 1898: 1893: 1888: 1883: 1878: 1873: 1868: 1863: 1704: 1695:Alexandria city 1659: 1657: 1652: 1623: 1450:'Amr ibn al-'As 1427: 1395:Diaspora revolt 1271:Ptolemy Lagides 1244: 1148:for trade with 1135: 1130: 1123: 1117: 967: 949: 948: 940: 938: 924: 916:Egyptian cotton 869:Hellenistic age 752: 704: 700: 680: 638: 634: 620: 602: 581: 554: 415: 413: 409: 406: 401: 398: 396: 394: 393: 387: 386: 385: 384: 381: 380: 377: 376: 375: 374: 370: 353: 352: 351: 348: 347: 344: 343: 342: 341: 337: 315: 294: 293: 292: 291: 282: 281: 266: 265: 264: 263: 262: 260:Pompey's Pillar 257: 248: 247: 246: 241: 233: 232: 227: 218: 217: 216: 211: 203: 202: 197: 188: 187: 186: 180: 165: 156: 155: 112: 111: 99: 95: 79:Egyptian Arabic 71:al-Iskandariyya 64:Standard Arabic 56: 55: 42: 41: 36: 29: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 11252: 11242: 11241: 11236: 11231: 11226: 11221: 11216: 11211: 11206: 11201: 11196: 11191: 11186: 11181: 11176: 11171: 11166: 11161: 11144: 11143: 11141: 11140: 11135: 11129: 11127: 11123: 11122: 11120: 11119: 11114: 11109: 11104: 11099: 11094: 11089: 11084: 11079: 11074: 11069: 11064: 11059: 11054: 11049: 11044: 11039: 11034: 11029: 11023: 11021: 11017: 11016: 11009: 11007: 11005: 11004: 10999: 10993: 10991: 10987: 10986: 10975: 10974: 10967: 10960: 10952: 10943: 10942: 10935: 10933: 10931: 10930: 10915: 10900: 10885: 10870: 10855: 10840: 10825: 10810: 10795: 10780: 10765: 10750: 10735: 10720: 10705: 10690: 10675: 10660: 10645: 10630: 10615: 10600: 10584: 10581: 10580: 10573: 10572: 10565: 10558: 10550: 10541: 10540: 10538: 10537: 10532: 10527: 10522: 10517: 10512: 10507: 10502: 10497: 10492: 10487: 10482: 10477: 10472: 10467: 10462: 10457: 10452: 10447: 10442: 10437: 10432: 10427: 10422: 10417: 10412: 10407: 10401: 10399: 10395: 10394: 10392: 10391: 10386: 10381: 10376: 10371: 10366: 10361: 10356: 10351: 10349:Kafr El Sheikh 10346: 10344:Kafr El Dawwar 10341: 10336: 10331: 10326: 10321: 10316: 10311: 10306: 10301: 10299:6th of October 10295: 10293: 10289: 10288: 10286: 10285: 10280: 10275: 10270: 10265: 10260: 10255: 10250: 10245: 10240: 10235: 10230: 10225: 10220: 10214: 10212: 10208: 10207: 10205: 10204: 10199: 10194: 10189: 10183: 10181: 10177: 10176: 10168: 10167: 10160: 10153: 10145: 10136: 10135: 10133: 10132: 10120: 10108: 10096: 10084: 10072: 10060: 10048: 10036: 10024: 10012: 10000: 9988: 9976: 9964: 9960:Kafr El Sheikh 9955:Kafr El Sheikh 9952: 9940: 9928: 9916: 9904: 9892: 9880: 9868: 9856: 9844: 9832: 9820: 9807: 9805: 9796: 9795: 9788: 9787: 9780: 9773: 9765: 9756: 9755: 9753: 9752: 9746: 9744: 9740: 9739: 9737: 9736: 9730: 9728: 9722: 9721: 9719: 9718: 9713: 9707: 9705: 9699: 9698: 9696: 9695: 9690: 9685: 9679: 9677: 9673: 9672: 9670: 9669: 9664: 9659: 9654: 9648: 9646: 9640: 9639: 9637: 9636: 9631: 9629:El Ibrahimiyya 9626: 9621: 9616: 9611: 9606: 9601: 9596: 9590: 9588: 9582: 9581: 9579: 9578: 9573: 9568: 9563: 9558: 9553: 9548: 9543: 9538: 9533: 9528: 9523: 9518: 9513: 9508: 9503: 9498: 9493: 9488: 9483: 9478: 9472: 9470: 9466: 9465: 9463: 9462: 9457: 9452: 9447: 9441: 9439: 9435: 9434: 9432: 9431: 9426: 9421: 9415: 9413: 9407: 9406: 9398: 9397: 9390: 9383: 9375: 9366: 9365: 9362: 9359: 9358: 9311: 9309: 9303: 9302: 9259: 9257: 9251: 9250: 9203: 9201: 9195: 9194: 9139: 9137: 9131: 9130: 9099: 9097: 9091: 9090: 9063: 9061: 9055: 9054: 8995: 8993: 8987: 8986: 8919: 8917: 8911: 8910: 8879: 8877: 8871: 8870: 8835: 8833: 8827: 8826: 8787: 8785: 8779: 8778: 8751: 8749: 8743: 8742: 8735: 8733: 8727: 8726: 8699: 8697: 8691: 8690: 8679: 8677: 8671: 8670: 8587: 8585: 8579: 8578: 8551:Sirs Al-Layyan 8535: 8533: 8527: 8526: 8503:Kafr Az-Zayyat 8491: 8489: 8483: 8482: 8434:Kafr El Sheikh 8431: 8429: 8423: 8422: 8367:Minyat An-Nasr 8343: 8341: 8335: 8334: 8331:Mit Abu Ghaleb 8287: 8285: 8279: 8278: 8243: 8241: 8235: 8234: 8227:Wadi El Natrun 8199:El Mahmoudiyah 8187:Abu El Matamir 8175:Kafr El Dawwar 8167: 8165: 8159: 8158: 8143: 8141: 8135: 8134: 8079: 8077: 8071: 8070: 8015: 8013: 8007: 8006: 7999: 7997: 7991: 7990: 7983: 7982: 7975: 7968: 7960: 7952: 7951: 7946: 7943: 7934: 7929: 7923: 7922: 7913: 7907: 7902: 7894: 7884: 7883:External links 7881: 7880: 7879: 7872: 7854: 7847: 7825: 7815: 7808: 7801: 7795: 7788: 7781: 7764: 7759:P. M. Fraser, 7757: 7750: 7743: 7738:A. De Cosson, 7736: 7729: 7708: 7703:A. J. Butler, 7701: 7687: 7678: 7675: 7661: 7658: 7655: 7654: 7624: 7594: 7564: 7534: 7504: 7474: 7448: 7418: 7388: 7358: 7328: 7298: 7268: 7238: 7208: 7178: 7171: 7151: 7137: 7125:Greek Reporter 7111: 7085: 7054: 7047: 7029: 6999: 6973: 6949: 6901: 6886: 6861: 6842: 6828: 6814: 6784: 6760: 6746: 6720: 6697: 6690: 6670: 6639: 6627: 6601: 6589: 6585:Elio Lo Cascio 6577: 6568: 6559: 6540: 6513: 6496: 6468: 6447: 6425: 6365: 6339: 6317: 6291: 6261: 6231: 6201: 6175: 6149: 6119: 6093: 6063: 6030: 5997: 5967: 5936: 5905: 5879: 5868:on 24 May 2013 5852: 5827: 5808: 5788: 5781: 5761: 5746: 5725: 5706: 5686: 5667: 5642: 5625: 5612: 5590: 5570: 5557:10.2307/284172 5533: 5524: 5459: 5436: 5423: 5350: 5343: 5323: 5316: 5296: 5272: 5264:Hermann Grapow 5252: 5234:Foreign Policy 5213: 5183: 5176: 5141: 5102: 5083: 5063: 5044: 5001: 4975: 4958: 4944: 4918: 4917: 4915: 4912: 4909: 4908: 4876:romanisation: 4862: 4845:romanisation: 4818: 4817: 4815: 4812: 4811: 4810: 4805: 4800: 4795: 4790: 4785: 4780: 4775: 4770: 4764: 4763: 4747: 4744: 4742: 4741: 4735: 4729: 4723: 4717: 4711: 4705: 4699: 4693: 4687: 4681: 4680:, South Africa 4675: 4669: 4663: 4657: 4651: 4645: 4638: 4632:Alexandria is 4615: 4612: 4599: 4598: 4595: 4592: 4586: 4580: 4575: 4570: 4560: 4552: 4535: 4534: 4529: 4526: 4521: 4515: 4454: 4453: 4404: 4402: 4395: 4379: 4376: 4357: 4354: 4314: 4307: 4306: 4300: 4293: 4292: 4286: 4279: 4278: 4277: 4276: 4275: 4273: 4270: 4249:Modern English 4209: 4206: 4204: 4201: 4192: 4189: 4165:Main article: 4162: 4159: 4103: 4100: 4099: 4098: 4091: 4084: 4078: 4065: 4062: 4042:Main article: 4039: 4036: 4005: 4002: 4000: 3997: 3988: 3985: 3915: 3912: 3848: 3845: 3843: 3840: 3797: 3794: 3756:Byzantine Rite 3718:Saint Theodore 3706:Saint Nicholas 3682:Prophet Elijah 3576:bishop of Rome 3572:Constantinople 3539: 3536: 3479: 3476: 3473: 3472: 3431: 3429: 3422: 3416: 3413: 3399:Kom El Shoqafa 3342:Archaeological 3336: 3335: 3294: 3292: 3285: 3279: 3276: 3232: 3229: 3205:Main article: 3202: 3199: 3178: 3175: 3154:Kom El Shoqafa 3134: 3131: 3055: 3052: 3046: 3043: 3029:. A temple of 3020:for all later 2997: 2996: 2985: 2974: 2971: 2966:The Temple of 2964: 2953: 2938: 2935: 2932: 2929: 2923: 2912: 2901: 2878:unit of length 2825:, made in 1784 2819:Canopic Street 2808: 2807: 2804: 2803:Jewish quarter 2801: 2799: 2792: 