412:
31:
314:
383:
253:
425:
297:
433:(modified atmosphere), or skin packaging producing rapidly packaged products. Thermoforming can greatly increase packaging production speed. Thermoformed plastics can be customized for size, color, clarity, and shape to fit products perfectly, creating a consistent appearance. One of the most commonly used thermoformed plastics is PET, known for a high-strength barrier resistant to outside tampering and an ease of molding into designated designs and shapes. Some common uses for Thermoforming in vacuum packaging include:
322:
refilled with air by the automatic opening of a vent to the outside. This oncoming pressure squeezes all remaining air in the bag. The lid is then opened and the product removed. Double chamber sealers are typically used for medium-volume packaging, and also have the capability to vacuum seal liquids. The lid generally swings from one side to another, increasing production speed over a single chamber model. Double chamber vacuum packaging machines generally have either spring-weighted lids or fully automatic lids.
305:
bag, after sealing the bag the chamber is refilled with air by the automatic opening of a vent to the outside. This oncoming pressure squeezes all remaining air in the bag. The lid is then opened and the product removed. Chamber sealers are typically used for low-to-medium-volume packaging. This style of vacuum machine is also capable of sealing liquids due to equal pressure in the chamber and the bag eliminating the risk of the liquid being sucked out of the open edge of the bag.
2684:
2475:
391:
chamber seals the product in the bag. After sealing the bag, the chamber is refilled with air by the automatic opening of a vent to the outside. This oncoming pressure squeezes all remaining air in the bag. The lid is then opened and the product removed. Automatic belt vacuum chamber machines are typically used for high-speed packaging of large items, and also have the capability to vacuum seal liquids. The lid generally travels straight up and down.
148:
543:). Shelf life indication can be effectively measured by how many cubic centimeters of oxygen can permeate through 1 square meter of material over a 24-hour period. A standard PA/PE bag allows on average 100 cubic centimeters, PVDC allows on average over 10, and EVOH on average 1 cubic centimeter. Multi-layer structures allow the ability to use strong oxygen-barrier materials for enhanced shelf life protection.
2673:
473:
283:
534:
The amount of shelf life enhanced by a vacuum bag is dependent on the structure in the material. A standard vacuum bag is composed of a PA/PE structure where PA is for puncture resistance and PE is for sealing. The high barrier category includes the usage of more layers focused on the prevention of
390:
Automatic belt chamber sealers require the entire product to be placed in a plastic bag or flow wrapped pouch within the machine. The product travels on the conveyor belt, it is automatically positioned in the machine on the seal bar, the lid is closed and air is removed. Then a seal bar inside the
347:
Rotary belt type vacuum packaging machine or vacuum sealer features the same function as the double chamber vacuum packaging machine as a 'vacuum bag sealer'. But the rotary belt vacuum packaging machine is more convenient, as the belt rotates automatically while the bags are placed to the sealing
321:
Double chamber sealers require the entire product to be placed in a plastic bag within the machine. Once the product is placed in the machine on the seal bar, the lid is closed and air is removed. Then a seal bar inside the chamber seals the product in the bag, after sealing the bag the chamber is
304:
Single chamber sealers require the entire product to be placed within the machine. Like external sealers, a plastic bag is typically used for packaging. Once the product is placed in the machine, the lid is closed and air is removed. Then, there is a heat seal inside the chamber that will seal the
432:
Vacuum packaging in large production facilities can be done with thermoforming machines. These are Form-Fill-Seal style machines that form the package from rolls of packaging film (webbing). Products are loaded into the thermoformed pockets, the top web is laid and sealed under a vacuum, MAP
555:
can occur. It happens when the surface of the food is dehydrated, and this leads to a dried and leathery appearance. Freezer burn also changes the flavor and texture of foods. Vacuum packing reduces freezer burn by preventing the food from exposure to the cold, dry air.
288:
285:
273:
is often used to seal the pack. Typically these units use a dry piston vacuum pump which is often considered a "maintenance-free" pump. For sealing dry goods only, this is the preferred method. Moist foods are known to cause internal corrosion on these dry piston pumps.
284:
348:
bar and vacuum sealing process completed. The vacuumed and sealed bags are automatically unloaded, which obviously is more convenient. The packaging plate of the machine is adjustable to 4 degrees, which allows the vacuum packaging of food with soup and liquid.
