837:
4794:
1197:
950:
2733:
2714:(ILP) efforts, the most quantitatively amenable starting point for measuring the effectiveness of any policing strategy (i.e.: Neighborhood Watch, Gun Abatement, Foot Patrols, etc.) is usually to assess total financial costs against clearance rates or arrest rates. Since terrorism is such a rare event phenomena, measuring arrests or clearance rates would be a non-generalizable and ineffective way to test enforcement policy effectiveness. Another methodological problem in assessing counterterrorism efforts in law enforcement hinges on finding operational measures for key concepts in the study of
777:
407:
521:
220:
324:
624:
1131:
580:
2654:
2557:
52:
715:
enforcement and with full respect for human rights and the rule of law. We recommend: (1) taking effective measures to make impunity impossible either for acts of terrorism or for the abuse of human rights in counter-terrorism measures. (2) the incorporation of human rights laws in all anti-terrorism programs and policies of national governments as well as international bodies."
33:
1044:(supervisory control and data acquisition) networks. Part of the vulnerability is due to deregulation, leading to much more interconnection in a grid designed for only occasional power-selling between utilities. A small number of terrorists, attacking critical power facilities when one or more engineers have infiltrated the power control centers, could wreak havoc.
723:) have suggested that more effort needs to be given to the effective inclusion of human rights protection as a crucial element in that cooperation. They argue that international human rights obligations do not stop at borders, and a failure to respect human rights in one state may undermine its effectiveness in the global effort to cooperate to combat terrorism.
3493:
2698:
Following suit from federal changes pursuant to 9/11, however, most state and local law enforcement agencies began to include a commitment to "fighting terrorism" in their mission statements. Local agencies began to establish more patterned lines of communication with federal agencies. Some scholars
1048:
Equipping likely targets with containers of pig lard has been used to discourage attacks by suicide bombers. The technique was apparently used on a limited scale by
British authorities in the 1940s. The approach stems from the idea that Muslims perpetrating the attack would not want to be "soiled" by
808:
This can take many forms, including the provision of clean drinking water, education, vaccination programs, provision of food and shelter and protection from violence, military or otherwise. Successful human security campaigns have been characterized by the participation of a diverse group of actors,
187:
Although terrorist attacks affecting
Western countries generally receive a disproportionately large share of media attention, most terrorism occurs in less developed countries. Government responses to terrorism, in some cases, tend to lead to substantial unintended consequences, such as what occurred
2614:
A particular design problem for counterterrorist systems is the uncertainty of the future: the threat of terrorism may increase, decrease or remain the same, the type of terrorism and location are difficult to predict, and there are technological uncertainties. A potential solution is to incorporate
352:
in
Northern Ireland. From 1974 to 1989, the temporary provisions of the act were renewed annually. Their original counterterrorism legislation was used to predict future IRA attacks and respond accordingly based on their predictions. For example, if British Security Forces attacked, they predicted
2758:
Given the nature of operational counterterrorism tasks national military organizations do not generally have dedicated units whose sole responsibility is the prosecution of these tasks. Instead the counterterrorism function is an element of the role, allowing flexibility in their employment, with
731:
Some countries see preemptive attacks as a legitimate strategy. This includes capturing, killing, or disabling suspected terrorists before they can mount an attack. Israel, the United
Kingdom, the United States, and Russia have taken this approach, while Western European states generally do not.
646:
Examples of these problems can include prolonged, incommunicado detention without judicial review or long periods of 'preventive detention'; risk of subjecting to torture during the transfer, return and extradition of people between or within countries; and the adoption of security measures that
1096:
Again under an incident command model, local police can isolate the incident area, reducing confusion, and specialized police units can conduct tactical operations against terrorists, often using specialized counterterrorist tactical units. Bringing in such units will typically involve civil or
696:
United
Nations experts condemned the misuse of counterterrorism powers by the Egyptian authorities following the arrest, detention, and designation of human rights activists Ramy Shaath and Zyad El-Elaimy as terrorists. The two activists were arrested in June 2019, and the first-ever renewal of
655:
passed new counterterrorism laws, widely criticized by local human rights groups for being vague and overbroad. Critics claim that the laws put the fundamental rights of free expression, association, and assembly at risk. Malaysia persisted in holding around 100 alleged militants without trial,
638:
One of the primary difficulties of implementing effective counterterrorist measures is the waning of civil liberties and individual privacy that such measures often entail, both for citizens of, and for those detained by states attempting to combat terror. At times, measures designed to tighten
280:
To select the effective action when terrorism appears to be more of an isolated event, the appropriate government organizations need to understand the source, motivation, methods of preparation, and tactics of terrorist groups. Good intelligence is at the heart of such preparation, as well as a
2640:
scholars have criticized efforts of law enforcement agencies to combat terrorism as futile and expensive or as threats to civil liberties, other scholars have analyzed the most important dimensions of the policing of terrorism as an important dimension of counter-terrorism, especially in the
714:
Democratic principles and values are essential tools in the fight against terrorism. Any successful strategy for dealing with terrorism requires terrorists to be isolated. Consequently, the preference must be to treat terrorism as criminal acts to be handled through existing systems of law
2706:
and border patrol) have been adapted during the last decade, to enhance counter-terror in law enforcement, there have been remarkable limitations to assessing the actual utility/effectiveness of law enforcement practices that are ostensibly preventative. Thus, while sweeping changes in
1152:
whose role is to directly engage terrorists and prevent terrorist attacks. Such units perform both in preventive actions, hostage rescue, and responding to ongoing attacks. Countries of all sizes can have highly trained counterterrorist teams. Tactics, techniques, and procedures for
2606:
The scope for counterterrorism systems is very large in physical terms and in other dimensions, such as type and degree of terrorist threats, political and diplomatic ramifications, and legal concerns. Ideal counterterrorist systems use technology to enable persistent
1188:. In some countries, the military may be called in as a last resort. For countries whose military is legally permitted to conduct domestic law enforcement operations, this is not an issue, and such counterterrorism operations are conducted by their military.
701:
Many argue that such violations of rights could exacerbate rather than counter the terrorist threat. Human rights activists argue for the crucial role of human rights protection as an intrinsic part to fight against terrorism. This suggests, as proponents of
739:
of known or suspected terrorists to obtain information about specific plots, targets, the identity of other terrorists, whether or not the interrogation subjects himself is guilty of terrorist involvement. Sometimes more extreme methods are used to increase
2628:
While some countries with longstanding terrorism problems have law enforcement agencies primarily designed to prevent and respond to terror attacks, in other nations, counterterrorism is a relatively more recent objective of law enforcement agencies.
1016:
A more sophisticated target-hardening approach must consider industrial and other critical industrial infrastructure that could be attacked. Terrorists do not need to import chemical weapons if they can cause a major industrial accident such as the
697:
remand detention for Shaath came for the 21st time in 19 months on 24 January 2021. Experts called it alarming, and demanded the urgent implementation of the
Working Group's opinion and removal of the two's names from the "terrorism entities' list.
1180:
and hostage takings that allow the counterterrorist units to assemble and respond; it is harder to deal with shorter incidents such as assassinations or reprisal attacks, due to the short warning time and the quick exfiltration of the assassins.
2619:
into system design, allowing for flexibility when new information arrives. Flexibility can be incorporated in the design of a counter-terrorism system in the form of options that can be exercised in the future when new information is available.
2777:
In cases where military organisations do operate in the domestic context some form of formal handover from the law enforcement community is regularly required, to ensure adherence to the legislative framework and limitations. such as the
375:
in the United States. It received royal assent and went into force on
December 13, 2001. On December 16, 2004, the Law Lords ruled that Part 4 was incompatible with the European Convention on Human Rights. However, under the terms of the
4399:
Kilburn, John C. Jr.; Costanza, S.E.; Metchik, Eric; Borgeson, Kevin (2011). "Policing Terror
Threats and False Positives: Employing a Signal Detection Model to Examine Changes in National and Local Policing Strategy between 2001–2007".
1049:
the lard in the moment before dying. The idea has been suggested more recently as a deterrent to suicide bombings in Israel. However, the actual effectiveness of this tactic is likely limited. A sympathetic
Islamic scholar could issue a
800:
paradigm outlines a non-military approach that aims to address the enduring underlying inequalities which fuel terrorist activity. Causal factors need to be delineated and measures implemented which allow equal access to resources and
549:
in Spain." He said that
Australia's counterterrorism laws "require review and, where necessary, updating if we are to have a legal framework capable of safeguarding all Australians from the scourge of terrorism." The
4681:
485:, because the Posse Comitatus Act does not cover naval services, even though they are federal military forces. The Department of Defense can be employed domestically on Presidential order, as was done during the
1304:
All hostages murdered; 5 kidnappers and 1 West German police officer killed. 3 kidnappers captured and released. This fatal result was the reason for the foundation of the German special counterterrorism unit
1065:(ICS) may be invoked to control the various services that may need to be involved in the response. ICS has varied levels of escalation, such as might be required for multiple incidents in a given area (e.g.
614:
passed a comprehensive law against terrorism, forbidding any kind of terrorism and support of terrorism, and setting severe punishments for terrorists. The law also regulates legal efforts against terrorism.
457:"The direct or indirect supply, sale, or transfer of weapons to terrorist organizations violates U.N. Security Resolution 2216 (as extended and renewed by resolutions 2675 and 2707) and international law."
690:
In Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Tunisia, Yemen, and other countries, scores of people have been arrested and arbitrarily detained in connection with suspected terrorist acts or links to opposition armed groups.
2718:. Both terrorism and homeland security are relatively new concepts for criminologists, and academicians have yet to agree on the matter of how to properly define these ideas in a way that is accessible.
668:
Hundreds of foreign nationals remain in prolonged indefinite detention without charge or trial in Guantánamo Bay, despite international and U.S. constitutional standards some groups believe outlaw such
4495:
822:
A 2017 study found that "governance and civil society aid is effective in dampening domestic terrorism, but this effect is only present if the recipient country is not experiencing a civil conflict."
554:
supplemented the powers of the earlier acts. The Australian legislation allows police to detain suspects for up to two weeks without charge and to electronically track suspects for up to a year. The
155:
4563:
James Mitchell, "Identifying Potential Terrorist Targets" a study in the use of convergence. G2 Whitepaper on terrorism, copyright 2006, G2. Counterterrorism Conference, June 2006, Washington D.C.
662:
In December 2003, Colombia's congress approved legislation that would give the military the power to arrest, tap telephones, and carry out searches without warrants or any previous judicial order.
1122:, from local to the national level, may be designated to deal with identification, and sometimes mitigation, of possible biological attacks, and sometimes chemical or radiologic contamination.