2789: 2787: 2772: 2763: 2762: 2721: 2719: 2712: 2692: 2691:Ancient layout 2689: 2628:sea level rise 2613:climate change 2600: 2599:Climate change 2597: 2594: 2593: 2590: 2587: 2584: 2581: 2578: 2575: 2572: 2569: 2566: 2563: 2560: 2556: 2555: 2552: 2549: 2546: 2543: 2540: 2537: 2534: 2531: 2528: 2525: 2522: 2510: 2509: 2505: 2504: 2496: 2495: 2492: 2489: 2486: 2483: 2480: 2477: 2474: 2471: 2468: 2465: 2462: 2459: 2456: 2454:sunshine hours 2449: 2448: 2443: 2438: 2433: 2428: 2423: 2418: 2413: 2408: 2403: 2398: 2393: 2388: 2383: 2375: 2374: 2371: 2368: 2365: 2362: 2359: 2356: 2353: 2350: 2347: 2344: 2341: 2338: 2335: 2327: 2326: 2323: 2320: 2317: 2314: 2311: 2308: 2305: 2302: 2299: 2296: 2293: 2290: 2287: 2280: 2279: 2274: 2269: 2264: 2259: 2254: 2249: 2244: 2239: 2234: 2229: 2224: 2219: 2214: 2206: 2205: 2200: 2195: 2190: 2185: 2180: 2175: 2170: 2165: 2160: 2155: 2150: 2145: 2140: 2136: 2135: 2130: 2125: 2120: 2115: 2110: 2105: 2100: 2095: 2090: 2085: 2080: 2075: 2070: 2066: 2065: 2060: 2055: 2050: 2045: 2040: 2035: 2030: 2025: 2020: 2015: 2010: 2005: 2000: 1996: 1995: 1990: 1985: 1980: 1975: 1970: 1965: 1960: 1955: 1950: 1945: 1940: 1935: 1930: 1926: 1925: 1920: 1915: 1910: 1905: 1900: 1895: 1890: 1885: 1880: 1875: 1870: 1865: 1860: 1856: 1855: 1852: 1849: 1846: 1843: 1840: 1837: 1834: 1831: 1828: 1825: 1822: 1819: 1816: 1812: 1811: 1801: 1763:violent storms 1744:Kafr el-Dawwar 1703: 1700: 1687: 1686: 1683: 1680: 1677: 1674: 1670: 1669: 1666: 1662: 1661: 1654: 1649: 1646: 1622: 1619: 1426: 1423: 1383:Antoninus Pius 1134: 1131: 1119:Main article: 1116: 1113: 985: 984: 981: 980: 977: 976: 973: 972: 960: 959: 956: 955: 952: 951: 945: 942: 923: 920: 873:late antiquity 851:), one of the 734:second largest 626: 625: 618: 614: 613: 610: 604: 603: 600: 598: 594: 593: 588: 578: 577: 567: 561: 560: 548: 544: 543: 539: 538: 527: 521: 520: 517: 513: 512: 509: 505: 504: 500: 499: 496: 492: 491: 488: 484: 483: 479: 478: 475: 471: 470: 466: 465: 460: 456: 455: 452: 448: 447: 442: 436: 435: 430: 424: 423: 389: 388: 378: 372: 371: 364: 363: 357: 356: 355: 354: 345: 339: 338: 331: 330: 324: 323: 322: 321: 320: 317: 316: 300: 296: 295: 289: 283: 279: 273: 272: 271: 268: 267: 258: 251: 250: 249: 244:Montaza Palace 242: 235: 234: 228: 221: 220: 219: 212: 205: 204: 198: 191: 190: 189: 181: 174: 173: 172: 171: 170: 167: 166: 161: 158: 157: 154: 153: 150: 149: 142: 133: 132: 125: 98: 97: 96: 94: 93: 90: 89: 82: 75: 74: 67: 40: 39: 38: 37: 34: 27: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11251: 11240: 11237: 11235: 11232: 11230: 11227: 11225: 11222: 11220: 11217: 11215: 11212: 11210: 11207: 11205: 11202: 11200: 11197: 11195: 11192: 11190: 11187: 11185: 11182: 11180: 11177: 11175: 11172: 11170: 11167: 11165: 11162: 11160: 11157: 11156: 11154: 11139: 11136: 11134: 11131: 11130: 11128: 11124: 11118: 11115: 11113: 11110: 11108: 11105: 11103: 11100: 11098: 11095: 11093: 11090: 11088: 11085: 11083: 11080: 11078: 11075: 11073: 11070: 11068: 11065: 11063: 11060: 11058: 11055: 11053: 11050: 11048: 11045: 11043: 11040: 11038: 11035: 11033: 11030: 11028: 11025: 11024: 11022: 11018: 11013: 11003: 11000: 10998: 10995: 10994: 10992: 10988: 10984: 10981: 10973: 10968: 10966: 10961: 10959: 10954: 10953: 10950: 10939: 10928: 10923: 10916: 10913: 10908: 10901: 10898: 10893: 10886: 10883: 10878: 10871: 10868: 10863: 10856: 10853: 10848: 10841: 10838: 10833: 10826: 10823: 10818: 10811: 10808: 10803: 10796: 10793: 10792:Port Harcourt 10788: 10781: 10778: 10773: 10766: 10763: 10758: 10751: 10748: 10743: 10736: 10733: 10728: 10721: 10718: 10713: 10706: 10703: 10698: 10691: 10688: 10683: 10676: 10673: 10668: 10661: 10658: 10653: 10646: 10643: 10638: 10631: 10628: 10623: 10616: 10613: 10608: 10601: 10598: 10593: 10586: 10585: 10582: 10578: 10571: 10566: 10564: 10559: 10557: 10552: 10551: 10548: 10536: 10533: 10531: 10528: 10526: 10523: 10521: 10518: 10516: 10513: 10511: 10508: 10506: 10503: 10501: 10498: 10496: 10493: 10491: 10488: 10486: 10483: 10481: 10478: 10476: 10473: 10471: 10468: 10466: 10463: 10461: 10458: 10456: 10453: 10451: 10448: 10446: 10443: 10441: 10438: 10436: 10433: 10431: 10428: 10426: 10423: 10421: 10418: 10416: 10413: 10411: 10408: 10406: 10403: 10402: 10400: 10396: 10390: 10387: 10385: 10384:Shibin El Kom 10382: 10380: 10377: 10375: 10372: 10370: 10367: 10365: 10362: 10360: 10357: 10355: 10352: 10350: 10347: 10345: 10342: 10340: 10337: 10335: 10332: 10330: 10327: 10325: 10322: 10320: 10317: 10315: 10312: 10310: 10307: 10305: 10302: 10300: 10297: 10296: 10294: 10290: 10284: 10281: 10279: 10276: 10274: 10271: 10269: 10266: 10264: 10261: 10259: 10256: 10254: 10251: 10249: 10246: 10244: 10241: 10239: 10236: 10234: 10231: 10229: 10226: 10224: 10221: 10219: 10216: 10215: 10213: 10209: 10203: 10200: 10198: 10195: 10193: 10190: 10188: 10185: 10184: 10182: 10178: 10174:by population 10173: 10166: 10161: 10159: 10154: 10152: 10147: 10146: 10143: 10129: 10124: 10121: 10117: 10112: 10109: 10105: 10100: 10097: 10093: 10088: 10085: 10081: 10076: 10073: 10069: 10064: 10061: 10057: 10052: 10049: 10045: 10040: 10037: 10033: 10028: 10025: 10021: 10016: 10013: 10009: 10008:Shibin El Kom 10004: 10001: 9997: 9992: 9989: 9985: 9984:Mersa Matrouh 9980: 9977: 9973: 9968: 9965: 9961: 9956: 9953: 9949: 9944: 9941: 9937: 9932: 9929: 9925: 9920: 9917: 9913: 9908: 9905: 9901: 9896: 9893: 9889: 9884: 9881: 9877: 9872: 9869: 9865: 9860: 9857: 9853: 9848: 9845: 9841: 9836: 9833: 9829: 9824: 9821: 9817: 9812: 9809: 9808: 9806: 9797: 9793: 9786: 9781: 9779: 9774: 9772: 9767: 9766: 9763: 9751: 9748: 9747: 9745: 9741: 9735: 9732: 9731: 9729: 9727: 9723: 9717: 9714: 9712: 9709: 9708: 9706: 9704: 9700: 9694: 9691: 9689: 9686: 9684: 9681: 9680: 9678: 9674: 9668: 9665: 9663: 9660: 9658: 9655: 9653: 9650: 9649: 9647: 9645: 9641: 9635: 9632: 9630: 9627: 9625: 9622: 9620: 9617: 9615: 9612: 9610: 9607: 9605: 9602: 9600: 9597: 9595: 9592: 9591: 9589: 9587: 9583: 9577: 9574: 9572: 9569: 9567: 9564: 9562: 9559: 9557: 9554: 9552: 9549: 9547: 9544: 9542: 9539: 9537: 9534: 9532: 9529: 9527: 9524: 9522: 9519: 9517: 9514: 9512: 9509: 9507: 9504: 9502: 9499: 9497: 9494: 9492: 9489: 9487: 9484: 9482: 9479: 9477: 9474: 9473: 9471: 9467: 9461: 9458: 9456: 9453: 9451: 9448: 9446: 9443: 9442: 9440: 9436: 9430: 9427: 9425: 9422: 9420: 9417: 9416: 9414: 9412: 9408: 9404: 9396: 9391: 9389: 9384: 9382: 9377: 9376: 9373: 9360: 9356: 9352: 9348: 9344: 9340: 9336: 9332: 9328: 9324: 9320: 9316: 9315: 9310: 9308: 9304: 9300: 9296: 9292: 9288: 9284: 9280: 9276: 9272: 9268: 9264: 9263: 9258: 9256: 9252: 9248: 9244: 9240: 9236: 9232: 9228: 9224: 9220: 9216: 9212: 9208: 9207: 9202: 9200: 9196: 