287:
133:
For delicate food items that might be crushed by the vacuum packing process (such as potato chips), an alternative is to replace the interior gas with nitrogen. This has the same effect of inhibiting deterioration due to the removal of oxygen.
269:
External vacuum sealers involve a bag being attached to the vacuum-sealing machine externally. The machine will remove the air and seal the bag, which is all done outside the machine. A
617:
Mills, John; Donnison, Andrea; Brightwell, Gale (2014). "Factors affecting microbial spoilage and shelf-life of chilled vacuum-packed lamb transported to distant markets: A review".
286:
45:
that removes air from the package prior to sealing. This method involves placing items in a plastic film package, removing air from inside and sealing the package.
738:"Comparison of modified atmosphere packaging and vacuum packaging for long period storage of dry-cured ham: effects on colour, texture and microbiological quality"
100:). On a more short-term basis, vacuum packing can also be used to store fresh foods, such as vegetables, meats, and liquids, because it inhibits bacterial growth.
853:
386:
Automatic Belt Vacuum
Chamber Machine. Automatic belt vacuum chamber machines offer vastly increased speed and automation and accommodate large products.
929:
697:"Effect of different sanitizers on microbial and sensory quality of fresh-cut potato strips stored under modified atmosphere or vacuum packaging"
49:
is sometimes used to have a tight fit to the contents. The intent of vacuum packing is usually to remove oxygen from the container to extend the
411:
103:
Vacuum packing greatly reduces the bulk of non-food items. For example, clothing and bedding can be stored in bags evacuated with a domestic
488:
can proliferate, potentially causing food-safety issues. Some pathogens of concern in vacuum packed foods are spore-forming non-proteolytic
2510:
2063:
1973:
30:
848:
834:
582:
220:
1375:
518:
Depending on the product, atmosphere, temperature, and the barrier properties of the package, vacuum packaging extends the
192:
884:
2359:
199:
2329:
1177:
239:
535:
oxygen permeability, and therefore shelf life protection. There are two materials used in high barrier structures,
177:
2299:
2560:
2503:
2033:
1887:
1732:
169:
206:
2138:
173:
2249:
1202:
523:
1405:
188:
2294:
2178:
1410:
1192:
17:
522:
of many foods. The shelf life of meats can be extended by vacuum packaging, particularly when used with
2709:
2688:
2550:
2496:
1937:
737:
2392:
2354:
2284:
2274:
1212:
1072:
999:
914:
428:
Thermoform packaging machines are used in larger production facilities for vacuum packaging products.
2279:
2148:
1747:
1167:
1137:
1027:
158:
313:
2309:
1932:
1852:
1712:
1240:
877:
536:
496:
382:
162:
653:
2028:
1737:
1440:
1172:
1152:
502:
69:
654:"Modified Atmosphere and Vacuum Packaging to Extend the Shelf Life of Respiring Food Products"
424:
2457:
2407:
2387:
2334:
1667:
1617:
1340:
1335:
994:
984:
959:
857:
506:. Vacuum packing is often used in combination with other food processing techniques, such as
490:
53:
of foods and, with flexible package forms, to reduce the volume of the contents and package.
213:
72:
components. It is also commonly used to store dry foods over a long period of time, such as
2427:
2289:
1817:
1132:
964:
252:
8:
2600:
2314:
2123:
1922:
1762:
1642:
1102:
2719:
2479:
2442:
2402:
2254:
2163:
2128:
2078:
1963:
1672:
1542:
1512:
1450:
1187:
1087:
1067:
1062:
969:
870:
808:
485:
715:
2642:
2575:
2519:
2447:
2432:
2304:
2224:
2219:
2133:
2108:
2093:
2073:
2043:
2023:
1902:
1872:
1707:
1657:
1280:
1162:
1122:
1004:
989:
944:
919:
844:
830:
770:
634:
578:
296:
2580:
2462:
2452:
2269:
2098:
2053:
2013:
2003:
1867:
1782:
1562:
1460:
1355:
1330:
1245:
1197:
1142:
974:
939:
924:
909:
804:
760:
752:
711:
668:
626:
598:
373:
Any other packs that needs vacuum sealing, and the size of the pack is not too big.
57:
756:
630:
415:
Next-generation machines look similar but are much easier to operate and maintain.