919:
Whatever the target of terrorists, there are multiple ways of hardening the targets to prevent the terrorists from hitting their mark, or reducing the damage of attacks. One method is to place
2641:
post-9/11 era, and have discussed how police view terrorism as a matter of crime control. Such analyses highlight the civilian police role in counterterrorism next to the military model of a
4587:
4243:
Deflem, Mathieu and Samantha Hauptman. 2013. "Policing International Terrorism." Pp. 64–72 in Globalisation and the Challenge to Criminology, edited by Francis Pakes. London: Routledge.
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3719:
3166:
659:
In November 2003, a Canadian-Syrian national, Maher Arar, publicly alleged that he had been tortured in a Syrian prison after being handed over to the Syrian authorities by the U.S.
2699:
have doubted the ability of local police to help in the war on terror and suggest their limited manpower is still best utilized by engaging community and targeting street crimes.
1494:
5 kidnappers killed, 1 kidnapper captured. 1 hostage killed prior to raid, 1 hostage killed by kidnapper during raid; 24 hostages rescued. 1 SAS operative received minor burns.
1176:
experts, dog handlers, and intelligence officers. Most of these measures deal with terrorist attacks that affect an area or threaten to do so, or are lengthy situations such as
4133:
1484:
1077:
invocation if national-level resources are needed. For example, a national response might be required for a nuclear, biological, radiological, or significant chemical attack.
4434:
Kilburn, John C. Jr. and Costanza, S.E. 2009 "Immigration and Homeland Security" published in Battleground: Immigration (Ed: Judith Ann Warner); Greenwood Publishing, Ca.
710:
included a section on confronting terrorism in the recommendations in the Madrid Agenda arising from the Madrid Summit on Democracy and Terrorism (Madrid March 8–11, 2005):
665:
Images of torture and ill-treatment of detainees in U.S. custody in Iraq and other locations have encouraged international scrutiny of U.S. operations in the war on terror.
545:
on March 31. He described it as "a bill to strengthen Australia's counter-terrorism laws in a number of respects – a task made more urgent following the recent tragic
2707:
counterterrorist rhetoric redefined most American post 9/11 law enforcement agencies in theory, it is hard to assess how well such hyperbole has translated into practice.
4087:
1088:, perhaps supplemented by public works agencies, utility providers, and heavy construction contractors, are most apt to deal with the physical consequences of an attack.
2205:
Negotiation finished. 80 hostages released. RMN, including PASKAL navy commandos with mixed international forces patrolling the Gulf of Aden during this festive period.
4112:
4454:
Ivan Arreguín-Toft, "How to Lose a War on Terror: A Comparative Analysis of a Counterinsurgency Success and Failure," in Jan Ångström and Isabelle Duyvesteyn, Eds.,
3530:
894:
Repression by the military in itself usually leads to short term victories, but tend to be unsuccessful in the long run (e.g., the French doctrine used in colonial
836:
891:
in Northern Ireland. Although military action can temporarily disrupt a terrorist group's operations temporarily, it sometimes does not end the threat completely.
4793:
4509:
Overview on the economical character of current terrorism, Strategic Impact (ROMANIA) (ISSN: 1841–5784) (eISSN: 1824–9904) 62/2017: (Issue No. 1) pp. 83–100.
4172:
Buurman, J.; Zhang, S.; Babovic, V. (2009). "Reducing Risk Through Real Options in Systems Design: The Case of Architecting a Maritime Domain Protection System".
3269:"How to Save Face & the Fourth Amendment: Developing an Algorithmic Auditing and Accountability Industry for Facial Recognition Technology in Law Enforcement"
180:, Western governments made counterterrorism efforts a priority. This included more extensive collaboration with foreign governments, shifting tactics involving
4302:
Michael Bayer. 2010. The Blue Planet: Informal International Police Networks and National Intelligence. Washington, DC: National Intelligence Defense College.
336:
The United Kingdom has had counterterrorism legislation in place for more than thirty years. The Prevention of Violence Act 1938 was brought in response to an
281:
political and social understanding of any grievances that might be solved. Ideally, one gets information from inside the group, a very difficult challenge for
4490:
2985:
2250:
141 Indian civilians, 30 foreigners, 15 police officers, and two NSG commandos were killed. 9 attackers killed, 1 attacker captured. 293 individuals injured
1031:
used 160 tons of chlorine; industrial shipments of chlorine, widely used in water purification and the chemical industry, travel in 90- or 55-ton tank cars.
555:
2866:
1269:
2 hijackers killed, 1 passenger died from wounds during raid. 2 passengers and 1 commando injured. 2 kidnappers captured. All other 96 passengers rescued.
748:
or drugs. Such methods may lead captives to offer false information in an attempt to stop the treatment, or due to the confusion caused by it. In 1978 the
4389:
Ramirez, D., J. Hoopes, and T.L. Quinlan. 2003 "Defining racial profiling in a post-September 11 world." American Criminal Law Review. 40(3): 1195–1233.
4260:
Helms, Ronald; Costanza, S E; Johnson, Nicholas (February 1, 2012). "Crouching tiger or phantom dragon? Examining the discourse on global cyber-terror".
2454:) and one soldier killed, 12 others wounded. 56 militants killed, 3 wounded, and 149 captured. All hostages rescued. 6 civilians killed and one wounded.
2320:
March 3, The Sri Lankan cricket team attack – 6 members of the Sri Lankan cricket team were injured, 6 Pakistani police officers and 2 civilians killed.
1590:
5 hijackers killed (2 likely killed extrajudicially after raid),1 Kopassus operative killed, 1 pilot fatally wounded by terrorist, all hostages rescued.
2395:
2 KUD members and one special forces corpsman killed, 5 police officers wounded. 11 kidnappers killed, 5 wounded, and 1 captured. All hostages rescued.
448:
was established to consolidate domestic security agencies to coordinate counterterrorism and national response to major natural disasters and accidents.
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2291:
719:
While international efforts to combat terrorism have focused on the need to enhance cooperation between states, proponents of human rights (as well as
427:
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4470:
3224:
Sexton, Renard; Wellhausen, Rachel L.; Findley, Michael G. (2019). "How Government Reactions to Violence Worsen Social Welfare: Evidence from Peru".
792:. The bin is clear so police can easily examine its contents, preventing the potential placement of bombs or the disposal of weaponry by terrorists.
58:
2467:
1924:
8 kidnappers killed, 2 kidnappers captured. 2 hostages killed by kidnappers, 24 Hostages rescued. 5 Army Operatives killed in helicopter accident.
819:
programs provide outside expert assistance to a threatened government. FID can involve both non-military and military aspects of counterterrorism.
4581:
3546:
2322:
March 30, the Manawan Police Academy in Lahore attack – 8 gunmen, 8 police personnel and 2 civilians killed, 95 people injured, 4 gunmen captured.
3792:
2353:
5040:
3595:
2611:, surveillance and reconnaissance missions, and potential actions. Designing such a system-of-systems comprises a major technological project.
2121:
91 students/militants killed, 50 militants captured. 10 SSG and 1 Ranger killed; 33 SSG, 3 Rangers, 8 soldiers wounded. 204 civilians injured.
1519:
2941:
Stigall, Dan E.; Miller, Chris; Donnatucci, Lauren (October 7, 2019). "The 2018 National Strategy for Counterterrorism: A Synoptic Overview".
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1416:
1363:
445:
397:
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Costanza, S.E.; Kilburn, John C. Jr. (2005). "Symbolic Security, Moral Panic and Public Sentiment: Toward a sociology of Counterterrorism".
2770:, forbids domestic counterterrorism operations by the U.S. military. Units allocated some operational counterterrorism tasks are frequently
4222:
Juergensmeyer, Mark (2000). Terror in the Mind of God: The Global Rise of Religious Violence. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
2441:
1658:
17:
3654:
Human Rights News (2004): "Human Rights and Counter-Terrorism", in the Briefing to the 60th Session of the UN Commission on Human Rights.
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Aircraft cockpits are kept locked during flights and have reinforced doors, which only the pilots in the cabin are capable of opening. UK
5184:
534:
368:
282:
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Plaza Cinema Chowk attack – 16 police officers, an army officer and unknown number of civilians killed. As many as 251 people injured.
943:
826:
2679:(DHS), house most of the federal agencies that are prepared to combat domestic and international terrorist attacks. These include the
1040:
demonstrated the vulnerability of the North American electrical grid to natural disasters coupled with inadequate, possibly insecure,
1184:
The majority of counterterrorism operations at the tactical level are conducted by state, federal, and national law enforcement or
4516:
In The Handbook of Collective Violence: Current Developments and Understanding, eds. C.A. Ireland, et al. Abingdon, UK: Routledge.
2762:
In some cases the legal framework within which they operate prohibits military units conducting operations in the domestic arena;
1025:. Industrial chemicals in manufacturing, shipping, and storage thus require greater protection, and some efforts are in progress.
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508:
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are capable of triaging, treating, and transporting the more severely affected individuals to hospitals, which typically have
295:
is a great challenge with the security of cell-based systems, since the ideal, but the nearly impossible, goal is to obtain a
4650:
4616:
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2437:
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Until 2005, eleven men remained in high security detention in the UK under the Anti-Terrorism, Crime and Security Act 2001.
140:
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2671:, federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies began to systemically reorganize. Two primary federal agencies, the
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507:
In February 2017, sources claimed that the Trump administration intends to rename and revamp the U.S. government program
474:
3720:"Preventive Counter-Terrorism Measures and Non-Discrimination in the European Union: The Need for Systematic Evaluation"
3167:"Preventive Counter-Terrorism Measures and Non-Discrimination in the European Union: The Need for Systematic Evaluation"
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981:), Israel has developed several defensive measures against artillery, rockets, and missiles. These include building a
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Military intervention has not always been successful in stopping or preventing future terrorism, such as during the
176:
Counterterrorist forces expanded with the perceived growing threat of terrorism in the late 20th century. After the
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2018:
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381:
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Judy Kuriansky (Editor), "Terror in the Holy Land: Inside the Anguish of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict" (2006,
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Savun, Burcu; Tirone, Daniel C. (2018). "Foreign Aid as a Counterterrorism Tool – Burcu Savun, Daniel C. Tirone".
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creates new offenses related to terrorism, and amends existing ones. The act was drafted in the aftermath of the
1168:, with emphasis on stealth and performing the mission with minimal casualties. The units include assault teams,
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4833:
4728:
3695:"UN experts call for removal of rights defenders Ramy Shaath and Zyad El-Elaimy from 'terrorism entities' list"
3400:. Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies, Bar-Ilan University: 29. Mideast Security and Policy Studies No. 74
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1835:
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296:
277:, are often harder to detect because of their citizenship or legal status and ability to stay under the radar.
4234:
Deflem, Mathieu. 2010. The Policing of Terrorism: Organizational and Global Perspectives. New York: Routledge.
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including five Malaysian students detained for alleged terrorist activity while studying in Karachi, Pakistan.