9192: 9188: 9184: 9180: 9176: 9172: 9168: 9164: 9160: 9156: 9152: 9148: 9144: 9143: 9138: 9136: 9132: 9128: 9124: 9120: 9116: 9112: 9108: 9104: 9103: 9098: 9096: 9092: 9088: 9084: 9080: 9076: 9072: 9068: 9067: 9062: 9060: 9056: 9052: 9048: 9044: 9040: 9036: 9032: 9028: 9024: 9020: 9016: 9012: 9008: 9004: 9000: 8999: 8994: 8992: 8988: 8984: 8980: 8979:Tuna el-Gebel 8976: 8972: 8968: 8964: 8960: 8956: 8952: 8948: 8944: 8940: 8936: 8932: 8928: 8924: 8923: 8918: 8916: 8912: 8908: 8904: 8900: 8896: 8892: 8888: 8884: 8883: 8878: 8876: 8872: 8868: 8864: 8860: 8856: 8852: 8848: 8844: 8843:New Beni Suef 8840: 8839: 8834: 8832: 8828: 8824: 8820: 8816: 8812: 8808: 8804: 8800: 8796: 8792: 8791: 8786: 8784: 8780: 8776: 8772: 8768: 8764: 8760: 8759:Sheikh Zuweid 8756: 8755: 8750: 8748: 8744: 8740: 8739: 8734: 8732: 8728: 8724: 8720: 8716: 8715:Tell El Kebir 8712: 8708: 8704: 8703: 8698: 8696: 8692: 8688: 8684: 8683: 8678: 8676: 8672: 8668: 8664: 8660: 8656: 8655:El Husseiniya 8652: 8648: 8644: 8640: 8639:El Ibrahimiya 8636: 8632: 8628: 8624: 8620: 8616: 8612: 8608: 8604: 8600: 8599:Minya El Qamh 8596: 8592: 8591: 8586: 8584: 8580: 8576: 8572: 8568: 8567:Birket El Sab 8564: 8560: 8556: 8552: 8548: 8544: 8540: 8539: 8538:Shibin El Kom 8534: 8532: 8528: 8524: 8520: 8516: 8512: 8508: 8504: 8500: 8496: 8495: 8490: 8488: 8484: 8480: 8476: 8472: 8468: 8464: 8460: 8456: 8452: 8448: 8444: 8440: 8436: 8435: 8430: 8428: 8424: 8420: 8416: 8412: 8408: 8404: 8400: 8396: 8392: 8388: 8384: 8380: 8376: 8372: 8368: 8364: 8360: 8356: 8352: 8348: 8347: 8342: 8340: 8336: 8332: 8328: 8327:Ezbet El Borg 8324: 8320: 8316: 8312: 8308: 8304: 8300: 8296: 8292: 8291: 8286: 8284: 8280: 8276: 8272: 8268: 8264: 8260: 8256: 8252: 8248: 8247: 8242: 8240: 8236: 8232: 8228: 8224: 8220: 8216: 8212: 8208: 8207:Itay El Barud 8204: 8200: 8196: 8192: 8188: 8184: 8180: 8176: 8172: 8171: 8166: 8164: 8160: 8156: 8152: 8148: 8147: 8142: 8140: 8136: 8132: 8128: 8124: 8120: 8116: 8112: 8108: 8104: 8100: 8096: 8092: 8088: 8084: 8083: 8078: 8076: 8072: 8068: 8067:Abu El Numrus 8064: 8060: 8056: 8052: 8048: 8044: 8040: 8036: 8035:El Badrashein 8032: 8028: 8024: 8020: 8019: 8014: 8012: 8008: 8004: 8003: 7998: 7996: 7992: 7988: 7981: 7976: 7974: 7969: 7967: 7962: 7961: 7958: 7949: 7940: 7939: 7932: 7926: 7921: 7917: 7914: 7911: 7908: 7906: 7903: 7899: 7895: 7891: 7887: 7886: 7877: 7873: 7871: 7867: 7863: 7859: 7855: 7852: 7848: 7846: 7842: 7838: 7834: 7830: 7826: 7823: 7819: 7816: 7813: 7809: 7806: 7802: 7800: 7796: 7793: 7789: 7786: 7782: 7780: 7776: 7772: 7768: 7767:Franck Goddio 7765: 7762: 7758: 7755: 7751: 7748: 7744: 7741: 7737: 7734: 7730: 7726: 7725: 7719: 7714: 7709: 7706: 7702: 7700: 7699:1-902699-00-9 7696: 7692: 7688: 7685: 7681: 7680: 7674: 7671: 7668: 7665: 7642: 7638: 7634: 7628: 7612: 7608: 7604: 7598: 7582: 7578: 7574: 7568: 7552: 7548: 7544: 7538: 7522: 7518: 7514: 7508: 7492: 7488: 7484: 7478: 7462: 7458: 7452: 7436: 7432: 7428: 7422: 7406: 7402: 7398: 7392: 7376: 7372: 7371:incheon.go.kr 7368: 7362: 7346: 7342: 7341:durban.gov.za 7338: 7332: 7316: 7312: 7308: 7302: 7286: 7282: 7278: 7272: 7256: 7252: 7248: 7242: 7226: 7222: 7218: 7212: 7196: 7192: 7188: 7182: 7174: 7172:9781351547956 7168: 7165:. Routledge. 7164: 7163: 7155: 7147: 7141: 7126: 7122: 7115: 7100: 7096: 7089: 7073: 7069: 7065: 7058: 7050: 7044: 7040: 7033: 7017: 7013: 7009: 7003: 6988: 6984: 6977: 6969: 6965: 6964: 6959: 6953: 6946: 6942: 6939: 6935: 6931: 6928: 6924: 6920: 6916: 6912: 6905: 6897: 6890: 6875: 6871: 6865: 6859: 6855: 6851: 6846: 6838: 6832: 6824: 6818: 6802: 6798: 6794: 6788: 6770: 6764: 6756: 6750: 6734: 6730: 6724: 6716: 6712: 6708: 6701: 6693: 6687: 6683: 6682: 6674: 6658: 6654: 6650: 6643: 6636: 6631: 6615: 6611: 6605: 6598: 6593: 6586: 6581: 6572: 6563: 6555: 6551: 6544: 6525: 6524: 6517: 6510: 6506: 6500: 6485: 6484: 6479: 6472: 6457: 6451: 6435: 6429: 6421: 6417: 6412: 6407: 6402: 6397: 6393: 6389: 6385: 6381: 6377: 6369: 6353: 6349: 6343: 6327: 6321: 6305: 6301: 6295: 6279: 6275: 6271: 6265: 6249: 6245: 6241: 6235: 6219: 6215: 6211: 6205: 6189: 6185: 6179: 6163: 6159: 6153: 6137: 6133: 6132:aljazeera.com 6129: 6123: 6107: 6103: 6097: 6081: 6077: 6073: 6067: 6051: 6047: 6043: 6037: 6035: 6018: 6014: 6010: 6004: 6002: 5985: 5981: 5977: 5971: 5955: 5951: 5947: 5940: 5924: 5920: 5916: 5909: 5893: 5889: 5883: 5867: 5863: 5856: 5841: 5837: 5831: 5815: 5811: 5809:9781136748103 5805: 5802:. Routledge. 5801: 5800: 5792: 5784: 5778: 5774: 5773: 5765: 5757: 5753: 5749: 5747:9781605206219 5743: 5739: 5732: 5730: 5713: 5709: 5703: 5699: 5698: 5690: 5674: 5670: 5668:0-521-47137-0 5664: 5660: 5656: 5652: 5651:Kennedy, Hugh 5646: 5638: 5637: 5629: 5622: 5616: 5610: 5606: 5603: 5599: 5594: 5587: 5583: 5580: 5574: 5566: 5562: 5558: 5554: 5550: 5546: 5545: 5537: 5528: 5521: 5508: 5504: 5500: 5495: 5490: 5486: 5482: 5478: 5474: 5470: 5463: 5456: 5452:(1): 38–48 . 5451: 5447: 5440: 5433: 5427: 5408: 5404: 5400: 5396: 5392: 5388: 5384: 5380: 5376: 5372: 5368: 5361: 5354: 5346: 5340: 5336: 5335: 5327: 5319: 5313: 5309: 5308: 5300: 5293: 5289: 5286: 5282: 5276: 5269: 5265: 5261: 5256: 5240: 5236: 5235: 5230: 5224: 5222: 5220: 5218: 5201: 5197: 5193: 5187: 5179: 5173: 5169: 5164: 5163: 5154: 5152: 5150: 5148: 5146: 5129: 5125: 5121: 5117: 5113: 5106: 5090: 5086: 5080: 5076: 5075: 5067: 5051: 5047: 5041: 5037: 5036: 5019: 5015: 5011: 5005: 4989: 4985: 4979: 4972: 4968: 4962: 4954: 4948: 4933: 4929: 4923: 4919: 4904: 4898: 4892: 4886: 4880: 4875: 4871: 4866: 4858: 4849: 4844: 4839: 4830: 4823: 4819: 4809: 4806: 4804: 4801: 4799: 4798:Of Alexandria 4796: 4794: 4791: 4789: 4786: 4784: 4781: 4779: 4776: 4774: 4771: 4769: 4766: 4765: 4761: 4750: 4739: 4736: 4733: 4730: 4727: 4724: 4721: 4718: 4715: 4712: 4709: 4706: 4703: 4700: 4697: 4694: 4691: 4688: 4686:, South Korea 4685: 4682: 4679: 4676: 4673: 4670: 4667: 4664: 4661: 4658: 4655: 4652: 4649: 4646: 4643: 4640: 4639: 4637: 4635: 4629: 4620: 4611: 4609: 4605: 4596: 4593: 4590: 4587: 4584: 4581: 4579: 4576: 4574: 4571: 4568: 4564: 4561: 4558: 4554: 4553: 4551: 4549: 4545: 4541: 4533: 4530: 4527: 4525: 4522: 4520: 4517: 4516: 4514: 4512: 4507: 4505: 4501: 4497: 4493: 4489: 4485: 4481: 4477: 4473: 4469: 4465: 4461: 4450: 4447: 4439: 4429: 4425: 4421: 4415: 4414: 4410: 4405:This section 4403: 4399: 4394: 4393: 4388: 4384: 4372: 4371:Sayed Darwish 4368: 4364: 4362: 4353: 4351: 4347: 4346:Cavafy Museum 4342: 4339: 4334: 4332: 4327: 4317: 4311: 4303: 4297: 4289: 4283: 4269: 4267: 4262: 4258: 4257:is derived). 