2714:
2585:
2530:
2422:
2417:
2397:
2319:
2239:
2194:
2158:
2113:
2048:
2018:
1772:
1757:
1662:
1557:
1455:
1052:
949:
108:
2652:
2637:
2382:
2377:
2349:
2199:
2168:
2058:
1978:
1968:
1882:
1857:
1827:
1787:
1602:
1537:
1480:
1385:
1370:
1350:
1260:
1112:
1107:
1032:
104:
696:
673:
34:
Sealed food alongside a home vacuum sealer and plastic rolls used for sealing.
2703:
2605:
2565:
2339:
2234:
2204:
2153:
2143:
2088:
2068:
1877:
1847:
1792:
1517:
1380:
1127:
954:
934:
2625:
1983:
1912:
1842:
1832:
1822:
1807:
1742:
1647:
1527:
1507:
1500:
1490:
1485:
1390:
1315:
1285:
1250:
1217:
1117:
1092:
774:
638:
552:
89:
107:
or a dedicated vacuum sealer. This technique is sometimes used to compact
2677:
2615:
2570:
2555:
2264:
2229:
2103:
1892:
1767:
1752:
1717:
1697:
1687:
1627:
1607:
1552:
1475:
1290:
1222:
1207:
1157:
1042:
270:
115:
77:
65:
46:
394:
Automatic belt vacuum chamber packaging machines are commonly used for:
2545:
2344:
2324:
2214:
2083:
2008:
1897:
1812:
1677:
1637:
1612:
1577:
1547:
1470:
1445:
1395:
1265:
1097:
1082:
1057:
1037:
979:
765:
519:
50:
2632:
2437:
2244:
2038:
1927:
1917:
1907:
1862:
1837:
1682:
1567:
1522:
1465:
1232:
1077:
1009:
893:
507:
127:
42:
2488:
147:
2647:
2610:
2259:
2209:
2118:
1988:
1947:
1777:
1702:
1692:
1597:
1532:
1435:
1420:
1365:
1305:
1182:
1147:
1047:
257:
111:, for example where a charge is made for each full bag collected.
56:
Vacuum packing reduces atmospheric oxygen, limiting the growth of
2595:
2540:
1998:
1993:
1942:
1652:
1400:
1255:
795:
Seidman, S C (1983). "Vacuum
Packaging of Fresh Beef: A Review".
119:
510:
or refrigeration, to inhibit the growth of anaerobic organisms.
325:
Double chamber vacuum packaging machines are commonly used for:
2620:
2535:
2412:
1797:
1495:
1360:
1325:
1320:
1295:
1275:
419:
123:
97:
93:
85:
73:
61:
2590:
1802:
1722:
1622:
1345:
854:
The
Colonel In The Kitchen: A Surprising History Of Sous Vide
264:
2672:
862:
472:
1632:
1572:
1310:
540:
351:
Rotary belt type packaging machines are commonly used for:
81:
529:
1727:
1430:
1425:
1415:
1300:
1270:
573:
Perdue, R (2009), "Vacuum
Packaging", in Yam, K L (ed.),
477:
377:
603:(Second ed.). Institute of Packaging Professionals.
616:
27:
Method of removing air from a package prior to sealing
342:
2701:
308:
277:
930:Modified atmosphere/modified humidity packaging
735:
2504:
878:
600:Illustrated Glossary of Packaging Terminology
452:Grab-and-go snacks (beef jerky, snack sticks)
420:Thermoforming HFFS vacuum packaging machines
2064:Hazard analysis and critical control points
551:When foods are frozen without preparation,
176:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
2511:
2497:
885:
871:
292:This video shows vacuum packaging of rice.
265:Edge, suction, and external vacuum sealers
1974:Automatic identification and data capture
764:
672:
240:Learn how and when to remove this message
471:
423:
410:
381:
312:
295:
281:
251:
29:
827:Food Packaging: Principles and Practice
794:
694:
530:High barrier-chamber vacuum shrink bags
317:Double chamber vacuum packaging machine
14:
2702:
651:
572:
378:Automatic belt vacuum chamber machines
2518:
2492:
866:
1376:Flexible intermediate bulk container
841:Encyclopedia of Packaging Technology
612:
610:
575:Encyclopedia of Packaging Technology
174:adding citations to reliable sources
141:
539:(PVDC) and ethylene vinyl alcohol (
484:In an oxygen-depleted environment,
455:Pharmaceutical and medical products
24:
2360:Vertical form fill sealing machine
819:
809:10.1111/j.1745-4557.1983.tb00755.x
704:Postharvest Biology and Technology
596:
25:
2731:
2330:Rotary wheel blow molding systems
1178:Purdue Improved Crop Storage bags
716:10.1016/j.postharvbio.2005.02.010
645:
607:
566:
300:Tabletop vacuum packaging machine
114:Vacuum packaging products, using
2683:
2682:
2671:
2474:
2473:
2300:Mechanical brake stretch wrapper
146:
2034:Electronic article surveillance
1888:Shock and vibration data logger
1733:Linear low-density polyethylene
843:, John Wiley & Sons, 2009,
546:
462:
343:Rotary belt type vacuum sealers
2139:Radio-frequency identification
788:
736:Garcia-Esteban, Marta (2004).