5174:
4688:(June 2010), Program in Arms Control, Disarmament, and International Security (ACDIS), University of Illinois
4380:
Mathieu Deflem. 2010. The Policing of Terrorism: Organizational and Global Perspectives. New York: Routledge.
2668:
2007:
1708:
1617:
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202:
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Arreguín-Toft, Ivan. "Tunnel at the End of the Light: A Critique of U.S. Counter-terrorist Grand Strategy,"
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restrain the rights or freedoms of citizens and breach principles of non-discrimination. Examples include:
345:
4464:
1144:
Many countries have dedicated counterterrorist units trained to handle terrorist threats. Besides various
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for all people. Such activities empower citizens, providing "freedom from fear" and "freedom from want".
389:
3021:
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All 7 hijackers, 45 Ugandan troops, 3 hostages, and 1 Israeli soldier were killed. 100 hostages rescued
902:), particularly if it is not accompanied by other measures. However, new methods such as those taken in
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4838:
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Boundaries of the Battlefield: A Critical Look at the Legal Paradigms and Rules in Countering Terrorism
4371:
DeLone, Gregory J. 2007. "Law Enforcement Mission Statements Post September 11." Police Quarterly 10(2)
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3594:. The International Centre for Counter-Terrorism – The Hague (ICCT). January 22, 2015. Archived from
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remain in long-term detention in Pakistan or in U.S.-controlled centers in Afghanistan without trial.
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55:
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3100:"Conception for the Establishment and Employment of a Border-Guard for Special Police Action (GSG9)"
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303:. However, both of these approaches need to be balanced against legitimate expectations of privacy.
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334 hostages killed and hundreds wounded. 10–21 rescuers killed. 31 kidnappers killed, 1 captured.
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to enforce protective standoff distance outside tall or politically sensitive buildings to prevent
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is an advanced interdiction force for higher risk law enforcement and counter-terrorism operations
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4+ kidnappers killed or missing (Jan 18). 8 kidnappers killed, 5 captured. All hostages rescued.
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threat, as convenient locations for depositing bombs. Scottish stations removed theirs after the
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4335:"Social Control and the Policing of Terrorism Foundations for a sociology of Counterterrorism"
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8 US servicemen killed & 4 injured 1 Iranian civilian (alleged by Iranian Army) killed in
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5 hijackers, 1 hostage, and 1 police officer killed, 1 hostage and 1 police officer wounded.
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in countries where terrorists are said to be based. Similar justifications were used for the
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344:. This act had been allowed to expire in 1953. It was repealed in 1973 to be replaced by the
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1969:
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927:. Another way to reduce the impact of attacks is to design buildings for rapid evacuation.
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177:
44:
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4523:
In The Handbook of Social Control, edited by Mathieu Deflem. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell.
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1 hostage killed before the raid; 3 hijackers killed and 1 captured. 90 hostages rescued.
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Australia has passed several counterterrorism acts. In 2004, a bill comprising three acts
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active protection system, capable of intercepting airborne rockets and artillery shells
857:
683:
China has used the "war on terror" to justify its policies in the predominantly Muslim
482:
466:
419:
U.S. legal issues surrounding this issue include rulings on the domestic employment of
385:
371:
was formally introduced into the Parliament on November 19, 2001, two months after the
357:
270:
243:
4569:, "Terrorism and Public Safety Policing:Implications for the Obama Presidency" (2009,
3131:
Shaffer, Ryan (2015). "Counter-Terrorism Intelligence, Policy and Theory Since 9/11".
455:'s mission, only military branch with law enforcement jurisdiction to board and seize
396:
Since 1978 the UK's terrorism laws have been regularly reviewed by a security-cleared
5252:
4993:
4914:
4864:
4778:
4670:
4646:
4624:
4612:
4597:
4570:
4553:
4538:
4421:
4358:
4289:
4277:
4197:
4193:
4059:
4055:
3987:
3942:
3898:
3762:
3479:
3327:
3296:
3284:
3253:
3241:
3152:
3079:
3046:
2946:
2894:
2871:
2806:
2715:
2423:
2419:
2376:
2269:
1722:
1392:
1388:
1349:
1331:
1299:
1245:
1022:
864:
745:
706:
have long argued, that respecting human rights may indeed help us to incur security.
627:
596:
and has laws forbidding membership in such organizations and funding or helping them.
563:
559:
490:
400:, whose often influential reports are submitted to Parliament and published in full.
392:
and, like its predecessors, some of its terms have proven to be highly controversial.
262:
124:
104:
4484:
4209:
4409:
4346:
4269:
4189:
4043:
3888:
3750:
3467:
3319:
3276:
3233:
3140:
3071:
2910:
2889:
2821:
2703:
2702:
While counter-terror measures (most notably heightened airport security, immigrant
2637:
2112:
1679:
1207:
Some counterterrorist actions of the 20th and 21st centuries are listed below. See
1161:
998:
962:
931:
868:
438:
274:
77:
4709:"Public order and safety" – International project on combating crime and terrorism
3813:
Nagl, John A.; Petraeus, David H.; Amos, James F.; Sewall, Sarah (December 2006).
3634:
de Londras, Detention in the War on Terrorism: Can Human Rights Fight Back? (2011)
3592:"Accountability and Transparency in the United States' Counter-Terrorism Strategy"
3471:
3144:
3022:"Differences Between Foreign Internal Defense (FID) and Counter Insurgency (COIN)"
5071:
5019:
4957:
4828:
4591:
4566:
4499:
4474:
4116:
4091:
3550:
3455:
3169:. The International Centre for Counter-Terrorism – The Hague (ICCT). July 2, 2011
3075:
3040:
2492:
2306:
2155:
1951:
1932:
1354:
1277:
1145:
1085:
1018:
876:
781:
757:
640:
266:
239:
170:
135:
The first counterterrorism body to be formed was the Special Irish Branch of the
81:
4639:
Counterterrorism and Cybersecurity: Total Information Awareness (Second Edition)
3316:
The Cambridge Handbook of Information Technology, Life Sciences and Human Rights
1211:
for a more extended list, including hostage-takings that did not end violently.
4934:
4889:
4845:
3831:
3722:. The International Centre for Counter-Terrorism-The Hague (ICCT). July 2, 2011
3311:
2771:
1991:
1961:
2 hostages, 2 rescuers, and 1 kidnapper killed. Other 28 kidnappers captured.
1396:
1368:
1264:
1053:
proclaiming that a suicide bomber would not be polluted by the swine products.
802:
797:
741:
720:
703:
538:
494:
329:
3801:
1964 English translation by Daniel Lee with an Introduction by Bernard B. Fall
3323:
473:, requiring Presidential approval before deploying the Army or the Air Force.
289:
are often small, with all members known to one another, perhaps even related.
230:
Most counterterrorism strategies involve an increase in policing and domestic
115:" for programs that support other countries' attempts to suppress insurgency,
5211:
4813:
4783:
4281:
3814:
3754:
3681:
Amnesty International (2005): "Counter-terrorism and criminal law in the EU.
3518:
Exclusive: Trump to focus counter-extremism program solely on Islam – sources
3288:
3245:
2801:
2736:
2642:
2278:
2241:
2108:
1974:
1946:
1575:
1445:
1173:
1027:
To put this risk into perspective, the first major lethal chemical attack of
1006:
736:
412:
219:
158:
has been identified as the first international conference against terrorism.
4528:"The Fear of Counterterrorism: Surveillance and Civil Liberties Since 9/11."
1845:
4 hijackers killed. 3 hostages killed before the raid, 229 hostages rescued
1360:
Israelis and Jews. Non-Jewish hostages were released shortly after capture.
623:
437:
after the September 11 attacks, as well as a range of other legislation and
4899:
4682:
Cross-Border Terrorism in India: Counterterrorism Strategies and Challenges
4514:"Responses to Terror: Policing and Countering Terrorism in the Modern Age."
4201:
3902:
2816:
2608:
1904:
1728:
1612:
1454:
1322:
1286:
982:
888:
420:
349:
4703:
3494:"USCENTCOM Seizes Iranian Advanced Conventional Weapons Bound for Houthis"
3268:
827:
Violent extremism § Prevention of radicalization and deradicalization
156:
International Conference of Rome for the Social Defense Against Anarchists
3531:"Proposals to further strengthen Australia s counter-terrorism laws 2005"
3441:"Counter-Terrorism Module 12 Key Issues: Surveillance & Interception"
3280:
1753:
1621:
1528:
1440:
1130:
1028:
434:
235:
116:
3943:"IDF's 'David's Sling' missile system used to shoot down rocket barrage"
3918:"How Israel Developed Such A Shockingly Effective Rocket Defense System"
3380:"The Challenges of Effective Counterterrorism Intelligence in the 2020s"
5014:
4929:
4634:
4350:
3394:
3237:
2512:
2414:
2408:
2028:
All 39 kidnappers and 129–204 hostages killed. 600–700 hostages freed.
1759:
1010:
966:
961:
Due to frequent shelling of Israel's cities, towns, and settlements by
562:
traditions, the measures are controversial and have been criticized by
250:
options for intelligence gathering. Many countries increasingly employ
120:
96:
4481:
Counterterrorism between the Wars: An International History, 1919-1937
4413:
4273:
2759:
operations being undertaken in the domestic or international context.
2229:
Ajmal Qasab and other Pakistani nationals affiliated to Laskar-e-taiba
4744:
4550:
The Human Factor: Inside the CIA's Dysfunctional Intelligence Culture
3970:"D.C. Wants Rail Hazmats Banned: S.C. Wreck Renews Fears for Capital"
2856:
2477:
2381:
2094:
2075:
1826:
1002:
994:
978:
954:
526:
258:
89:
4698:
3893:
3868:
4904:
4502:, (International Centre for Counter-Terrorism – The Hague, May 2016
3834:
is widely described as establishing many of this volume's concepts.
3456:"Counterterrorism Killings and Provisional IRA Bombings, 1970–1998"
3207:"Trade and Terror: The Impact of Terrorism on Developing Countries"
3189:"Which Countries' Terrorist Attacks Are Ignored By The U.S. Media?"
2531:
2139:
2071:
2023:
1987:
1914:
1796:
1580:
1177:
924:
677:
652:
181:
4708:
3354:"Why facial recognition use is growing amid the Covid-19 pandemic"
1714:
1 hostage killed during hijacking, 4 hijackers convicted in Italy
946:
purchased bomb-resistant barriers after the September 11 attacks.
261:
or religious groups, which are the sources of political conversy.
257:
Domestic intelligence gathering is sometimes directed to specific
3070:. Cambridge University Press. December 5, 2013. p. 131–184.
