69:
149:(FBI), carried out background checks on military personnel having access to classified material, investigations of possible sabotage and subversion, and allegations of disloyalty, especially those directed against Americans of Japanese, Italian or German ancestry. Despite the prohibitions in the delimitation agreement with the FBI, the CIC ended up devoting considerable effort to civilian investigations. As Volume 7 of
165:
incurred the
President's wrath. In any event, the CIC protected the investigative records it had so painstakingly accumulated. According to Sayer and Botting (p. 47) "When the command was given to cease any investigations of known or suspected Communists and destroy all files on such persons immediately, eight of the nine Corps Area Commanders took the remarkable step of disobeying this order". According to the
293:, and searching for and arresting notable members of the previous regime. Despite the problem of demobilization, with many experienced agents returning to civilian life, CIC became the leading intelligence organization in the American occupation zones, and very soon found themselves facing a new enemy in the emerging
256:
that obtained German rocket scientists for the United States before the
Soviets took them. This action aided in the success of the American rocket development program and resultant adventure into space. CIC actively continued counterintelligence activities in the Cold War, Korean War and Vietnam War.
155:
explains: "Espionage and sabotage, being enemy directed, involved more than one person. Usually there were a number in the chain extending from the agent in the United States back through cutouts and couriers to the enemy country. This inevitably involved civilians with military suspects and the case
350:
A further report in 1988 also examined the CIC's use of Nazi war criminals and collaborators as informants in the years after World War II. In June 1988, Office of
Special Investigations within the Criminal Division of the Department of Justice issued a public report which revealed that "at least 14
159:
However the use of informants within the Army became politically controversial, and CIC was forced to curtail its activities. In particular, the CIC was ordered to cease its domestic investigations, to destroy its investigative records, and to ship its agents out to overseas theaters. The reason for
315:
learned that "Army intelligence had 1500 plain clothes agents watching every demonstration of 20 people or more throughout the United States". Pyle's disclosures led to
Congressional investigations and a crackdown on what was regarded as the Army's investigative excesses. This ended what advocates
129:
was the first Chief of the School and CIC. The CIC recruited men with legal, police, or other investigative backgrounds, and particularly looked for men with foreign language skills. Special CIC teams were created during World War II in Europe, in large part from the
Military Intelligence Service
164:
of the Corps, "the speed left little doubt that someone—possibly
Communists who still held key positions in government—was determined to halt CIC investigative activities in the United States". Another possible explanation is that the CIC mistakenly bugged the hotel room of Eleanor Roosevelt and
137:
As most CIC agents in the field (as well as
Military Intelligence Service in Europe) held only non-commissioned officer rank— corporals and various grades of sergeant— they wore either plain clothes, or uniforms without badges of rank; in place of rank insignia, and so as not to be perceived as
210:
theaters of operations CIC deployed detachments at all levels. These detachments provided tactical intelligence about the enemy from captured documents, interrogations of captured troops, and from para-military and civilian sources. They were also involved in providing security for military
745:
On 5 November 1943 the Army ordered all CIC agents out of
Washington, D.C. On the following day, the Army Inspector General submitted a devastating report on the CIC. In February 1944 the position of Chief, Counter Intelligence Corps was abolished and CIC Headquarters was
169:
of the Corps, this information proved highly valuable in controlling communism: "the information acquired by CIC from May 1941 to
September 1945 regarding communism and its adherents played a major part in keeping communism under control in the United States ever since".
198:
presided as secretary-general. Three years later, when Alger Hiss was accused of being a
Communist and filed a libel suit against his accuser, his lawyers unwittingly hired an undercover CIC Special Agent as their Chief Investigator to help prepare his libel suit.
138:
privates, agents typically wore officer "U.S." collar insignia. They were instructed to identify themselves only as "Agent" or "Special Agent" as appropriate, in order to facilitate their work. These practices continue among modern counterintelligence agents.
307:
The proliferation of intelligence agencies had meant duplication of effort and disputes over responsibility, so in 1961 the CIC ceased to exist as an independent organization, as it was rolled into the Army's new Military Intelligence Branch.
332:" – a conduit for spiriting informants and defectors out of the Soviet Zones of Occupation to safety in South America, via Italy or Spain, with false identities and documents paid for by CIC and made by the Vatican.
156:
became connected with the FBI. The military aspect became minor, and major investigative effort was in the civilian community to locate the higher-ups who presumably were controlling more than one agent."