729:
688:
590:
467:
256:Vacuum packaged ready-to-sell
130:, are available for home use.
13:
1:
2250:Extended core stretch wrapper
1203:Single-serve coffee container
892:
757:10.1016/j.meatsci.2003.09.005
631:10.1016/j.meatsci.2014.05.002
559:
524:modified atmosphere packaging
513:
309:Double chamber vacuum sealers
278:Single chamber vacuum sealers
1406:Insulated shipping container
7:
2689:Category: Food preservation
2295:Material-handling equipment
2179:Verification and validation
1411:Intermediate bulk container
1193:Self-heating food packaging
480:meat in a vacuum sealed bag
398:Fresh meat (large portions)
10:
2736:
1938:Time temperature indicator
577:, Wiley (published 2010),
2666:
2526:
2471:
2393:Environmental engineering
2368:
2355:Turntable stretch wrapper
2285:Lineshaft roller conveyor
2275:Injection molding machine
2187:
1956:
1586:
1231:
1213:Toothpaste pump dispenser
1073:Disposable food packaging
1018:
915:Child-resistant packaging
900:
674:10.21273/HORTTECH.2.3.303
2280:Label printer applicator
2149:Shearing (manufacturing)
1748:Low-density polyethylene
1168:Pharmaceutical packaging
1138:Low plastic water bottle
1028:Alternative wine closure
437:Fresh and marinated meat
137:
2310:Orbital stretch wrapper
1933:Temperature data logger
1853:Pressure-sensitive tape
1713:Humidity indicator card
1241:Aerosol spray dispenser
797:Journal of Food Quality
695:Beltran, David (2005).
537:polyvinylidene chloride
497:Yersinia enterocolitica
2029:Die forming (plastics)
1738:Liquid packaging board
1441:Multilayered packaging
1173:Plastic milk container
1153:Optical disc packaging
652:Gorris, L G M (1992).
503:Listeria monocytogenes
481:
429:
416:
407:Cheese (hard and soft)
387:
367:Cheese (hard and soft)
335:Cheese (hard and soft)
318:
301:
293:
261:
35:
2458:Sustainable packaging
2408:Life-cycle assessment
2388:Closed-loop box reuse
2335:Seed-counting machine
1668:Corrugated fiberboard
1618:Biodegradable plastic
1341:Corrugated box design
995:Sustainable packaging
985:Shelf-ready packaging
960:Packaging engineering
858:National Public Radio
829:, 3rd edition, 2013,
491:Clostridium botulinum
476:A cut of wild-caught
475:
427:
414:
385:
316:
299:
291:
255:
64:, and preventing the
33:
2428:PET bottle recycling
2290:Logistics automation
1818:Plastic-coated paper
965:Resealable packaging
458:Coins / collectables
170:improve this section
96:, and potato chips (
2601:Modified atmosphere
2480:Category: Packaging
2315:Packaging machinery
2124:Product development
1923:Tamper-evident band
1763:Modified atmosphere
1103:Foam food container
370:Candy and chocolate
338:Candy and chocolate
2443:Reusable packaging
2403:Industrial ecology
2164:Ultrasonic welding
2129:Production control
2079:Injection moulding
1964:Aseptic processing
1673:Corrugated plastic
1543:Steel and tin cans
1513:Shipping container
1451:Packet (container)
1188:Seasonal packaging
1088:Evidence packaging
1068:Currency packaging
1063:Cosmetic packaging
970:Reusable packaging
486:anaerobic bacteria
482:
430:
417:
404:Large sausage logs
388:
319:
302:
294:
262:
36:
2710:Food preservation
2697:
2696:
2576:Hurdle technology
2536:Burying in ground
2520:Food preservation
2486:
2485:
2448:Reverse logistics
2433:Plastic recycling
2305:Multihead weigher
2225:Cartoning machine
2220:Cap torque tester
2134:Quality assurance
2109:Plastic extrusion
2074:Induction sealing
2044:Extrusion coating
1903:Staple (fastener)
1873:Security printing
1708:Hot-melt adhesive
1281:Biodegradable bag
1123:Glass milk bottle
1005:Tamper resistance
945:Package pilferage
920:Contract packager
849:978-0-470-08704-6
835:978-1-4398-6241-4
825:Robertson, G.L.,
584:978-0-470-08704-6
446:Candy / chocolate
289:
250:
249:
242:
224:
16:(Redirected from
2727:
2686:
2685:
2676:
2675:
2513:
2506:
2499:
2490:
2489:
2477:
2476:
2463:Waste management
2453:Source reduction
2270:Industrial robot
2174:Vacuum packaging