2471:
2344:
2339:
2188:
1978:
1918:
1566:
1485:
Democratic Revolutionary Movement for the Liberation of Arabistan
974:
899:
673:
611:
196:
2782:, the British police formally turned responsibility over to the
558:
included a "shoot-to-kill" clause. In a country with entrenched
4919:
4492:
Making CVE Work: A Focused Approach Based on Process Disruption
2517:
2420:
Royal Security Forces of the Sultanate of Sulu and North Borneo
2372:
2297:
2237:
2219:
2199:
2041:
1763:
1644:
1507:
1282:
1169:
1113:
880:
789:
585:
341:
210:
151:
established similar units in the United Kingdom and elsewhere.
144:
4585:(International Centre for Counter-Terrorism – The Hague, 2013)
4468:(International Centre for Counter-Terrorism – The Hague, 2012)
4398:
3066:"The first international conference on terrorism: Rome 1898".
2144:
PUK's Kurdistan Regional Government's Counter Terrorism Group
500:
External or international use of lethal force would require a
3677:
3675:
3673:
3671:
3669:
3667:
3665:
3663:
2993:
Curtis E. Lemay Center for Doctrine Development and Education
2527:
2522:
2508:
1937:
1921:'s Infantry Battalion, Penerbad (Army Aviation) Mixed Forces
1777:
1603:
1421:
1200:
1050:
1041:
970:
630:
was captured as an enemy combatant during the United States'
567:
223:
162:
4713:
4623:(Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004),
3869:"Disaster management: Design buildings for rapid evacuation"
3544:
Summary of Israeli Supreme Court Ruling on Targeted Killings
51:
3454:
Gill, Paul; Piazza, James A.; Horgan, John (May 26, 2016).
2063:
1901:
Mixed (19 Indonesians, 4 British, 2 Dutch, & 1 German)
1858:
1840:
1511:
1306:
903:
810:
36:
3660:
3038:
2283:
3 kidnappers killed and 1 captured. All hostages rescued.
299:
within the cell. Financial tracking can play a role, as a
32:
3650:
3648:
3646:
3644:
3642:
3640:
2692:
2657:
1782:
3 hijacker killed, 3 hostages killed, 8 hostages rescued
735:
Another major method of preemptive neutralization is the
143:
after it expanded its scope beyond its original focus on
4656:
Merari, Ariel. "Terrorism as a Strategy in Insurgency,"
1943:
Malaysian (2 police officers, 1 soldier and 1 civilian)
4255:
4253:
4251:
3830:
While military manuals rarely show individual authors,
3223:
2940:
2495:. One special forces officer killed during skirmishes.
356:
In 2000 the Acts were replaced with the more permanent
27:
Activity to defend against or prevent terrorist actions
4535:
Agitazione sovversiva, guerra psicologica e terrorismo
3812:
3778:
Dying to Win: The Strategic Logic of Suicide Terrorism
3637:
1549:. Negotiation finished in 1981. 53 hostages released.
1341:
All hostages released, all kidnappers flown to Libya.
3556:
2546:
1882:
All 14 kidnappers, 1 hostage, and 2 rescuers killed.
1631:
Hostage saved, capture of the entire terrorist cell.
1465:
18 police officers rescued, all terrorists captured.
672:
Hundreds of people suspected of connections with the
360:, which contained many of their powers, and then the
123:, or to reduce the conditions under which threats to
4456:
Understanding Victory and Defeat in Contemporary War
4259:
4248:
3793:"Modern Warfare: A French View of Counterinsurgency"
2867:
International counter-terrorism operations of Russia
2786:
when the situation went beyond police capabilities.
4171:
3618:"Fighting Terrorism Without Violating Human Rights"
2540:67–100+ Palestinians killed, all hostages rescued.
1061:For a threatened or completed terrorist attack, an
384:was drafted to answer the Law Lords ruling and the
95:If an act of terrorism occurs as part of a broader
4026:
3312:"Face Recognition and the Right to Stay Anonymous"
1001:, which intercept the incoming threat in the air.
906:have yet to be seen as beneficial or ineffectual.
428:Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution
353:the IRA would target civilian areas as a response.
985:in every building and school, but also deploying
5209:
4660:, Vol. 5, No. 4 (Winter 1993), pp. 213–251.
3453:
3318:, Cambridge University Press, pp. 139–152,
2386:Ethnic Chechen, Russian, and Georgian militants
764:, and that such practices were in breach of the
103:) then counterterrorism may additionally employ
39:operators in 2015. GIGN is the counterterrorist
4466:A Fear Management Approach to Counter-Terrorism
4313:
3775:
2943:American University National Security Law Brief
2354:Republic of Korea Navy Special Warfare Flotilla
1999:Terrorism threats in the gorge were repressed.
1203:troopers disembarking from a helicopter in 1978
80:, techniques, and strategies that governments,
4010:"Swine: Secret Weapon Against Islamic Terror?"
3967:
3915:
1191:
973:, but also by other Palestinian factions) and
934:removed their garbage bins in response to the
197:Intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance
4729:
4526:Deflem, Mathieu and Shannon McDonough. 2015.
4519:Deflem, Mathieu, and Stephen Chicoine. 2019.
2847:Global Initiative to Combat Nuclear Terrorism
398:Independent Reviewer of Terrorism Legislation
265:of an entire population raises objections on
161:The first tactical counterterrorist unit was
4619:, American Bar Association).* Marc Sageman,
2721:
1572:Mostly Indonesian, some Europeans/Americans
726:
511:(CVE) to focus solely on Islamist extremism.
4316:Journal of Social and Ecological Boundaries
3740:
3392:
2648:
2176:15 hostages rescued. 2 kidnappers captured
1520:Muslim Student Followers of the Imam's Line
1097:military authority beyond the local level.
1013:fired by Palestinians from the Gaza Strip.
535:Anti-terrorism Act, 2004, (No 2) and (No 3)
477:policy also applies this limitation to the
369:Anti-terrorism, Crime and Security Act 2001
242:. New technology has expanded the range of
4736:
4722:
4451:, Vol. 15, No. 3 (2002), pp. 549–563.
3866:
3386:
2986:"Introduction to Foreign Internal Defense"
2965:"Introduction to Foreign Internal Defense"
1745:6 kidnappers captured, 2 hostages rescued
1215:Representative counterterrorist operations
944:Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority
4449:Cambridge Review of International Affairs
4230:
4228:
3892:
3790:
3784:
2594:Learn how and when to remove this message
2147:5 kidnappers arrested, 1 hostage rescued
1813:1 hijacker killed, all hostages rescued.
1805:Islamic terrorist (Mohammed Yousuf Shah)
1005:has successfully intercepted hundreds of
848:Terrorism has often been used to justify
4669:(Acta Universitatis Tamperensis, 2009),
4029:"The Paradox of Terrorism in Civil Wars"
2731:
2652:
1195:
1129:
948:
871:, and most of the campaigns against the
835:
775:
622:
317:In response to the growing legislation.
226:, one of Israel's counterterrorism units
218:
188:in the above-mentioned Munich massacre.
50:
31:
3130:
1618:U.S. Army Intelligence Support Activity
14:
5210:
5041:Charities accused of ties to terrorism
4580:Jessica Dorsey, Christophe Paulussen,
4332:
4225:
3806:
3309:
3068:The Battle against Anarchist Terrorism
2167:Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia
1626:Nucleo Operativo Centrale di Sicurezza
1116:plans in place for terrorist attacks.
1056:
607:were a permitted form of self-defense.
426:Search and seizure is governed by the
234:gathering. Central techniques include
4717:
4507:Low-cost attacks, unnoticeable plots?
4167:
4165:
3815:"Field Manual 3–24 Counterinsurgency"
3395:"The Globalization of Terror Funding"
3226:American Journal of Political Science
2438:Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
2389:Special Operations Center, SOD, KUD,
1160:These units are specially trained in
592:Israel monitors a list of designated
556:Australian Anti-Terrorism Act of 2005
340:(IRA) campaign of violence under the
3916:Robert Johnson (November 19, 2012).
3112:from the original on October 9, 2022
2550:
1996:2,400 troops, 1,000 police officers
1371:, Sayeret Tzanhanim, Sayeret Golani
1080:
643:or even violations of human rights.
4463:Bakker, Edwin, and Tinka Veldhuis.
3968:Weiss, Eric M. (January 11, 2005).
3266:
3059:
3039:Tim Newburn, Peter Neyroud (2013).
2764:United States Department of Defense
2225:Indian Nationals, Foreign tourists
1773:Palestinian Liberation Organization
1100:
914:
858:second Russian invasion of Chechnya
766:European Convention on Human Rights
537:was passed. Then Attorney-General,
99:(and insurgency is included in the
24:
5082:Victims of Acts of Terror Memorial
5046:Designated terrorist organizations
4441:
4162:
4146:. October 10, 2008. Archived from
4048:10.1023/B:JOET.0000012254.69088.41
2728:List of counter-terrorism agencies
2623:
2566:tone or style may not reflect the
2547:Designing counterterrorist systems
1868:Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement
1251:Tel Aviv-Lod International Airport
552:Australian Anti-Terrorism Act 2005
465:limits domestic employment of the
25:
5264:
4692:
4643:Springer International Publishing
3988:"Suicide bombing 'pig fat threat"
3780:. Random House. pp. 237–250.
3211:Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
2486:State Security Service of Georgia
1692:Palestine Liberation Organization
1525:United States Army Special Forces
1125:
1091:
685:Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region
306:
169:, formed in response to the 1972
4792:
4667:Political Responses to Terrorism
4658:Terrorism and Political Violence
4483:(Oxford University Press, 2020)
4194:10.1111/j.1539-6924.2008.01160.x
3460:Terrorism and Political Violence
3133:Terrorism and Political Violence
2576:guide to writing better articles
2555:
2019:Special Purpose Islamic Regiment
1481:Mostly Iranian but some British
1157:are under constant development.
942:as a precautionary measure. The
578:
519:
405:
382:Prevention of Terrorism Act 2005
362:Prevention of Terrorism Act 2005
322:
4699:U.S. Bureau of Counterterrorism
4428:
4392:
4383:
4374:
4365:
4326:
4307:
4296:
4237:
4216:
4126:
4102:
4077:
4020:
4002:
3980:
3961:
3935:
3909:
3860:
3769:
3734:
3712:
3687:
3628:
3610:
3584:
3537:
3523:
3511:
3486:
3447:
3433:
3372:
3346:
3303:
3260:
3217:
3199:
3181:
2677:Department of Homeland Security
2450:8 police officers (including 2
2202:and mixed international forces
1854:Japanese embassy hostage crisis
1537:CIA Special Activities Division
1533:75th Infantry Regiment (Ranger)
1404:Mogadishu International Airport
771:
762:inhuman and degrading treatment
618:
446:Department of Homeland Security
59:Maritime Security Response Team
4136:Ops Fajar mission accomplished
3947:The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com
3743:Journal of Conflict Resolution
3393:Feiler, Gil (September 2007).