4256: 4255: 4250: 4246: 4242: 4238: 4234: 4230: 4226: 4219: 4214: 4200: 4198: 4188: 4187:in the east. 4186: 4182: 4173: 4168: 4158: 4156: 4152: 4148: 4143: 4141: 4137: 4133: 4129: 4125: 4121: 4117: 4116:commuter rail 4108: 4096: 4092: 4089: 4085: 4082: 4079: 4076: 4072: 4068: 4067: 4061: 4059: 4050: 4045: 4035: 4032: 4028: 4023: 4021: 4014: 4010: 3996: 3994: 3984: 3982: 3977: 3975: 3971: 3967: 3963: 3959: 3955: 3951: 3947: 3943: 3938: 3936: 3932: 3924: 3920: 3911: 3908: 3903: 3901: 3897: 3892: 3888: 3884: 3880: 3876: 3872: 3868: 3864: 3857: 3853: 3839: 3837: 3833: 3829: 3825: 3821: 3817: 3813: 3806: 3802: 3793: 3791: 3786: 3784: 3780: 3776: 3771: 3769: 3768:Armenian Rite 3765: 3761: 3757: 3753: 3749: 3746: 3742: 3738: 3734: 3729: 3727: 3723: 3719: 3715: 3711: 3707: 3703: 3699: 3695: 3691: 3687: 3683: 3679: 3675: 3671: 3667: 3663: 3662:Saint Anthony 3659: 3655: 3651: 3646: 3644: 3640: 3636: 3632: 3628: 3624: 3620: 3616: 3611: 3609: 3605: 3601: 3597: 3593: 3589: 3585: 3581: 3577: 3573: 3569: 3565: 3558: 3554: 3548: 3544: 3535: 3533: 3529: 3525: 3524:Al-Nour Party 3521: 3516: 3513: 3509: 3505: 3501: 3494: 3490: 3485: 3469: 3466: 3458: 3448: 3444: 3438: 3437: 3432:This section 3430: 3426: 3421: 3420: 3412: 3409: 3407: 3402: 3400: 3395: 3393: 3389: 3383: 3381: 3377: 3373: 3369: 3368:Franck Goddio 3364: 3360: 3359:Cleopatra VII 3355: 3352: 3348: 3347:D. G. Hogarth 3343: 3332: 3329: 3321: 3311: 3307: 3301: 3300: 3295:This section 3293: 3289: 3284: 3283: 3275: 3273: 3272:square metres 3269: 3265: 3261: 3257: 3253: 3249: 3245: 3237: 3228: 3226: 3218: 3213: 3208: 3198: 3196: 3192: 3185:Roman Theater 3183: 3174: 3172: 3168: 3164: 3160: 3156: 3155: 3150: 3147:Alexandria's 3143: 3139: 3130: 3127: 3123: 3119: 3115: 3111: 3106: 3104: 3100: 3096: 3092: 3088: 3084: 3080: 3076: 3072: 3065: 3060: 3051: 3042: 3040: 3034: 3032: 3028: 3023: 3019: 3015: 3011: 3007: 3004:, one of the 3003: 2994: 2990: 2986: 2983: 2979: 2975: 2972: 2969: 2965: 2962: 2958: 2954: 2951: 2947: 2943: 2939: 2936: 2933: 2930: 2928: 2924: 2921: 2917: 2913: 2910: 2906: 2905:Julius Caesar 2902: 2899: 2895: 2894:Royal Palaces 2891: 2890: 2889: 2887: 2882: 2879: 2875: 2874: 2868: 2863: 2855: 2850: 2846: 2844: 2840: 2836: 2832: 2824: 2820: 2816: 2812: 2805: 2802: 2800: 2797: 2793: 2790: 2788: 2784: 2780: 2776: 2773: 2770: 2769: 2768: 2759: 2756: 2748: 2738: 2734: 2728: 2727: 2722:This section 2720: 2716: 2711: 2710: 2705: 2701: 2697: 2688: 2685: 2681: 2677: 2673: 2669: 2665: 2661: 2657: 2656:Dar es Salaam 2653: 2649: 2645: 2641: 2637: 2633: 2629: 2624: 2622: 2618: 2614: 2610: 2606: 2591: 2588: 2585: 2582: 2579: 2576: 2573: 2570: 2567: 2564: 2561: 2558: 2557: 2553: 2550: 2547: 2544: 2541: 2538: 2535: 2532: 2529: 2526: 2523: 2520: 2519: 2506: 2502: 2497: 2493: 2490: 2487: 2484: 2481: 2478: 2475: 2472: 2469: 2466: 2463: 2460: 2457: 2455: 2452:Mean monthly 2450: 2444: 2439: 2434: 2429: 2424: 2419: 2414: 2409: 2404: 2399: 2394: 2389: 2384: 2381: 2376: 2372: 2369: 2366: 2363: 2360: 2357: 2354: 2351: 2348: 2345: 2342: 2339: 2336: 2333: 2328: 2324: 2321: 2318: 2315: 2312: 2309: 2306: 2303: 2300: 2297: 2294: 2291: 2288: 2281: 2275: 2270: 2265: 2260: 2255: 2250: 2245: 2240: 2235: 2230: 2225: 2220: 2215: 2212: 2211:precipitation 2207: 2201: 2196: 2191: 2186: 2181: 2176: 2171: 2166: 2161: 2156: 2151: 2146: 2141: 2137: 2131: 2126: 2121: 2116: 2111: 2106: 2101: 2096: 2091: 2086: 2081: 2076: 2071: 2067: 2061: 2056: 2051: 2046: 2041: 2036: 2031: 2026: 2021: 2016: 2011: 2006: 2001: 1997: 1991: 1986: 1981: 1976: 1971: 1966: 1961: 1956: 1951: 1946: 1941: 1936: 1931: 1927: 1921: 1916: 1911: 1906: 1901: 1896: 1891: 1886: 1881: 1876: 1871: 1866: 1861: 1857: 1813: 1809: 1804: 1800: 1797: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1777: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1759: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1714:), virtually 1713: 1709: 1699: 1696: 1684: 1681: 1678: 1675: 1672: 1671: 1667: 1664: 1663: 1648:(Population) 1643: 1640: 1638: 1631: 1627: 1618: 1616: 1612: 1607: 1605: 1601: 1596: 1594: 1586: 1581: 1577: 1575: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1559: 1552: 1547: 1543: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1528:Ottoman Turks 1525: 1521: 1517: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1493: 1488: 1484: 1482: 1478: 1474: 1473:Muslim saints 1470: 1465: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1422: 1420: 1416: 1412: 1408: 1404: 1400: 1397:, which gave 1396: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1375: 1371: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1360:Roman emperor 1357: 1353: 1350:According to 1348: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1313: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1290: 1289: 1282: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1254: 1238: 1234: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1195: 1184: 1179: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1164: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1128: 1122: 1112: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1067: 1064: 1059: 1055: 1044: 1039: 1035: 1024: 1019: 1016: 1011: 1005: 996: 995:Ancient Greek 992: 983: 982: 979: 978: 975: 974: 971: 965: 962: 961: 946: 943: 936: 935: 932: 931: 928: 927: 919: 917: 913: 909: 904: 900: 896: 892: 888: 885: 880: 878: 874: 870: 866: 863:, one of the 862: 858: 857:Great Library 854: 850: 846: 841: 839: 835: 831: 827: 823: 818: 816: 812: 808: 804: 800: 796: 792: 787: 785: 781: 778: 774: 770: 769:Greater Cairo 766: 762: 758: 753: 331 BC 748:. Founded in 747: 743: 739: 735: 731: 721: 713: 709: 708: 695: 632: 623: 619: 615: 611: 609: 605: 599: 595: 592: 589: 585: 579: 575: 571: 568: 566: 562: 558: 552: 549: 545: 540: 532: 528: 526: 522: 518: 514: 510: 506: 501: 497: 493: 489: 485: 480: 476: 472: 467: 464: 461: 457: 453: 449: 446: 443: 441: 437: 434: 431: 429: 425: 420: 392:Coordinates: 390: 361: 328: 318: 314: 310: 306: 304: 303:Mediterranean 297: 287: 277: 269: 261: 255: 245: 239: 231: 225: 215: 209: 201: 195: 185: 178: 168: 164: 159: 147: 143: 134: 130: 126: 117: 114: 113: 108: 87: 83: 80: 76: 72: 68: 65: 61: 58: 57: 52: 32: 26: 22: 16:City in Egypt 11102:Philadelphia 11032:Alexandretta 10996: 10978:Hellenistic/ 10882:Kuala Lumpur 10747:Buenos Aires 10611: 10490:New Nubariya 10480:Marsa Matruh 10186: 9815: 9799:Governorate 9750:King Mariout 9667:El Manshiyya 9402: 9331:Nasr Al-Nuba 9312: 9260: 9204: 9179:West Juhayna 9171:Dar El Salam 9140: 9100: 9064: 8996: 8920: 8880: 8836: 8788: 8752: 8736: 8700: 8680: 8588: 8543:Sadat (city) 8536: 8492: 8432: 8344: 8295:New Damietta 8288: 8267:Sidi Barrani 8246:Mersa Matruh 8244: 8231:New Nubariya 8203:El Rahmaniya 8168: 8151:Borg El Arab 8145: 8144: 8080: 8031:El Hawamdeya 8016: 8000: 7936: 7890:"Alexandria" 7875: 7857: 7850: 7828: 7821: 7811: 7804: 7798: 7791: 7784: 7770: 7760: 7753: 7746: 7739: 7732: 7722: 7704: 7690: 7683: 7682:A. Bernand, 7672: 7669: 7666: 7663: 7645:. Retrieved 7636: 7633:"Twin Towns" 7627: 7615:. Retrieved 7606: 7597: 7585:. Retrieved 7576: 7567: 7555:. Retrieved 7546: 7537: 7525:. Retrieved 7516: 7507: 7495:. Retrieved 7491:the original 7486: 7477: 7465:. Retrieved 7460: 7451: 7439:. Retrieved 7433:. Limassol. 