65:. The National Counter Intelligence Corps Association (NCICA), a veterans' association, was established in the years immediately following World War II by former military intelligence agents.
304:
in June 1950 meant that CIC was once again involved in a military conflict, and it underwent a major expansion. However this proved to be CIC's last chance to enjoy resources and recruits.
351:
suspected Nazi war criminals, a number of whom likely were involved in the murder of Jews in occupied Europe, had been employed as intelligence informants by the CIC in Austria."
215:
networks. They also provided training to combat units in security, censorship, the seizure of documents, and the dangers of booby traps. In some cases CIC agents such as
847:
320:
HQ in 20 minutes, from practically any city in the U.S., seconds or brief minutes later the report was in Operations Center in a lower basement of the Pentagon".
191:
787:
For the account of one agent working undercover at the San Francisco conference and photos of fellow agents there, see Special Agent Leonard L. (Igor) Gorin
1151:
880:"Horace Miner collection, 1941-1992 (majority within 1941-1945) - University of Michigan William L. Clements Library - University of Michigan Finding Aids"
224:
825:. At the time of her death, she was writing a book on the Corps and this passage from its last chapter is quoted in Duval Edwards' account on pp. 281–2.
316:
regarded as the peak of counterintelligence efficiency: "At the height of the disturbance period, a CIC agent could get a report from the street to
109:
The looming threat of war in the late 1930s brought an expansion of the CIP back to its World War I levels, and the entry of the United States into
618:
54:
944:, History Office, Office of Strategic Management and Information, US Army Intelligence and Security Command, Fort Belvoir, Virginia, Dec 2005.
475:
1009:
623:
166:
161:
151:
1146:
17:
289:
In the immediate post-war period, the CIC operated in the occupied countries, particularly Japan, Germany and Austria, countering the
865:
1107:
Counterspy Mission in World War II: Recollections and Impressions of a United States Army Counter Intelligence Corps Special Agent,
707:"Counter Intelligence Corps: History and Mission in WWII", U.S. Army Military History Institute, Carlisle Barracks, PA 17013-5008.
1161:
628:
62:
58:
1156:
970:
336:
552:
463:
343:, a Croatian cleric based in Rome, who while working for CIC, also operated his own clandestine rat-line to transport
265:
After the war, in West Germany, the CIC also directed the so-called "Project Happiness" that sought to recruit former
1077:
1042:
1019:
1002:
985:
933:
834:
125:, effective from 1 January 1942. A new complement of 543 officers and 4,431 non-commissioned agents was authorized.
274:
146:
1114:
1100:
1056:
949:
203:
1166:
926:
Spy Catchers of the U.S. Army in the War with Japan (The Unfinished Story of the Counterintelligence Corps).
788:
681:
613:
90:
82:
160:
this sudden and unprecedented expulsion has never been clarified. One leading theory was expressed in the
447:
906:
278:
978:
Counter Intelligence: The Conflict and the Conquest: Recollections of a World War II Agent in Europe.
1028:
Covert Warfare: Intelligence, Counterintelligence and Military Deception During the World War II Era
835:"Implementation of the Nazi War Crimes Disclosure Act: An Interim Report to Congress," October 1999
940:
530:
207:
142:
879:
340:
521:
183:
114:
733:
1027:
664:"COUNTER-ESPIONAGE IS REVIVED BY ARMY: Corps Reorganized to Combat Sabotage and Disloyalty,"
509:
414:
93:
in France, at its peak numbered over 600 men. However, in the post-war period, the policy of
227:(AMGOT) officers. As the war in Europe came to a close, CIC were involved in the Operations
564:
239:, searching for German personnel and research in atomic weapons, rockets and cryptography.
134:). However, there were never enough of these, and local interpreters were often recruited.
8:
1092:
The Axmann Conspiracy: The Nazi Plan for a Fourth Reich and How the U.S. Army Defeated It
1049:
Hey Nazis, I'm Coming For You: Memories of Counter Intelligence Corps Activities in WWII.
600:
406:
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232:
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46:
666:
515:
396:
329:
50:
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548:
469:
312:
118:
98:
68:
1131:
1065:
453:
402:
384:
228:
216:
86:
1084:
We Caught Spies: Adventures of an American Counter Intelligence Agent in Europe,
1035:
Soldiers, Spies, and the Rat Line: America's Undeclared War Against the Soviets.
955:
809:
706:
558:
525:
494:
488:
360:
273:
members as informants to infiltrate East German communist parties, such as the
101:
meant that by the mid-1930s its numbers had fallen to fewer than 20 personnel.