3310:Garvie, Clare (May 26, 2022),
3159:
3124:
3092:
3032:
3014:
2978:
2957:
2934:
2491:3 militants killed, including
2334:Operation Dawn of Gulf of Aden
1836:Armed Islamic Group of Algeria
1036:To give one more example, the
909:
750:European Court of Human Rights
441:relating to national security.
13:
1:
4743:
4621:Understanding Terror Networks
3990:. BBC News. February 13, 2004
3564:"Terror bill passes into law"
3472:10.1080/09546553.2016.1155932
3145:10.1080/09546553.2015.1006097
2927:
2907:, Central Intelligence Agency
2747:
2669:Homeland Security Act of 2002
2442:joint counterterrorist forces
2350:Somali pirates and militants
2196:Somali pirates and militants
2015:Mixed, mostly Russian (900+)
2008:Moscow theater hostage crisis
1709:Gruppo di intervento speciale
1460:Gruppo di intervento speciale
203:Intelligence cycle management
4085:Crewmen tell of scary ordeal
3076:10.1017/cbo9781139524124.008
2754:List of special forces units
2743:(Germany) during an exercise
1439:Casa Circondariale di Trani
1328:Mixed. American and Swedish
854:U.S. invasion of Afghanistan
632:2001 invasion of Afghanistan
509:Countering Violent Extremism
423:by law enforcement agencies.
380:, it remained in force. The
346:Prevention of Terrorism Acts
76:, relates to the practices,
18:Countering violent extremism
7:
4609:The Law of Counterterrorism
4458:(London: Frank Cass, 2007).
4110:No choice but to pay ransom
4027:Stathis N. Kalyvas (2004).
3820:. US Department of the Army
2905:Special Activities Division
2789:
2667:Pursuant to passage of the
2368:Lopota Gorge hostage crisis
1917:'s SAT-81 Gultor CT Group,
1864:Japanese and guests (800+)
1795:Hijacked between Delhi and
1654:Armenian Revolutionary Army
1558:Garuda Indonesia Flight 206
1541:1st Special Operations Wing
1317:AIA building hostage crisis
1300:German Federal Border Guard
1192:Counterterrorist operations
940:7 July 2005 London Bombings
842:707th Special Mission Group
831:
639:security have been seen as
390:7 July 2005 London bombings
287:operational terrorist cells
236:intercepting communications
191:
184:, and preventive measures.
88:use to combat or eliminate
10:
5269:
4774:Anti-terrorism legislation
4704:Counter Terrorism Policing
3549:February 23, 2013, at the
3045:. Routledge. p. 262.
2751:
2725:
2498:
2457:
2398:
2362:
2328:
2286:
2253:
2208:
2179:
2150:
2124:
2084:
2031:
2002:
1990:and Chechen rebels led by
1964:
1927:
1885:
1848:
1791:Indian Airlines Flight 427
1785:
1748:
1717:
1666:
1634:
1593:
1552:
1497:
1468:
1434:
1377:
1344:
1311:
1272:
1240:
1218:
1140:officers breaching a door.
1106:Emergency medical services
1071:2004 Madrid train bombings
1038:Northeast blackout of 2003
921:hostile vehicle mitigation
824:
760:amounted to a practice of
687:to stifle Uyghur identity.
599:On December 14, 2006, the
479:United States Marine Corps
373:September 11, 2001 attacks
313:Anti-terrorism legislation
310:
252:facial recognition systems
200:
130:
109:United States Armed Forces
5243:Private security industry
5090:
5064:
5056:Islamic terrorist attacks
5033:
5007:
4971:
4963:State-sponsored terrorism
4950:
4910:Environmental destruction
4879:
4801:
4790:
4769:International conventions
4751:
4590:October 22, 2020, at the
4122:Monday September 29, 2008
4115:December 5, 2008, at the
3791:Trinquier, Roger (1961).
3324:10.1017/9781108775038.014
2916:Terrorism Research Center
2877:Manhunt (law enforcement)
2722:Counterterrorism agencies
2712:intelligence-led policing
2104:Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan
1236:
1219:
987:active protection systems
754:Ireland v. United Kingdom
727:Preemptive neutralization
543:Anti-terrorism bill, 2004
487:Los Angeles riots of 1992
453:United States Coast Guard
56:United States Coast Guard
4577:, Taylor & Francis).
4090:October 8, 2008, at the
3776:Pape, Robert A. (2005).
3755:10.1177/0022002717704952
3358:South China Morning Post
3267:Lin, Patrick K. (2021).
2852:Industrial antiterrorism
2649:American law enforcement
2488:, police special forces
2404:2013 Lahad Datu standoff
2259:Maersk Alabama hijacking
1891:Mapenduma hostage crisis
1599:Operation Winter Harvest
817:Foreign internal defense
301:communications intercept
149:law enforcement agencies
113:foreign internal defense
68:(alternatively spelled:
4979:Clandestine cell system
4607:Lynn Zusman (Editor), "
4512:Deflem, Mathieu. 2020.
3273:SSRN Electronic Journal
2972:U.S. Air Force Doctrine
2862:Infrastructure security
2837:Extraordinary rendition
2832:Extrajudicial execution
2797:Civilian casualty ratio
2617:engineering flexibility
2446:Philippine Armed Forces
2263:Gulf of Aden, Somalia.
2234:National Security Guard
1809:National Security Guard
1685:off the Egyptian coast
1234:Counterterrorist force
1073:), or all the way to a
1063:Incident Command System
840:Counter-terrorism unit
809:including governments,
594:terrorist organizations
471:United States Air Force
101:definition of terrorism
4925:Propaganda of the deed
4686:ACDIS Occasional Paper
4604:, Praeger Publishers).
4498:July 28, 2020, at the
4473:April 2, 2015, at the
4097:Sunday October 5, 2008
3848:Cite journal requires
3421:Cite journal requires
3105:. September 19, 1972.
3042:Dictionary of Policing
2900:Sociology of terrorism
2744:
2741:North Rhine-Westphalia
2664:
2534:with support from the
2430:Malaysian Armed Forces
2347:, Myanmar, Indonesian
2316:Army Rangers Battalion
2296:Multiple locations in
2218:Multiple locations in
2138:Islamic State of Iraq
2129:Kirkuk Hostage Rescue
1822:Air France Flight 8969
1705:Italian special forces
1640:Turkish embassy attack
1209:list of hostage crises
1204:
1141:
1120:Public health agencies
1075:National Response Plan
958:
845:
793:
717:
635:
227:
62:
48:
5065:Memorials and museums
4552:(2008, revised 2010)
4521:"Policing Terrorism."
3799:on January 12, 2008.
2780:Iranian Embassy siege
2766:policy, based on the
2752:Further information:
2735:
2673:Department of Justice
2656:
2536:Israel Defense Forces
2504:Operation Golden Hand
2463:2017 Isani flat siege
2434:Royal Malaysia Police
2117:Special Service Group
1474:Iranian Embassy siege
1199:
1186:intelligence agencies
1166:close-quarters combat
1164:and are equipped for
1150:police tactical units
1135:Royal Malaysia Police
1133:
952:
850:military intervention
839:
825:Further information:
779:
712:
708:Amnesty International
626:
601:Israeli Supreme Court
475:Department of Defense
378:Human Rights Act 1998
338:Irish Republican Army
222:
207:Intelligence analysis
167:German Federal Police
86:intelligence agencies
54:
35:
5077:Topography of Terror
4764:History of terrorism
4680:Vandana, Asthana., "
4530:Society 52(1):70–79.
4339:American Sociologist
3520:, Reuters 2017-02-02
3498:U.S. Central Command
3281:10.2139/ssrn.4095525
2921:War among the people
2046:North Ossetia-Alania
1970:Pankisi Gorge crisis
1956:Pasukan Gerakan Khas
1741:Special Actions Unit
1547:Operation Eagle Claw
1383:Lufthansa Flight 181
1337:Special Actions Unit
1226:Hostage nationality
1138:Pasukan Gerakan Khas
1067:2005 London bombings
768:Article 3 (art. 3).
610:In 2016 the Israeli
502:Presidential finding
433:The U.S. passed the
178:September 11 attacks
139:, later renamed the
45:National Gendarmerie
4545:, Uniservice Books.
4533:Gagliano Giuseppe,
4186:2009RiskA..29..366B
4150:on October 24, 2008
4065:on October 11, 2006
4016:. December 9, 2007.
3974:The Washington Post
3885:2015Natur.528..333R
3867:Ronchi, E. (2015).
3598:on October 18, 2017
3360:. November 18, 2020
3002:on January 24, 2017
2974:. February 1, 2020.
2827:Explosive detection
2812:Counter-IED efforts
2784:Special Air Service
2774:or similar assets.
2768:Posse Comitatus Act
2661:Hostage Rescue Team
2391:army special forces
2292:2009 Lahore Attacks
2214:2008 Mumbai attacks
2090:Siege of Lal Masjid
2074:), Russian police (
2037:Beslan school siege
1909:Free Papua Movement
1587:securing perimeter
1503:Iran hostage crisis
1490:Special Air Service
1426:Special Air Service
1387:Initially over the
1216:
1057:Command and control
463:Posse Comitatus Act
293:Counterintelligence
285:operations because
271:Domestic terrorists
215:Counterintelligence
147:terrorism. Various
137:Metropolitan Police
4895:Aircraft hijacking
4560:, Encounter Books.
4485:online book review
4351:10.1007/bf02692398
4333:Deflem, M (2004).
3569:The Jerusalem Post
3238:10.1111/ajps.12415
2882:Manhunt (military)
2842:Fatwa on Terrorism
2745:
2665:
2634:civil libertarians
2482:Chechen militants
2411:, Sabah, Malaysia
2246:Rapid Action Force
2172:Columbian military
1563:Don Mueang Airport
1214:
1205:
1142:
959:
846:
794:
651:In November 2003,
636:
564:civil libertarians
560:liberal democratic
547:terrorist bombings
483:United States Navy
467:United States Army
386:Terrorism Act 2006
358:Terrorism Act 2000
297:clandestine source
283:human intelligence
228:
84:, businesses, and
63:
49:
5233:National security
5205:
5204:
4951:State involvement
4779:Counter-terrorism
4665:Sinkkonen, Teemu.
4651:978-3-319-17243-9
4617:978-1-61438-037-5
4575:978-1-4398-1580-9
4558:978-1-59403-382-7
4543:978-88-6178-600-4
4479:Barton, Mary S.
4414:10.1057/sj.2009.7
4274:10.1057/sj.2011.6
4036:Journal of Ethics
3624:. March 21, 2016.