7430: 7421: 7409:. Retrieved 7400: 7391: 7379:. Retrieved 7370: 7361: 7349:. Retrieved 7345:the original 7340: 7331: 7319:. Retrieved 7310: 7301: 7289:. Retrieved 7280: 7271: 7259:. Retrieved 7251:cataniaup.it 7250: 7241: 7229:. Retrieved 7220: 7211: 7199:. Retrieved 7190: 7181: 7161: 7154: 7140: 7128:. Retrieved 7124: 7114: 7102:. Retrieved 7098: 7088: 7076:. Retrieved 7067: 7057: 7038: 7032: 7020:. Retrieved 7011: 7002: 6990:. Retrieved 6987:Ahram Online 6986: 6976: 6968:the original 6961: 6952: 6936:. CITED: p. 6910: 6904: 6889: 6877:. Retrieved 6874:edarabia.com 6873: 6864: 6845: 6831: 6817: 6805:. Retrieved 6796: 6787: 6775:. Retrieved 6763: 6749: 6737:. Retrieved 6733:the original 6723: 6715:the original 6710: 6700: 6680: 6673: 6661:. Retrieved 6652: 6642: 6630: 6618:. Retrieved 6604: 6597:The Pyramids 6592: 6580: 6571: 6562: 6553: 6543: 6531:. Retrieved 6522: 6516: 6499: 6487:. Retrieved 6483:The Guardian 6481: 6471: 6459:. Retrieved 6450: 6438:. Retrieved 6428: 6383: 6379: 6368: 6356:. Retrieved 6342: 6330:. Retrieved 6320: 6308:. Retrieved 6294: 6282:. Retrieved 6273: 6264: 6252:. Retrieved 6243: 6234: 6222:. Retrieved 6213: 6204: 6192:. Retrieved 6178: 6166:. Retrieved 6152: 6140:. Retrieved 6131: 6122: 6110:. Retrieved 6096: 6084:. Retrieved 6075: 6072:"Alexandria" 6066: 6054:. Retrieved 6050:the original 6045: 6021:. Retrieved 6017:the original 6012: 5988:. Retrieved 5979: 5970: 5958:. Retrieved 5949: 5939: 5927:. Retrieved 5923:the original 5918: 5908: 5898:11 September 5896:. Retrieved 5882: 5870:. Retrieved 5866:the original 5855: 5843:. Retrieved 5830: 5818:. Retrieved 5798: 5791: 5771: 5764: 5737: 5716:. Retrieved 5696: 5689: 5677:. Retrieved 5658: 5645: 5635: 5628: 5620: 5615: 5593: 5573: 5548: 5542: 5536: 5527: 5518: 5511:. Retrieved 5479:(1): 38–48. 5476: 5472: 5462: 5453: 5449: 5445: 5439: 5431: 5426: 5414:. Retrieved 5370: 5366: 5353: 5333: 5326: 5306: 5299: 5280: 5275: 5267: 5260:Erman, Adolf 5255: 5243:. Retrieved 5232: 5204:. Retrieved 5195: 5186: 5161: 5132:. Retrieved 5115: 5105: 5093:. Retrieved 5073: 5066: 5054:. Retrieved 5035:Alexandria 2 5034: 5022:. Retrieved 5014:Arab Academy 5013: 5004: 4994:24 September 4992:. Retrieved 4984:"Alexandria" 4978: 4970: 4961: 4947: 4935:. Retrieved 4931: 4922: 4865: 4848:Eskenderiyya 4822: 4760:Egypt portal 4738:Thessaloniki 4644:, Kazakhstan 4631: 4601: 4578:Olympic Club 4548:sports clubs 4537: 4508: 4457: 4442: 4433: 4418:Please help 4406: 4359: 4343: 4335: 4323: 4263: 4259: 4252: 4244: 4222: 4194: 4178: 4147:Misr Station 4144: 4113: 4095:Borg El Arab 4071:Mersa Matruh 4057: 4055: 4024: 4017: 3992: 3990: 3978: 3939: 3927: 3910:philosophy. 3904: 3860: 3809: 3787: 3772: 3766:, using the 3730: 3690:Saint Joseph 3686:Saint George 3658:Annunciation 3647: 3631:Pope Peter I 3623:Saint George 3619:Pope Cyril I 3612: 3564:Christianity 3561: 3538:Christianity 3517: 3497: 3461: 3452: 3441:Please help 3436:verification 3433: 3410: 3403: 3396: 3391: 3384: 3356: 3339: 3324: 3315: 3304:Please help 3299:verification 3296: 3242: 3221: 3188: 3152: 3146: 3107: 3068: 3048: 3035: 2998: 2883: 2876:was a Greek 2871: 2867:Heptastadion 2859: 2828: 2766: 2751: 2742: 2731:Please help 2726:verification 2723: 2625: 2602: 2213:mm (inches) 1798: 1780: 1760: 1748:Mersa Matruh 1723: 1711: 1705: 1694: 1690: 1634: 1630:Lake Mariout 1608: 1600:Lavon Affair 1597: 1590: 1574:Muhammad Ali 1555: 1532:Ottoman rule 1496: 1466: 1438: 1428: 1392: 1349: 1314: 1310:Greek people 1288:Heptastadion 1283: 1250: 1219:Greek colony 1180: 1136: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1093:occurred on 1082: 1068: 1017: 988: 966:(Alexandria) 963: 887:Christianity 881: 848: 842: 819: 788: 630: 629: 312: 308: 301: 182:View of the 86:Eskenderiyya 25: 11214:Holy cities 11117:Serraepolis 10912:Guadalajara 10485:Nag Hammadi 10111:South Sinai 10027:North Sinai 9634:Kom El Deka 9614:Moharam Bek 9594:Camp Chezar 9541:San Stefano 9219:Nag Hammadi 9035:Sahel Selim 9031:El Ghanayem 8959:Aba al-Waqf 8643:Diyarb Negm 8391:El Gammalia 8219:Koum Hamada 8215:Shubra Khit 8195:El Delengat 7849:Don Nardo, 7810:R. Ilbert, 7401:kazanlak.bg 7022:12 November 6992:29 December 6879:11 December 6533:12 November 6310:22 December 6284:22 December 6254:22 December 6224:22 December 5551:: 275–292. 5206:18 November 4971:mped.gov.eg 4897:Koinē Greek 4885:Attic Greek 4879:Alexándreia 4722:, Mauritius 4134:operate on 4132:locomotives 3588:Miaphysites 3406:Kom El Deka 3191:Kom El Deka 3177:Kom El Deka 3151:, known as 3022:lighthouses 2927:Marc Antony 2843:Nebi Daniel 2796:Roman times 1668:2020 proj* 1611:Suez Crisis 1593:bombardment 1499:Middle Ages 1497:During the 1492:Luigi Mayer 1469:Ibn Battuta 1425:Islamic era 1264:Hippodamian 1227:Hellenistic 1194:Alexandreia 1188:Ἀλεξάνδρεια 1168:Abu Qir Bay 1142:Old Kingdom 1133:Ancient era 970:hieroglyphs 773:natural gas 725:Ἀλεξάνδρεια 597:Postal code 559:36 billion) 553:566 billion 440:Governorate 414: / 121:Αλεξάνδρεια 102:Αλεξάνδρεια 11159:Alexandria 11153:Categories 11027:Ai-Khanoum 10997:Alexandria 10980:Macedonian 10612:Alexandria 10475:Marsa Alam 10460:Hamrah Dom 10440:El Alamein 10410:Ain Sokhna 10398:<99,999 10187:Alexandria 10015:New Valley 9816:Alexandria 9811:Alexandria 9604:El Atareen 9556:Sidi Gaber 9531:Saba Pasha 9455:El Mandara 9450:El Maamora 9419:Sidi Bishr 9403:Alexandria 9355:Abu Simbel 9271:New Thebes 9163:El Maragha 9159:El Balyana 9155:New Akhmim 9119:Marsa Alam 9107:Ras Ghareb 9087:Abu Minqar 9019:El Quseyya 8939:Beni Mazar 8887:New Faiyum 8819:Abu Zenima 8815:Abou Redis 8767:Bir al-Abd 8711:El Qantara 8651:Awlad Saqr 8615:Abu Hammad 8611:Al-Qinayat 8523:Sebennytos 8475:Sidi Ghazi 8467:Sidi Salem 8407:Mit Salsil 8383:El Manzala 8379:Bani Ebaid 8299:Ras El Bar 8275:Siwa Oasis 8263:El Negaila 8255:El Alamein 8191:Abu Hummus 8146:Alexandria 8115:Obour City 8103:Kafr Shukr 7931:Sebennytos 7647:21 October 7617:21 October 7587:21 October 7577:gov.spb.ru 7557:21 October 7527:21 October 7497:21 October 7487:omr.gov.ua 7467:5 November 7441:21 October 7411:21 October 7381:21 October 7351:21 October 7321:21 October 7291:21 October 7261:21 October 7231:21 October 7201:21 October 7099:EgyptToday 7078:20 January 7048:0230524257 6923:0231114273 6807:19 January 6777:2 November 6739:2 November 6663:6 February 6358:20 January 6142:12 October 6086:1 December 5990:9 February 5960:15 January 5944:Anika, R. 5820:8 November 5513:16 October 5416:16 October 5056:8 November 4914:References 4853:pronounced 4834:pronounced 4720:Port Louis 4692:, Bulgaria 4656:, Slovakia 4654:Bratislava 4626:See also: 4504:AfroBasket 4492:water polo 4488:jet-skiing 4223:The Royal 3981:Montessori 3790:Gnosticism 3724:church of 3714:Saint Sava 3698:Saint Mark 3639:Saint Mina 3635:Saint Mary 3627:Saint Mark 3608:Protestant 3522:in Egypt. 