2099:Package tracking
2054:Glass production
2014:Corona treatment
2004:Containerization
1868:Screw cap (wine)
1783:Oxygen scavenger
1246:Aluminium bottle
1198:Screw cap (wine)
1143:Luxury packaging
975:Reuse of bottles
940:Package delivery
925:Edible packaging
910:Active packaging
887:
880:
873:
864:
863:
813:
812:
792:
786:
785:
783:
781:
768:
742:
733:
727:
726:
724:
722:
701:
692:
686:
685:
683:
681:
676:
658:
649:
643:
642:
614:
605:
604:
594:
588:
587:
570:
290:
245:
238:
234:
231:
225:
223:
189:"Vacuum packing"
182:
150:
142:
58:aerobic bacteria
21:
2735:
2734:
2730:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2725:
2724:
2700:
2699:
2698:
2693:
2678:Food portal
2670:
2662:
2531:Biopreservation
2522:
2517:
2487:
2482:
2467:
2423:Paper recycling
2418:Packaging waste
2398:Glass recycling
2370:
2364:
2320:Pallet inverter
2240:Conveyor system
2195:Barcode printer
2183:
2159:Track and trace
2114:Plastic welding
2049:Flame treatment
2019:Curtain coating
1952:
1773:Nonwoven fabric
1758:Metallised film
1663:Container glass
1590:
1588:
1582:
1558:Tub (container)
1456:Padded envelope
1227:
1053:Case-ready meat
1020:
1014:
950:Package testing
902:
896:
891:
822:
820:Further reading
817:
816:
793:
789:
779:
777:
740:
734:
730:
720:
718:
699:
693:
689:
679:
677:
656:
650:
646:
615:
608:
595:
591:
585:
571:
567:
562:
549:
532:
516:
470:
465:
422:
380:
345:
311:
282:
280:
267:
246:
235:
229:
226:
183:
181:
167:
151:
140:
109:household waste
41:is a method of
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2733:
2723:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2695:
2694:
2692:
2691:
2680:
2667:
2664:
2663:
2661:
2660:
2658:Vacuum packing
2655:
2653:Tyndallization
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2629:
2628:
2623:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2527:
2524:
2523:
2516:
2515:
2508:
2501:
2493:
2484:
2483:
2472:
2469:
2468:
2466:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2383:Can collecting
2380:
2378:Biodegradation
2374:
2372:
2366:
2365:
2363:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2350:Tape dispenser
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2200:Barcode reader
2197:
2191:
2189:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2169:Vacuum forming
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2059:Graphic design
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1979:Blow fill seal
1976:
1971:
1969:Authentication
1966:
1960:
1958:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1883:Shock detector
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1858:Pump dispenser
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1828:Plastic pallet
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1788:Package handle
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1603:Aluminium foil
1600:
1594:
1592:
1584:
1583:
1581:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1538:Stand-up pouch
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1504:
1503:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1481:Plastic bottle
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1386:Folding carton
1383:
1378:
1373:
1371:Euro container
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1351:Disposable cup
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1261:Antistatic bag
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1237:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1226:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1113:Fuel container
1110:
1108:Food packaging
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1033:Ammunition box
1030:
1024:
1022:
1016:
1015:
1013:
1012:
1007:
1002:
1000:Tamper-evident
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
906:
904:
898:
897:
890:
889:
882:
875:
867:
861:
860:
851:
837:
821:
818:
815:
814:
787:
728:
687:
667:(3): 303–309.