3553:December 14, 2006
3085:978-1-139-52412-4
2895:Security increase
2872:Irregular warfare
2807:Counterinsurgency
2716:homeland security
2604:
2603:
2596:
2570:used on Knowledge
2568:encyclopedic tone
2544:
2543:
2424:Jamalul Kiram III
2055:Riyad-us Saliheen
1873:Peruvian military
1758:Hijacked between
1723:Pudu Prison siege
1350:Operation Entebbe
1332:Japanese Red Army
1246:Sabena Flight 571
1146:security agencies
1081:Damage mitigation
1023:Halifax Explosion
963:artillery rockets
865:Malayan Emergency
746:sleep deprivation
628:John Walker Lindh
605:targeted killings
541:, introduced the
491:Hurricane Katrina
263:Mass surveillance
240:location tracking
125:national security
105:counterinsurgency
72:), also known as
70:counter-terrorism
16:(Redirected from
5260:
5218:Counterterrorism
4796:
4738:
4731:
4724:
4715:
4714:
4505:Besenyo, Janos.
4435:
4432:
4426:
4425:
4402:Security Journal
4396:
4390:
4387:
4381:
4378:
4372:
4369:
4363:
4362:
4330:
4324:
4323:
4311:
4305:
4300:
4294:
4293:
4262:Security Journal
4257:
4246:
4241:
4235:
4232:
4223:
4220:
4214:
4213:
4169:
4160:
4159:
4157:
4155:
4130:
4124:
4106:
4100:
4081:
4075:
4074:
4072:
4070:
4064:
4058:. Archived from
4033:
4024:
4018:
4017:
4006:
4000:
3999:
3997:
3995:
3984:
3978:
3977:
3965:
3959:
3958:
3956:
3954:
3939:
3933:
3932:
3930:
3928:
3922:Business Insider
3913:
3907:
3906:
3896:
3864:
3858:
3857:
3851:
3846:
3844:
3836:
3827:
3825:
3819:
3810:
3804:
3803:
3795:. Archived from
3788:
3782:
3781:
3773:
3767:
3766:
3749:(8): 1607–1635.
3738:
3732:
3731:
3729:
3727:
3716:
3710:
3709:
3707:
3705:
3691:
3685:
3679:
3658:
3652:
3635:
3632:
3626:
3625:
3614:
3608:
3607:
3605:
3603:
3588:
3582:
3581:
3579:
3577:
3560:
3554:
3541:
3535:
3534:
3527:
3521:
3515:
3509:
3508:
3506:
3504:
3490:
3484:
3483:
3451:
3445:
3444:
3437:
3431:
3430:
3424:
3419:
3417:
3409:
3407:
3405:
3399:
3390:
3384:
3383:
3382:. June 21, 2020.
3376:
3370:
3369:
3367:
3365:
3350:
3344:
3343:
3342:
3340:
3307:
3301:
3300:
3264:
3258:
3257:
3221:
3215:
3214:
3203:
3197:
3196:
3185:
3179:
3178:
3176:
3174:
3163:
3157:
3156:
3128:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3117:
3111:
3104:
3096:
3090:
3089:
3063:
3057:
3056:
3036:
3030:
3029:
3018:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3007:
3001:
2995:. Archived from
2990:
2982:
2976:
2975:
2969:
2961:
2955:
2954:
2938:
2911:Targeted killing
2890:Preventive State
2822:Deradicalization
2638:criminal justice
2599:
2592:
2588:
2585:
2579:
2578:for suggestions.
2574:See Knowledge's
2559:
2558:
2551:
2312:Police Commandos
2184:Operations Dawn
1397:the French coast
1217:
1213:
1162:military tactics
1101:Medical services
1086:Fire departments
1045:
1032:
932:railway stations
915:Target hardening
869:Mau Mau uprising
813:, and citizens.
584:
582:
581:
525:
523:
522:
439:executive orders
411:
409:
408:
348:, a response to
328:
326:
325:
78:military tactics
66:Counterterrorism
21:
5268:
5267:
5263:
5262:
5261:
5259:
5258:
5257:
5228:Law enforcement
5208:
5207:
5206:
5201:
5086:
5072:House of Terror
5060:
5029:
5020:Reign of Terror
5003:
4967:
4958:State terrorism
4946:
4875:
4829:Ethnic violence
4797:
4788:
4747:
4742:
4695:
4592:Wayback Machine
4567:James F. Pastor
4548:Ishmael Jones,
4500:Wayback Machine
4475:Wayback Machine
4444:
4442:Further reading
4439:
4438:
4433:
4429:
4397:
4393:
4388:
4384:
4379:
4375:
4370:
4366:
4331:
4327:
4312:
4308:
4301:
4297:
4258:
4249:
4242:
4238:
4233:
4226:
4221:
4217:
4170:
4163:
4153:
4151:
4132:
4131:
4127:
4117:Wayback Machine
4107:
4103:
4092:Wayback Machine
4082:
4078:
4068:
4066:
4062:
4031:
4025:
4021:
4008:
4007:
4003:
3993:
3991:
3986:
3985:
3981:
3966:
3962:
3952:
3950:
3941:
3940:
3936:
3926:
3924:
3914:
3910:
3894:10.1038/528333b
3865:
3861:
3849:
3847:
3838:
3837:
3823:
3821:
3817:
3811:
3807:
3789:
3785:
3774:
3770:
3739:
3735:
3725:
3723:
3718:
3717:
3713:
3703:
3701:
3693:
3692:
3688:
3680:
3661:
3653:
3638:
3633:
3629:
3616:
3615:
3611:
3601:
3599:
3590:
3589:
3585:
3575:
3573:
3572:. June 16, 2016
3562:
3561:
3557:
3551:Wayback Machine
3542:
3538:
3529:
3528:
3524:
3516:
3512:
3502:
3500:
3492:
3491:
3487:
3452:
3448:
3439:
3438:
3434:
3422:
3420:
3411:
3410:
3403:
3401:
3397:
3391:
3387:
3378:
3377:
3373:
3363:
3361:
3352:
3351:
3347:
3338:
3336:
3334:
3308:
3304:
3265:
3261:
3222:
3218:
3205:
3204:
3200:
3193:FiveThirtyEight
3187:
3186:
3182:
3172:
3170:
3165:
3164:
3160:
3129:
3125:
3115:
3113:
3109:
3102:
3098:
3097:
3093:
3086:
3065:
3064:
3060:
3053:
3037:
3033:
3020:
3019:
3015:
3005:
3003:
2999:
2988:
2984:
2983:
2979:
2967:
2963:
2962:
2958:
2939:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2792:
2756:
2750:
2730:
2724:
2651:
2626:
2624:Law enforcement
2600:
2589:
2583:
2580:
2573:
2564:This section's
2560:
2556:
2549:
2493:Akhmed Chatayev
2323:
2307:Lashkar-e-Taiba
2156:Operation Jaque
2012:Moscow, Russia
1958:, mixed forces
1952:Grup Gerak Khas
1802:141 passengers
1703:turned over to
1583:assault group,
1355:Entebbe airport
1295:Black September
1278:Munich massacre
1260:Black September
1230:
1194:
1128:
1103:
1094:
1083:
1059:
1035:
1026:
1019:Bhopal disaster
936:Provisional IRA
917:
912:
885:Border Campaign
877:Irish Civil War
834:
829:
786:Central Station
774:
729:
641:abuses of power
621:
579:
577:
520:
518:
406:
404:
323:
321:
315:
309:
267:civil liberties
248:law enforcement
217:
199:
194:
171:Munich massacre
133:
111:uses the term "
82:law enforcement
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5266:
5256:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5203:
5202:
5200:
5199:
5198:
5197:
5189:
5188:
5187:
5177:
5172:
5171:
5170:
5160:
5159:
5158:
5150:
5145:
5144:
5143:
5135:
5134:
5133:
5125:
5124:
5123:
5115:
5114:
5113:
5105:
5104:
5103:
5094:
5092:
5088:
5087:
5085:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5068:
5066:
5062:
5061:
5059:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5037:
5035:
5031:
5030:
5028:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5011:
5009:
5005:
5004:
5002:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4975:
4973:
4969:
4968:
4966:
4965:
4960:
4954:
4952:
4948:
4947:
4945:
4944:
4943:
4942:
4935:Suicide attack
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4890:Agro-terrorism
4886:
4884:
4877:
4876:
4874:
4873:
4867:
4862:
4853:
4848:
4846:Narcoterrorism
4843:
4842:
4841:
4836:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4805:
4803:
4799:
4798:
4791:
4789:
4787:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4755:
4753:
4749:
4748:
4741:
4740:
4733:
4726:
4718:
4712:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4694:
4693:External links
4691:
4690:
4689:
4678:
4675:978-9514478710
4662:
4661:
4654:
4641:(Switzerland:
4632:
4605:
4594:
4578:
4564:
4561:
4546:
4531:
4524:
4517:
4510:
4503:
4489:Berger, J.M.
4487:
4477:
4460:
4459:
4452:
4443:
4440:
4437:
4436:
4427:
4391:
4382:
4373:
4364:
4325:
4306:
4295:
4247:
4236:
4224:
4215:
4180:(3): 366–379.
4161:
4125:
4101:
4076:
4019:
4001:
3979:
3976:. p. B01.
3960:
3949:. May 10, 2023
3934:
3908:
3859:
3850:|journal=
3832:David Petraeus
3805:
3783:
3768:
3733:
3711:
3686:
3659:
3636:
3627:
3609:
3583:
3555:
3536:
3522:
3510:
3485:
3466:(3): 473–496.
3446:
3432:
3423:|journal=
3385:
3371:
3345:
3332:
3302:
3259:
3232:(2): 353–367.
3216:
3198:
3180:
3158:
3139:(2): 368–375.