89:
in 1917. This organization, operating within the USA and on attachment to the
1140:
588:
582:
570:
536:
459:
441:
317:
61:. Its functions are now performed by its modern-day descendant organization,
848:"(S+) Informant »O-35-VIII«: Willy Brandt war für den US-Geheimdienst aktiv"
211:
installations and staging areas, located enemy agents, and acted to counter
53:
consisting of highly trained special agents. Its role was taken over by the
594:
542:
483:
435:
378:
290:
223:
military government on the occupation of large towns before the arrival of
131:
117:
brought an even greater expansion and a new name. On 13 December 1941, the
110:
94:
72:
U.S. Army Counterintelligence Corps Special Agent Badge around World War II
39:
1070:
America's Secret Army: The Untold Story of the Counter Intelligence Corps.
912:
990:
503:
429:
420:
212:
301:
195:
732:. For an account of CIC encroachment into territory designated by the
1061:
479:
372:
1127:
441st Counterintelligence and Military Intelligence Official History
1091:
995:
Case by Case: A U.S. Army Counterintelligence Agent in World War II.
913:
Counter Intelligence Corps History and Mission in World War II (PDF)
805:
647:
344:
866:"Donald Lunde, psychiatrist in infamous Bay Area cases, dies at 70"
328:
One of CIC's operations in post-war Europe was the operation of a "
294:
43:
941:
In the Shadow of the Sphinx: A History of Army Counterintelligence
266:
182:, including duty as couriers of fissionable bomb materials from
388:
187:
411:
J. Griffin Crump, editor, The Journal of Intergroup Relations
236:
339:
investigation also uncovered the CIC's dealings with Father
821:
The quotation is from Ann Bray, one of the contributors to
178:
CIC units were also involved in providing security for the
252:
At the end of World War II CIC agents were successful in
1126:
27:
Former intelligence agency within the United States Army
1132:
National Counterintelligence Center – CIC in WWII
323:
121:
of the Army issued an order renaming the CIP as the
1011:
The History of the Counter Intelligence Corps (CIC)
789:"United Nations Formation 1945—CIC Security Role".
225:
Allied Military Government for Occupied Territories
141:Within the U.S. the CIC, in collaboration with the
938:Gilbert, James L., John P. Finnegan and Ann Bray.
1138:
793:, Serial Issue #2004-3, Winter 2004-5, pp. 16–20
652:National Counter Intelligence Corps Association
823:The History of the Counter Intelligence Corps
772:The History of the Counter Intelligence Corps
756:The History of the Counter Intelligence Corps
624:The History of the Counter Intelligence Corps
311:While serving in the U.S. Army in the 1960s,
152:The History of the Counter Intelligence Corps
907:CIC Records: A Valuable Tool for Researchers
1152:Defunct United States intelligence agencies
450:. former United States Secret Service Agent
1007:
97:, retrenchment of military spending, and
845:
682:"This Week in History: 24 February 1941"
67:
961:Army Surveillance in America: 1775–1980
736:World War II: Expanding the Boundaries.
14:
1139:
1033:Milano, James V., and Patrick Brogan.
629:United States Army Counterintelligence
247:
242:
63:United States Army Counterintelligence
59:United States Army Intelligence Agency
354:
952:(This file might take time to load.)
846:Wiegrefe, Klaus (17 December 2021).
718:Counter Intelligence in World War II
260:
192:United Nations Organizing Conference
190:. They also operated in 1945 at the
173:
284:
24:
1147:Branches of the United States Army
1109:Professional Pr (September 1993).
918:
553:Military Intelligence Hall of Fame
464:Military Intelligence Hall of Fame
25:
1178:
1120:
1095:. Berkley (Penguin), Sept. 2012.
674:
500:William A. McNeill, DET 430th CIC
393:Hugh Colopy, Akron, Ohio attorney
806:"Bringing Alger Hiss to Justice"
375:, writer and theatrical producer
347:war criminals to Latin America.
1086:Duell, Sloan and Pearce (1946).
872:
858:
839:
828:
815:
798:
781:
219:found themselves acting as the
147:Federal Bureau of Investigation
104:
81:The CIC had its origins in the
1162:Military intelligence agencies
765:
749:
739:
722:
711:
700:
658:
640:
13:
1:
965:Yale University Press. 1991.
194:in San Francisco, over which
57:in 1961 and, in 1967, by the
1157:Counterintelligence agencies
928:Red Apple Publishing, 1994.