3482:See also: 3392:columbaria 3363:subsidence 3278:Excavation 3171:sarcophagi 3118:Diocletian 3099:The Romans 3031:Hephaestus 2993:Diocletian 2898:subsidence 2831:colonnades 2648:Casablanca 2499:Source 1: 2285:(≥ 1.0 mm) 1637:Nile delta 1516:Portuguese 1456:, after a 1403:Decriannus 1345:principate 1317:Septuagint 1176:Heracleion 1091:metathesis 1081:: initial 1079:Arabicised 1069:After the 1018:r-ꜥ-qd(y)t 964:r-ꜥ-qd(y)t 828:until the 813:, and the 807:Arab world 716:الإسكندرية 631:Alexandria 503:Population 469:Government 459:Founded by 445:Alexandria 402:29°53′33″E 399:31°11′51″N 373:Alexandria 340:Alexandria 184:Waterfront 163:Metropolis 129:Alexandria 45:الإسكندرية 35:Alexandria 10732:Ljubljana 10702:Amsterdam 10627:New Delhi 10455:Port Fuad 10369:New Cairo 10319:Beni Suef 10268:Port Said 10044:Port Said 10039:Port Said 9864:Beni Suef 9859:Beni Suef 9802:(capital) 9683:El Qabary 9662:El Labban 9624:Al Hadrah 9516:Kafr Abdu 9506:Gianaclis 9491:El Saraya 9486:Cleopatra 9319:New Aswan 9267:New Luxor 9215:Abu Tesht 9147:New Sohag 9123:Shalateen 9115:El Qoseir 9066:El Kharga 9039:El Badari 9003:New Asyut 8963:Dir Mawas 8955:Dir Mawas 8927:New Minya 8838:Beni Suef 8771:El Hasana 8723:Kassassin 8719:Abu Suwir 8687:Port Fuad 8682:Port Said 8647:Kafr Saqr 8627:Abu Kebir 8619:El Qurein 8559:El Bagour 8455:El Hamool 8355:Mit Ghamr 8307:Kafr Saad 8211:Hosh Issa 8131:El Kulzom 7797:M. Haag, 7790:M. Haag, 7783:M. Haag, 7660:Citations 7607:sh.gov.cn 6635:Time Life 6489:30 August 6461:8 January 6440:8 January 6332:1 October 6056:1 October 6023:1 October 5756:502998972 5503:162578339 5403:131190587 5395:0094-8276 4710:, Ukraine 4674:, Romania 4672:Constanța 4666:Cleveland 4648:Baltimore 4436:July 2023 4407:does not 4208:Libraries 4128:tram line 4075:Port Said 3999:Transport 3842:Education 3832:synagogue 3678:Dormition 3455:July 2023 3388:catacombs 3376:Caesarion 3318:July 2023 3250:) by the 3163:syncretic 3149:catacombs 3083:acropolis 3045:Cityscape 3018:prototype 2961:Palaestra 2957:Gymnasium 2835:Mausoleum 2815:Engraving 2745:July 2023 2644:Cape Town 2617:Gaza City 2380:dew point 1782:Port Said 1774:(86 1679:4,439,000 1676:2,199,000 1621:Geography 1446:Heraclius 1407:Caracalla 1356:Agrippa I 1294:Ptolemaic 1267:grid plan 1256:Cleomenes 1223:Naucratis 1205:from the 1075:Rashiduns 1058:Latinised 1038:Hypsicles 1004:romanized 780:pipelines 608:Area code 565:Time zone 535:إسكندراني 511:6,100,000 495:Elevation 11107:Seleucia 10983:colonies 10657:Montreal 10445:El Gouna 10435:Dekernes 10339:Hurghada 10324:Damanhur 10258:Mansoura 10253:Kom Ombo 10243:Ismailia 10228:Damietta 10080:Hurghada 10051:Qalyubia 9948:Ismailia 9943:Ismailia 9900:Damietta 9895:Damietta 9888:Mansoura 9883:Dakahlia 9852:Damanhur 9693:Wardeyan 9652:Anfoushi 9576:Victoria 9561:Sporting 9429:El Soyof 9335:Kalabsha 9327:Kom Ombo 9279:Bayadiya 9247:Shaarani 9211:New Qena 9183:Saqultah 9102:Hurghada 9047:Manqabad 9015:Manfalut 8935:Maghagha 8903:Ibsheway 8895:Sinnuris 8867:El Fashn 8847:Al Wasta 8823:Ras Sedr 8702:Ismailia 8511:El Santa 8463:El Reyad 8447:Metoubes 8375:El Kurdi 8359:Dekernes 8346:Mansoura 8311:El Zarqa 8303:Faraskur 8290:Damietta 8259:El Dabaa 8251:El Hamam 8170:Damanhur 8127:Saryaqos 8047:El Ayyat 7820:et al., 7740:Mareotis 7715:(1911). 7641:Archived 7611:Archived 7603:"市级友好城市" 7581:Archived 7551:Archived 7547:mccpl.mu 7521:Archived 7435:Archived 7405:Archived 7375:Archived 7315:Archived 7285:Archived 7255:Archived 7225:Archived 7195:Archived 7072:Archived 7016:Archived 6941:Archived 6930:Archived 6917:, 2002. 6854:Archived 6801:Archived 6797:BBC News 6657:Archived 6614:Archived 6420:31291249 6380:PLOS ONE 6352:Archived 6304:Archived 6278:Archived 6248:Archived 6218:Archived 6194:3 August 6188:Archived 6168:12 March 6162:Archived 6136:Archived 6106:Archived 6080:Archived 5984:Archived 5954:Archived 5892:Archived 5859:"Modern" 5845:9 August 5814:Archived 5712:Archived 5673:Archived 5653:(1998). 5605:Archived 5582:Archived 5507:Archived 5407:Archived 5288:Archived 5239:Archived 5200:Archived 5128:Archived 5089:Archived 5050:Archived 5018:Archived 4988:Archived 4937:16 March 4843:Egyptian 4773:Baucalis 4746:See also 4740:, Greece 4732:Shanghai 4728:, Russia 4716:, Cyprus 4704:, Serbia 4702:Novi Sad 4698:, Cyprus 4696:Limassol 4690:Kazanlak 4557:Sporting 4550:, like: 4511:stadiums 4356:Theaters 4245:Μουσείον 4243:, Greek 4064:Highways 4004:Airports 3993:al-Fatāh 3931:Catholic 3712:Church, 3708:Church, 3696:Church, 3688:Church, 3684:Church, 3604:Catholic 3592:Melkites 3590:and the 3566:, after 3370:and his 3110:misnomer 3095:obelisks 3091:pedestal 3087:cemetery 2959:and the 2946:obelisks 2916:Poseidon 2791:Brucheum 2775:Rhakotis 2771:Rhakotis 2605:PLOS One 2494:3,298.9 2382:°C (°F) 2378:Average 2330:Average 2209:Average 1924:(113.0) 1909:(100.9) 1904:(102.2) 1899:(103.6) 1894:(105.3) 1889:(111.0) 1884:(113.0) 1879:(105.4) 1874:(104.0) 1794:Damietta 1558:Napoleon 1542:in 1820. 1507:Damietta 1387:Commodus 1368:Caligula 1341:Augustus 1337:Egyptian 1306:Carthage 1207:Persians 1163:rꜥ-qdy.t 1158:Egyptian 1154:Rhakotis 1015:Egyptian 1010:Rhakôtis 991:Rhacotis 912:Red Seas 901:and the 822:Rhacotis 801:), the 740:and the 736:city in 525:Demonyms 305:'s Bride 146:Rhakotis 11224:330s BC 11077:Attalia 11037:Antioch 10897:Tbilisi 10867:Sharjah 10837:Conakry 10822:Wrocław 10807:Incheon 10777:Bangkok 10762:Yerevan 10642:Antwerp 10500:Rosetta 10495:Nuweiba 10465:Hala'ib 10430:Dendera 10354:Mallawi 10283:Zagazig 10223:Bilbeis 10092:Zagazig 10087:Sharqia 10075:Red Sea 10003:Monufia 9979:Matrouh 9919:Gharbia 9847:Beheira 9734:Margham 9716:Dekhela 9599:Azarita 9571:Tharwat 9566:Stanley 9551:Zizinia 9501:Fleming 9460:Abu Qir 9351:Sebaiya 9347:Busylia 9343:Radisia 9299:Medamud 9275:Zainiya 9243:Farshut 9227:El Waqf 9127:Halayeb 9079:Farafra 9027:Abu Tig 8971:Bahnasa 8951:Mallawi 8947:Samalut 8931:El Idwa 8863:Sumusta 8803:Nuweiba 8603:Bilbeis 8590:Zagazig 8575:Shuhada 8555:Ashmoun 8519:Basyoun 8419:Nabaruh 8395:Sherbin 8319:Arrawda 8179:Rosetta 8063:Kerdasa 8039:El Saff 7918:at the 7900:. 