3123:
3091:
3084:
3058:
3051:
3031:
3013:
2977:
2956:
2932:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2772:special forces
2749:
2746:
2726:Main article:
2723:
2720:
2685:Secret Service
2675:(DOJ) and the
2650:
2647:
2625:
2622:
2602:
2601:
2563:
2561:
2554:
2548:
2545:
2542:
2541:
2538:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2506:
2501:
2497:
2496:
2489:
2483:
2480:
2475:
2468:Isani district
2465:
2460:
2456:
2455:
2448:
2427:
2417:
2412:
2406:
2401:
2397:
2396:
2393:
2387:
2384:
2379:
2370:
2365:
2361:
2360:
2357:
2351:
2348:
2342:
2338:Gulf of Aden,
2336:
2331:
2327:
2326:
2318:
2309:
2304:
2301:
2294:
2289:
2285:
2284:
2281:
2272:
2270:Somali pirates
2267:
2264:
2261:
2256:
2252:
2251:
2248:
2231:
2226:
2223:
2216:
2211:
2207:
2206:
2203:
2197:
2194:
2191:
2187:Gulf of Aden,
2185:
2182:
2178:
2177:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2161:
2158:
2153:
2149:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2136:
2135:Turkman child
2133:
2130:
2127:
2123:
2122:
2119:
2106:
2100:
2098:
2092:
2087:
2083:
2082:
2079:
2057:
2052:
2049:
2039:
2034:
2030:
2029:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2005:
2001:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1992:Ibn al-Khattab
1984:
1982:
1972:
1967:
1963:
1962:
1959:
1949:
1944:
1941:
1935:
1930:
1926:
1925:
1922:
1912:
1902:
1899:
1893:
1888:
1884:
1883:
1880:
1870:
1865:
1862:
1856:
1851:
1847:
1846:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1830:
1824:
1819:
1815:
1814:
1811:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1793:
1788:
1784:
1783:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1769:11 passengers
1767:
1756:
1751:
1747:
1746:
1743:
1738:
1735:
1732:
1725:
1720:
1716:
1715:
1712:
1694:
1689:
1686:
1677:
1669:
1665:
1664:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1648:
1642:
1637:
1633:
1632:
1629:
1615:
1610:
1607:
1601:
1596:
1592:
1591:
1588:
1578:
1573:
1570:
1560:
1555:
1551:
1550:
1543:
1522:
1517:
1514:
1505:
1500:
1496:
1495:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1471:
1467:
1466:
1463:
1457:
1452:
1449:
1443:
1437:
1433:
1432:
1429:
1419:
1414:
1411:
1385:
1380:
1376:
1375:
1372:
1369:Sayeret Matkal
1366:
1361:
1358:
1352:
1347:
1343:
1342:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1326:
1321:AIA building,
1319:
1314:
1310:
1309:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1289:
1280:
1275:
1271:
1270:
1267:
1265:Sayeret Matkal
1262:
1257:
1254:
1248:
1243:
1239:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1193:
1190:
1127:
1126:Tactical units
1124:
1102:
1099:
1093:
1092:Local security
1090:
1082:
1079:
1058:
1055:
1007:Qassam rockets
916:
913:
911:
908:
844:in Middle East
833:
830:
803:sustainability
798:human security
773:
770:
742:suggestibility
728:
725:
721:human security
704:human security
699:
698:
694:
691:
688:
681:
670:
666:
663:
660:
657:
620:
617:
616:
615:
608:
597:
589:
588:
575:
572:
571:
539:Philip Ruddock
530:
529:
516:
513:
512:
505:
498:
495:Beltway Sniper
459:
449:
442:
431:
424:
416:
415:
394:
393:
365:
354:
333:
332:
330:United Kingdom
311:Main article:
308:
307:Legal contexts
305:
198:
195:
193:
190:
141:Special Branch
132:
129:
107:measures. The
74:anti-terrorism
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5265:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5248:Public safety
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5215:
5213:
5196:
5193:
5192:
5190:
5186:
5183:
5182:
5181:
5180:United States
5178:
5176:
5173:
5169:
5166:
5165:
5164:
5161:
5157:
5154:
5153:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5142:
5139:
5138:
5136:
5132:
5129:
5128:
5126:
5122:
5119:
5118:
5116:
5112:
5109:
5108:
5106:
5102:
5099:
5098:
5096:
5095:
5093:
5089:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5069:
5067:
5063:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5038:
5036:
5032:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5012:
5010:
5006:
5000:
4999:Training camp
4997:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4976:
4974:
4970:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4955:
4953:
4949:
4941:
4938:
4937:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4887:
4885:
4883:
4878:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4831:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4806:
4804:
4800:
4795:
4785:
4784:War on Terror
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4756:
4754:
4752:Main articles
4750:
4746:
4739:
4734:
4732:
4727:
4725:
4720:
4719:
4716:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4696:
4687:
4683:
4679:
4676:
4672:
4668:
4664:
4663:
4659:
4655:
4652:
4648:
4644:
4640:
4636:
4633:
4630:
4629:0-8122-3808-7
4626:
4622:
4618:
4614:
4610:
4606:
4603:
4602:0-275-99041-9
4599:
4595:
4593:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4579:
4576:
4572:
4568:
4565:
4562:
4559:
4555:
4551:
4547:
4544:
4540:
4536:
4532:
4529:
4525:
4522:
4518:
4515:
4511:
4508:
4504:
4501:
4497:
4494:
4493:
4488:
4486:
4482:
4478:
4476:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4462:
4461:
4457:
4453:
4450:
4446:
4445:
4431:
4423:
4419:
4415:
4411:
4407:
4403:
4395:
4386:
4377:
4368:
4360:
4356:
4352:
4348:
4344:
4340:
4336:
4329:
4322:(2): 106–124.
4321:
4317:
4310:
4304:
4299:
4291:
4287:
4283:
4279:
4275:
4271:
4267:
4263:
4256:
4254:
4252:
4245:
4240:
4231:
4229:
4219:
4211:
4207:
4203:
4199:
4195:
4191:
4187:
4183:
4179:
4175:
4174:Risk Analysis
4168:
4166:
4149:
4145:
4144:
4139:
4137:
4129:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4114:
4111:
4105:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4089:
4086:
4080:
4061:
4057:
4053:
4049:
4045:
4042:(1): 97–138.
4041:
4037:
4030:
4023:
4015:
4011:
4005:
3989:
3983:
3975:
3971:
3964:
3948:
3944:
3938:
3923:
3919:
3912:
3904:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3886:
3882:
3879:(7582): 333.
3878:
3874:
3870:
3863:
3855:
3842:
3835:
3833:
3816:
3809:
3802:
3798:
3794:
3787:
3779:
3772:
3764:
3760:
3756:
3752:
3748:
3744:
3737:
3721:
3715:
3700:
3696:
3690:
3684:
3678:
3676:
3674:
3672:
3670:
3668:
3666:
3664:
3657:
3651:
3649:
3647:
3645:
3643:
3641:
3631:
3623:
3619:
3613:
3597:
3593:
3587:
3571:
3570:
3565:
3559:
3552:
3548:
3545:
3540:
3532:
3526:
3519:
3514:
3499:
3495:
3489:
3481:
3477:
3473:
3469:
3465:
3461:
3457:
3450:
3442:
3436:
3428:
3415:
3396:
3389:
3381:
3375:
3359:
3355:
3349:
3335:
3333:9781108775038
3329:
3325:
3321:
3317:
3313:
3306:
3298:
3294:
3290:
3286:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3263:
3255:
3251:
3247:
3243:
3239:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3220:
3212:
3208:
3202:
3194:
3190:
3184:
3168:
3162:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3127:
3108:
3101:
3095:
3087:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3062:
3054:
3052:9781134011551
3048:
3044:
3043:
3035:
3027:
3023:
3017:
2998:
2994:
2987:
2981:
2973:
2966:
2960:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2937:
2933:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2802:Civil defense
2800:
2798:
2795:
2794:
2787:
2785:
2781:
2775:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2729:
2719:
2717:
2713:
2708:
2705:
2700:
2696:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2681:Border Patrol
2678:
2674:
2670:
2662:
2659:
2655:
2646:
2644:
2643:war on terror
2639:
2635:
2630:
2621:
2618:
2612:
2610:
2598:
2595:
2587:
2577:
2571:
2569:
2562:
2553:
2552:
2539:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2499:
2494:
2490:
2487:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2473:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2458:
2453:
2452:PGK commandos
2449:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2428:
2425:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2399:
2394:
2392:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2363:
2358:
2355:
2352:
2349:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2329:
2325:
2319:
2317:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2302:
2299:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2282:
2280:
2279:SEAL Team Six
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2254:
2249:
2247:
2243:
2242:Mumbai Police
2239:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2224:
2221:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2209:
2204:
2201:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2186:
2183:
2180:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2151:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2137:
2134:
2132:Kirkuk, Iraq
2131:
2128:
2125:
2120:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2109:Pakistan Army
2107:
2105:
2102:Students and
2101:
2099:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2085:
2080:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2050:
2047:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2032:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2003:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1976:
1975:Pankisi Gorge
1973:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1960:
1957:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1923:
1920:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1881:
1879:mixed forces
1878:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1849:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1817:
1816:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1804:
1801:
1798:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1768:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1749:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1736:
1733:
1730:
1727:Pudu Prison,
1726:
1724:
1721:
1718:
1713:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1697:U.S. military
1695:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1683:
1682:Achille Lauro
1678:
1676:
1674:
1673:Achille Lauro
1670:
1667:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1649:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1630:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1589:
1586:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1576:Komando Jihad
1574:
1571:
1568:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1548:
1544:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1438:
1435:
1430:
1427:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1409:
1405:
1402:subsequently
1400:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1389:Mediterranean
1386:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1308:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1233:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1212:
1210:
1202:
1198:
1189:
1187:
1182:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1158:
1156:
1151:
1147:
1139:
1136:
1132:
1123:
1121:
1117:
1115:
1111:
1110:mass casualty
1107:
1098:
1089:
1087:
1078:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1054:
1052:
1046:
1043:
1039:
1033:
1030:
1024:
1020:
1014:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
999:David's Sling
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
956:
951:
947:
945:
941:
937:
933:
928:
926:
922:
907:
905:
901:
897:
892:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
861:
859:
855:
851:
843:
838:
828:
823:
820:
818:
814:
812:
806:
804:
799:
791:
787:
784:installed at
783:
778:
769:
767:
763:
759:
755:
752:ruled in the
751:
747:
743:
738:
737:interrogation
733:
724:
722:
716:
711:
709:
705:
695:
692:
689:
686:
682:
679:
675:
671:
667:
664:
661:
658:
654:
650:
649:
648:
644:
642:
633:
629:
625:
613:
609:
606:
602:
598:
595:
591:
590:
587:
576:
574:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
531:
528:
517:
515:
514:
510:
506:
503:
499:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
458:
454:
450:
447:
443:
440:
436:
432:
429:
425:
422:
418:
417:
414:
413:United States
403:
402:
401:
399:
391:
387:
383:
379:
374:
370:
366:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
334:
331:
320:
319:
318:
314:
304:
302:
298:
294:
290:
288:
284:
278:
276:
273:, especially
272:
268:
264:
260:
255:
254:in policing.
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
225:
221:
216:
212:
208:
204:
189:
185:
183:
179:
174:
172:
168:
164:
159:
157:
152:
150:
146:
142:
138:
128:
127:may develop.
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
93:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
60:
57:
53:
46:
42:
41:tactical unit
38:
34:
30:
19:
5238:Paramilitary
5168:Soviet Union
5025:White Terror
4972:Organisation
4900:Bioterrorism
4685:
4666:
4657:
4638:
4620:
4582:
4549:
4534:
4491:
4480:
4465:
4455:
4448:
4430:
4405:
4401:
4394:
4385:
4376:
4367:
4345:(2): 75–92.
4342:
4338:
4328:
4319:
4315:
4309:
4298:
4268:(1): 57–75.