661:HortTechnology
644:
606:
589:
583:
564:
563:
561:
558:
548:
545:
531:
528:
515:
512:
469:
466:
464:
461:
460:
459:
456:
453:
450:
447:
444:
441:
438:
421:
418:
409:
408:
405:
402:
401:Processed meat
399:
379:
376:
375:
374:
371:
368:
365:
362:
359:
358:Processed meat
356:
344:
341:
340:
339:
336:
333:
332:Processed meat
330:
310:
307:
279:
276:
266:
263:
248:
247:
154:
152:
145:
139:
136:
105:vacuum cleaner
39:Vacuum packing
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2732:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2690:
2681:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2668:
2665:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2606:Pascalization
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2566:Freeze-drying
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2528:
2525:
2521:
2514:
2509:
2507:
2502:
2500:
2495:
2494:
2491:
2481:
2470:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2367:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2340:Shrink tunnel
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2235:Check weigher
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2205:Bottling line
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2186:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2154:Thermoforming
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2144:Roll slitting
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2089:Laser cutting
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2069:Hermetic seal
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1959:
1955:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1878:Security tape
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1848:Polypropylene
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1793:Packaging gas
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1593:
1585:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1518:Shipping tube
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1381:Flexible tank
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1230:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1023:
1017:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
955:Package theft
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
935:Overpackaging
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
907:
905:
899:
895:
888:
883:
881:
876:
874:
869:
868:
865:
859:
855:
852:
850:
846:
842:
838:
836:
832:
828:
824:
823:
810:
806:
802:
798:
791:
776:
772:
767:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
739:
732:
717:
713:
709:
705:
698:
691:
675:
670:
666:
662:
655:
648:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
613:
611:
602:
601:
593:
586:
580:
576:
569:
565:
557:
554:
544:
542:
538:
527:
525:
521:
511:
509:
505:
504:
499:
498:
493:
492:
487:
479:
474:
457:
454:
451:
448:
445:
442:
439:
436:
435:
434:
426:
413:
406:
403:
400:
397:
396:
395:
392:
384:
372:
369:
366:
363:
360:
357:
354:
353:
352:
349:
337:
334:
331:
328:
327:
326:
323:
315:
306:
298:
275:
272:
259:
254:
244:
241:
233:
222:
219:
215:
212:
208:
205:
201:
198:
194:
191: –
190:
186:
185:Find sources:
179:
175:
171:
165:
164:
160:
155:This section
153:
149:
144:
143:
135:
131:
129:
125:
121:
117:
112:
110:
106:
101:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
54:
52:
48:
44:
40:
32:
19:
2657:
2626:Potjevleesch
2561:Fermentation
2369:Environment,
2173:
1984:Blow molding
1913:Stretch wrap
1843:Polyethylene
1833:Plastic wrap
1823:Plastic film
1808:Paper pallet
1743:Living hinge
1648:Coated paper
1528:Spray bottle
1508:Security bag
1501:Water sachet
1491:Salvage drum
1486:Retort pouch
1391:Glass bottle
1286:Blister pack
1251:Aluminum can
1218:Water bottle
1118:Gas cylinder
1093:Field ration
990:Shelf-stable
840:
839:Yam, K. L.,
826:
803:(1): 29–47.
800:
796:
790:
778:. Retrieved
751:(1): 57–63.
748:
745:Meat Science
744:
731:
719:. Retrieved
707:
703:
690:
678:. Retrieved
664:
660:
647:
625:(1): 71–80.
622:
619:Meat Science
618:
599:
592:
574:
568:
553:freezer burn
550:
547:Freezer burn
533:
517:
501:
495:
489:
483:
463:Food storage
431:
393:
389:
350:
346:
324:
320:
303:
268:
236:
230:January 2024
227:
217:
210:
203:
196:
184:
168:Please help
156:
132:
116:plastic bags
113:
102:
55:
38:
37:
2581:Irradiation
2265:Heat sealer
2230:Case sealer
2104:Papermaking
2024:Die cutting
1989:Calendering
1893:Shrink wrap
1768:Molded pulp
1753:Meat diaper
1718:Kraft paper
1698:Foam peanut
1688:Double seam
1658:Coextrusion
1628:Bubble wrap
1608:Bail handle
1553:Thermal bag
1476:Plastic bag
1291:Boil-in-bag
1223:Wine bottle
1208:Spray paint
1163:Popcorn bag
1158:Oyster pail
1043:Beer bottle
766:10171/22986
597:Soroka, W.