2015. 7787:(2004) 6411:6619606 6388:Bibcode 6112:20 June 5375:Bibcode 5245:5 March 4734:, China 4684:Incheon 4662:, Italy 4660:Catania 4634:twinned 4484:surfing 4428:removed 4413:sources 4373:Theater 4272:Museums 4241:Museion 4203:Culture 4124:Abu Qir 3914:Schools 3816:Zionism 3796:Judaism 3741:Jesuits 3722:Russian 3670:Michael 3666:Gabriel 3254:Sultan 3126:Serapis 3014:talents 2982:Library 2978:Musaeum 2873:stadium 2700:Macedon 2680:RCP 4.5 2640:Algiers 2636:Abidjan 2447:(56.7) 2442:(48.2) 2437:(54.7) 2432:(60.6) 2427:(65.5) 2422:(68.7) 2417:(68.2) 2412:(64.2) 2407:(57.9) 2402:(52.3) 2397:(48.4) 2392:(46.0) 2387:(46.0) 2278:(8.33) 2273:(2.07) 2268:(1.45) 2263:(0.33) 2258:(0.03) 2238:(0.04) 2233:(0.10) 2228:(0.50) 2223:(1.39) 2218:(2.42) 2204:(34.2) 2199:(34.2) 2194:(40.3) 2189:(51.3) 2184:(57.2) 2179:(64.0) 2174:(62.6) 2169:(52.9) 2164:(47.3) 2159:(38.5) 2154:(36.1) 2149:(34.2) 2144:(34.2) 2134:(62.2) 2129:(52.0) 2124:(59.2) 2119:(66.7) 2114:(72.5) 2109:(75.9) 2104:(75.0) 2099:(71.1) 2094:(64.0) 2089:(57.7) 2084:(53.2) 2079:(49.5) 2074:(49.1) 2064:(69.6) 2059:(60.1) 2054:(67.3) 2049:(74.5) 2044:(79.5) 2039:(82.0) 2034:(80.8) 2029:(77.4) 2024:(72.0) 2019:(66.2) 2014:(61.5) 2009:(57.9) 2004:(57.2) 1994:(77.4) 1989:(68.2) 1984:(75.2) 1979:(82.0) 1974:(86.4) 1969:(87.8) 1964:(86.9) 1959:(84.4) 1954:(80.4) 1949:(75.4) 1944:(70.0) 1939:(66.2) 1934:(65.1) 1919:(87.8) 1914:(96.3) 1869:(91.4) 1864:(85.3) 1786:Kosseir 1736:Rosetta 1702:Climate 1691:Notes: 1685:21,805 1660:(2020) 1656:Density 1645:Region 1536:Rosetta 1439:Tarawus 1433:to the 1415:tsunami 1411:satires 1399:Hadrian 1302:Arabian 1279:Pharaoh 1275:Memphis 1253:viceroy 1172:Canopus 1115:History 1073:by the 1006:: 999:Ῥακῶτις 805:in the 797:(after 765:Memphis 707:-dree-ə 617:Website 612:(+20) 3 451:Founded 428:Country 138:Ρακώτις 11126:Europe 11097:Nicaea 11082:Edessa 11042:Apamea 10990:Africa 10918:2023: 10903:2022: 10888:2021: 10873:2020: 10858:2019: 10852:Athens 10843:2018: 10828:2017: 10813:2016: 10798:2015: 10783:2014: 10768:2013: 10753:2012: 10738:2011: 10723:2010: 10717:Beirut 10708:2009: 10693:2008: 10687:Bogotá 10678:2007: 10663:2006: 10648:2005: 10633:2004: 10618:2003: 10603:2002: 10597:Madrid 10588:2001: 10535:Talkha 10510:Safaga 10470:Kharga 10425:Dakhla 10415:Akhmim 10405:Abydos 10329:Desouk 10238:Imbaba 10233:Faiyum 10116:El Tor 10020:Kharga 9912:Faiyum 9907:Faiyum 9711:El Max 9688:Karmoz 9657:Bahary 9619:Shatby 9546:Smouha 9526:Roshdy 9521:Louran 9481:Bolkly 9445:Asafra 9291:El-Tod 9287:Armant 9235:Naqada 9223:Dishna 9151:Akhmim 9111:Safaga 9007:Dairut 8891:Tamiya 8882:Faiyum 8851:Nasser 8790:El Tor 8775:Nekhel 8667:Qantir 8631:Faqous 8563:Quesna 8547:Menouf 8471:Qallin 8459:Biyala 8451:Baltim 8443:Fuwwah 8439:Desouk 8411:Gamasa 8403:Belqas 8351:Talkha 8315:Assarw 8271:Sallum 8119:Khusus 8099:Khanka 8087:Qalyub 8051:Bawiti 7948:Fustat 7878:(1967) 7868: 7843: 7835: 7814:(1988) 7807:(1992) 7794:(2008) 7777: 7763:(1972) 7749:(1998) 7742:(1935) 7735:(2011) 7697: 7686:(1966) 7461:021.rs 7169: 7130:5 July 7104:5 July 7045: 6921: 6688: 6418: 6408: 5929:24 May 5872:24 May 5840:UNESCO 5806: 5779: 5754: 5744: 5718:11 May 5704: 5679:11 May 5665: 5565:284172 5563: 5501: 5401: 5393: 5341: 5314: 5262:, and 5174: 5134:19 May 5095:19 May 5081: 5042: 5024:19 May 4714:Paphos 4678:Durban 4642:Almaty 4636:with: 4589:Koroum 4567:Smouha 4565:– in " 4544:social 4540:squash 4378:Sports 4254:museum 4142:tram. 4136:diesel 3869:& 3828:Brazil 3824:France 3820:Israel 3775:Shatby 3578:. The 3504:Bahary 3380:strata 3252:mamluk 3114:Pompey 3062:Roman 2968:Saturn 2920:Temple 2886:Strabo 2839:mosque 2783:Rakotə 2779:Coptic 2777:(from 2676:Maputo 2672:Luanda 2660:Durban 2491:195.7 2488:224.1 2485:281.7 2482:296.7 2479:345.3 2476:362.2 2473:353.2 2470:316.8 2467:273.9 2464:247.0 2461:210.3 2458:192.0 2253:(0.0) 2248:(0.0) 2243:(0.0) 1815:Month 1790:Baltim 1746:, and 1740:Baltim 1682:203.57 1658:per km 1587:(1882) 1511:hotels 1501:, the 1329:Caesar 1321:Tanakh 1215:Pharos 1197:), as 1108:ـِيَّة 855:; its 849:Pharos 834:Fustat 809:, the 730:Coptic 712:Arabic 705:ZA(H)N 531:Arabic 454:331 BC 290:Emblem 51:Arabic 10927:Accra 10672:Turin 10505:Sadat 10420:Dahab 10389:Sohag 10374:Obour 10359:Minya 10314:Benha 10309:Aswan 10304:Arish 10278:Tanta 10263:Luxor 10218:Asyut 10192:Cairo 10104:Sohag 10099:Sohag 10056:Benha 10032:Arish 9996:Minya 9991:Minya 9972:Luxor 9967:Luxor 9924:Tanta 9876:Cairo 9871:Cairo 9840:Asyut 9835:Asyut 9828:Aswan 9823:Aswan 9536:Safar 9496:Shods 9476:Bakos 9424:Miami 9323:Daraw 9314:Aswan 9283:Kurna 9262:Luxor 9191:Tahta 9175:Girga 9142:Sohag 9083:Balat 9071:Baris 9051:Musha 9043:Sidfa 9023:Abnub 8998:Asyut 8967:Dalga 8943:Matai 8922:Minya 8799:Dahab 8763:Rafah 8754:Arish 8707:Fayed 8659:Tanis 8623:Hihya 8515:Qutur 8507:Zefta 8494:Tanta 8107:Toukh 8082:Benha 8059:Awsim 8043:Atfih 8002:Cairo 7068:Wired 6772:(PDF) 6620:5 May 6527:(PDF) 6507:. In 5561:JSTOR 5499:S2CID 5410:(PDF) 5399:S2CID 5373:(6). 5363:(PDF) 4874:Koinē 4870:Attic 4814:Notes 4708:Odesa 4480:Egypt 4468:Egypt 4462:is a 4331:Egypt 4251:word 4239:—the 4237:Muses 4229:Egypt 4191:Metro 4161:Trams 4122:) to 4088:Cairo 3987:Women 3512:Bilal 3478:Islam 3073:", a 2918:, or 2823:Egypt 2664:Lagos 2652:Dakar 2373:67.9 2325:31.1 2276:211.6 1854:Year 1767:sleet 1732:Rafah 1665:1996 1520:India 1509:, so 1458:siege 1225:as a 1150:Crete 1103:-iyya 884:early 838:Cairo 799:Cairo 782:from 738:Egypt 720:Greek 601:21xxx 591:UTC+3 570:UTC+2 433:Egypt 107:Greek 11020:Asia 10530:Taba 10520:Siwa 10450:Esna 10379:Qena 10334:Edfu 10273:Suez 10197:Giza 10128:Suez 10123:Suez 10068:Qena 10063:Qena 9936:Giza 9931:Giza 9511:Glim 9339:Edfu 9295:Esna 9231:Qift 9206:Qena 9187:Tima 8975:Idmo 8899:Itsa 8859:Biba 8807:Taba 8738:Suez 8571:Tala 8223:Badr 8183:Edku 8111:Qaha 8018:Giza 7866:ISBN 7841:ISBN 7833:ISBN 7775:ISBN 7695:ISBN 7649:2020 7619:2020 7589:2020 7559:2020 7529:2020 7499:2020 7469:2023 7443:2020 7413:2020 7383:2020 7353:2020 7323:2020 7293:2020 7263:2020 7233:2020 7203:2020 7167:ISBN 7132:2023 7106:2023 7080:2020 7043:ISBN 7024:2019 6994:2023 6919:ISBN 6881:2023 6809:2009 6779:2022 6741:2022 6686:ISBN 6665:2016 6622:2009 6535:2021 6491:2018 6463:2023 6442:2023 6416:PMID 6360:2014 6334:2023 6312:2021 6286:2021 6256:2021 6226:2021 6214:KAWA 6196:2015 6170:2013 6144:2016 6114:2013 6088:2009 6058:2023 6025:2023 5992:2022 5962:2021 5931:2013 5900:2017 5874:2013 5847:2023 5822:2020 5804:ISBN 5777:ISBN 5752:OCLC 5742:ISBN 5720:2019 5702:ISBN 5681:2019 5663:ISBN 5515:2021 5418:2021 5391:ISSN 5339:ISBN 5312:ISBN 5247:2017 5208:2021 5172:ISBN 5170:-7. 