4265:
4261:
4239:
4218:
4177:
4173:
4152:. Retrieved
4148:the original
4141:
4135:
4128:
4108:
4104:
4083:
4079:
4067:. Retrieved
4060:the original
4039:
4035:
4022:
4013:
4004:
3992:. Retrieved
3982:
3973:
3963:
3951:. Retrieved
3946:
3937:
3927:November 20,
3925:. Retrieved
3921:
3911:
3876:
3872:
3862:
3841:cite journal
3829:
3822:. Retrieved
3808:
3800:
3797:the original
3786:
3777:
3771:
3746:
3742:
3736:
3726:September 6,
3724:. Retrieved
3714:
3704:February 11,
3702:. Retrieved
3698:
3689:
3630:
3621:
3612:
3602:September 6,
3600:. Retrieved
3596:the original
3586:
3574:. Retrieved
3567:
3558:
3539:
3525:
3513:
3501:. Retrieved
3497:
3488:
3463:
3459:
3449:
3435:
3414:cite journal
3404:November 14,
3402:. Retrieved
3388:
3374:
3362:. Retrieved
3357:
3348:
3337:, retrieved
3315:
3305:
3272:
3262:
3229:
3225:
3219:
3210:
3201:
3192:
3183:
3173:September 6,
3171:. Retrieved
3161:
3136:
3132:
3126:
3116:September 9,
3114:. Retrieved
3094:
3067:
3061:
3041:
3034:
3025:
3016:
3004:. Retrieved
2997:the original
2992:
2980:
2971:
2959:
2942:
2936:
2886:Paramilitary
2817:Counterjihad
2776:
2761:
2757:
2709:
2701:
2697:
2666:
2632:Though some
2631:
2627:
2613:
2609:intelligence
2605:
2590:
2581:
2565:
2426:'s faction)
2321:
2068:Russian army
1911:(OPM) Group
1905:Kelly Kwalik
1898:, Indonesia
1734:Two doctors
1729:Kuala Lumpur
1681:
1672:
1613:Red Brigades
1455:Red Brigades
1428:consultants
1401:
1391:
1323:Kuala Lumpur
1287:West Germany
1223:Main locale
1206:
1183:
1159:
1148:, there are
1143:
1137:
1118:
1104:
1095:
1084:
1060:
1047:
1034:
1015:
1011:Grad rockets
989:such as the
983:bomb shelter
960:
929:
925:car bombings
918:
893:
889:the Troubles
862:
847:
821:
815:
807:
795:
780:Transparent
772:Non-military
758:such methods
734:
730:
718:
713:
700:
645:
637:
619:Human rights
542:
456:
421:deadly force
395:
350:the Troubles
316:
291:
279:
256:
232:intelligence
229:
186:
175:
160:
153:
134:
94:
73:
69:
65:
64:
29:
5223:Gendarmerie
4940:Palestinian
4905:Car bombing
4851:Nationalist
4834:Palestinian
4802:By ideology
4154:November 7,
3824:February 3,
3503:January 22,
2739:members of
2689:Coast Guard
2356:(UDT/SEAL)
2097:, Pakistan
2070:(including
2062:(including
1940:, Malaysia
1754:Mothers Bus
1731:, Malaysia
1647:, Portugal
1622:Delta Force
1569:, Thailand
1529:Delta Force
1478:London, UK
1441:Prison riot
1395:, south of
1325:, Malaysia
1231:/hijackers
1029:World War I
977:(mainly by
969:(mainly by
910:Preparation
875:during the
782:garbage bin
435:Patriot Act
275:lone wolves
117:lawlessness
5212:Categories
5191:Venezuela
5091:By country
5015:Red Terror
5008:Historical
4930:Proxy bomb
4880:Types and
4824:Right-wing
4759:Definition
4635:Newton Lee
4069:October 1,
4014:ArutzSheva
3994:January 2,
3364:August 16,
3339:August 16,
2928:References
2513:Gaza Strip
2474:, Georgia
2415:Malaysians
2409:Lahad Datu
1981:, Georgia
1947:Al-Ma'unah
1933:Sauk Siege
1760:Beer Sheva
1737:Prisoners
1701:Navy SEALs
1516:Americans
1229:Kidnappers
1155:manhunting
967:Gaza Strip
756:case that
744:, such as
669:practices.
497:incidents.
493:, and the
201:See also:
121:subversion
97:insurgency
47:of France.
5195:Sponsored
5185:Sponsored
5175:Sri Lanka
5156:Sponsored
5148:Palestine
5141:Sponsored
5137:Pakistan
5131:Sponsored
5121:Sponsored
5111:Sponsored
5101:Sponsored
5051:Incidents
4994:Lone wolf
4984:Financing
4860:Christian
4856:Religious
4819:Left-wing
4809:Communist
4745:Terrorism
4645:, 2015),
4611:" (2012,
4422:153825273
4408:: 19–36.
4359:143868466
4290:154538050
4282:1743-4645
4056:144121872
3763:158017999
3480:147673041
3297:248582120
3289:1556-5068
3254:159341592
3246:1540-5907
3153:145270348
2857:Informant
2704:profiling
2584:June 2021
2478:Georgians
2382:Georgians
2303:Pakistan
2275:U.S. Navy
2160:Colombia
2095:Islamabad
2076:Militsiya
2048:, Russia
1966:2001–2005
1896:Mapenduma
1829:, France
1827:Marseille
1766:, Israel
1675:hijacking
1609:American
1499:1979-1981
1357:, Uganda
1253:, Israel
1220:Incident
1178:shootouts
1003:Iron Dome
995:Iron Dome
991:Arrow ABM
979:Hezbollah
965:from the
955:Iron Dome
896:Indochina
527:Australia
269:grounds.
182:red teams
90:terrorism
5253:Security
4588:Archived
4496:Archived
4471:Archived
4210:36370133
4202:19076327
4143:The Star
4120:The Star
4113:Archived
4095:The Star
4088:Archived
3903:26672544
3622:HuffPost
3576:June 16,
3547:Archived
3107:Archived
3006:July 10,
2790:See also
2748:Military
2691:and the
2532:Shin Bet
2266:23 crew
2140:Al Qaeda
2072:Spetsnaz
2051:Russian
2024:Spetsnaz
1988:Al-Qaeda
1915:Kopassus
1799:, India
1797:Srinagar
1650:Turkish
1606:, Italy
1581:Kopassus
1451:Italian
1448:, Italy
1291:Israeli
1237:Results
953:Israeli
856:and the
832:Military
678:Al-Qaeda
653:Malaysia
481:and the
469:and the
244:military
192:Planning
5117:Kuwait
5107:Israel
4915:Nuclear
4882:tactics
4865:Islamic
4858: (
4839:Zionist
4537:(2010)
4182:Bibcode
3953:May 10,
3881:Bibcode
3213:. 2017.
3195:. 2016.
2951:3466967
2518:Israeli
2472:Tbilisi
2377:Georgia
2375:Gorge,
2345:Koreans
2340:Somalia
2189:Somalia
2113:Rangers
1986:Mixed,
1979:Kakheti
1954:and 20
1919:Kostrad
1861:, Peru
1628:(NOCS)
1620:(ISA),
1567:Bangkok
1408:Somalia
1170:snipers
1069:or the
1021:or the
975:Lebanon
900:Algeria
674:Taliban
612:Knesset
570:groups.
568:Islamic
165:of the
131:History
43:of the
5163:Russia
5152:Qatar
5127:Libya
4920:Piracy
4870:Jewish
4673:
4649:
4627:
4615:
4600:
4573:
4556:
4541:
4420:
4357:
4288:
4280:
4208:
4200:
4054:
3901:
3873:Nature
3761:
3683:online
3656:online
3478:
3330:
3295:
3287:
3252:
3244:
3151:
3082:
3049:
3026:SOFREP
2949:
2687:, the
2683:, the
2663:agents
2373:Lopota
2298:Lahore
2238:MARCOS
2220:Mumbai
2200:PASKAL
2193:Mixed
2163:Mixed
2042:Beslan
1877:police
1832:Mixed
1764:Dimona
1688:Mixed
1645:Lisbon
1508:Tehran
1462:(GIS)
1413:Mixed
1283:Munich
1256:Mixed
1114:triage
887:, and
883:, the
881:S-Plan
879:, the
867:, the
790:Sydney
603:ruled
586:Israel
583:
524:
410:
342:S-Plan
327:
259:ethnic
213:, and
211:HUMINT
145:Fenian
5097:Iran
5034:Lists
4989:Front
4814:Green
4418:S2CID
4355:S2CID
4286:S2CID
4206:S2CID
4063:(PDF)
4052:S2CID
4032:(PDF)
3818:(PDF)
3759:S2CID
3699:OHCHR
3476:S2CID
3398:(PDF)
3293:S2CID
3250:S2CID
3149:S2CID
3110:(PDF)
3103:(PDF)
3000:(PDF)
2989:(PDF)
2968:(PDF)
2528:YAMAM
2523:Hamas
2509:Rafah
2300:city
2222:city
1938:Perak
1818:1994
1778:YAMAM
1604:Padua
1595:1982
1446:Trani
1422:GSG 9
1201:GSG 9
1051:fatwa
1042:SCADA
971:Hamas
224:Yamam
163:GSG 9
119:, or
4671:ISBN
4647:ISBN
4625:ISBN
4613:ISBN
4598:ISBN
4571:ISBN
4554:ISBN
4539:ISBN
4278:ISSN
4198:PMID
4156:2008
4071:2006
3996:2010
3955:2023
3929:2012
3899:PMID
3854:help
3826:2008
3728:2016
3706:2021
3604:2016
3578:2016
3505:2024
3427:help
3406:2007
3366:2023
3341:2023
3328:ISBN
3285:ISSN
3242:ISSN
3175:2016
3118:2017
3080:ISBN
3047:ISBN
3008:2019
2947:SSRN
2636:and
2530:and
2500:2024
2459:2017
2440:and
2400:2013
2364:2012
2330:2011
2288:2009
2255:2009
2210:2008
2181:2008
2152:2008
2126:2007
2111:and
2086:2007
2064:OMON
2033:2004
2004:2002
1929:2000
1887:1996
1875:and
1859:Lima
1850:1996
1841:GIGN
1787:1993
1762:and
1750:1988
1719:1986
1668:1985
1636:1983
1624:and
1585:RTAF
1554:1981
1512:Iran
1470:1980
1436:1980
1417:PFLP
1379:1977
1364:PFLP
1346:1976
1313:1975
1307:GSG9
1274:1972
1242:1972
1112:and
1009:and
997:and
904:Iraq
898:and
811:NGOs
796:The
566:and
461:The
451:The
444:The
367:The
246:and
238:and
154:The
37:GIGN
4684:,"
4410:doi
4347:doi
4270:doi
4190:doi
4044:doi
3889:doi
3877:528
3751:doi
3468:doi
3320:doi
3277:doi
3234:doi
3141:doi
3072:doi
2737:SEK
2710:In
2693:FBI
2658:FBI
2066:),
2060:MVD
1907:'s
1680:MS
1659:GOE
1393:Sea
1174:EOD
873:IRA
788:in
676:or
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