468:Food safety
271:heat sealer
66:evaporation
47:Shrink film
18:Cryovacking
2704:Categories
2546:Cold chain
2345:Staple gun
2325:Palletizer
2215:Can seamer
2084:Lamination
2009:Converting
1898:Slip sheet
1813:Paperboard
1678:Cushioning
1638:Cellophane
1613:Bioplastic
1591:components
1578:Wooden box
1548:Tetra Brik
1471:Paper sack
1446:Multi-pack
1396:Gunny sack
1266:Bag-in-box
1233:Containers
1098:Flour sack
1083:Egg carton
1058:Coffee bag
1038:Banana box
980:Shelf life
780:August 14,
721:August 14,
680:August 14,
560:References
520:shelf life
514:Shelf life
355:Fresh meat
329:Fresh meat
200:newspapers
128:mason jars
51:shelf life
2720:Packaging
2633:Rillettes
2438:Recycling
2245:Drum pump
2188:Machinery
2039:Extrusion
1957:Processes
1928:Tear tape
1918:Susceptor
1908:Strapping
1863:Screw cap
1838:Polyester
1683:Desiccant
1587:Materials
1568:Unit load
1523:Skin pack
1466:Paper bag
1336:Clamshell
1078:Drink can
1010:Wrap rage
894:Packaging
710:: 37–46.
508:retorting
260:products.
157:does not
120:canisters
88:, smoked
43:packaging
2648:Sugaring
2611:Pickling
2591:Jellying
2571:Freezing
2371:post-use
2260:Heat gun
2210:Calender
2119:Printing
1948:Velostat
1943:Tinplate
1778:Overwrap
1703:Gel pack
1693:Flip-top
1598:Adhesive
1533:Squround
1436:Mesh bag
1421:Jerrycan
1366:Envelope
1306:Bulk box
1183:Sand bag
1148:Milk bag
1133:Juicebox
1048:Box wine
1021:packages
775:22061116
639:24875594
80:, cured
70:volatile
2643:Smoking
2638:Salting
2616:Potting
2596:Jugging
2586:Jamming
2541:Canning
2094:Molding
1999:Coating
1994:Canning
1653:Coating
1643:Closure
1401:Inhaler
1256:Ampoule
1128:Growler
1019:Product
901:General
440:Sausage
364:Pickles
361:Seafood
214:scholar
178:removed
163:sources
124:bottles
74:cereals
2715:Vacuum
2687:
2621:Confit
2556:Drying
2551:Curing
2478:
2413:Litter
2255:Filler
1798:Pallet
1496:Sachet
1361:Endcap
1326:Carton
1321:Carboy
1296:Bottle
1276:Barrel
903:topics
847:
833:
773:
637:
581:
500:, and
443:Cheese
216:
209:
202:
195:
187:
98:crisps
94:coffee
86:cheese
1803:Paper
1723:Label
1623:BoPET
1346:Crate
741:(PDF)
700:(PDF)
657:(PDF)
449:Grain
258:Jamón
221:JSTOR
207:books
138:Types
126:, or
82:meats
62:fungi
1633:Bung
1573:Vial
1563:Tube
1461:Pail
1356:Drum
1331:Chub
1316:Case
1311:Cage
845:ISBN
831:ISBN
782:2018
771:PMID
723:2018
682:2018
635:PMID
579:ISBN
541:EVOH
193:news
161:any
159:cite
90:fish
78:nuts
1728:Lid
1589:and
1431:Keg
1426:Jug
1416:Jar
1301:Box
1271:Bag
856:at
805:doi
761:hdl
753:doi
712:doi
669:doi
627:doi
478:elk
172:by
68:of
60:or
2706::
799:.
769:.
759:.
749:67
747:.
743:.
708:37
706:.
702:.
663:.
659:.
633:.
623:98
621:.
609:^
526:.
494:,
122:,
118:,
92:,
84:,
76:,
2512:e
2505:t
2498:v
886:e
879:t
872:v
811:.
807::
801:6
784:.
763::
755::
725:.
714::
684:.
671::
665:2
641:.
629::
243:)
237:(
232:)
228:(
218:·
211:·
204:·
197:·
180:.
166:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