5136:2020 5097:2020 5079:ISBN 5058:2020 5040:ISBN 5026:2020 4996:2014 4939:2023 4872:and 4591:Club 4585:Club 4546:and 4490:and 4411:any 4409:cite 4336:The 4324:The 4264:The 4216:The 4102:Rail 4038:Port 3979:The 3898:and 3731:The 3700:and 3668:and 3629:and 3606:and 3570:and 3568:Rome 3390:and 3372:team 2987:The 2976:The 2955:The 2914:The 2892:The 2862:mole 2674:and 2668:Lomé 2554:Dec 2551:Nov 2548:Oct 2545:Sep 2542:Aug 2539:Jul 2536:Jun 2533:May 2530:Apr 2527:Mar 2524:Feb 2521:Jan 2501:NOAA 2445:13.7 2435:12.6 2430:15.9 2425:18.6 2420:20.4 2415:20.1 2410:17.9 2405:14.4 2400:11.3 2334:(%) 2322:5.9 2319:3.5 2316:1.2 2313:0.2 2310:0.4 2307:0.4 2304:0.5 2301:1.4 2298:1.2 2295:2.8 2292:5.4 2289:8.2 2271:52.7 2266:36.8 2226:12.8 2221:35.2 2216:61.4 2187:10.7 2182:14.0 2177:17.8 2172:17.0 2167:11.6 2132:16.8 2127:11.1 2122:15.1 2117:19.3 2112:22.5 2107:24.4 2102:23.9 2097:21.7 2092:17.8 2087:14.3 2082:11.8 2062:20.9 2057:15.6 2052:19.6 2047:23.6 2042:26.4 2037:27.8 2032:27.1 2027:25.2 2022:22.2 2017:19.0 2012:16.4 2007:14.4 2002:14.0 1992:25.2 1987:20.1 1982:24.0 1977:27.8 1972:30.2 1967:31.0 1962:30.5 1957:29.1 1952:26.9 1947:24.1 1942:21.1 1937:19.0 1932:18.4 1922:45.0 1917:31.0 1912:35.7 1907:38.3 1902:39.0 1897:39.8 1892:40.7 1887:43.9 1882:45.0 1877:40.8 1872:40.0 1867:33.0 1862:29.6 1851:Dec 1848:Nov 1845:Oct 1842:Sep 1839:Aug 1836:Jul 1833:Jun 1830:May 1827:Apr 1824:Mar 1821:Feb 1818:Jan 1771:hail 1769:and 1651:Area 1431:fell 1377:The 1315:The 1298:Tyre 1231:Nile 1174:and 1099:-eia 1034:Nile 922:Name 877:Rome 871:and 784:Suez 775:and 703:-ig- 557:US$ 482:Area 313:Alex 280:Flag 9239:Qus 9075:Mut 8363:Aga 6938:340 6927:330 6406:PMC 6396:doi 5553:doi 5549:118 5489:hdl 5481:doi 5383:doi 5294:".) 5120:doi 4422:by 3877:in 3502:in 3445:by 3308:by 2884:In 2841:of 2735:by 2440:9.0 2395:9.1 2390:7.8 2385:7.8 2370:68 2367:68 2364:68 2361:67 2358:71 2355:71 2352:68 2349:66 2346:65 2343:67 2340:67 2337:69 2261:8.3 2256:0.8 2251:0.0 2246:0.0 2241:0.0 2236:1.0 2231:2.6 2202:1.2 2197:1.2 2192:4.6 2162:8.5 2157:3.6 2152:2.3 2147:1.2 2142:1.2 2077:9.7 2072:9.5 1758:). 1724:BWh 1712:BSh 1653:km 1560:'s 1331:'s 1221:of 1111:). 1083:Al- 1060:as 968:in 840:). 777:oil 755:by 584:DST 574:EGY 551:EGP 542:GDP 11155:: 9353:, 9349:, 9345:, 9341:, 9337:, 9333:, 9329:, 9325:, 9321:, 9317:, 9297:, 9293:, 9289:, 9285:, 9281:, 9277:, 9273:, 9269:, 9265:, 9245:, 9241:, 9237:, 9233:, 9229:, 9225:, 9221:, 9217:, 9213:, 9209:, 9189:, 9185:, 9181:, 9177:, 9173:, 9169:, 9165:, 9161:, 9157:, 9153:, 9149:, 9145:, 9125:, 9121:, 9117:, 9113:, 9109:, 9105:, 9085:, 9081:, 9077:, 9073:, 9069:, 9049:, 9045:, 9041:, 9037:, 9033:, 9029:, 9025:, 9021:, 9017:, 9013:, 9009:, 9005:, 9001:, 8981:, 8977:, 8973:, 8969:, 8965:, 8961:, 8957:, 8953:, 8949:, 8945:, 8941:, 8937:, 8933:, 8929:, 8925:, 8905:, 8901:, 8897:, 8893:, 8889:, 8885:, 8865:, 8861:, 8857:, 8853:, 8849:, 8845:, 8841:, 8821:, 8817:, 8813:, 8809:, 8805:, 8801:, 8797:, 8793:, 8773:, 8769:, 8765:, 8761:, 8757:, 8721:, 8717:, 8713:, 8709:, 8705:, 8685:, 8665:, 8661:, 8657:, 8653:, 8649:, 8645:, 8641:, 8637:, 8633:, 8629:, 8625:, 8621:, 8617:, 8613:, 8609:, 8605:, 8601:, 8597:, 8593:, 8573:, 8569:, 8565:, 8561:, 8557:, 8553:, 8549:, 8545:, 8541:, 8521:, 8517:, 8513:, 8509:, 8505:, 8501:, 8497:, 8477:, 8473:, 8469:, 8465:, 8461:, 8457:, 8453:, 8449:, 8445:, 8441:, 8437:, 8417:, 8413:, 8409:, 8405:, 8401:, 8397:, 8393:, 8389:, 8385:, 8381:, 8377:, 8373:, 8369:, 8365:, 8361:, 8357:, 8353:, 8349:, 8329:, 8325:, 8321:, 8317:, 8313:, 8309:, 8305:, 8301:, 8297:, 8293:, 8273:, 8269:, 8265:, 8261:, 8257:, 8253:, 8249:, 8229:, 8225:, 8221:, 8217:, 8213:, 8209:, 8205:, 8201:, 8197:, 8193:, 8189:, 8185:, 8181:, 8177:, 8173:, 8153:, 8149:, 8129:, 8125:, 8121:, 8117:, 8113:, 8109:, 8105:, 8101:, 8097:, 8093:, 8089:, 8085:, 8065:, 8061:, 8057:, 8053:, 8049:, 8045:, 8041:, 8037:, 8033:, 8029:, 8025:, 8021:, 7864:, 7721:. 7635:. 7605:. 7575:. 7545:. 7515:. 7485:. 7459:. 7429:. 7399:. 7369:. 7339:. 7309:. 7279:. 7249:. 7223:. 7219:. 7189:. 7123:. 7097:. 7070:. 7066:. 7010:. 6985:. 6960:. 6913:. 6872:. 6795:. 6709:. 6655:. 6651:. 6552:. 6480:. 6414:. 6404:. 6394:. 6384:14 6382:. 6378:. 6272:. 6246:. 6242:. 6212:. 6134:. 6130:. 6078:. 6074:. 6044:. 6033:^ 6011:. 6000:^ 5982:. 5978:. 5952:. 5948:. 5917:. 5890:. 5838:. 5812:. 5750:. 5728:^ 5710:. 5671:. 5600:, 5559:. 5547:. 5517:. 5505:. 5497:. 5487:. 5477:42 5475:. 5471:. 5450:42 5448:. 5405:. 5397:. 5389:. 5381:. 5371:33 5369:. 5365:. 5231:. 5216:^ 5198:. 5196:AW 5194:. 5144:^ 5126:. 5114:. 5087:. 5048:. 5030:; 5012:. 4969:, 4930:. 4894:, 4882:; 4851:, 4841:; 4832:, 4513:: 4486:, 4352:. 4157:. 3964:, 3960:, 3944:, 3902:. 3838:. 3826:, 3822:, 3770:. 3660:, 3534:. 3382:. 3274:. 3248:AH 3227:. 3197:. 3097:. 2670:, 2666:, 2662:, 2658:, 2654:, 2650:, 2646:, 2642:, 2638:, 1792:, 1788:, 1784:, 1776:°F 1756:°F 1742:, 1738:, 1722:: 1606:. 1242:c. 1160:: 1089:; 1066:. 1001:, 997:: 918:. 879:. 817:. 786:. 750:c. 728:, 722:: 718:; 714:: 710:; 701:AL 694:-/ 688:ɑː 679:,- 533:: 311:, 307:, 10971:e 10964:t 10957:v 10569:e 10562:t 10555:v 10164:e 10157:t 10150:v 10130:) 10126:( 10118:) 10114:( 10106:) 10102:( 10094:) 10090:( 10082:) 10078:( 10070:) 10066:( 10058:) 10054:( 10046:) 10042:( 10034:) 10030:( 10022:) 10018:( 10010:) 10006:( 9998:) 9994:( 9986:) 9982:( 9974:) 9970:( 9962:) 9958:( 9950:) 9946:( 9938:) 9934:( 9926:) 9922:( 9914:) 9910:( 9902:) 9898:( 9890:) 9886:( 9878:) 9874:( 9866:) 9862:( 9854:) 9850:( 9842:) 9838:( 9830:) 9826:( 9818:) 9814:( 9784:e 9777:t 9770:v 9394:e 9387:t 9380:v 7979:e 7972:t 7965:v 7651:. 7621:. 7591:. 7561:. 7531:. 7501:. 7471:. 7445:. 7415:. 7385:. 7355:. 7325:. 7295:. 7265:. 7235:. 7205:. 7175:. 7134:. 7108:. 7082:. 7051:. 7026:. 6996:. 6947:. 6898:. 6883:. 6839:. 6825:. 6811:. 6781:. 6743:. 6694:. 6667:. 6624:. 6556:. 6537:. 6493:. 6465:. 6444:. 6422:. 6398:: 6390:: 6362:. 6336:. 6314:. 6288:. 6258:. 6228:. 6198:. 6172:. 6146:. 6116:. 6090:. 6060:. 6027:. 5994:. 5964:. 5933:. 5902:. 5876:. 5849:. 5785:. 5758:. 5722:. 5683:. 5588:. 5567:. 5555:: 5491:: 5483:: 5420:. 5385:: 5377:: 5347:. 5320:. 5249:. 5210:. 5180:. 5168:2 5138:. 5122:: 5099:. 5060:. 5028:. 4998:. 4955:. 4941:. 4906:. 4899:: 4887:: 4860:. 4569:" 4559:" 4449:) 4443:( 4438:) 4434:( 4430:. 4416:. 4097:) 4090:) 4077:) 3468:) 3462:( 3457:) 3453:( 3439:. 3331:) 3325:( 3320:) 3316:( 3302:. 3069:" 2911:. 2758:) 2752:( 2747:) 2743:( 2729:. 1718:( 1417:( 1389:) 1247:) 1191:( 1156:( 1129:. 1105:( 1095:x 1046:( 1026:( 993:( 847:( 691:n 685:z 682:ˈ 676:ə 673:i 670:r 667:d 664:n 661:æ 658:z 655:ˈ 652:ɡ 649:ɪ 646:l 643:æ 640:ˌ 637:/ 633:( 586:) 576:) 572:( 555:( 537:) 141:: 124:: 109:) 105:( 81:: 66:: 53:) 49:( 23:.

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.