634:
614:Corps of Intelligence Police
591:, Linguist, Language Teacher
579:, Pennsylvania State Senator
91:American Expeditionary Force
83:Corps of Intelligence Police
55:U.S. Army Intelligence Corps
7:
619:Military Intelligence Corps
607:
10:
1183:
900:
123:Counter Intelligence Corps
76:
32:Counter Intelligence Corps
18:Counter Intelligence Corps
1026:(Published as part 11 of
1008:Mendelsohn, John (1989).
980:Ranger Associates, 1986.
884:findingaids.lib.umich.edu
551:, USAF Lt Col after war,
381:, later German chancellor
324:The "ratline" controversy
497:, California congressman
462:, District Court judge,
417:, California congressman
405:, Lieutenant Colonel at
1051:Gainsway Press (2004).
728:The quotation is on p.
671:13 January 1942; p. 11.
573:, roller derby promoter
531:William Hughes Mulligan
143:Provost Marshal General
1082:Schwartzwalder, John,
423:, lieutenant, Assassin
184:Los Alamos, New Mexico
73:
1089:Selby, Scott Andrew.
1072:Grafton Books, 1989.
1037:Potomac Books (2000)
1014:. New York: Garland.
597:, geography professor
491:, editor and novelist
415:William E. Dannemeyer
337:Department of Justice
71:
1167:White Shirts Society
976:Koudelka, Edward R.
565:Robert Saxton Taylor
456:, Secretary of State
341:Krunoslav Draganović
300:The outbreak of the
868:. 25 December 2007.
601:William Lewis Uanna
545:, lawyer and jurist
426:Foxtrot, Art Dealer
407:Roswell, New Mexico
313:Christopher H. Pyle
254:Operation Paperclip
248:Operation Paperclip
243:Post-war operations
127:Garland H. Williams
99:economic depression
47:intelligence agency
924:Edwards, Duval A.
688:. 19 February 2013
667:The New York Times
585:, Ohio congressman
516:George J. Mitchell
478:, psychiatrist of
397:Miles Copeland Jr.
355:Notable CIC agents
74:
51:United States Army
1105:Vaughn, Bradley,
971:978-0-300-04668-7
603:, Security Expert
577:Richard A. Snyder
567:, Library Officer
367:Donald L. Barlett
261:Project Happiness
180:Manhattan Project
174:Manhattan Project
16:(Redirected from
1174:
1025:
997:Presidio, 1993.
895:
894:
892:
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678:
672:
662:
656:
655:
644:
549:Richard Sakakida
512:, anthropologist
470:Morton Kondracke
432:, Alaska senator
285:Other activities
167:official history
162:official history
119:Adjutant General
21:
1182:
1181:
1177:
1176:
1175:
1173:
1172:
1171:
1137:
1136:
1123:
1066:Douglas Botting
1022:
921:
919:Further reading
903:
898:
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774:, volume 7, p.
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533:, Federal judge
518:, Maine senator
506:, film producer
454:Henry Kissinger
403:Philip J. Corso
385:John F. Collins
357:
326:
287:
263:
250:
245:
217:Henry Kissinger
176:
130:personnel (see
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87:Ralph Van Deman
79:
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5:
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1121:External links
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1047:Myers, Larry,
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648:"CIC History"
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991:Melchior, Ib
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887:. Retrieved
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690:. Retrieved
686:www.army.mil
685:
676:
665:
660:
651:
642:
595:Waldo Tobler
543:Cruz Reynoso
539:, journalist
510:Horace Miner
484:Patty Hearst
476:Donald Lunde
472:, journalist
436:Bill Hartman
379:Willy Brandt
369:, journalist
349:
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291:black market
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132:Ritchie Boys
122:
111:World War II
108:
105:World War II
95:isolationism
80:
40:World War II
35:
31:
29:
852:Der Spiegel
524:, Mayor of
504:Ib Melchior
430:Mike Gravel
421:Ahn Doo-hee
387:, Mayor of
213:stay-behind
85:founded by
49:within the
1141:Categories
1115:188036557X
1101:0425252701
1062:Sayer, Ian
1057:1930807104
950:1234461366
889:15 January
746:dissolved.
561:, novelist
448:Clint Hill
399:, musician
363:, composer
302:Korean War
196:Alger Hiss
42:and early
635:Footnotes
555:inductee.
522:Tom Moody
480:Ed Kemper
466:inductee.
438:, athlete
373:Noel Behn
233:Paperclip
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